QIROAH FII AAFAAQ MUSHTHALAHAY AL-THAB’I WA AL-SHAN’I FII AL-NAQD AL-’ARABY AL-QADIIM | al-Dakeel | LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra

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QIROAH FII AAFAAQ MUSHTHALAHAY AL-THAB’I WA AL-SHAN’I FII AL-NAQD AL-’ARABY AL-QADIIM

Muhammad Majid al-Dakeel Email: [email protected] Jordan – Irbid – Irbid University College (BAU)

Alamat Korepondensi: Departement of Basic Sciences – Division of The Arabic Language and Literature Telp. 0795951757, 0776409019. Fax. 02-7254635

Abstract

Seemingly, the classic Arab criticism experienced terminology crisis. Besides the word- meaning balance, our critics seized upon dichotomization in the poetry theory, with many arguments were about the two terms of (tab') temper and (takaluf) pretense with no specific meaning being given to each. Our classic critics have been using multiple terms to suggest such dichotomy. For example, to indicate improved and cultured poetry, they have been using such terms as (takaluf, sana'a, mataskalaf, matakalif, sani'). However, for term temper our classic critics typically used numerous synonymous words which, in fact, indicated the same meaning. Such terms as temper, innate, genius, talent, disposition, wittiness, and intuition are all represent poetical faculty, or poetical energy of a poet. Despite diversified, such dichotomous criticism terms are synonymous; a poet, for instance, should already have the inspiration and poetical faculty in order to compose poetry. Only then and next to temper comes assuming (sana'a) and pretending (takaluf) by a poet in an effort to produce improved and reviewed poetry which reflect development of a community.

Keywords

Mushthalahah, Thab’i, Shan’i , Naqd

ةمدقم ٌبذهطصًنا ٌازْ ُذؼٚ

( خؼَُصنأ غجَطنا )

ٍي

ذهغش ٙزنا خًٚذقنا خٛثشؼنا خٚذقُنا دبذهطصًنا ةشؼنا دبقُُنا لبطأ طبٛقي ٕٓف ، ىٚذقنا ٙثشؼنا ذقُنا ٌبذهطصًنا ٌازْ ؤشَ ذقف ، ّٛهػ فٕقٕنا ٗياذقنا عدبجنا ذُػ خثبطخنبث ٌبطجرشي (

د ـْ255 ) ٙف "

ٍٛٛجزنأ ٌبٛجنا "

لبق بًُٛد " :

ةشؼهن ءٙش مكٔ

كبُْ ذغٛنٔ وبٓنإ َّأٔ ،لبجرسأ خٓٚذث ْٕ بًَإف بًَإٔ ،خَبؼزعا لأ شكف خنبجإ لأ ،حذثبكي لأ حبَبؼي وٕٚ ضجس ٗنإ ،ولاكنا ٗنإ ًّْٔ فشصٚ ٌأ ْٕ

ٔذذٚ ٔأ ،شئث طأس ٗهػ خزًٚ ٍٛد ٔأ ،وبصخنا عاشص ذُػ ٔأ ،خهقبًُُنا ٔأ خػسبقًُنا ذُػ ٔأ ،شٛؼجث ٗنإ ًّْٔ فشصٚ ٌأ ّلاإ ْٕ بًف ،ةشد ٙف ٔأ ّٛرؤزف ،ذصقُٚ ّٛنإ ٘زنا دًٕؼنا ٗنإٔ ،تْزًنا خهًج ًًلابعسإ َٙبؼًنا (

ًبجإفأ ) ىص ،ًلابٛضَا ظبفنلأا ُلبضُرٔ ،

ِذنٔ ٍي ًًاذدأ ّعسذٚ لأ ،ّغفَ ٗهػ ِذِٛقُٚ لا "

( ،ٍٛٛجزنأ ٌبٛجنا -49

د ،50 . د ) .

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Volume 6, Nomor 1, April 2011 – ISSN 1693-4725

Qiroah fii Aafaaq Mushthalahay al-Thab’i wa al-Shan’i

خ ةمتا غجَطنا خٛعقن ضجًٕنا ضشؼنا ازْ ٍي خعزٚ

وبًزْا دسبصأ ٙزنا خًٚذقنا خٚذقُنا خٛثشؼنا خؼَُصنأ

خصلاص ٗهػ شؼشنا ٌأ ،ٗياذقنا ةشؼنا دبقُنا طؼث

ْٙ ةشظأ :

لأأ : عٕجطًّنا شؼشنا :

فَهكزٚ لأ ،ًإفػ ٙرؤٚ ٘زنا

ٌإنأ طؼث ّٛف ءبج بي ارإف ،ِذٓج شػبشنا ّٛف ٕفػ ٙرؤٚ مث ،دٕصقي شٛغ ٕٓق ٙؼٚذجنا فشخضنا

شطبخنا .

َٙبضنأ

: عُٕصًّنا شؼشنا :

ٗنإ ةشقأ ْٕٔ

شّٛغُٚ ّجبزَإ ذُػ شػبشنا فقٚ ّٛفٔ ،عٕجطًّنا ُٙعٚ لأ ،ٙؼٚذث ٍّغذي ٗنإ مصٚ ٙك ؛لِذجُٚٔ

ٙؼٚذجنا ٍّغذًنا ازٓن ُٗؼًنا عبعخإ ٙف ّغفَ

.

شنبضنأ

: فهكزًنا ٔأ غُصزًنا شؼشنا :

َىْ ٌٕكٚٔ

ظًهزٚٔ ،خؼُّصنبث ِشؼش لأًٚ ٌأ لٔلأا شػبشنا ُٗؼًنا ٌٕكٚ ٌأ ٙنبجٚ لأ ،ًبْشكٔ ًبػٕط فسبخضنا

ًبفٚشش ٔأ ًاذٛؼث ٔأ ًبٓفبر ٔأ ًبعيبغ

.

عجارملا

ةبزك طشفنا ٕثأ ،َٙبٓفصلأا

"

َٙبغلأا

"

.

و1980

. دٔشٛث ٌبُجن ،ظيبخنا ءضجنا :

ٙثشؼنا ساشزنا ءبٛدإ ساد .

٘ذيٜا .

و1970

.

ٍٛٛئربطنا ٍٛث خَصإًنا .

ٍٚذنا ٙذي ذًذي قٛقذر .

ٌبُجن : تزكنا ىنبػ .

تٛطخنا ،٘ضٚشجزنا .

و1970

. خعبًذنا ٌإٚد حشش .

ٌبُجن – تزكنا ىنبػ، دٔشٛث .

ٍٛٛجزنأ ٌبٛجنا ، شذث ٍث ٔشًػ ،عدبجنا .

دٔشٛث ٌبُجن ،ٌٔسبْ ولاغنا ذجػ قٛقذر ،شنبضنا ءضجنا :

ساد

د ،مٛجنا .

د .

فٚششنا ،َٙبجشجنا .

و1985 . دبفٚشؼزنا .

ٌبُجن – دٔشٛث :

ٌبُجن خجزكي .

ٙهػ ٙظبقنا ،َٙبجشجنا .

و1966

.

ّيٕصخٔ ٙجُزًنا ٍٛث خطبعٕنا .

ذًذي ٙهػٔ معفنا ٕثأ ذًذي قٛقذر

٘ٔبججنا .

ٌبُجن – دٔشٛث : خٚشصؼنا خجزكًنا .

وّلاع ٍث ذًذي ،ٙذًُجنا .

و1974

.

َٙذًنا خؼجطي ، حشْبقنا ،شصي ، شكبش ذًذي دًٕذي ّدششٔ ِأشق .

خجٛزق ٍثا ،٘سُٕٚذنا .

و1985

. ٌبُجن ، خَٛبضنا خؼجطنا ،خذًٛق ذٛفي قٛقذر ،ءاشؼشنأ شؼشنا –

دٔشٛث :

ساد

خًٛهؼنا تزكنا .

َٙبيُشنا . خُع ٌٔد .

فهخ ذًذي قٛقذر ، ،صبجػلإا ٙف مئبعس سلاص ًٍظ ، ىٚشكنا ٌآشقنا صبجػإ ٙف ذكُنا

لٕهغص ذًذئ ،للها .

شصي - حشْبقنا : فسبؼًنا ساد .

د ،للها فٛظ .

ٙقٕش .

و1976

.

ٙثشؼنا شؼشنا ٙف ّجْازئ ٍّفنا .

شصي - فسبؼًنا ساد ، حشْبقنا .

ذًذي ،واّضػ .

و1995

.

ٙثشؼنا ٙثدلأا ساشزنا ٍي خٚذقَ دبذهطصي .

بٚسٕع –

حساصٔ داسٕشُي ، قشيد

خفبقضنا .

للاْ ٕثأ ،٘شكغؼنا .

و1985

. ٌبُجن ، خذًٛق ذٛفي قٛقذر –

، خًٛهؼنا تزكنا ساد ،دٔشٛث

لإّف وبؼَأ ،٘ٔبّكػ .

ٌبُجن ،خغلاجنا وٕهػ ٙف مصفًنا ىجؼًنا 19

– دٔشٛث : خًٛهؼنا تزكنا ساد .

قٛشس ٍثا ،َٙأشٛقنا .

و1996

. ٘سإٓنا ٘ذنا حلاص حششٔ ىٚذقر ،ِذقَٔ ّثادآٔ شؼشنا ٍعبذي ٙف حذًؼنا

ٌبُجن،حدٕػ ٖذْٔ

–

ٌبُجن خجزكئ ساد ، دٔشٛث .

َٙبثصشًنا .

و1995

.

ٍٚذنا ظًش ٍٛغد ذًذي ىٚذقرٔ قٛقذر ءاشؼشنا ٗهػ ءبًهؼنا زدآي ٙف خشًٕنا .

ٌبُجن –

دٔشٛث : خًٛهؼنا تزكنا ساد .

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207 Muhammad Majid Al-Dakeel Volume 6, Nomor 1, April 2011 – ISSN 1693-4725

سٕظُي ٍثا ،٘شصًنا .

خُع ٌٔد .

ةشؼنا ٌبغن .

ٌبُجن – سدبص ساد ، دٔشٛث .