MUSCLE A band or bundle of fibrous tissue that can contract, moving in or maintaining the position of parts of the body.
SKIN The thin layer of tissue forms the natural outer covering of the body of a person.
LEFT on, toward, or relating to the side of a human body that is to the west when the person is facing north.
RIGHT on, toward, or relating to the side of a human body that is to the east when the person is facing north.
JOINT A structure in the body at which two parts of the skeleton are fitted together.
VOCABULARY OF DISEASES & ILLNESS
No Word Meaning Note
1. Acne Jerawat kondisi kulit yang
terjadi ketika folikel rambut tersumbat oleh minyak/sel kulit mati 2. AIDS (acquired
immune deficiency syndrome)
AIDS sindrom defisiensi imun didapat; disebabkan oleh HIV
3. Allergy Alergi reaksi tubuh terhadap
zat yang biasanya tidak berbahaya
4. Anemia Anemia kekurangan sel darah
merah
5. Anorexia Anoreksia kelaparan diri yang berkepanjangan 6. Anxiety Kecemasan kekhawatiran yang
tidak menyenangkan tentang masa depan
7. Astma Asma kondisi di mana saluran
udara menyempit dan membengkak dan meng- hasilkan lendir ekstra
8. Autism Autis cacat perkembangan
yang menyebabkan tantangan sosial, komunikasi dan
perilaku yang signifikan.
9. Backache Sakit Punggung rasa sakit, terutama di daerah pinggang belakang, biasanya disebabkan oleh ketegangan otot atau ligamen
10. Bronchitis Bronkitis radang selaput yang melapisi saluran bronkial
11. Bruise Memar cedera kulit umum yang
mengakibatkan perubahan warna kulit
12. Cancer Kanker pertumbuhan ganas
yang disebabkan oleh pembelahan sel yang tidak terkendali 13. Chickenpox Cacar air penyakit menyebabkan
ruam vesikel pada wajah dan tubuh 14. C Cholera Kolera penyakit diare akut
yang disebabkan oleh infeksi usus dengan bakteri toksigenik
15. Cataract Katarak penyakit yang
melibatkan kekeruhan lensa mata
16. Chills Panas Dingin rasa dingin yang terjadi selama demam tinggi 17. Constipation Konstipasi suatu kondisi di mana
tidak nyaman/ jarang buang air besar
18. Cough Batuk tindakan refleks untuk
membersihkan saluran udara Anda dari lendir dan iritasi seperti debu atau asap
19. Cramp Keram kejang otot yang tidak
terkendali dan menyakitkan
20. Dehydration Dehidrasi tidak memiliki cukup air 21. e Dementia Demensia hilangnya fungsi
kognitif — berpikir, mengingat, dan menalar 22. Depression Depresi perasaan tidak berdaya/
putus asa yang berkepanjangan yang mungkin disertai dengan perubahan hormonal
23. Diabetes Diabetes penyakit yang ditandai dengan tingginya kadar glukosa dalam darah 24. Diarrhea Diare kondisi tinja yang encer
dan berair (buang air besar)
25. Dizziness Pusing perasaan pusing, pusing, atau tidak seimbang
26. Earache Sakit telinga kondisi medis yang melibatkan rasa sakit di satu atau kedua telinga 27. Epilepsy Epilepsi kondisi yang
mempengaruhi otak dan menyebabkan sering kejang.
28. Fever Demam peningkatan sementara
suhu tubuh
29. Fracture Patah terputusnya kontinuitas tulang
30. Headache Saki kepala rasa sakit yang timbul dari kepala atau leher
31. Heart attack Serangan jantung
keadaan darurat medis yang serius di mana suplai darah ke jantung tiba-tiba tersumbat 32. Hepatitis Hepatitis peradangan hati yang
dapat menyebabkan penyakit ringan hingga berat
33. Hyperglycemia Hiperglikemia ada terlalu banyak gula dalam darah karena tubuh kekurangan insulin
34. Hypertension Hipertensi tekanan darah tinggi 35. Indigestion/
Dyspepsia
Maag rasa sakit atau
ketidaknyamanan yang terus-menerus atau berulang di perut bagian atas
36. Infertility Ketidaksuburan ketidakmampuan atau kesulitan untuk hamil dan memiliki anak 37. Inflammation Inflamasi pembengkakan bagian
tubuh karena infeksi, biasanya oleh virus atau bakteri
38. Influenza (Flu) Flu infeksi virus yang menyerang sistem pernapasan (hidung, tenggorokan, dan paru- paru)
39. Insomnia Insomnia gangguan tidur di mana sulit untuk tertidur, tetap tertidur, atau keduanya
40. Itch Gatal sensasi kulit yang menghasilkan keinginan untuk menggaruk 41. Kidney Failure Gagal ginjal ketidakmampuan ginjal
untuk menjalankan fungsi normalnya
42. Malaria Malaria penyakit yang
disebabkan parasit yang ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk 43. Menopouse Menopouse waktu yang menandai
akhir siklus menstruasi 44. Migraine Migrain sakit kepala sedang/
berat terasa seperti nyeri berdenyut di 1 sisi kepala
45. Nausea Mual rasa tidak nyaman pada
perut yang sering datang sebelum muntah 46. Nosebleed Mimisan pendarahan dari
jaringan di dalam hidung (selaput lendir hidung) yang
disebabkan oleh pembuluh darah yang pecah
47. Osteoporosis Osteoporosis kehilangan abnormal jaringan tulang karena kekurangan kalsium 48. Runny nose Pilek lendir yang menetes
atau "keluar" dari hidung
49. Sinusitis Sinus peradangan atau pembengkakan pada jaringan yang melapisi sinus.
50. Snakebite Gigitan ular luka yang disebabkan oleh gigitan ular, terutama ular berbisa 51. Sore throat Sakit
tenggrokan
rasa sakit, gatal atau iritasi pada tenggorokan yang sering memburuk saat menelan
52. Stomachache Sakit Perut kram atau sakit tumpul di perut (perut)
53. Sunburn Terbakar kulit merah dan nyeri yang terasa panas saat disentuh
54. Skin cancer Kanker kulit pertumbuhan abnormal sel-sel kulit yang mengakibatkan kerusakan pada tubuh
55. Smallpox Cacar penyakit menular akut
yang disebabkan oleh virus variola
56. Tetanus Tetanus penyakit serius pada sistem saraf yang disebabkan oleh bakteri penghasil racun
57. Toothache Sakit gigi rasa sakit di dalam atau di sekitar gigi
58. Tuberculosis Tuberkulosis Infeksi yang ditularkan melalui inhalasi atau konsumsi basil
Source picture:: www.myenglishteacher.eu HOW TO EXPRESS PAIN IN ENGLISH
There are various kinds of pain that humans feel. For example:
• I don’t feel well. (Aku tak enak badan)
• I am feeling sick. (Aku merasa sakit)
• I am unwell. (Aku sedang tidak sehat)
• I have been feeling very run-down lately. (Akhir-akhir ini aku merasa tidak bugar)
•
I am feeling very tired. (Aku merasa sangat lelah)
• I have a bad headache. (Aku pusing sekali)
• I have a sore arm. (Lengan ku sakit)
• I have a pain in my back. (Aku sakit punggung)
• My leg really hurts today. (Kakiku saya sangat sakit hari ini).
• My pain hurt me very much. (Rasa sakit itu sangat menyakitkan.).
• My feet pain me (Kakiku membuatku sakit)
• It hurt me so much (ini sangat menyakitkan buatku).
• It very painful. I can’t stand it. (Ini sangat menyakitkan. Aku tidak tahan)
• I feel terrible. (Aku merasa tidak enak)
In addition to different locations, the way to express the pain is also different, for example:
• Ache
We can also express pain by using the word “ache”. The word "ache" can function as a noun and verb. As a noun, “ache”
means “pain” or “pain”; while as a verb, it means "to feel pain"
or "to experience pain". This word is used to express pain experienced by some part of the body. Not all the pain experienced by the limbs can be expressed in this word. The expression of pain using the word "ache" is as follows:
o I have a headache. It makes me hard to open my eyes.
(Aku sakit kepala. Itu membuatlu susah untuk membuka mata) o I have a toothache. I drink too much sugar in my tea.
(Aku sakit gigi. Aku minum terlalu banyak gula didalam tehku) o I have a stomachache. I put too much chili in my food.
(Aku sakit perut. Aku memasukkan terlalu banyak sambal dalam makananku)
o I have a backache. I sat in front of the laptop for a long time.
(Aku sakit punggung. Aku duduk di depan laptop terlalu lama) o I have an earache. I need to consult with a doctor.
(Aku sakit telinga. Aku harus konsultasi dengan dokter) o I have a heartache. I don’t want to meet you.
(Aku sakit hati. Aku tidak mau menemuimu)
o My stomach is aching.
(Perutku sedang sakit)
o My headaches, so I drink medicine (Kepalaku sakit, jadi aku minum obat) o My legs ached because to much exercise.
(Kakiku sakit karena banyak latihan)
• Pain
We can also express pain by using the word “pain”.
"Pain" is a noun or noun that means "pain" or "pain". Just like
"ache", this word can also function as a verb. For the expression of pain expressed with the word "pain", see the example below.
o I have a pain in my head. Please get me aspirin?
(Aku sakit kepala. Tolong ambilkan saya aspirin?) o I have a chest pain after the exercise.
(Dadaku nyeri setelah berolahraga)
o I was in pain yesterday, I couldn’t move from my bed.
(Aku sakit kemarin, aku tidak bisa bergerak dari kasurku) o My back has been paining me during this week.
(Punggungku sakit selama seminggu ini)
o Sometimes my hand would pain when I wake up.
(Terkadang tanganku sakit ketika bangun tidur)
• Hurt
We can also express the pain we feel by using the word
"hurt". "Hurt" is a transitive and intransitive verb. As a transitive verb or one followed by an object, “hurt” means “to hurt/make sick”. As an intransitive verb or one that doesn't need an object, "hurt" means "to feel pain". “Hurt” is a way of expressing pain, soreness, or widespread pain. That is, this word can be used in a variety of conditions associated with pain.
o My head hurts. Can I take a rest now?
(Kepalaku sakit. Bisakah aku beristirahat sekarang?) My leg hurts. I have an open wound in there.
(Ucapanmu kemarin membuat hatiku sakit) o The massage is hurting my body
(Pijatan membuatku sakit badanku)
o These shoes are too small, they’re hurting my feet.
(Sepatu ini kekecilan, sepatunya membuat kakiku sakit) o I’m still hurting, I need a break.
(Aku masih kesakitan, aku perlu beristirahat)
In addition to the three words above, we can also say pain with the following expressions.
o I have a fever. (Aku sedang demam) o I have a sunburn. (Kulitku terbakar) o I have a black eye. (Mataku biru/lebam)
o I have a broken leg/I broke my leg. (Kakiku patah) o I have a sore throat. (Tenggorokanku sakit/radang)
o I sprained my ankle/my ankle sprained. (Pergelangan kakiku keseleo)
ACTIVITY 1
Complete the sentence with appropriate words from the box!
1. Lisa’s ……. Were filled with tears.
2. Charlie nodded his …… to say yes.
3. Suzanne hears the birds singing in the woods with her……
4. Linda grabbed a handful of candies and stuffed her…..
5. The toddler stood on his…… for the first time.
6. Gabriel lifts heavyweights to tone his….. muscles.
7. Noah has a stuffy…… and can’t smell the flowers.
8. He said, Momma, my…… is full. Stop serving more food”.
9. My……. Are hurting, I can’t walk.
10. Priscilla raised her…….. to answer the question.
feet eyes hand nose
neck stomach see head
arm ears legs mouth
Reading Comprehension
“HEART”
Your heart is a muscle. It's located a little to the left of the middle of your chest, and it's about the size of your fist. There are lots of muscles all over your body - in your arms, in your legs, in your back, even in your behind. But this muscle is special because of what it does - the heart sends blood around your body. The blood provides your body with the oxygen and nutrients it needs. It also carries away the waste that your body has to get rid of.
Your heart is sort of like a pump or two pumps in one. The right side of your heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. The left side of the heart does the exact opposite: it receives blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. By the time you're grown up, your heart will be beating (pumping) about 70 times a minute.
How does the heartbeat? Before each beat, your heart fills with blood. Then it contracts to squirt the blood along. When something contracts, it squeezes tighter - try squeezing your hand into a fist.
That's sort of like what your heart does so it can squirt out the blood. Your heart does this all day and all night, all the time. Every day, an adult heart pumps 2,000 gallons (7,500 liters) of recycled blood by filling and contracting. The heart is one tough worker!
Source text: https://www.teach-nology.com/worksheets/science/human/ read/
Answer these questions based on the text!
1. Where is your heart located?
2. Where else can you find muscles in your body besides the heart?
3. Why do we need a heart?
4. Which organ(s) directly works with the heart?
Reading Comprehension
Read then answer these questions based on the text!
HUMAN BODY
The human body is made up of countless millions of cells.
Food is needed to build up new cells and replace the worn-out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called digestion.
The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive juice which moistens the food, so it can be swallowed easily.
From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing, and moving the food onwards.
In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.
Source: Soal Ujian Nasional SMA/MA 2015.
1. What is the text about?
A. The digestive system B. The digestive juice
C. The method of the digestive system D. The process of intestine work E. The food substances
2. How can we swallow food easily?
A. The food changes into acids absorbed by the villi.
B. The food must be digested first through the process.
the stomach.
D. The food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach.
E. The food we take must be changed into substances carried in the blood to the places.
3. From the text above, we imply that ….
A. a good process of the digestive system will help our body become healthier.
B. no one is concerned with the process of the digestive system for their health.
C. the digestive system is needed if we are eating the food instantly.
D. everybody must conduct the processes of the digestive system well.
E. the better we digest the food we eat, the healthier we will be.
4. “Human body is made up of countless millions of cells.”
(Paragraph 1). The underlined phrase means ….
A. produced B. managed C. arranged D. completed E. constructed
CHAPTER
6
Source picture: easypacelearning.com