GRAMMATICAL EQUIVALENCE FOUND ON STUDENTS TRANSLATION FROM INDO INTO ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Andra Alfian
1), Mayuasti, M.Pd
2), Edwar Kemal, S.S., M.Hum
3)1) English Education Departmet, STKIP PGRI West Sumatera, Gunung Pangilun-Padang
email: [email protected]
2) English Education Departmet, STKIP PGRI West Sumatera, Gunung Pangilun-Padang
email: [email protected]
3) English Education Departmet, STKIP PGRI West Sumatera, Gunung Pangilun-Padang
email: [email protected]
_____________________________________________________________________
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze and determine the similarity of Equivalence meaning in translating text from source language (SL) into the target language (TL) of Indonesian into English by students of English Department in Basic Translation class. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative, where researcher only describe the results of the translation in Equivalence meaning and Un Equivalence meaning from SL into TL. Technique sampling that researcher use is Total Sampling, where researcher took the whole number of the students as a sample in three of class A, B, and C, with total amount 82 students. The instrument that the research use in this study is a test and document analysis, researchers gave the same test for three times in three meetings, three times test is given, the researchers only get the data as much 53 students were full in the first test until last test ,cause several students who were not present when the researchers gave the test. In analyzing the data, researchers use five pencil colors for each category such as for category Person to Orange, Yellow for Gender, Blue for Number, Pink to Tense, and Green for Voice with support in descriptive method which are, reading, describing, classifying, and interpreting. From the data analysis of the research, the researcher finds out Un Equivalence Meaning is more dominant than Equivalence Meaning. Most of the students do not clearly understand how to organize the category belong to Tense and Person, cause both of it always make the meaning to be not accepted into TL, such as in using verbs and adverbs also in using object pronoun, subject pronoun, and possessive pronoun.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui kesamaan makna dalam menerjemah teks dari bahasa sumber bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa target bahasa Inggris oleh mahasiswa Program studi pendidikan Bahasa Inggris di kelas Basic Translation. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah deskripif kualitatif, dimana peneliti hanya mendeskripsikan hasil terjemahan mahasiswa dari makna yang sesuai dan makna yang tidak sesuai.Teknik pengambilan sample mengunakan Total Sampling, dimana peneliti mengambil seluruh jumlah siswa sebagai sample dari tiga kelas A, B, dan C, sebanyak 82 mahasiswa. Instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah test dan document analisis, peneliti memberikan test yang sama sebanyak tiga kali dalam tiga kali pertemuan, dari tiga kali test yang diberikan, peneliti hanya mendapakan data sebanyak 53 mahasiswa yang lengkap dari test 1 hinga test ke 3, hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa mahasiswa yang tidak hadir ketika peneliti memberikan test tersebut. Dalam menganalisis data, peneliti mengunakan stabilo 5 warna untuk setiap category seperti warna Orange untuk kategori Person, Kuning untuk Gender,Biru untuk Number, Pink untuk Tense, dan Hijau untuk Voice. Dalam penelitan ini, peneliti menemukan hasil terjemahan dari mahasiswa di kelas Basic translatin, banyak yang tidak sesui, artinya terjemahan yang maknanya tidak equivalence lebih dominan daripada terjemahan yang maknanya equivalence, penyebabnya adalah dalam menerjemah mahasiswa cendrung salah dalam menganalisis kategori Person seperti dalam pengunaan dan pemilihan kata ganti yang tidak tepat dalam Possessive pronoun, Object pronoun dan Subject pronoun, selanjutnya dalam kategori Tense seprti dalam pengunaan kata kerja, tobe dan keterangan waktu yang sering salah
.Key Words: Menerjemah,Translation,Grammatical Equivalence.
INTRODUCTION
Different country have different form of language and form of structure, every language has different way in arranging word by word to be a phrases, sentences or even a paragraphs. Mostly, many sources or learning materials are provided by a lot of experts, and most of them are written in English. learning translation is very useful to help students in understanding those material such article, journal, essay or even a textbook. One of way to get all of the information with clearly we should know about translations. Translation is the replacement of meaning from a source language into a target language.It supported by Aski (2008 :2) Another complicated difficulty in translation is the fact that every language has their own rule and system to conduct the sentence. The differences of grammatical structures between source and target language influence the result of meaning in translation.
However, to conduct the available meaning from source language into target language and make the readers easy to understand the translator must know some criteria, there are, they have to studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation and cultural context of the source language text, then, analyzing it in order to determine the meaning. Larson, (2003:3) States that, they have to reconstructing this same meaning using the lexicon and grammatical structure which are appropiate in the target language. Meanwhile in English Department of STKIP PGRI West Sumatera has three levels of translation class that commonly applying. For the students, first in basic translation, second English-Indonesian or Indonesian-English Translation and the last is interpretation class. But, even though translations has several levels, the problem that could be maintained in translate a text is about the form of structure in grammatical equivalence, because it was commonly found in each levels of translation, so, it can conclude that, it does not matter of level translation that the students done, the grammatical equivalence always be founded an appear in each levels.
Vinay and Darbelnet as cited in Munday, (2001 :58) stated that equivalence refers to the cases where languages describe the same situation by different stylistic or structural means, and then equivalence as proposed by Baker (2011) is divided into five categories, that is, equivalence at word level, equivalence above word level, grammatical equivalence, textual equivalence and pragmatic equivalence.
However, this research will be discuss only on grammatical equivalence, that consist in five categories are, number, gender, person, tense and voice. Because grammar is something crucial to
contract the meaning, so, that’s why the researcher only focus to discuss it. In Other hand Baker, (2011:83). Stated that, In translation the same meaning have to be expressed in another language by different form both lexical and grammar . here are the following example:
English : What is your name?
Indonesian : Siapa namamu?
Those two sentences have the same meaning, that is, the speaker only want to know the hearer’s name, but, when we look at the form, they have different grammatical forms. To make a translation which sounds natural and meaningful in target text, a translator must be able to find the grammatical equivalence from SL in the TL. It is more about how to find an appropriate way to express a meaningt in another language. Based on the phenomenon and interview with translations lecture of the English Department students in STKIP PGRI West Sumatera, especially in basic translation , much of the students difficult to combine the words that have been translated into TL especially in translating text from Indonesia into English. It happened because the students did not understand about grammatical equivalence in doing translation , such as the students often use the unappropriate verbs, pronoun and tobe in translate the text. For example that researcher found from the authentic students in basic translation class, Indonesian (SL): Ani mengirim surat kemarin, English (TL): Ani send a letter yesterday
From the data of sentence above, translation is not easy thing to do, such as the sentence from source language is past tense, it means that the activity happened in ago not now , but when it translate to the TL into English, the verb of the sentence is not available to used, so the verb send should be changed into sent, verb in English grammar more influence the meaning in Indonesia.
because changing both of them are depend on the Grammar that used in the sentence, it is also supported by the students who common use the dictionary to get the meaning without see of the context in grammatical form.So, it can conclude many students did not understand about sense of grammatical equivalence in translating text from source language into target language, such us in using verb, pronoun, that contain in tense, person, gender, number, and voice So the researcher want to analyze it.
RESEARCH METHOD
The design of this research is descriptive research . Acorrding to Guy and Airasian (2000 :211), Descriptive research is a research that reports phenomena as it appears in the process of the process and collects the data. In order to answer the
research question, the researcher determine the second year students of academic year 2014/2015 in English Department of STKIP PGRI West Sumatera and then analysis of Grammatical Equivalence that can be found in their translation assignment form Indonesia into English text, In additions, Nazir (2011:54) states that descriptive research is done to make the description of facts, characteristic and relationship between phenomenon that investigated.
The data is an exercise that was finished by student’s in basic translation such as translate several sentences from indo-English translation, in student’s document answer sheet, the form of data is document test done by the second year students of 2014/2015 in English Department of STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat, and researcher will analyze it as document analysis,to get the data, the researcher use total sampling technique, according to sugioyo (2007) total sampling is a technique of sample , where the number of samples is equal with population, if the population of sample less than 100 sample, it’s mean all of the entire of sample will be needed from three class that consist in each of class A = 32, B=27, C=23, it’s amount 82 of students.
The instrument of this research is authentic document of students’ translation test (written document). According Gay, (2000:113) state that instrument is a test or other tool that used to collect the data. It mean instrument can help the researcher to get all the data systematically to answer the research questions. The researcher gave a test such as several sentences that would be translated by student’s in basic translation class, then analyzed the result of the students answer sheet, and check the grammatical equivalence in the text base on Equivalence and Un Equivalence Meaning.
In gathering the data in the field, the researcher do some steps. First, the researcher made several sentences that was validated and then distribute the test to the students in basic translation in three season with same test.
The second step is researcher read the document that researcher got. and compared it in season by season. Its purpose to make sure that the data is needed by researcher. The third step is researcher analyzes the data by applying techniques of data analysis which are supported by Gay and Airisian. It helped researcher to analyze and described the grammatical equivalence found on student’s in basic translation, in translating text Indonesian into English that focus in grammatical equivalence. Last the researcher going to compile the result of the student’s answer sheet by document classifying and the result help the researcher to describe the grammatical equivalence in the research questions.
In analyzing data the researcher used the technique of Gay and Airasian (2000 : 239), that
was mention there are four steps of analyzing the data, they are Reading Describing, Classifying, and interpreting.
1. Reading. Becoming familiar with the data, in this step the researcher read the data from student’s assignment to find type of grammatical equivalence in the document, then the researcher mark and underline the type in each student’s document then checked the meaning.
2. Describing. It is examining the data in the depth to provide detail description of setting, participant, and activities.This stage the researcher described result of the data by seeing the meaning text indo into English that researcher got from the student’s document assignment in basic translation class.
3. Classifying After the researcher collects the student’s answer sheet, the researcher classify the type of grammatical equivalence in student’s document assignment by five pencil colors for each of indicators such as Orange for Person, Yellow for Gender , Blue for Number, Pink for Tense, , and last Green for Voice and put the data into table document Classifying based on the indicator.
4. Interpreting This is the last step that the researcher did in analyzing the data.This stage, the researcher interpreted what are the grammatical equivalence done by the students in basic translation class that belong to Equivalence Meaning or Un Equivalence Meaning..
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Based on the data analysis above, the researcher found several findings that made by students in translating several sentences from Indonesia into English such as, some of the students do not answer the test based on equivalence meaning into TL. In other hand From the categorize of grammatical equivalence that mentioned in chapter I, like categorize, Person, Gender, Number, Tense, and Voice, most of the students do not aware and difficult to identify the categories belong to Person, Tense, and Number.
From categorize belonged to person, they do not understand the differences between how to use Subject Pronoun ( I, You, She, He, It, We, They You, Can. ), Object Pronoun,(Are, Me, You, Him, Her, It, Us, and Them) Possessive Pronoun , (Mine, Yours, His, Hers, Its, Ours, Theirs.), in translating of the sentences into TL,. Example “ SL : Ibu Bella sangat cantik sekali ketika memakai gaun warna merah di pesta ulang tahun anak perempuany”.
Students answer into TL “Bella mother is so beautiful when she is wearing red gown on she
daughter birthday party. The correct answer should be Bella’s mother is so beautiful when she is wearing red gown on her daughter’s birthday party.
It makes the meaning from SL not accepted into TL.
Meanwhile from categorize belong to Number, they do not understand and false in adding suffix –s (Friend -Friends) or -es (Topless- Topleses) related to the noun plural and singular in each of the sentences. For example SL”Dua adik perempuan saya sangat suka berkebun setiap hari minggu”, students answer into TL ”Two sister very lovely gardening in the Sunday”.The correct answer should be ”Both of my sisters love gardening in the garden every Sunday”. It makes the meaning from SL not accepted into TL.
Furthermore from categorize belong to Tense, they students do not understand to identify the time when the activity happen from SL, such as in the present, past , or future, it could be seen from the verb and time signal that they use in translating into TL., In Present tense commonly use V1 and time signal every, Past Tense commonly use V2 and time signal Last, then Simple Future commonly use “Will” and time signal Next. For example SL”
Seekor burung Merak akan di pindahkan ke kebun binatang Bukittinggi besok pagi, students answer into TL “A peacock bird will moved to Bukittinggi Zoo int the Morning”. The correct answer should be
“A peacock will be moved to the Bukittinggi Zoo next morning. It makes the meaning from SL not accepted into TL.
For the result of the case above, from ten item on the same test done in three times by the researcher, the researcher found that the categorize Un Equivalence meaning in grammatical equivalence into TL more dominant than categorize Equivalence meaning in grammatical equivalence into TL.
CONCLUSION
Grammatical equivalence refers to cases where languages describe the same situation by different stylistic or structural of language in TL.
The sentences that have equivalence meaning are the sentence that use the type of grammatical in the right pattern and rule of language into TL. It means that the sentence uses the type but as long as it was not have in right rule of grammatical into TL The meaning was not equivalence and not accepted into TL, cause rule of language was very influence the meaning from SL into TL. It can conclude that type of grammatical equivalence IS depended on rule of language and context in making available meaning into TL.
According to the experts that had been discussed in the chapter II, there are five types of grammatical equivalence, those are, Number
,Gender, Person, Tense ,and Voice. In this case, the research describe about Grammatical equivalence found on students translation, the purpose of this research is to identify what are the type and equivalence meaning into TL. This research is conducted by distributing three times of tests that similar from Indonesia into English with total 10 sentence with total 52 students that had been analyzed .
Base on the findings that discussed on chapter IV, researcher concludes the result. In using the types of grammatical equivalence are correct but some of them were not equivalence meaning into TL. In this case ,researcher found, not Equivalence meaning is more dominant than equivalence meaning. Most of students is to difficult to identify the type of grammatical equivalence belonged to tense in SL into TL. It can see from the verb, noun, and adverb in those answers that is not accepted
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researcher would like to express her A special thanks and appreciation from the deepest heart are given to advisors, Mayuasti, M.Pd., and Edward Kemal,S.S.,M.Hum., who have been kind and willing to give their times, energy, opinions, suggestion and supports in completing this thesis.
The researcher’s appreciation also goes to the examiners, Suharni, M.Pd., Yola Merlina S,S.,M.Hum., and Rani Autila, M.Pd., who have given contribution to make this research better.
Then, the researcher express he thanks to academic advisor, Melati Teresia,S.S.,M.Hum., who has guided researcher since he studied in campus last for my family and friends also..
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