CHAPTER IV DATA DESCRIPTION, DISCUSSION, AND TRUSTWOTHINESS
4. Texts in English
Related to what extent the texts in English match the requirements of genre for grade X Senior High School and criteria of good texts aspects, the researcher describes the data as follows:
a. Genre for grade X Senior High School The qualification of genre for grade X Senior High School aspects are described as follows:
1). Genre
In terms of choosing genre required for grade X Senior High School, all the texts used are in accordance with genre stated in Standard of Competence and Basic Competence (4). The data are presented as follows:
Table 4.79. Matching the Genre for Grade X
Unit Title Genre SCORE
Total Average Sub Variable 1
(The use of genre required in SBC)
1 The Proclamation Recount 4 4 4
2 A King and Two Servants
Narative 4 4 4
3 Sour Cream-Prune Pie
Procedure 4 4 4
4
Hydroponics:
Farming without Soil
Descriptive 4 4 4
5 Flood-borne Diseases
News Item 4 4 4
Based on the data, each text is intended as a model for genre required for grade X Senior High School. From the text presented it can be identified easily that the text belongs to certain genre. It means that the texts are excellent in using genre required in Standard of Competence and Basic Competence.
2). Purpose
In terms of the purpose of the texts, the data show that all of the texts have purpose based on the purpose of the texts in Standard of Competence and Basic Competence (4). The data are presented in the following table:
Table 4.80. Fulfilling the Function of the Text
Unit Title Genre SCORE
Total Average Sub Variable 1
(The function of the texts in SBC)
1 The Proclamation Recount 4 4 4
2 A King and Two Servants
Narative 4 4 4
3 Sour Cream-Prune Pie
Procedure 4 4 4
4 Hydroponics:
Farming without Soil
Descriptive 4 4 4
5 Flood-borne Diseases News Item 4 4 4
Based on the data, the purpose of each text can be easily recognized and considered fullfil the indicator (4). It indicates that the texts are excellent in terms of the purpose of the text.
3). Generic Structure
In terms of generic structure, the data show that the textbook provides texts that posses correct generic structure. All the texts are developed based on the basic pattern of the generic structures and they can be easily recognized (4). All data are presented in the following table:
Table 4.81. Include the Basic Pattern of the Text Unit Title Genre
SCORE
Total Average Sub Variable 1
(The use of basic patern of the text in SBC)
1 The Proclamation Recount 4 4 4
2 A King and Two Servants
Narative 4 4 4
3 Sour Cream- Prune Pie
Procedure 4 4 4
4 Hydroponics:
Farming without Soil
Descriptive 4 4 4
5 Flood-borne News Item 4 4 4
Based on the data, the texts presented as models are developed based on generic structures that are more than basic requirements (4). It means that the generic structures possessed by the texts are excellent.
4). Grammatical Features
In terms of grammatical features, the data indicate that the writers of the texts use basic tense for genre required in Standard of Competence and Basic Competence and use material process in presenting information. Temporal conjuction is used in recount text and relational process are for descriptive and news item texts. Mental process is not used in any text. The data are presented in the following table:
Table 4.82. Grammatical Features of the Text
Unit Title Genre
SCORE
Total Average Note
Sub Variable 1
(The use of basic tense for
genre required in SBC)
Sub Variable 2
(The use of material process)
Sub Variable 3
(The use of temporal conjunctio
n)
Sub Variable 4
(The use of mental process)
Sub Variable 5
(The use of relational
process)
1 The Proclama tion
Recount
4 4 4 0 0 12 2,4
Even though each text does not possess all indicators, it does not influence the flow of information 2
A King and Two Servants
Narative
4 4 0 0 4 12 2,4
3 Sour Cream- Prune Pie
Procedure
4 4 0 0 0 8 1,6
4
Hydropo nics:
Farming without Soil
Descriptive
4 4 0 0 4 12 2,4
5
Flood- borne Diseases
News Item
4 4 0 0 4 12 2,4
Based on the data, each text uses basic tense for genre required and other features that really become characteristics of certain genre to signal the
information. Thus it is interpreted that grammatical features of the texts can be grouped as adequate.
b. Criteria of good texts
Criteria of good texts concern with interest, exploitability, readability, topic, cultural suitability, and appearance. The data on such aspects are described as follows:
1). Interest
The data indicate that one text strongly stimulates personal involvement (4), one text is good enough to stimulate personal involvement (3), and three texts need no help to make it interesting. The data on this aspect are presented in the following table:
Table 4.83. Attractiveness of the Text Unit Title Genre
SCORE
Total Average Sub Variable 1
(The attractiveness of the text) 1 The
Proclamation
Recount 3 3 3
2 A King and Two Servants
Narative 4 4 4
3 Sour Cream- Prune Pie
Procedure 2 2 2
4
Hydroponics:
Farming without Soil
Descriptive
2 2 2
5 Flood-borne Diseases
News Item 2 2 2
The data above indicate that the narrative text which contains story in target language area is considered excellent in fullfing the indicator related to attractiveness. Three texts are grouped as weak and one text is considered adequate in this terms.
2). Exploitability
In this aspect, the data indicate that there are three texts which have correspondence to the aim of reading lesson and those delineated in syllabus (4),
and two texts are appropriate with general objective of reading lesson (3). The data are presented in the following table:
Table 4.84. The Objective of Reading Lesson Unit Title Genre
SCORE
Total Average
Sub Variable 1 (Correspondence
to the aim of reading lesson)
Sub Variable 2 (Correspondence to those delineated
in syllabus)
1 The Proclamation Recount 3 3 6 3
2 A King and Two Servants
Narative 4 4 8 4
3 Sour Cream- Prune Pie
Procedure 4 4 8 4
4
Hydroponics:
Farming without Soil
Descriptive
4 3 7 3,5
5 Flood-borne Diseases
News Item 4 4 8 4
Based on the data, three texst have aims which are in accordance to the aims of reading lesson and those delineated in syllabus. It means that the texst are excellent in possessing the aim of reading lesson. two texts can be used to apply more than one strategy in which they can be intepreted as good in terms of exploitability.
3). Readability
In terms of readability, the researcher describes the data about how easily the text can be read and understood. It concerns with some aspects. In presenting the information, the data show that all the texts present information clearly (4). The data are presented in the following table:
Table 4.85. Organization of Information
Unit Title Genre
SCORE
Total Average Sub Variable 1
(The clear of presenting information)
1 The Proclamation Recount 4 4 4
2 A King and Two Servants Narative 4 4 4
3 Sour Cream-Prune Pie Procedure 4 4 4
4 Hydroponics: Farming without Soil
Descriptive 4 4 4
5 Flood-borne Diseases News Item 4 4 4
Based on the data, it is concluded that all of the texts fulfill the indicator.
It means that the texts are excellent in presenting information clearly.
In terms of presentation of action in logical manner, the data indicate that the actions in the texts are presented in logical manner (follow a common thread with logical continuity) (4). The data are presented in the following table:
Table 4.86. Followinga Common Thread with Logical Continuity Unit Title Genre
SCORE
Total Average Sub Variable 1
(The presentation of action in logical manner)
1 The Proclamation Recount 4 4 4
2 A King and Two Servants
Narative 4 4 4
3 Sour Cream-Prune Pie
Procedure 4 4 4
4
Hydroponics:
Farming without Soil
Descriptive
4 4 4
5 Flood-borne Diseases
News Item 4 4 4
Based on the data, it is interpreted that all texts in this English textbook can be easily understood because of presenting information in logical manner. It means that all of the texts are excellent in presenting the actions.
In terms of involving simple and direct action, the data show that all the texts involve the actions considered direct and simple (4). The data are presented in the folowing table:
Table 4.87. Involving Direct and Simple Action Unit Title Genre
SCORE
Total Average
Sub Variable 1 (The involvement of
direct action)
Sub Variable 2 (The involvement
of simple action) 1 The
Proclamation
Recount 4 4 8 4
2 A King and Two Servants
Narative 4 4 8 4
3 Sour Cream- Prune Pie
Procedure 4 4 8 4
4
Hydroponics:
Farming without Soil
Descriptive
4 4 8 4
5 Flood-borne Diseases
News Item 4 4 8 4
The data above indicate that the total average of sub variable 3 is 4 in fulfilling the indicators. It is interpreted that the texts are excellent in terms of involving direct and simple actions.
In terms of using context clues to explain unusual word, the data show that there is no context clue used in presenting the information (0). The data of such variable are presented in the following table:
Table 4.88. Using Context Clues to Explain Unusual Words Unit Title Genre
SCORE
Total Average
Sub Variable (The use of clues for unusual words)
Sub Variable 2 (The easiness of recognizing the
clues) 1 The
Proclamation
Recount 0 0 0 0
2 A King and Two Servants
Narative 0 0 0 0
3 Sour Cream- Prune Pie
Procedure 0 0 0 0
4
Hydroponics:
Farming without Soil
Descriptive
0 0 0 0
5 Flood-borne Diseases
News Item 0 0 0 0
Based on the data, all of the texts do not use context clue to explain certain word. It means that the texts are totally lacking in using context clues to explain unusual word.
In terms of using short sentence, the data present that 4 texts mostly use short sentences in presenting the information (4). One text contain some long sentences. The data are presented in the following table:
Table4.89. Using Short Sentences
Unit Title Genre SCORE
Total Average
Sub Variable 1 (The use of short
sentence)
1 The Proclamation Recount 3 3 3
2 A King and Two Servants Narative 4 4 4
3 Sour Cream-Prune Pie Procedure 4 4 4
4 Hydroponics: Farming without Soil
Descriptive 4 4 4
5 Flood-borne Diseases News Item 4 4 4
The data above indicate that four texts get 4 in fulfilling the indicator. It means that all texts are excellent in terms of using short sentences. one text is considered good in terms of using short sentences.
In terms of organizing the information in paragraph, the data indicate that four texts present the information in paragraphs (4). One text cannot fulfill the indicator. The data of such variable are presented in the following table:
Table 4.90. Organizing the Information in Paragraph
Unit Title Genre
SCORE
Total Average Indicator 1
(The use of paragraph to present the information)
1 The Proclamation Recount 4 4 4
2 A King and Two
Servants
Narative 4 4 4
3 Sour Cream-Prune Pie Procedure 1 1 1
4 Hydroponics: Farming without Soil
Descriptive 4 4 4
5 Flood-borne Diseases News Item 4 4 4
Based on the data, four texts have average 4 in fulfiling the indicator.
For this reason, it is interpreted that the four texts are excellent in presenting information using paragraph. one text is graded as weak in terms of using paragraph to present information.
In terms of explaining one idea or concept, the data show that all texts discuss one idea (4). The data are presented in the following table:
Table 4.91. Explaining One Idea or Concept
Unit Title Genre SCORE
Total Average Indicator 1
(Addresing one new concept)
1 The Proclamation Recount 4 4 4
2 A King and Two Servants
Narative 4 4 4
3 Sour Cream-Prune Pie Procedure 4 4 4
4 Hydroponics: Farming without Soil
Descriptive 4 4 4
5 Flood-borne Diseases News Item 4 4 4
Based on the data, each text presented as model contains only one new concept. It means that the materials are excellent in explaining one idea or concept.
In terms of using simple grammar and introducing linguistics items in appropriate context, the data show that all the texts present the information by using simple grammar and use meaningful context to introduce linguistics item (4). The data are presented in the following table:
Table 4.92. Using Simple Grammar and Introduce Linguistics Item in Appropriate Context
Unit Title Genre
SCORE
Total Average Indicator 1
(The use simple grammar)
Indicator 2 (The use of meaningful context
to introduce linguistics items) 1 The
Proclamation
Recount 4 4 8 4
2 A King and Two Servants
Narative 4 4 8 4
3 Sour Cream- Prune Pie
Procedure 4 4 8 4
4
Hydroponics:
Farming without Soil
Descriptive
4 4 8 4
5 Flood-borne Diseases
News Item 4 4 8 4
The data above indicate that all of the texts have average 4 which can be considered that they fulfill the indicators. It indicates that the texts are excellent in using simple grammar and meaningful context to introduce linguistics items.
In terms of providing visual supports to aid comprehension toward the ideas in the text, the data indicate that the texts provide limited visuals to support comprehension. All visuals used are related to the topic but they give different contribution in understanding the texts. The data are presented in the following table:
Table 4.93. Providing Visual Supports to Aid Comprehension Unit Title Genre
SCORE
Total Average
Indicator 1 (The use of visual support)
Indicator 2 (The use of relating
visual)
Indicator 3 (The contribution
of visual) 1 The
Proclamation
Recount 1 4 4 9 3
2 A King and Two Servants
Narative 1 4 2 7 2,33
3 Sour Cream- Prune Pie
Procedure 1 4 1 6 2
4
Hydroponics:
Farming without Soil
Descriptive
2 4 2 8 2,67
5 Flood-borne Diseases
News Item 1 4 1 6 2
Based on the data, it is concluded that only two texts has average 2 in fulfiling the indicators. It means the texts are adequate related to providing visuals to support comprehension. One text has average 2,33 in fulfilling the indicators which can be also grouped into adequate level. two texts are considered as good for the reason of having average 2,67 and 3 in terms of providing visual to aid comprehension.
Related to the way the text is broken, the data show that there is one text broken into heading, spacing, and listing (4), three texts are broken into heading and spacing, and one text has no heading and is not broken into listing. The data are presented in the following table:
Table 4.94. Breaking the Ideas
Unit Title Genre SCORE
Total Average Indicator 1
(How to break the text)
1 The Proclamation Recount 2 2 2
2 A King and Two
Servants
Narative 2 2 2
3 Sour Cream-Prune Pie Procedure 4 4 4
4 Hydroponics: Farming without Soil
Descriptive 2 2 2
5 Flood-borne Diseases News Item 1 1 1
Based on the data above, it is interpreted the text belongs to procedure can be broken into heading, spacing and listing and considered excellent in this terms. The texts belong to recount, Narative and Descriptive are broken into heading and spacing. They are placed on the level of good in terms of the way the text is broken. One text has no heading and is broken into paragraphs. Thus, it is grouped as weak in this term.
In terms of providing exercises to understand the texts, the data show that just one text provides more than 3 groups of exercise to understand the text (4), one text contain questions asking the content and kind of text (3). Three texts provide more than one group of questions asking about the content of the texts, stated and detail information (2). One text also possess one group of exercise asking about features of the text.. The data are presented in the following table:
Table 4.95. Providing a Variety of Exercises to Understand the Text
Unit Title Genre
SCORE
Total Average Indicator 1
(Exercise to understand the
text)
Indicator 2 (The development
of exercise) 1 The
Proclamation
Recount 3 2 5 2,5
2 A King and Two Servants
Narative 3 2 5 2,5
3 Sour Cream- Prune Pie
Procedure 3 2 5 2,5
4
Hydroponics:
Farming without Soil
Descriptive
4 2 7 3,5
5 Flood-borne Diseases
News Item 3 2 5 2,5
Based on the data, in this aspect one text has more than 3 groups of exercises asking about content of the text but they are not developed from easy to difficult one. It means that the text is good in terms of providing exercises to understand the text. Four texts provide more than one group of questions as the exercise to understand the texts, stated and detail information and they are
considered adequate. The descriptive text about Flood-borne Diseases also provides question asking about features of the text.
In the aspect of providing the exercises to apply reading strategies, more than two reading strategies can be developed (3). The data are presented in the following table:
Table 4.96. Providing Exercises to Apply Reading Strategies Unit Title Genre
SCORE
Total Average Indicator 1
(Exercise to apply reading strategies)
1 The Proclamation Recount 3 3 3
2 A King and Two
Servants
Narative 3 3 3
3 Sour Cream-Prune Pie Procedure 2 3 3
4 Hydroponics: Farming without Soil
Descriptive 3 3 3
5 Flood-borne Diseases News Item 3 3 3
Based on the data above, several reading strategies can be developed in exercises provided by all texts and they are considered good in providing exercises to apply reading strategies.
4). Topic
In terms of choosing topic suitable for grade X Senior High school, topic of the text in genre news item is suitable and also real life issue. Two texts used get 3 for indicator related to suitability of topic. Procedure and Descriptive texts get 2 in fulfilling this indicator. Four texts get 4 in providing real life issues but one text gets 2. For indicator 3 the texts used only get 2 or 1. The data are presented in the following table:
Table 4.97. Providing More than One Interesting Topic Unit Title Genre
SCORE
Total Average
Indicator 1 (The suitability
of topic)
Indicator 2 (Real-life
issues)
Indicator 3 (Providing more than one topic) 1 The
Proclamation
Recount 3 4 1 8 2,67
2 A King and Two Servants
Narative 3 2 1 6 2
3 Sour Cream- Prune Pie
Procedure 2 4 2 8 2,67
4
Hydroponics:
Farming without Soil
Descriptive
2 4 2 8 2,67
5 Flood-borne Diseases
News Item 4 4 1 9 3
Based on the data, in this aspect one text have average 3 in fulfilling the indicators. It means that the text is good in terms of choosing suitable topic. Three texts have average 2,67 and are also considered in good level. There is one text gets average 2 which is qualified as adequate in terms of choosing suitable topic for grade X Senior High School
5). Cultural Suitability
In terms of cultural suitability, the researcher describes the data about the target language cultural information contained by the text. It concerns to some aspects. In terms of the window to learn target culture, the data show that there is none of the texts can be used to learn target culture (0). One text contains local culture. The data are presented in the following table:
Table 4.98. Providing Correct Cultural Information Unit Title Genre
SCORE
Total Average
Indicator 1 (The window into
learning about target culture)
Indicator 2 (Too culture
based text)
Indicator 3 (Contain
local culture)
1 The Proclamation Recount 0 0 0 0 0
2 A King and Two Servants
Narative 0 0 4 0 1,33
3 Sour Cream-Prune Pie Procedure 0 0 0 0 0
4 Hydroponics:
Farming without Soil
Descriptive 0 0 0 0 0
5 Flood-borne Diseases News Item 0 0 0 0 0
The data above indicate that one text is weak as the window to learn target culture. Four texts are grouped in totally lacking in terms of containing target cultural information.
In terms of providing current cultural information, the data indicate that five texts provide no current cultural information (0). The data are presented in the following table:
Table 4.99. Providing Current Cultural Information Unit Title Genre
SCORE
Total Average Indicator 1
(Provide current cultural information)
1 The Proclamation Recount 0 0 0
2 A King and Two Servants
Narative 0 0 0
3 Sour Cream-Prune Pie Procedure 0 0 0
4 Hydroponics: Farming without Soil
Descriptive 0 0 0
5 Flood-borne Diseases News Item 0 0 0
Based on the data above, it is interpreted that the five texts are totally lacking in providing current cultural information.
Related to the unbiased artwork provided for cultural information, the data show that the five texts have no artwork (0). The data are presented in the following table:
Table 4.100. Providing Unbiasad Artwork for Cultural Information Unit Title Genre
SCORE
Total Average Indicator 1
(Providing unbiasad artwork for cultural
information)
1 The Proclamation Recount 0 0 0
2 A King and Two Servants
Narative 0 0 0
3 Sour Cream-Prune Pie
Procedure 0 0 0
4 Hydroponics:
Farming without Soil
Descriptive 0 0 0
5 Flood-borne Diseases News Item 0 0 0