4.1 Findings
4.1.2 Analysis of Modality Types in Jokowi’s Speech
4.1.2.1 Modulation
Modulation expressed by the modal markers of obligation and inclination.
4.1.2.1.1 Obligation
From the table, the total number of obligations found in the data is 17 including high and median value level. However, the highest frequency of obligation is the high value, followed by the median value level, while the low value level recorded
is zero frequency. The obligation is mostly presented through modal “must”, with few modal “have to” and “should”. The speaker used the obligation type of modality to insist on something required to or supposed to do by the listeners or even together with the speaker as in following examples:
(i) It must be coupled with hard work (ii) New methods must be developed
From the examples above, the modal which is used is “must”. This modal includes in high level of obligation which indicates something required to do. Jokowi uses
“must” for the purpose of arousing and building the sense of responsibility of the audience for their country. Jokowi shows his firm determination to become an advance country and insists the audiences to take strong actions to achieve their goals and targets, which we have to work hard and develop the new methods.
(iii) Third, we must simplify, cut down on and trim all forms of obstructive regulation.
In this example Jokowi uses the modal “must” to assert what have to be done by the government including himself. Jokowi tells to the audience about the third thing will be done in the next five years to realize the their wish that is by cut down on and trim all forms of obstructive regulation. Again, the modal auxiliary “must”
express about something required to do. This modal auxiliary categorized into high level degree of obligation.
(iv) [Civil service] echelons must be simplified.
The modal “must” in the example above indicates Obligation. The modal “must”
categorize as high value level. In this clause Jokowi emphasize something required to do. Jokowi assert that investment for job creation must be prioritized. Therefore, long procedures have to be cut and civil service need to be simplified.
(v) And we have to work quickly
(vi) We have to transform from dependence on natural resources to a competitive and modern manufacturing and service-based economy that has high added value for the prosperity of the nation and social justice for all the Indonesian people.
The term “have to in the example (v) and (vi) show urgent actions which required for the purpose of achieving the targets. In example (v) Jokowi asks people to work hard and quickly. That also must be accompanied by the productive works from the nation. That is what needed to realize Indonesia’s dream to become one of the top five advance country. While in example (vi) Jokowi insists to transform from dependence on natural resource to a competitive and modern manufacturing for the prosperity of the nation, for the sake of social justice for all Indonesian people. This is the last thing Jokowi puts in his last five things to do in the next five years.
Moreover, Jokowi balances the obligation by used the personal pronoun “we”
which is includes himself to do the action.
(vii) We should not get stuck in a monotone routine (viii) Innovation should become a culture.
In these clauses, the modality which is used is “should”. This modality is included in median level of obligation which indicates something supposed to do. However, in the clause (vii) there is negation “not” which means something that not supposed to do. The clause shows that Jokowi tells to the audiences that we cannot stay in a monotone routine forever, we supposed to move and innovate, which represents by the clause (viii).
4.1.2.1.2 Inclination
From the table, the total number of Inclination found in the data is 3. The modality of Inclination presents by the modal “will”. The modal auxiliary verb “will”
indicate median value degree. Jokowi used the inclination type to shows his firm determination to the audiences. Here, the inclination found in Jokowi’s speech:
(i) Second, we will continue infrastructure construction,
The modal used in the example above is “will”. This modal including median level of inclination. This modal shows a determination of the speaker. In this clause Jokowi express his strong desire. Jokowi tells that Indonesia’s dream is that to be an advance country, therefore there are several programs that must be done by all of people of Indonesia, which one of them is continue the infrastructure construction.
(ii) Fourth, we will continue to massively simplify the bureaucracy.
The modal used in this clause is “will”. The modal “will” in the clause including median level of inclination. This modal is followed by the verb continue. This modal used to explain that the next program is that to simplify the bureaucracy.
Jokowi’s show his firm determination to create a job for all of people, cut down the long procedures and trim the convoluted bureaucracy.
(iii) that I will remove [them].
From the example above, the modal which is used is “will”. This modal included in median value of inclination. The modal “will” express the speaker’s firm determination. This modal is follows by the verb “remove”. This modal used by Jokowi to tell toward the ministers, official, and bureaucrats to seriously guarantee the achievement of the goals of the programs. By this modal Jokowi implicitly insist them to do their job well.