Mayasari Putri, The Translation of Standard Metaphor in The Maze Runner Novel By James Dashner. This research discusses standard metaphor translation in James Dashner novel entitled “The Maze Runner.” Here the researcher studies the novel as the unit of analysis. How are the translation of Standard Metaphor to Indonesian in The Maze Runnernovel by James Dashner viewed from Newmark’s procedure of metaphor.
The research will complete and give more information about standard metaphor in translation of The Maze Runner Novel. It gives a description about standard metaphor in the novel The Maze Runner that the researcher chooses as a unit analysis.
INTRODUCTION
- Background of The Study
- Focus of The Study
- Research Question
- Significance of The Study
- Research Methodology
- The Objectives of Research
- The Method of Research
- The Instrument of The Research
- The Unit of Analysis
- The Technique of Data Analysis
3Nidya Sari Pratiwi, The Translation Of Metaphor In The Shiver Novel From English Into Indonesian”, (Jakarta: Faculty of English Letters Departments, State Islamic University Jakarta, 2014). According to Tajali (in Fadaee he stated that figurative language has the purpose in three elements as he mentioned“The language that uses figures of speech is called ‘figurative language’ and ‘its purpose is to serve three elements of clarity, forth, and beauty in the language.” The aim of figurative language is to give the clarity because it explains about the comparison of the different things which has meaning behind its expression. Peter Newmark stated that this type is a metaphorical neologism which spread rapidly in the source language.
In this analysis the researcher describes the translation of standard metaphor that occurs in the novel The Maze Runner. Because this sentence was translated same image from source text to in the target text. The procedure of translation used is replacing the image in the SL with a standard TL image.
In the sentence was not translated literally because the reader would not get real meaning of metaphor. In the sentence was not translated literally because if it translated to memeras the reader would not get real meaning of metaphor. So, the reader can interpret the word or phrase in the sentence containing the metaphorical meaning.
Metaphors In The Translation Of English Technical Texts Into Malay: A Preliminary Study from http://aessweb.com/journal-detail.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Previous Research
The second study is entitled Metaphors In The Translation Of English Technical Texts Into Malay: A Preliminary Study by Sharmini Abdullah, Centre for International Languages, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia and Mark Shuttleworth, Translation Studies Unit, Imperial College London, United Kingdom. The discussion of this paper not only centres on metaphors playing an important role in the explanation of scientific and technical concepts but also investigates the extent to which metaphors are used in the translation of English to Malay technical texts. The discussion will look into the hypothesis on how the usage of metaphors in the ST (source text) compares to that the TT (target text).
The analysis will indicate the main ways in which metaphorical expressions are rendered from English to Malay.4. The third is entitled Strategies of Metaphor Translation by Brankica Bojovic, PhD, Associate Professor, Alpha University, Belgrade. Besides them, there can be found some specific regular patterns which can help students in the cognitive mechanism of translating metaphors.
This paper discusses the usefulness of Newmark’s dual theory of semantic and communicative methods of translation. He proposes seven strategies of metaphor translation that are here analysed, discussed and illustrated by a corpus from classes. 4Sharmini Abdullah and Mark Shuttleworth, Metaphors In The Translation Of English Technical Texts Into Malay: A Preliminary Study , 2013) from http://aessweb.com/journal-detail.
Therefore, the researcher is interested in studying about the translation of standard metaphor and the researcher focuses on the procedures translation of standard metaphor based on James Dashner of novel The Maze Runner comparing to the three researches above.
Definition of Translation
What translators aim to hold constant in translation is meaning rather than form as Machali says that translation is an act of recreating meaning, not that of creating meaning.
The Process of Translation
The reformulation of the text in relation to the writer’s intention, the readers expectation, the appropriate norms of the TL.10.
Figurative Language
Furthermore, the more comparison used by the author in the novel, the better of his work to be read by the reader. In addition, it also proves that the use of figurative language has made the language more colorful, rich, and aesthetic. Perrine divided it becomes ten kinds, they are metaphor, simile, synecdoche, personification, metonymy, allegory, overstatement (hyperbole), irony, symbol, and paradox.14 Rozakis divided into allegory, ambiguity, apostrophe, conceit, connotation and denotation, contrast, metaphor, irony, hyperbole, litotes, metonymy, onomatopoeia, oxymoron, personification, sarcasm,.
Rozakis stated that “A metaphor is a comparison without the words like or as.”16 This statement is supported by Perrine, he declared that “In metaphor the comparison is implied that is, the figurative term is substituted for or identified with the literal term.”17From those statements, we can get the point that metaphor is the process of comparing two unlike things as if they are one. This thing happened because metaphor does not have connective words such as like, as, than, similar to and seems determining them as figurative. Actually, metaphor has the way to determine the process of carrying meaning in this expression.
According to Bradford, he explained two processes of metaphor; they are tenor and vehicle based on Richards’s theory (1936).18 He describes that the tenor of metaphor is idea or the principal object discussed, meanwhile the vehicle is the analogy or the image that describes the object. The main point of Bradford’s explanation about the process of metaphor has described that the tenor is the main concept and the vehicle is the analogy of the concept itself. The word wolf in this expression does not indicate that the man is real animal which has tail and canine tooth but it explains the characteristics of wolf used to describe the man.
Otherwise, the reader also can interpret the man is a wolf is wild or brave man.
Types of Metaphor
This type is an expressive text to get the reader reaction from the content of the texts. Then, it is used for giving the additional clear explanation and connotative information but it does not matter if the translator should remove it from the text because it should be inefficient. However, the translator has to get rid of cliches to simple and more effective sense if the text is well understood to the reader.
Recent metaphor designating new objects or process is treated like other new word information with certain reference to the level language of the metaphor and the anonymous metaphorical neologism of this type has become generally used in the source language. Peter Newmark stated that original metaphor is created or quoted by the source language writer. In principle, in authoritative and expressive text, these should be translated literally, whether they are universal, cultural or obscurely subjective”.27 Take this passage as an example:“they’ve never met a warrior dreamwalker”.28The translator translates the word dreamwalker originally in the target language and its meaning isn’t change in target language.
In this procedure, the translator has to translate the image in source language that has comparable frequency and currency image in the target language while this type is hardly to translate because translating this type is rare and depends on the culture of target language. To translate the metaphor as this procedure, the translator may replace the image in the source language which does not clash with the culture in the target language but which like most standard metaphors, proverbs, etc. In the English, the time is assumed as money and Arabian assumed the time as shaif or sword.
There is often a case for converting such metaphors to sense in the translation, whether in the target language or not, simply because they are so stereotype.32. Peter Newmark stated that “A decision of this nature can be made only after the translator has weighed up what he thinks more important and what less important in the text in relation to its intention. A deletion of metaphor can be justified empirically only on the ground that the metaphor’s function is being fulfilled elsewhere in the text.35 Example: His sharp, razor-edge wit.36.
The Function of Metaphor
RESEARCH FINDING
Data Description
Data Analysis
The procedure of translation used is translation of metaphor by simile by simile plus sense. The underline sentence Despair hung in the air like the smoke from the map room was translated literally into Keputusannya menggantung di udara seperti asap yang membumbung dari ruang peta. Because Despair hung in the air is reflected image like the smoke from the map room.
ST: Strangely enough, he felt his fear whisked away like a swarm of gnats caught in the wind, replaced by an intense curiosity. The underline sentence he felt his fear whisked away like a swarm of gnats caught in the wind was translated rasa takutnya seolah lenyap dalam sekejap seperti sekumpulan serangga yang tersapu angin. Tersapu angin shown to fear missing like insect in the wind, usually swept shown to dust.
The sentence My finger are bloody burning like a mother.Although the word like a mother is omitted, it is does not affect message of source text in the target text. The procedure of translation used is translation of metaphor by the same metaphor combined with sense. In this unit analysis, the researcher has tried to reach some conclusions as the issue of translating the metaphorical language in the novel.
Readers can also classify the words and phrases that contain of standard metaphor to understand the implied meaning in the novel.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
Conclusion
Reading the novel The Maze Runner, underlining the sentence or phrase which has standard metaphor form, then find out the meaning of the sentence, identifying the standard metaphor which has marked, analyzing the sentence. In answering the research question, the researcher concludes that the reseracher uses the procedure of translating the standard metaphor of Peter Newmark, there are 7 procedure of translating the standard metaphor to get the message from source language to target language.
Suggestion
