A Descriptive Analysis of English-Indonesian Code Switching The speech by the English Teacher of SMPN 1 Pallangga in Academic Year of was originally written by the author Zulkifli T., Reg. Here, the writer would like to observe English-Indonesian code switching spoken by English teacher in the teaching-learning process in the classroom. Therefore, the writer would like to research with the title, “A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH-INDONESIAN CODE SWITCHING BY THE ENGLISH TEACHER IN SMPN 1 PALLANGGA IN Academic Year of.
Problem Statement
From the statement above, the researcher researched English-Indonesia code-switching spoken by teacher in SMPN 1 Pallangga. Therefore, the writer wants to research on the title, "A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH- INDONESIAN CODE SWITCHING SPOKE BY THE ENGLISH TEACHER OF SMPN 1 PALLANGGA IN ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2014-2015". What are the functions of using English-Indonesia code-switching spoken by SMPN 1 Pallangga English teacher in the teaching-learning process in the academic year 2014-2015.
Objective of the Research
Significance of the Research
This research will help teachers to recognize the use of code switching in the educational community with grammatical aspects, sociolinguistic aspects and functions. The researcher can use this as an additional resource to develop the sociolinguistic study especially on the topic of code switching. This research is expected to encourage or provide solutions to English teachers to deal with students who still have little vocabulary or early learners of English by switching the application code in the teaching-learning process as an effort to teach students to listen and understand the statements conveyed by the teacher.
Scope of the Research
She analyzed the pattern of code-switching and the conversational functions of code-switching of direct conversation. The third one is taken from Ana Puspitasari (2011) entitled the use of code switching to develop students' ability in the English learning process. She discussed about type of code switching and the influence of using code switching in learning process.
Pertinent Ideas
The Notion of Sociolinguistics
The first is taken from Sri Setyaningsih (2006) entitled A Descriptive Study of Demonstration of Code Switching by Becak Drivers in Malioboro Street Yogyakarta. The second is taken from Henny Widhi Astuti (2010) entitled A Description of Code Mixing and Code Switching Used in Andrea Hirata's Novel Maryamah Karpov. Mey defined Sociolinguistics as a discipline of linguistics which deals with the relationship between language and society.
Bilingual and Multilingual a. Bilingual
Societal bilingualism or multilingualism refers to the existence of two or more languages used by individual and group in society (M. Blanc in Jacob L. Mey, 1998: 71). In many multilingual communities, speakers switch between languages or varieties as monolinguals switch between styles (S. Romaine in Jacob L. Mey. Mey adds many multilingual communities, speakers switch between languages or varieties as monolinguals switch between styles.
Code Switching
The types of code switching in sociolinguistic aspect can be distinguished namely metaphorical switching and situational switching [Blom and Gumperz in Van Dulm, 2007: 13]. This is the way - the money that is there cannot go back to the shareholders, and the meeting raised all these arguments. One of the first categorizations of code switching was provided by Appel and Muysken (1987) in Van Dulm (2007: 15).
Appel and Musyken said in Muehleisen that the reference function acts as referenced information. THE WORDS ORIGINALLY SPOKEN IN SAMOAN ARE IN SMALL CAPS.). The function of code switching is to mark injection or serve as sentence filler.
Conceptual Framework
In this research, the researcher used descriptive qualitative, which Bogdan and Tylor stated in Zuriah that qualitative is procedural research that results in a descriptive data that is written words or sayings of people that can be observed (Zuriah, 2006: 92). Meanwhile, Arikunto defines descriptive research as research intended to gather information about anything that happens in that place according to the naturalistic opportunity. Here the researcher came to the school as a non-participant researcher to observe directly and then took the data of survey and field note of the naturalistic event in teaching-learning process.
Population and Sample 1. Population
The subject taken as an example in this study should be the eighth grade teacher of SMPN 1 Pallangga. The researcher obtained this qualification because the teacher in eighth grade is able to communicate with English than in seventh grade. From the above consideration of this study, the English teacher in class VIII/1 of SMPN 1 Pallangga Ms.
Research Variables and Indicators
Research Instrument
Data Collection Procedures
The researcher also collected the data using the recorder which was Blackberry Davis 9220 Smartphone to record what the teacher conveyed in the English teaching-learning process. In addition, the researcher also used field notes to collect data in which the observer observed and then wrote down any code switching that occurred for the teaching-learning process (Bungin.
Technique of Data Analysis
The researcher classified the data used by Poplack's theory, Gumperz and Blom's theory, Appel and Musyken's theory and Rommaine's theory. a. In the sociolinguistic aspect of code switching as stated by Gumperz and Blom; situational shift and metaphorical shift. The code-switching function as Appel and Musyken stated; referential function, guiding function, expressive function, phatic function, metalinguistic function, and then Rommaine adds the function of two functions; .. to mark the injection/serve as filler message, function to clarify or emphasize a message).
The researcher took the data from data classification of type of code switching in grammatical aspect; extrasentential switching or tag switching, intrasentential switching, intersentential switching and intra-word switching. The researcher took the data from data classification of type of code switching in sociolinguistic aspect; situational and metaphorical conversion. The researcher took the data from data classification based on function of code switching; referential function, directional function, expressive function, phatic function, metalinguistic function, function to mark injection or serve as filler message, function to explain or emphasize a message.
The grammatical aspects of code switching in English-Indonesian code switching related to Poplack's theory are tag switching, intrasentential switching and intersentential switching. So one of you will write the answer and you will check your answer. You check yourself. The sociolinguistic aspect of code switching in English-Indonesian code switching related to Gumperz and Blom's theory are situational switching and metaphorical switching.
The function of code switching related to Appel and Muysken's theory is referential function, directive function, expressive function, phatic function, metalinguistic function, and Romain's theory is supposed to mark the input or serve as a complementary message and clarify or emphasize the message.
Discussions
The grammatical aspect of code switching
Here, the tag modified with 'okay' means the word 'okay' as a tag inserted from/to an Indonesian sentence. Here, the tag modified by “iya” means the word “iya” as a tag inserting an Indonesian sentence. Here, the tag modified by 'sudah' means the word 'sudah' as a tag inserted from/to an Indonesian sentence.
In this category, the English-Indonesian intersentential switch means that the switch takes place between English-Indonesia, starting from the English utterance and continuing until the Indonesian utterance. In this category, the English-Indonesian intersentential switch means that the switch takes place between Indonesian-English, starting from the Indonesian utterance, continuing to the English utterance. In this category, English-Indonesian intersentential switch means that the switch takes place between English-Indonesia, which starts with English utterance exchanges to Indonesian utterance.
Here, the English-Indonesian Intersentential switch means that the switch happens once, from English utterance to Indonesian utterance. Here, English – Indonesian – English intersentential switching means that the switching takes place, starting from English utterance switches to Indonesian utterance, and then switching back to English utterance as in (D23) and (D24):. In the variation English–Indonesian–English–Indonesian intersentential conversion here, means the conversion starts with English utterance then switches to Indonesian, then switches to English and then switches again to Indonesian utterance.
Indonesian-English intersentential switching here means that there is a switch between Indonesian and English that starts with an Indonesian pronunciation that switches to an English pronunciation.
The sociolinguistic aspects of code switching
In the version Indonesian - English - Indonesian - English Intersentential switching here means that the switching starts with an Indonesian statement, then switches to English, then switches to Indonesian and then back to an English statement. Mom, it doesn't match if we put a comma in the middle of curly hair in braids.]. He uses English first, and then when the students respond in Indonesian, he changes his language using Indonesian to balance the students' language, which shows an intimate social dimension.
Thus, from utterance (D35), the switch redefines situation switching from distant to intimate (official to personal). First, she uses English when the student is asked about the reason why the student is late, but the student is just silent, so the teacher switched to Indonesian to make dimension more intimate. Thus, from utterance (D36), the switch redefines situation switching from distant to intimate (official to personal).
First, she uses Indonesian when explaining the correct answer, then she switches to English to make some humor related to herself. Metaphorical switching referred to a change in the speaker's language choice when the situational remained the same. For some people, the switch in this case was thought to convey special communicative intent (Li Wei in John Edward.
In this conversation, which starts from English, the teacher switches to the Indonesian used to express a specific purpose, which is to emphasize the message.
The Function of code switching
Appel and Musyken in Muehleisen said that the directive functions as an addressee who is oriented by using, for example, imperatives, exclamations and questions, contact is made with other (Muehleisen). The conversation (D39) starts with a conversation in English to make the situation more formal and to distance ourselves from students. Appel and Musyken in Muehleisen also said that the phatic function is orientation towards the communication itself, e.g.
Pronounced “Kenapa langariki?” when the signal switched to Indonesian in which the previous conversation uses English. So, the expression "Kenapa langariki?" shows a phatic function, which is used as a signal to start a conversation in Indonesian. Bold is the teacher's comment on the question addressed in the previous sentence.
In the situation (D42), the word "where" is used to mark the injection of the previous sentence which was used to explain. e. In the observation, many statements are found that emphasize their function as clarification or a message. In the pronunciation (D43), teacher switches from English to Indonesian to explain whether the answer is different and should be asked. 2) The function is to emphasize a message.
In the utterance (D44), the switch occurs from Indonesian to English which is used to point out to the student that he did not answer the first question in English, so the teacher switches her language to Indonesian.
Conclusion
In this chapter, the researcher wants to give some conclusions and suggestions from the data analyzed. They are phatically directive, expressive, metalinguistic, injection or serve as a sense filler and clarify or emphasize.
Suggestion
