4.1 Findings
4.1.2 Analysis of Modality Types in Jokowi’s Speech
4.1.2.2 Modalization
The modal used in this clause is “will”. The modal “will” in the clause including median level of inclination. This modal is followed by the verb continue. This modal used to explain that the next program is that to simplify the bureaucracy.
Jokowi’s show his firm determination to create a job for all of people, cut down the long procedures and trim the convoluted bureaucracy.
(iii) that I will remove [them].
From the example above, the modal which is used is “will”. This modal included in median value of inclination. The modal “will” express the speaker’s firm determination. This modal is follows by the verb “remove”. This modal used by Jokowi to tell toward the ministers, official, and bureaucrats to seriously guarantee the achievement of the goals of the programs. By this modal Jokowi implicitly insist them to do their job well.
In the example (i) and (ii) the modal type probability is “will”. In the clause “will”
is including in median value level. The modal is used to express something that probably happens. Both two clauses are actually connected each other. Jokowi predict about what probably happens in the future. What will happen if we repeatedly do the action. That action will be a habit and then will become a norm year by year, and consider as a rule in the future. It is the reason why our country cannot develop.
(iii) Both of these laws will be omnibus laws, namely a single law that revises several, even dozens of other laws.
(iv) Dozens of laws that hampers job creation will be revised at the same time.
The examples above clearly show that the modal used is modal auxiliary “will”.
This modal indicates something may happen in the future. By the used of modal
“will” the speaker expresses his opinion. The speaker tells too the audiences what probably happen after something else happen. After simplifying the obstructive regulation and pass the job creation law and enterprise empowerment law. These laws will be omnibus laws which receive several laws. In other words, omnibus law means a method of making regulations that combines several rules with different regulatory substances into one regulation.
(v) And later it might even be considered a law.” Continually just standing at the spot.
The example above, shows that the modal type probability is “might”. “Might” in the clause is including in low level. This modal also used to predict something
probably happens in the future. In this clause, Jokowi tell an action that consider as the rule before, possibly consider as a law later, if we do not move, and still keep doing the monotone routines.
(vi) This could be a big problem.
The example above, the modal probability is “could”. The modal “could” in this clause is including high level. In this clause the modal “could” express certainty that probably happens in the future. In his speech, Jokowi tells to the audience that if we don’t move and still doing those monotone routines, in the future it probably becomes a big problem for Indonesia.
(vii) This cannot be achieved with old methods.
In the example above, the modal probability is “cannot” with negative polarity. The modal “cannot” in the clause categorized as high level of probability. This modal shows certainty that to be true. The speaker expresses his opinion about the truth of something. Jokowi explains that to get on that way the new method should be applied.
4.1.2.2.2 Usuality
(i) I often remind the minister,
(ii) Oftentimes, bureaucrats will report to me
The modal adjunct “often” and “oftentimes” in the examples above indicate usuality. These modalities are median level modal of usuality. The word “often”
and “oftentimes” in the example (i) and example (ii) show about a habitual action.
The example (i) expresses about the habitual action of the speaker to remind the minister about their responsibility. Which Jokowi often remind the minister about their job and responsibility. The clause (ii) express that bureaucrats often reports to Jokowi that the programs has be done, there are no results from the action. Even, people didn’t feel the result from the program. The modalization - probability here expressed by both modal operator and modal adjunct.
Here, the findings show that the speaker used both modalization and modulation in his speech. The modality commonly used by Jokowi’s in his speech is modulation – obligation where the speaker expresses something required to do. Required, based on the level of obligation is a degree which is insists something obligatory. This means something that cannot be negotiated. Moreover, here Jokowi used the high degree of the value. The reason why Jokowi used most of modulation in his speech is to persuade audiences to take an action given together. The speaker also used modalization - probability where express the speaker’s judgement of the likelihood or probability about something happening, or how likely it is to be true.
Thus, from the findings above it can be interpreted that declarative clause frequently used in the speech rather than the type of interrogative and imperative one.
Declarative clause applied in Jokowi’s speech to share or giving information to the audiences. The information which is given mostly about the Indonesia since he talked about the future targets for Indonesia by 2045. And then the modality commonly applied is modulation ‘obligation’ where the speaker expresses something required to do.
Since, in political speech, it is very important for the speaker to provide information and demand services. Here, Jokowi as the speaker express certain messages to the audience that show about his political attitudes and assumptions. He also tries to demand and persuade the audience to take an action by the instructions given.
Therefore, declarative clauses mostly appeared in political speech, followed by imperative clause and then interrogative clauses. Moreover, the type of modulation – obligation commonly found in declarative clause.
4.2 Discussion
The findings show that there are 95 clauses found in Jokowi’s Inauguration speech.
The dominant of mood type adopted by Jokowi is Indicative type. The indicative type that mostly appeared in the speech with total occurrence 93 times or about 98%. Jokowi uses both declarative and imperative type in his inaugural speech.
However, the declarative type takes the higher place with the total occurrence 92 time or about 97%. Whereas the interrogative type occurs once or about 1%. This means that Jokowi uses declarative clause to give or share information to the audiences. In this speech Jokowi tends to persuade people by giving information through the declarative clause. While the interrogative clause which appears once or about 1%. The interrogative used by the speakers in the speech to demand information from the audiences. The speaker uses polar question or yes or no question type in order to gain the information. The interrogative clause not only functions for asking question and demanding information from the hearers, but also functions to maintain the interaction between the speaker and the hearers.
The imperative mood type also found in the speech. However, the imperative mood is presented but less frequently. The imperative mood is used by the speaker to command himself. Jokowi tries to express his great thankful to the state institutions, government and Bapak Muhammad Jusuf Kalla who had work with him for five years and oversees the government.
Whereas, in the type of modality, the researcher found that there are 38 of modality used by Jokowi in his speech. The distribution of modality indicates that Modulation – obligation and Modalization – probability are the types of modality frequently adopted by the speaker. While, the Modulation – inclination and Modalization – usuality are adopted but less frequently. However, Modulation type is the highest frequent used in the speech with total occurrence 20 times or about 53%. This means Jokowi uses proposals more than propositions in the clauses of modality.
Jokowi uses high and median values of Obligation in the data to assert his orders.
However, the use of different degree of Obligation shows different functions based on the situational context. The usage of high value Obligation functions to express something required to do and those cannot be negotiated. While the median value Obligation express something supposed to do but may can be negotiated.
The researcher found the high obligation with the usage of personal pronoun “we”
in the speech helps to emphasize and stress the desire of the speaker to invite the
audience to do the action for achieve the targets. Moreover, Jokowi mostly used the modality “must” to express the assertions of his order. While, the median Obligation used by Jokowi to express suggestions rather than assertions. Median obligation expressed by the modal “should” and “should not”.
The other types of modality that found in the speech is Probability and Usuality.
Probability functions to express something may happen in the future. The median probability is mostly adopted in the speech with the modal “will”. The modal “will”
used to predicts something in the future. The use of median Probability also expressed the promise of Jokowi to fulfil his obligation as president of the Republic Indonesia, fulfill all people’s rights and advance the country. While, the used of Usuality in the data is very limited. The Usuality type used to express oftenness or usuality from the speaker. Jokowi uses the median value of Usuality to show the action that mostly happens. Moreover, in this speech Jokowi uses the modal adjunct
“often” to show certain action usually do by the speaker.
However, there are significance note found in this research that is the similarity of modal operators used in the data which show different situations. The modal operator “will” are found both in the probability degree and inclination degree.
“Will” which categorize as median value has two function in the data. First, the modal “will” in Probability degree function to give information about what may happen in the future based on the speaker’s prediction. Second, “will” in Inclination degree functions to express speaker’s firm determination toward his country.
Hence, this finding demonstrated as what Halliday and Matthiessen (2014) stated that the different scale of modal commitment shows the different meanings.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
This chapter consists of two subchapters, they are conclusion and suggestion. The conclusions are derived from the findings and discussion. This chapter also provides some suggestion, especially for the politicians and government, English literature students and reader as whole.