It means that targeted cloze strategy affects the reading ability of the eighth grade students of SMP N 1 Pekalongan. Is there any positive and significant influence of using a targeted cloze strategy on the reading ability of the students in the eighth graders of SMP N 1 Pekalongan in the academic year of.
INTRODUCTION
- Problem Identification
- Problem Limitation
- Problem Formulation
- Objective and Benefits of The Study
This means that in order for readers to determine what information to take from the text, they should determine their purpose for reading. Guice, “Using the Cloze Procedure to Improve Student Reading Comprehension, (Florida:Tallahassee), vol. 31 Rudi Hermanto, "Using the Cloze Process in Teaching Reading Narrative Texts" (Semarang, Semarang State University 2009), Vol.3, pp.8-9.
The purpose of the pre-test is to determine the students' ability in reading comprehension before the examination. The result of the preliminary test can be identified as follows. Knowledge of the critical value of the T-test (T-observation). The researcher first calculated the df (degree of freedom).
REVIEW OF THE RELATED THEORIES
The Concept Of Reading
The concept of reading comprhension
In reading activities, students need to have good reading comprehension to get information from the text read. Moreover, Brown points out that reading comprehension is a primary issue or important skill to develop, it is very efficient to use a strategy to understand something we read.6 This means that the purpose of reading comprehension is reading efficiency. Furthermore, Janette points out that reading comprehension is a multicomponent, highly complex process that involves many interactions between readers and what they bring to the text (prior knowledge, strategy use) as well as variables related to the text itself (interest about the text, understanding and types of text).7 According to Clay, reading is a process of receiving the message and understanding occurs as the reader tries to create meaning.8.
When reading from the bottom up, the reader must first recognize a set of linguistic signals (letter, morphemes, words, phrases, grammatical signs). 10Bottom-up reading suggests that the reader reads words and sentences and looks at the organization of the text (without connection to experience or prior knowledge) in order to construct meaning from what is written in the text, and meaning depends on familiarity with vocabulary and syntax.
The concept of narrative text
This means that the Top-Down model has a reader working from meaning to the text, the Bottom-Up model has a reader working from text to meaning, and the Interactive model has a reader working from meaning. The linguistic features are focus on specific and usually individualized participants, use of material processes behavioral and verbal processes, use of temporal conjunctions and temporal circumstances and use of past tense. From the definition, it can be deduced that narrative text is a kind of text which tells about series and gives the problem that happens in the past.
Strategies For Reading Comprehension
The social function is to tell stories or past events and entertain the readers. In other words, skimming is reading the entire text quickly to get the main point or main ideas of the text. The purpose of scanning is to obtain specific information without reading the entire text.15 That is, scanning is reading a text quickly to find specific information without reading every word in the text.
The teacher can help students become accurate guessers by encouraging them to use effective compensation strategies in which they fill in gaps in their competence with intelligent attempts to use whatever data is available to them. Readers, intermediate and advanced students need not be speed readers, but it is suggested to increase efficiency by learning some rules of silent reading.
Purposes of Reading comprehension
Many discourse makers in English signal relationships between ideas as expressed through phrase, clauses, and sentences. If students enjoy reading in her own language, they can make the connection that reading in general can give pleasure.21. Reading for information can be as simple as reading.22 To learn something or to do something with the information you have been given.
Depending on the purposes, it is also necessary to look for a type of reading in which there is an attitude about the type of reading.
The Measurement of Reading Comprehension
In all cases, the measurement takes place in the form of standardized assessments, harmonized with national standards. 25.
The Concept of Focused Cloze Strategy
- Definition of Focused Cloze
- The Purposes of Focused Cloze
- The Procedures Of Focused Cloze
- The Strategies of Focused Cloze
- The advantages of Focused Cloze are
- Disadvantages of Focused Cloze
Based on Billy's statement, "focused cloze" is used in this study to briefly indicate a word or words where words are omitted from a passage. 27. Meanwhile, some purposes that are uses of focused cloze in teaching are: to determine learner's instructional reading level and to know the actual reading level of the learners, teachers can adapt and give more proper guidance to the learners. Focused Cloze can provide students with the opportunity to encounter specialized content words in a large context.
Based on the explanation above, the writer concludes that acid strategies of focused cloze are the way to make the student easily understand the content of the passage in the reading text. As a formative test, focused cloze procedure can immediately measure the understanding of a particular material as a feedback on our classroom performance.
Theoretical framework and paradigm
- Theoretical framework
- Paradigm
Hypothesis Formulation
- Hypothesis formula
- Statistical Hypothesis
Ha = there is positive and significant influence of the use of focused cloze strategy on the student Reading Comprehension skills at the eighth grade of SMP N 1 Pekalongan in the Academic Year of.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Population Sample and Sampling Technique
- Population
- Sample
- Sampling Technique
Daniel Muijs defines the population is the group that wants to generalize your discovery.36 Moreover, the population of this research is the students of the eighth grade of SMP N 1 Pekalongan in the Academic Year of. From the table above, the population consists of 6 classes where the total number of the eight scrapers is 186 students. This is class VIII 5 as experimental class consisting of thirteen (30) students of the eighth grade of SMP N 1 Pekalongan in the Academic Year of 2017/2018.
SamyTayie explains that a sample is a subject of a population that is considered to be representative of the entire population.37 In this case, the writer used a cluster sampling technique. Cluster sampling involves an initial stage where sampling is done from groups of elements called clusters38.
The Operational Definition of Variables
- Independent Variables
- Dependent Variable
An independent variable is an attribute or characteristic that influences or affects an outcome or dependent variable.40 The independent variable of this research is the implementation of the focus closure strategy. The researcher uses the strategy after giving the pre-test to the students, after knowing the scores of the students, the researcher is given a treatment to the students and lastly the students are given the post-test to know the result after a treatment is given. . A dependent variable is an attribute or characteristic that depends on or is affected by the independent variable.
You may find them labeled in the literature as outcome, effect, criterion, or consequence variables.41. Dependent variable in this study is reading comprehension which can be defined as the result of the interaction between the reader's perception of the graphic symbols representing language, language ability, cognitive ability and knowledge of the world.
Data Collection Method
- Test
- Documentation
The writer uses the documentation method to obtain detailed information about, the condition of teachers and official employees, the amount of students and the Organizational Structure of SMP N 1 Pekalongan of the Academic Year of.
Research Instrument
- Instrument Blueprint
- Instrument Calibration
The author uses the documentation method to get detailed information about, condition teachers and official employee, the amount of students and the Structural Organization of the SMP N 1 Pekalonganin the Academic Year of 2017/2018. The questions contained the information from reading text, such as main idea and purpose of passage. Content validity refers to whether the content of the manifest variable is right to measure the talent concept the author is trying to measure.45.
The researcher used content validity so that the instrument has a good quality and the instrument would be relevant to the focus of the research. Therefore, the researcher used content validity based on the curriculum and materials of the eighth grade in SMP N 1 Pekalongan in the academic year 2017/2018.
Data Analysis Technique
- Description of Research Location
- The Data of Research
It concerned the research and discussion conducted by the researcher of SMP N 1 Pekalongan, especially the tenth grade students in academic year 2017/2018. Brief History about Establishment of SMP N 1 Pekalongan Geographically, SMP N 1 Pekalongan East Lampung, located in Lampung Province of East Lampung District, at 37 GantiwarnoRawamangun Village of Pekalongan, It was built on a land area of ±17,709m2.SMP N 1 Pekalongan is located in Jl. This research was conducted on eighth grader of SMP N 1 Pekalongan in class VIII 3 which consists of 30 students.
The criteria for students who are successful in mastering the material are those students who get the completeness standard (CM) which is 70. The average grade for the pretest is 56.06. It shows that the result of the students' reading comprehension ability in the pretest was not satisfactory.
Hypothesis Testing
It shows that their pre-exam grade point average has increased by; that is, the Focused Cloze strategy treatment was successful in students' reading comprehension ability. Preparing a table to prove whether there is a difference between the pre-test score and the post-test score in the eighth grade of SMP N 1 Pekalongan. It means that the t-observed is higher than the t-table or it can be written as 8.89>2.045. From the above value, it can be concluded that the use of focused closure strategy is positive and important for students' reading comprehension ability to achieve this test, it was.
Interpretation
Discussion
It became one of the reasons why author used Focused cloze strategy as an alternative to teach English, especially in reading comprehension. After knowing the pretest result of the students' reading comprehension ability, it can be assumed that the students became poor. This research was conducted at SMPN 1 Pekalongan, The subject of the research was eighth grade of SMP N 1 Pekalongan. Therefore, the result of this research could not be generalized.
In the learning process, the author found some problems in understanding reading comprehension ability faced by the students. Guice, "Using Cloze Procedure for Improving Reading Comprehension of College Students, Florida: Tallahassee, 1966., Vol. 2/ June 2016. Masoud Zoghi and Farnaz Sahebkheir, "The Role of Formal Instruction through Cloze Activities and Input Improvement on Iran EFL Learner's Conjuction Use In Reading”, Iran: Islamic Azad University, Vol. 4/ March-May, 2014.
Rudi Hermanto, "Using Cloze Procedure in Teaching Reading of Narrative Texts" Semarang, Semarang State University, 2009.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
Suggestion
- The influence of focused cloze strategy toward reading Comprehension
- The Organization Structure of SMP N 1 Pekalongan
- The Sketch of Location SMP N 1 Pekalongan
- The Grapic of frequency distribution of students score in pre-test
- The Grapic of frequency Distribution of Students’ score in Post-test
- Thesis guidance letter
- Permit of the pre survey
- A respon letter of pre survey
- Permit of the research
- A respon letter of reseacrh
- Assignment permit
- Sylabus
- Lesson plan
- Observation sheet of students pre-test
- Observation sheet of students pre-test
- Answer keys
- Reading comprehension test pre-test
- Reading comprehension test post-test
- Documentation
- Curriculum vitae
This strategy can motivate students to learn English, especially to understand the given material. We advise students not to give up when they find something difficult, especially in learning English. Also, this strategy can make students more active in the process of learning English.
The teacher has to explain the students as clearly as possible and teach the challenging material, so the Focused cloze strategy can help to understand the given material. Gray Paul, The Research Imagination An Introduction to Qualitative and Quantitative Methods United States: Crambridge University Press, 2007.
