There are some previous studies from several previous researchers, The first research was conducted by Nova Falihah, Eri Rahmawati, Akhmad Baihaqi (2022), with the titlle “EFL Students’ Difficulties in Writing Narrative Text at SMAN 1 Ciomas, Serang.”69 In this research they used qualitative case study method. To collect the data in this study, the researchers used observation, questionnaire, and supported by documentation. The result of this study is tudents have difficulty in writing correct sentences, using the appropriate tenses, using the appropriate vocabulary, and difficulty in expressing the ideas. These four difficulties were the most agreed-upon statements with 69% choosing the agree option.
Based on the difficulties faced above, it can be concluded that students have difficulties in grammar and vocabulary. Then, the study results also showed two factors causing students' difficulties in writing narrative texts; students have limited vocabulary and cannot write structured sentences according to correct grammar. Two factors that caused students’ difficulties were the
69 Falilah, Rahmawati, Baihaqi, “EFL Students’ Difficulties in Writing Narrative Text,”
hal 4.
40
most agreed-upon statements with 75% of students each selecting the Agree option. It can be concluded that the cause of students' difficulties is limited vocabulary and students do not understand grammar well.
The second research was conducted by Gumus, the tittle is “An Investigation into Pre-Service EFL Teachers’ L2 Writing Difficulties and Their Views and Preferences on Tutors’ Feedback (2019)”. In this research researhcher found L2 writing instructors might not be aware of students’
views and perceptions of written feedback. In addition, they may not have a solid idea on how much feedback they should provide and how students will react to different types of feedback. Therefore, it is expected that this study will provide greater insights of L2 writing students’ views and preferences related to different feedback types based on the L2 writing difficulties they face. The researcher was used qualitative method to gather information regarding the research questions. Writing difficulties of a group of pre-service EFL teachers and their views and preferences regarding four types of feedback might allow an understanding of these issues from learners’ perspectives. The data gathered from the participants’ learning diaries showed that the most problematic area in writing an essay for the participants was the use of grammar. This was followed by the problems in the use/choice of vocabulary, generating ideas, punctuation, spelling and text organization.
The third research was conducted by Isna Wahyumi, with the tittle is
“An Analysis of Students Ability and Difficulties in Writing Descriptive Text (A Study at Second Grade of SMPN 3 Bontonompo. 2019)”. The
41
research analyzed the students’ ability and difficulties in writing especially in descriptive text. The researcher intends to conduct an descriptive qualitative research entitled. Based on the result of the test, the researcher finds out the students mean score, that is 12,5. This means that the students’
ability was very poor and need more efforts to improved. It means, almost all of students have the difficulties in writing descriptive text.
The fourth research was conducted by Za'in, Diana Lisa, entitled “An Investigation of Students’ Problem in Writing Recount Text of the Eight Grade of SMPN 4 Bandar Lampung in the Academic year of 2016/2017”.70 the researches used descriptive qualitative research and analyze the students difficulties. According to her research findings, some percentages of students' recount text difficulties include content (4.0%), organization (14.23%), vocabulary (2.05%), language (33.71), and mechanics (45.90%).
Most students have problems with mechanics, according to the findings of Diana's research, which was conducted in the eighth grade of SMPN 4 Bandar Lampung.
The fifth research was conducted by Muliani, Norahmi, Asi, under the titled is the “Analysis Difficulties in Narrative Text at ninth grade of SMP Negeri 11 Palangka Raya in the academic year 2018/2019”.71 The researcher was used descriptive qualitative data collection used observation, dokumentation and questionnaire. Research and analyze the students difficulties The researcher looked at issues with the language and generic
70 Za’in, “An Investigation of Students Problem Writing Recount Text at Eight of SMPN 4 Bandar Lampung,” 35.
71 Muliani, Norahmi, and Asi, “The Analysis of difficulties in writing narrative Text,” 33.
42
structure of narrative texts and found that 8 students (or 40%) of the 20 students had trouble creating the generic structure of narrative texts. The researcher identified four different types of student challenges in the general narrative text structure. Furthermore, 10 students (50%) of the 20 students had difficulty using the language features of narrative texts. Most of students seemed to have trouble using past tenses, especially verb tenses.
Based on the research above the researcher wants to conduct the research about students’ difficulties in Narrative Text at SMAN 2 Ponorogo.
the researcher is interested analyzing students' difficulties in writing Narrative Text in languages features about the grammatical, puncuation, spelling, vobullary and handwriting. Furthermore, This school was chosen because this school used Merdeka Curriculum where the Curriculum is the newest, that has just been implemented and applied in this year and there have been many structural changes in the syllabus of Narrative Text material from the previous curriculum namely K13. In addition, at this school, there has never been any research related to the difficulties Narrative Text.
Table 2.1
Similarities and Differences with Previous Studies No Researcher’sَّnameَّ
and title
Similarities Diffirences 1. Nova Falihah, Eri
Rahmawati, Akhmad Baihaqi (2022). The titlle is “EFL Students’
Difficulties in Writing Narrative Text at SMAN 1 Ciomas, Serang
Both research analysis students’ difficulties in writing narrative text
Data collection of research, the previous research used observation, questionnaire and dokumentation
43 2. Gumus (2019), the
tittle is “An Investigation Into Pre- Service EFL Teachers’
L2 Writing
Difficulties And Their
Views And
Preferences On Tutors’ Feedback
Both research analysis students’ difficulties in writing
Different title the previous reserch is writing difficulties and their views and preferences on tutors’
feedback and the resercher
3. Isna Wahyumi (2019).
The tittle is “An Analysis of Students
Ability and
Difficulties in Writing Descriptive Text (A Study at Second Grade
of SMPN 3
Bontonompo.
Both research analysis students’ difficulties in writing
Different title the previous reserch is writing difficulties in descriptive text
4. Za'in, Diana Lisa.
entitled “An
Investigation of Students’ Problem in Writing Recount Text of the Eight Grade of SMPN 4 Bandar Lampung in the Academic year of 2016/2017
Both research analysis students’ difficulties in writing
Data collection of research
used descriptive
qualitative and different title writing in recount text
5. Muliani, Norahmi, Asi. The titled is the
“Analysis Difficulties in Narrative Text at ninth grade of SMP Negeri 11 Palangka Raya in the academic year 2018/2019
Both research analysis students’ difficulties in writing narrative text
The reserch used descriptive qualitative and the data collection used observation, questionnaire and dokumentation
44 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A. Research Design
This study used qualitative research to analyze the difficulties faced by students in writing Narrative text. According to Craswell, qualitative research is a technique for examining and analyzing the meaning that individuals or groups attach to a social or human issue. The research used qualitative research with a case study method.72 Therefore, in this study, the researchers employed a qualitative approach in describing the data obtained as a result of a study. Through this kind of research, we can look at the different things that influence people's behavior or whether they like or dislike something.73
According to Frankel and Wallen, a case study is a research that investigates the quality of relationships, activities, situations, or materials frequently referred to as qualitative research.74. According to Nunan's classification of research design, this study was in the context of discourse analysis because it examined authentic data that was generated spontaneously rather than elicited experimentally.75 According to the findings of this qualitative study, the aspect of students' Writing difficulties during the second semester of the tenth grade at SMAN 2 Ponorogo.
72 Creswell, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches, Vol. 12,:40.
73 Kothari, Research Methodology, Methode & Techniques, 2–3.
74 Fraenkel and Wallen, How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education, 142.
75 Nunan, Research Method in Language Learning, 74.
45 B. Researcher’sَّRoleَّ
In this study, the researcher acts as a research instrument. As a research instrument, researcher conducted interviews, questionnaires, documentation and collected data related to the students’ difficulties in writing narrative text at SMAN 2 Ponorogo. Researcher also investigated the factors causes and ways to overcome the students’ difficulties in writing narrative text. Researcher took data from participant such as teacher and students.