Appendix table 3. Calculation of effect sizes for short- and long-term leg pain and disability Study, Year (Reference) Outcome
Measurement Scale
Mean (SD or ± SE or CI) Data extracted From the Published Report
Mean (SD) Data converted to 0- 100 Scale
Advice Group, n
Exercise Group, n
Mean Difference (95% CI)
Advice Group
Exercise Group
Advice Group
Exercise Group Short-term follow-up for
leg pain
Albert et al, 2012 LBPRS 2.3 (2.7) 1.5 (2.1) 23 (27) 15 (21) 86 82 8.00 (0.61 to 15.34)
Bakhtiary et al, 2005 VAS -0.5 (1.17) -3.2 (1.47) 40 (11.7) 10.9 (14.7) 30 30 29.00 (22.38 to 35.82)
Hofstee et al, 2002 VAPS 23.4 (24) 24.2 (24) 23.4 (24) 24.2 (24) 79 77 -0.80 (-8.17 to 6.57)
Huber et al, 2011 VAS 6.9 (1.3) 5.2 (1.0) 69 (13) 52 (10) 26 26 17.00 (10.70 to 23.30)
Luijsterberg et al, 2008 NRS -3.3 (2.8) -3.0 (2.7) 33 (28) 30 (27) 68 67 3.00 (-6.28 to 12.28)
Intermediate-term follow- up for leg pain
Hofstee et al, 2002 VAPS 47.8 (31) 46.8 (28) 47.8 (31) 46.8 (28) 75 72 1.00 (-8.56 to 10.56)
Luijsterberg et al, 2008 NRS -3.7 (3.1) -3.9 (2.8) 37 (31) 39 (28) 68 67 -2.00 (-11.97 to 7.97)
Long-term Follow-up for leg pain
Albert et al, 2012 LBPRS 1.4 (2.4) 1.5 (2.1) 14 (24) 15 (21) 87 81 -1.00 (-7.84 to 5.84)
Luijsterberg et al, 2008 NRS -3.7 (2.7) -4.4 (2.7) 37 (27) 44 (27) 68 67 -7.00 (-16.11 to 2.11)
Short-term follow-up for disability
Albert et al, 2012 RMDQ 6 (2-12)¶ 6 (2-12)¶ 26.1 (32.2) 26.1 (32.2) 86 82 0.00 (-9.74 to 9.74)
Hofstee et al, 2002 QDS 16.2 (19.1) 15.7 (16.96) 16.2 (19.1) 15.7 (16.96) 83 80 0.50 (-5.05 to 6.05)
Luijsterberg et al, 2008 RMDQ -6.6 (6.1) -5.3 (7.0) 28.7 (26.5) 23.0 (30.4) 68 67 5.70 (-3.92 to 15.32)
Intermediate-term follow- up for disability
Hofstee et al, 2002 QDS 35.4 (25.74) 34.6 (25.83) 35.4 (25.74) 34.6 (25.83) 75 72 0.80 (-7.34 to 9.14) Luijsterberg et al, 2008 RMDQ -8.5 (6.7) -7.7 (7.3) 37.0 (29.1) 33.5 (31.7) 68 67 3.50 (-6.76 to 13.76) Long-term Follow-up for
disability
Albert et al, 2012 RMDQ 3.5 (1-10)¶ 3.5 (1-10)¶ 15.2 (29.0) 15.2 (29.0) 87 81 0.00 (-8.78 to 8.78)
Luijsterberg et al, 2008 RMDQ -9.1 (6.1) -10.0 (6.5) 39.6 (20.5) 43.5 (28.3) 68 67 -3.90 (-13.15 to 5.35)
N = sample size for group; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; LBPRS=Low Back Pain Rating Scale; VAS=visual analogue scale; PAS=Pain analogue scale; VAPS=visual analog pain scale; NRS= Numerical Rating Scale; RMDQ= Roland-Morris Disabilty Questionnaire; QDS=Quebec Disability Scale; SBI=Sciatica Bothersomeness Index; LPBS=Leg Pain
Bothersomeness Scale; LBPBS=Low Back Pain Bothersomeness ScaleODI=Owestry Disability Index; BSS = Beaujon Scoring System; DRI = Disability Rating Index; CI = confidence interval; SD = standard deviation; SE = standard error.
¶ 25%-75% Interquartile Range) * Confidence interval converted to standard error to standard deviation.
