OTHER SOUTH CAROLINA TRIBES

MooifEY] "I'HE

OONGAREE AND WATEREE.

81

More

than a ceutiiry later (in 1070) Lederer found tlieni apparently on the extreme nipper Yadkin, far northwest of their later location, withthe Shoccoree

and Eno

on their northeast

and

the Saraon their west. Itisprobable thatin this position theyAverenotfarfromwhere they

had

been found

by Pardo

in 15G7. Thereisreason tobelievethat the

name Wateree was

formerly applied to

Pedee and Yadkin

rivers iDStead of the stream

now known by

that

name

(Gregg, 8).

Pardo

describes the

Wateree

as differing from other Indians in being slaves, rather than subjects, to their chiefs, which agrees with

what Lawson

says of the Santee.

While

Lederer

was

stopping with the

Wateree

their chief sent out three warriors with orders to kill

some young women

of a hostile tribe in order that their spiritsmight servehis son,

who was

dying, in the other world. Inaccordancewith their instructionstheysoon returned withthescalpsand the skinfrom thefaces ofthree

young women.

Thesetrophiestheypresentedto the chiefwho, ^it is related,received

them

with grateful

acknowledgment

(Lederer, 12).

In the first half of the eighteenth century the

Wateree

lived on

Wateree

river in South Carolina, with the Congaree below

them and

the

Catawba and Waxhaw

above.

On

a

map

of 1715their village is

marked

onthe western

bank

of the river,perhaps about the present

Wateree

creek in Fairfield county. Moll's

map

^of 1730 jilaces their villageon the northern or eastern

bank

of the river,

and

Mills states definitelythatit

was

on Pinetree creek below

Camden

(Mills,5). It

seemstohave beenhere that

Law

son found

them

in 1701.

He

calls

them

in oneplace

"Wateree

Chickanee" Indians, thelatter part of the

compound

perhaps designating a particular

band

of the tribe.

He

describes

them

as tall

and

well built, friendly,butgreatpilferers

and

verylazy, even for Indians.

At

that time they

had

but few guns or otherarticles obtained from thewliites. Theirhouses wereas poor as their industry.

They

were a

much

larger tribe than the Congaree,

and

spoke a ditterent language (Lawson, 17).

The Yamasi war

in 1715 probably broketheir i)ower,

and

in 1743 they wereconsolidated withthe Catawba,

though

still constitutinga large village and retain- ingtheir distinct dialect (Adair, 9).

82 SIOUAN TRIBES OF THE

^EAST. [ethnuloct Nacliee.

—

^Adair, HistoryofAmericanIndians, 1775,p. 225.

Natchee.—fiouilx Carolina Gazette of 1734inRivers,Hist.S/JnthCarolina,1856,p. 38.

JVo/c7(('S.—Glen(1751) inGregg, History of theOldClieraws, 1867, p.14.

Notchees.

—

Uocnnientof1744 inibid., p.10.

Ashley BivirIndians.

—

(Same?).

Etewaus.

—

AlbanyConference(1751) in

New

YorkCol. Docs.,aoI.A'i, p. 721.

Etiwans.

—

^{Rivers, HistoryofSoutliCarolina, 1856,p. 37.}

Eutaiv.

—

Present geographic^form.

J/iiY(HS.—Rivers, Early Historyof SonthCarolina,1874, p.94 (misprint).

Itiawans.

—

^{Rivers, HistoryofSouthCarolina, 1856, p. 37.}

Hostaqita.

—

Laudouuicre (about1564) in French, Hist. Coll. Louisiana, 1869, vol.

vi, p.288.

Hostaque.

—

^Ibid.,p. 266.

Moustaqua.

—

Ibid.,p. 244.

Oustack.

—

Ledercr, Discoveries, 1672, p. 17.

7Fe«to8.— GallatininTrans,andColls.Am.AntiquarianSoc, 1836, vol. ii,p.83.

TFes^oes.—Archdale(1707) inRamsay,Hist.SouthCarolina,1809, vol. i, p. 34,note.

Stonoes.

—

Ibid., ji.83.

Jdusta.—BeBry, Brevis Karratio,1591, vol.ii,map.

Audiista.

—

Landounii're (1587) inHakluyt, V'oyages, 1600, vol.iii, p.379.

Eddisto.

— ^Map

^{of theProvinceof SouthCarolina,1760.}

Edisto.

—

Boweu, Mapof the BritishAmericanplantations, 1760.

Edistow.

—

^Harris,Voyages andTravels, 1705, vol.^i,map.

Orista.

—

Fontanedo(1.559) inTernaux-Compans, Voyages, 1841, vol. xx,p. 10.

Cris/flnH?H.—Brigstock inFrench, Hist. Coll. Louisiana, 1875, vol.^ii, p. 186,note.

Casor.—Documentof 1675 in Mills,History of SouthCarolina, 1826, app., p. ^1.

Cofao.

—

LaVaudera (1579) inFrench,Hist. Coll.Louisiana,1875, vol.^ii,p. 290.

Coosah.

—

^{Adair,HistoryofAmericanIndians,} 1775, p. 225.

Coosaw.

—

Mills, StatisticsofSouthCarolina,1826, map.

Cosah.

—

Ibid., p. 107.

Cozao.

—

LaVandera(1569) inFrench,Hist. Coll.Louisiana,1875, vol. ^ii,p. 290.

Kissah.

—

Mills, op.^cit.,p.107.

Kusco.

—

MolljMaj) of Carolina, 1720 (misprint).

Kussoe.

—

^{Documentof 1671 inRivers,History of SouthCarolina, 1856,p. 372.}

Chicora.

—

Fontanedo(1559) inTernaux-Compans, Voyages,1841, vol.xx,p.16(same?).

Corsaboys.

—

^{Documentof 1719inRivers, History ofSouthCarolina,1874,p. 93.}

Ciisabees.

—

Rivers, History of SouthCarolina, 1856, p.^38.

Cusoboe.

—

Mills, StatisticsofSouthCarolina, 1826,p. 107.

Cussobos.

—

^Simms,History of South Carolina, _{1860, p.}56.

' Santee

and

Congaree riversprobably formed theapproximate south^•

em

^limitofthe Siouaii tribesoftheeast. Thereisnoreasonforassign- ingto this stock

any

tribes farther southward along the Atlantic coast.

As

the history of all these Indians is closely interwoven,however, a fewnoteson the remaining tribes of South Carolina between Santee

and Savannah

rivers

may

^properly beintroduced.

CheroTcee.

— The

Cherokee tribe, of Iroquoian stock, occupied theter- ritory of

what

are

now

the seven upper counties along the Savannah, extending

down

to the

mouth

of

Broad

river. Being a well-known

SIOIAN

MOONEY]

MISCELLANEOUS SOUTH CAROLINA

TRIBES.

83

tribe, with au extensive territoryembracing" large portions of several presentstates, nothing

more

need besaid, of theseIndians here.

Shawano.

— ^Below

^{theCherokeeterritoryonthe}

Savannah

there

was

animportant

band

ofthe

Shawano,

locally

known

as

Savannah

Indians, of Algonqnian stock, having their principal village nearly opposite Angnsta.

The

river takes its

name

from the tribe.

They moved

northward intoPennsylvania about theyear 1700.

Uvhi.

— Lower down

on both sides of the

Savannah

were located the Uchitribe, whichconstituted adistinct linguistic stock (Uchean).

The remnant

of thetribeare

now

incorporated with theCreek.

They

were probablyidentical with the "Cofitachiqui" of

De

Soto's chroni- clers, atribe

whose

villageis supposed

by

the best authorities tohave beenlocated atthe siteof Silver Bluff, on the Savannah,in Barnwell county. South Carolina, about25 miles

by

waterbeloAV Augusta.

Saluda.

— The

territory of theSaluda Indians is

marked

on Jefferys'

map

of 1761, south of Saludariver, aboutthe present Columbia, with a statement that they

had removed

to Conestoga in Pennsylvania.

There seemsto be nootheroriginal reference tothis tribe.

They may have

beenidenticalwiththe Assiwikale,

who removed

from SouthCaro- lina about 1700,

and

in 1731 wereliving with the

Shawano

partly on the

Susquehanna and

partly on the Alleghany.

Notchee.

— ^The

^{tribe called} "Natchee," "Kotchees," etc., in early documents, do not

seem

to

have

been native to South Carolina, but were probablyidentical with the Natchez of Mississippi.

Although

at firstthoughtit

might

appear improbable that a tribeoriginallyliv-

ingon the Mississippi could afterward have been domiciled near the Savannah, itisno

more

impossible than that a

Savannah

tribe could

have removed

to the

Susquehanna

or tothe Ohio, as

was

the case with the

Shawano,

orthat atribe onthe

Yadkin

could have emigrated to Canada,as

was

the case with the Tutelo.

The

Natchez,

who

lived originallyon the eastern

bank

of the Mis- sissippi, aboutthesiteofthe presentcityofNatchez,

became

involved in a

war

with the

French

in 1729 which resulted in theircomplete destruction as a tribe intlie following year.

The

remnant, disorgan- ized, but stillconsiderablein numl)ers, fled in different directions.

A

few crossed the Mississippi

and

were lost in the swami)sofLouisiana;

many

took refuge with the Chickasaw,

who

thus

drew down

on them- selvesthe angerof tlieFrench.

A

large

body

fled tothe Creek tribe,

among whom

theyhave ever since retained adistinct existence, after-

ward

removingwith thattribetoIndianTerritory. In 1799their village on Coosa river in

Alabama

contained several

hundred

souls. Others, again, joined the Cherokee,

and

according to i)ersonal information of theauthor they

had

adistinct village

and

language on Valleyriver in westernNorthCarolinaaboutninety yearsago.

As

theCreek

and

Cher- okee both bordered on Carolina,while the

Chickasaw

werein alliance with that government as against the French, it is easy to see

how

84 SIOUAN TRIBES OF THE

^EAST. _[e?hnologt

people of a

dismembered

tribescattered

among

theseotlierscouldhave fouud their

way

^into that province.

A body

of the

Chickasaw

them- selves at one time

removed

from the Mississippi

and

settled on the

Savannah

in South Carolina, in tlie neighborhood of the present Augusta;

and

according to Adair the South Carolina traders them- selves instigated therising of the Natchez, their

message

being con- veyedtothattribethroughthe

medium

of the

Chickasaw

(Adair,10).

ItAvas but natural, therefore,thatthe defeated

and

extirpated Katchez should turn to Carolina forsupport

and

shelter.

While

allthe other tribes of Soutli Carolina hitherto noted or men- tioned hereafter appear early in the history of that colony, the first notice of the Notchee didnotappear until 1734, fourorliveyearsafter thefirst Natchez war. In that year, it is related,a delegation of 26

"Natchee"

Indians appliedtothe

government

ofSouthCarolinafor per- missionto settletheirtril)eon the

Savannah

(Rivers, anon.,1).

By

this time theold Natcliezwere probablyalready scattered

among

theChick-

asaw and

Creek

and

theClierokee,thosewiththe last-namedtribebeing settledin western North Carolina. Permission

was

evidently given, forin1744 the

"Notchees"

arementioned,in connectionwith thePedee, as having killed

some Catawba

in a

drunken

quarrel, as a result of which the Notchee

and Pedee had

fled

down

to the white settle-

ments

to escape the vengeanceof theCatawba,

and

the colonial gov- ernment

was

compelled to interfere(Gregg, 9). In thepreceding year the

"Nachee"

arementioned as one of thetribes incorporated with the Catawba, but retaining their distinct dialect (Adair, 11). It isprob-

ablt!that theresult of thisquarrel

was

to separate theNotcheeper- manently from the

Catawba

and cause

them

to

make

theirresidence thereafterlower

down among

the settlements, in the neighborlioodof the Pedee, asin 1751 the ''Notchees," Pedee,

and

several others are

named

astribes living in South Carolina

among

the settlements,

and

in Avhose behalfthecolonial

government

effected a i)eace with theIro quois (N. Y.,22).

A

fewyearslater theyseemto have

moved up

again

and

joined the Cherokee, for in 1755 they are twice mentioned as having been concernedwith thattribe inkilling

some Pedee and Wac- camaw among

the white settlements(Cregg, 10). Thisappears tobe thelastreferenceto

them

in the South Carolinarecords.

Etiwaw.

— ^The

^tribe

^known

^as

^Etiwaw

^or

^Eutaw

^lived about Ash- ley

and Cooper

rivers,in

what

is

now

Berkeleycounty,extending east-

ward

abouttothesiteof the present

Monks

Corner,wheretheirhunting grounds bordered the

Sewee

country.

The

Santee

and

Congaree M^ereabove

them

(Rivers, anon., 2). Their

memory

ispreservedin the

name

of

Eutaw

Springs or Eutawville.

The

tribal

name

is derived fromthe

Catawba word

itawa, "pinetree" (Gatschet).

They

were one of the small coast tribes collectively

known

as Cusabo,

and

were probably identical with the tribe sometimes mentioned as "Ashley River Indians."

They

were never prominent,

and

from their prox-

SIOUAN

MOONEY]

MISCELLANEOUS SOUTH CAROLINA

TRIBES.

85

iuiityto the settlements soon dwindled into insignificance. In Janu- ary,171."),just before the

Yamasi

war, they

Lad

asingle village with a popnlatiou of 240 souls (Rivers, 3).

They

were probably

much

reduced

by

that war,

and

nothing

more

isheard of

them

until 1751,

when

they are mentioned as oneof the small tribesfor

whom

the SoutiiCarolina government

made

peace withthe Iroquois (IST. Y., 23).

Westoand Sto)io.

—

^Lederer

^and

^{other earlyobservers refer to two}

tribes living between Ashley

and

Edisto rivers,

known

as the

Westo and

Stono, the latter probablyoccupying the coast along Stonoriver

and

^inlet.

From

the nature of the referencesit is probable thatboth tribesextended

some

distance intothe interior.

They

seem generally to haveacted together,

and

were steadily hostile to the early South Carolina settlers.

They

were

among

the tribes collectively

known

as Cusabo.

The Westo

seem to be identical with the

Hostaqua

men- tioned

by

Laudonniere about1564,

and

Aviththe

Oustack

of Lederer, described

by him

as being brave fighters, at

war

in 1(370 with the

Ushery

(Catawba),

who

were separated from

them by what

hecalls alake, probably an overflow ofthe Santee (Lederer, 13).

The Westo and

Stono

made war

on the settlements about Charles- ton in 1G69-'71,

and

againin 1074,

when

a force of volunteers

had

to beraised against

them

(Gatschet, Legend, 2). In 1G80 they

became

involvedin a

war

with the

Savannah

(Shawano),

by whom

^theywere totally defeated

and

driven out of the country (Gallatin, 1).

What became

of

them

is

unknown,

but they

may have

gonesouthward into theSpanish territory of Florida, as did the

Yamasi

thirty-fiveyears later.

Edisto.

— A

tribe appears to

have

occupied the country along the lower part of Edisto river,

and

their

name

is preserved inthat of the river5 but as the coast region

was

occupied in later times

by

small

bauds

havinglocal ratherthan tribal

names

^itis impossible to locate

them

definitely. Theircountryis called the province of Crista

by

the earlySpanishwriters,

and Audusta by

Laudonniere. Edistoisthelater English form.

The Huguenots

of Eibault's colony received afriendly

welcome

from

them

in 1562,

and

the Si^aniardsfor

some

time

had

a mis- sion

among

them.

They

arementioned in connection with the Stono, Westo,

and Savannah

as still living in the

same

region

when

the English settlementswere establishedinSouthCarolina in1670.

They

disappear from historysoon after,

and may have

been driven outof the countrytogether with the

Westo and

Stono in the

war waged

against the last-namedtribes

by

the

Savannah

in 1680.

Coosa.

— Another

tribelived abcmt the

mouth

of theEdistoor

Com-

bahee

whose

name, Cusso orCoosaw, is preservedin

Coosaw and

Coo- sawhatchee, streams entering the sea on either sideof Saint Helena island. According to Rivers they lived northeast of

Combahee

river,

which separated

them

from the

Combahee

tribe (Rivers, anon., _3).

They

appear tobe identicalwiththe Couexiof the

Huguenot

colonists

86 SIOUAN

TRIBES

OF THE

^EAST. [e?hnolog?

in 1562

and

withtlie Cogao of

La

Vaiidera's Spanish narrative of1569.

They

are noted as hostile tothe Englishin 1671 (Rivers, anon., 4). In 1675 thechiefsof^"great

and

lesserCasor^" soldatractlyingonKiawah, Stono,

and

Edisto rivers,

and

in1684 there isa record of anothersale of land

by

the chief of ^" Kissah^" (Mills, 6).

They

arementionedas

"Kussoes" in theSonthCarolina trade regulationsin1707,

and

appear last under the

name

of "Coosah^" as one of the tribes incorporated withtheCatawba, butstill preservinga^{distinctdialect in}1743 (Adair, 12).

The name

is identicalwith that of a leadingdivision ofthe Creek, but this fact, or that of their iinal union with the Catawba, j)roves nothing as to their linguistic affinities. Itis probable, however, that, like their neighbors, the Yamasi, they were of

Muskhogean

stock.

If not, they

may

have been

Uchean

rather than cognate with the Catawba.

Cusaho.

— The

coast tribes betweenAshley river

and

the

Savannah

were

known

collectively as Cusabo.

The name was

elastic in its application, and included the Etiwaw, Westo, Stono, Edisto,

and

Cusso, as well as smaller local bands immediately along the coast,

among

which were the

Kiawaw,

on

Kiawah

island;

Combahee,

on

Combahee

river;

Wapoo,

on

Wapoo

river;

Wimbee

(location not def- initely ascertained),

and

SaintHelenaIndiansorSanta Elenaoftheold Spanish writers, onthe island of that name. In its restrictedsense theterm

was

applied to these smaller

bands

which

had

lesscompact organization than those firstnamed. Their territoryistheChicora of D'

Ay

^lion

^and

^{otherearlySpanish} adventurers. This term Gatschet

is disj)Osed to derive from the

Catawba

Yuchi-Mre, ^"Yuchi arethere,"

or

"Yuchi

overthere," which interpretation, ifcorrect,

would

indicate thatthey wereof

Uchean

stock. Thereisreason tobelievethatthese earlypeople of Chicorawere practicallyexterminated

by

theraids of Spanish slavers or

by

later JMniskliogean invaders,

and

thatthe coast tribes found in this region i i.the eighteenth century were of

Musk- hogean

origin, alliedto the I'amasi

and

Creek.

In January, 1715, the "Cori^>aboys,"

by

which,

we

are to understand the smaller localcoast bands, were reported to havefive villageswith 295 souls.

A

few

months

later

came

the

Yamasi

war, the

most

terri- blein thehistory ofcolonial South Carolina, resulting before theend of the year in the expulsion

and

''utter extirpation" of the

Yamasi

and

severalothertribes, including the

Cusabo

(Rivers, 4).