ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۰ , ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ۲ ، ۱۳۸۸ ) ۹۸ ‐ ۹۳ (
ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ * :
ﻲﻨﺴﺣ ﺎﺿﺭﺪﻤﺤﻣ
ﻦﻔﻠﺗ : ۳۹۲۰۰۲۹
‐ ۰۹۱۳ E-mail: mreza.hassani@yahoo.com
ﻴﻐﺗ ﻴ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺕﺍﺮ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ
Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)
ﻥﺎﺠﻨﺴﻓﺭ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻨﺴﺣ ﺎﺿﺭﺪﻤﺤﻣ
*۱
ﻲﻧﻼﺒﻨﻗ ﻱﺭﻮﻧ ﺮﻳﺪﻗ ،
،۲
ﻱﺩﺰﻳﺍ ﻩﺰﻤﺣ ﻲﻋﺎﺠﺷ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﻭ ۳
۴
۱ ، ﺭﺎﻳﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﺴﻓﺭ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،
۲ ، ﺑﺩﺭﺍ ،ﻲﻠﻴﺑﺩﺭﺍ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﻴ
۳ ، ﺭﺎﻳﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ
، ﻥﺎﺠﻨﺴﻓﺭ ،ﺮﺼﻌﻴﻟﻭ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ
۴ ، ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻩﺮﺸﺣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ
) ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
۹ / ۹ / –۸۸ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
۵ / ۱۲ / ۸۸ (
ﻩﺪﻴﮑﭼ
ﻞﻴﺴﭘ
ﻪﺘﺴﭘ Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer ، ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ،
ﻢﻬﻣ ﻓﺁ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺎ ﺕ
ﻥﺎﺘﺧﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﺩ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﮐ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻓﺁ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺎﮔ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ،ﻲﻳﺍﺮﺤﺻ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﮏﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻓﺁ ﻲﻘﻴﻔﻠﺗ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻲﻃ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﻭ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ،ﻢﺨﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻲﻠﺼﻓ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ۱۳۸۶ ﻭ ۱۳۸۷ ﺎﺠﻨﺴﻓﺭ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺪﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥ
. ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻩﺮﺸﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ ۶
ﻞﺴﻧ
ﺺﻗﺎﻧ ﻞﺴﻧ ﮏﻳ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ )
ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ﻞﺴﻧ (
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ .
،ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﻭ ﻢﺨﺗ ﻞﺴﻧ
ﺎﻫ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻭﺩ ﻲﻃ ﻢﺸﺷ ﺎﺗ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻱ ۲
/ ۵
± ۸ / ۲۷ ، ۶ / ۲
± ۴ / ۲۷ ﻭ
۹ / ۱
± ۱ / ۲۷ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺯﻭﺭ .
ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻢﺨﺗ
ﻭ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ
ﻢﺨﺗ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ،ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻣ ،ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ
ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ .
ﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻱﺪﻴﻠﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ ،ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ :
Agonoscena pistaciae
، ،ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ
ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲ .
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
،ﻪﺘﺴﭘ Pistacia vera L.
ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ، ﻢﻬﻣ
ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻲﻏﺎﺑ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ .
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺩﺎﻳﺩﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺸﮐ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ .
ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ
ﻥﺎﺠﻨﺴﻓﺭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ ) Sheibani et al., 1995; Razavi, 2005 .(
ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ
، Agonoscena pistaciae
Burckhardt & Lauterer ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ،
ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻓﺁ ﺎ ﺕ
ﻥﺎﺘﺧﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻳﺍ ﻥﺍﺮ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺭﺩ ﻩﺮﺸﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ
ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻭ
ﺲﭘ ﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻔﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻥﺎﺘﺧﺭﺩ ﻞﻳﺍﻭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ
ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ
ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﮐ . ﻭ ﺖﺸﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻓﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﻭ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ
ﻱﻭﺭ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺓﺮﻴﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺧﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﺢﺷﺮﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﮏﻠﺴﻋ ،ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ
ﺪﻨﮐ . ﻦﻳﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ
،ﻲﻧﺍﺪﻨﺧﺎﻧ ،ﻥﺪﺷ ﺰﻐﻣ ﻢﻴﻧ ،ﻥﺪﺷ ﮎﻮﭘ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻩﺮﺸﺣ ﺎﮐ ﻩﻮﻴﻣ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺶﻫ ﻲﻣ
ﺩﻮﺷ . ﺎﺑ ﻩﺮﺸﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ
ﺯﺍ ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺪﻋﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺵﺰﻳﺭ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻲﻣ
ﺩﻮﺷ .
ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﻩﺮﺸﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺵﺰﻳﺭ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ،ﻝﺎﺳ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ
ﺎﻫ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻩﻮﻴﻣ ﻱ
ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﺗﺁ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻲﻣ
ﺩﻮﺷ (Esmaili, 1996;
Samih et al. 2005; Hassani, 2009) .
ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻓﺁ ﻲ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ
۹۴
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﻥ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۲ ، ۱۳۸۸
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻱﺮﻣﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺁ ﻲﻘﻴﻔﻠﺗ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ .
ﻡﺎﮔ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﮏﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻓﺁ ﺮﻫ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،ﺹﺎﺧ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ
ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻲ
ﻊﻤﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﺤﺻ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ
ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺖﻓﺁ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻒﻌﺿ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ
ﺩﻮﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ (Dastgheyb –
Beheshti & Seyedoleslami, 1987) .
ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻠﺴﻧ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻱﺍ ﻩﺮﺸﺣ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻲﻳﺍﻮﻫ ﻭ ﺏﺁ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺴﻧ
ﺎﻫ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻱ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﮐ . Assar ) ٢٠٠١ ( ﻭ Dezianian & Sahragard
) ٢٠٠٤ ( ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻲ ﻥﺎﻐﻣﺍﺩ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ .
ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻓﺎﮐ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﺴﻓﺭ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻓﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲ ﻢﻬﻣ
ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ
ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﺤﺻ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻓﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻃ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
١٣٨٦ ﻭ ١٣٨٧ ﺪﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ .
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻓ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻢﺨﺗ ﻭ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ
.
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ
ﺎﻫ
ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻲﻠﺼﻓ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻲﻠﺼﻓ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ
ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ
ﻲﻃ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ١٣٨٦ ﻭ ١٣٨٧ ﺩ ﺭ ﺑ ﻍﺎ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻱﺍ ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﺭﺎﺘﮑﻫ ﻢﻴﻧ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ
ﺪﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﺴﻓﺭ .
ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ١٢
ﺩﺪﻋ ﻪﻠﺗ
ﮓﻧﺭ ﺩﺭﺯ ﻩﺪﻨﺒﺴﭼ
ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻪﺑ ٢٠
× ١٠ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺮﺘﻤﻴﺘﻧﺎﺳ
ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ١٠ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﮑﻳ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﻕﺮﺷ ﻭ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﺭﺩ
ﻧ ﺼ ﺐ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ .
ﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺕ
Seyedoleslami et al.
(2002) ﻪﻠﺗ ﻭ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻕﺮﺷ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻲﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﹰﺎﺤﻴﺟﺮﺗ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﮐ .
ﻥﺎﺑﺁ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺎﺗ ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻭﺮﻓ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ١٣٨٦ ﻭ ١٣٨٧ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺯﺍ
ﻪﻠﺗ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻳﺩﺯﺎﺑ
ﺮﺸﺣ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺍ
ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺷ ﺭﺎﮑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻭ ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﻠﺗ ﺮﻫ
ﺖﺒﺛ ﺷ ﺪ . ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ
ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﺖﺑﻮﻧ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻠﺗ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻱ
، ﻪﻠﺗ ﺎﻫ ﺪﺷ ﺾﻳﻮﻌﺗ ﺪﻧ
. ﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻱ ﻲﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻢﺳﺭ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻲﻠﺼﻓ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻞﺴﻧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﮏﻳ ﺮﻫ
ﻞﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻱ .
ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﺼﻓ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ
ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﻭ ﻢﺨﺗ
ﻲﻠﺼﻓ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ
ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﻭ ﻢﺨﺗ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ
ﺰﻴﻧ
ﻲﻃ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ١٣٨٦ ﻭ ١٣٨٧ ﺭﺩ ﻍﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ
ﺭﺎﺘﮑﻫ ﻢﻴﻧ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻍﺎﺑ ﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺪ
. ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
٢٠ ﻪﻠﺻﺍ ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﻱﺪﺣﻭﺍ ﻢﻗﺭ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ
ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻍﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻦﺳ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻢﻫ ﹰﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ
ﻭ
ﺖﻣﻼﻋ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ .
ﺯﺍ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻭﺮﻓ ﻞﻳﺍﻭﺍ
ﻥﺪﺷ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺧﺭﺩ ﻱ ﺎﺗ
ﺵﺰﻳﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻑﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺁ ﻞﻳﺍﻭﺍ
،ﻥﺎﺘﺧﺭﺩ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺍ
ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺯ ٢
ﮒﺮﺑ ) ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ٤٠
ﮒﺮﺑ ( ﺎﺼﺗ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻓﺩ
ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻴﭼ
ﺪﺷ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺪﻧ
. ﻭ ﻢﺨﺗ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ
ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺖﺸﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﭽﮔﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻨﮐ
ﺖﺳﺍﺭ ﺖﻤﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﮏﻳ
ﭖﻮﮑﺳﻭﺮﮑﻴﻣﻮﻳﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺖﺒﺛ ﻭ ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ
ﺷ ﺪ . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ
ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﻭ ﻢﺨﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ .
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻢﺳﺭ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﻭ ﻢﺨﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻲﻠﺼﻓ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻲﻠﺼﻓ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ،ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﺴﻧ ﺯﺍ ﮏﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺎﻫ
ﻞﺴﻧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ
ﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ .
ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻓ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ
ﻭ ﻢﺨﺗ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ
ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﺮﺑ
ﻭ ﻢﺨﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻓ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ
ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ
، ﻍﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ١٠
ﻱﺪﺣﻭﺍ ﻢﻗﺭ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﻪﻠﺻﺍ
ﻦﺳ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻢﻫ ﹰﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ
ﺯﺎﺑ ﻥﺪﺷ
ﮒﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺧﺭﺩ )
ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻭﺮﻓ ﻂﺳﺍﻭﺍ (
ﺵﺰﻳﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺎﺗ ﮒﺮﺑ
ﺎﻫ
) ﻥﺎﺑﺁ ﻞﻳﺍﻭﺍ (
ﻪﺳ ﺯﺍ ﭘ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻦﻴﻳﺎ ) ﻱﺮﺘﻣ ﮏﻳ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ (
،
ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻣ ) ﻱﺮﺘﻣ ﻢﻴﻧ ﻭ ﮏﻳ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ (
ﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ ) ﻱﺮﺘﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ (
ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱ .
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱ ﺮﻫ
ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ٤
ﮒﺮﺑ ) ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ١٢
ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﮒﺮﺑ
ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ٣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ (
ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﺖﻤﺳ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﭼ
ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺪﺟ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍ
ﯽﻨﺴﺣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ :
ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ...
۹۵
ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﮏﻳ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﮑﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﻪﺴﻴﮐ ﺐﺼﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﺖﮑﻴﺗﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻱﻭﺎﺣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﺑ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﮏﻳ
ﭖﻮﮑﺳﻭﺮﮑﻴﻣﻮﻳﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
ﻢﺨﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺸﭘ
ﻭ
ﺮﻫ ﻱﻭﺭ ﮔﺮﺑ ﺖﺳﺍﺭ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻱﺭﺎﻨﮐ ﻪﭽ ﺪﺷ ﺖﺒﺛ ﻭ ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ
.
ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺘﻔﻫ ﮏﻳ ﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻪ .
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻁ
ﻭ ﻢﺨﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ
٣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻢﺳﺭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ
ﺗ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺰﻳﺮﻤﺨﺗ ﻞﺤﻣ ﺢﻴﺟﺮ
ﺭﺩ ٣
ﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ .
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻲﻠﺼﻓ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻱ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮﻴﮔ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻱ
ﻲﻃ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﻝﺎﺳ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ١٣٨٦ ﻭ ١٣٨٧ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﺴﻓﺭ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺮﺸﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
٦ ﻞﺴﻧ
ﺺﻗﺎﻧ ﻞﺴﻧ ﮏﻳ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ )
ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ﻞﺴﻧ (
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ
) ﻞﮑﺷ ١ .(
ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺝﻭﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ،ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ
ﺭﻭﺩ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻩ
ﺯﺍ ﮏﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻞﺴﻧ
ﺎﻫ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ١٣٨٦
ﻭ
١٣٨٧ ﮑﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻞ ١ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ .
ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ، ١٣٨٧
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﺩﻭﺯ ١٣٨٦
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ .
ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ١٣٨٧
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ١٣٨٦
ﻩﺩﻮﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﺯﺍ ﮏﻳ ﻞﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻭﺩ ﻲﻃ ﻢﺸﺷ ﺎﺗ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻱ
٨ / ٢
± ٢٧ ، ١ / ٧
± ٣٣ ، ٣٤ ، ٥ / ٣
± ٥ / ٢٢ ، ١ / ٧
± ٢٩ ﻭ
١ / ٢
± ٥ / ٢١ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺯﻭﺭ .
ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﻞﺴﻧ
ﺎﻫ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱ )
ﻢﺸﺷ ﺎﺗ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻞﺴﻧ (
ﻝﺎﺳ ﻭﺩ ﻲﻃ ٢
/ ٥
± ٨ / ٢٧ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺯﻭﺭ .
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
1/2 1/9 1/16 1/23 1/30 2/6 2/13 2/20 2/27 3/3 3/10 3/17 3/24 3/31 4/7 4/14 4/21 4/28 5/4 5/11 5/18 5/25 6/1 6/8 6/15 6/22 6/29 7/5 7/12 7/19 7/26 8/3
ﺩﺭﺯ ﻪﻠﺗ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻩﺮﺸﺣ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ لﺎﺳ رد ﻞﻣﺎﻛ هﺮﺸﺣ داﺪﻌﺗ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
1386 1387لﺎﺳ رد ﻞﻣﺎﻛ هﺮﺸﺣ داﺪﻌﺗ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﻞﮑﺷ ١
‐ ﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﺒﺴﭼ ﮓﻧﺭ ﺩﺭﺯ ﻪﻠﺗ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻲﻠﺼﻓ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲ
١٣٨٦ ﻭ ١٣٨٧
ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﻭ ﻢﺨﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻲﻠﺼﻓ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻱ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻢﺨﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻱ
ﺭﻮﭘ ﻭ ﻩ ﻲﻃ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻝﺎﺳ
ﺎﻫ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻱ ١٣٨٦
ﻭ ١٣٨٧
ﻥﺎﺠﻨﺴﻓﺭ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺮﺸﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ٦
ﻞﺴﻧ
ﺺﻗﺎﻧ ﻞﺴﻧ ﮏﻳ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ )
ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ﻞﺴﻧ (
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ )
ﻞﮑﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ٢ ﻭ ٣ .(
ﻢﺨﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ﻞﺴﻧ ﻱ
ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺎﻳ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﺦﻳﺮﻔﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻲﮔﺭﻮﭘ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ
ﺪﻧﺰﻳﺭ . ﻪﺑ ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ﻞﺴﻧ ،ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺺﻗﺎﻧ ﻞﺴﻧ ﮏﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ .
ﻭ ﻢﺨﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ
۹۶
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﻥ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۲ ، ۱۳۸۸
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ١٣٨٧
ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ١٣٨٦
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﻱﺰﻳﺮﻤﺨﺗ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ١٣٨٧
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﺩﻭﺯ ١٣٨٦
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ .
ﻝﻮﻃ ،ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ،ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ
ﺯﺍ ﮏﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻳﺮﻤﺨﺗ ﺝﻭﺍ ﻭ ﻞﺴﻧ ﺮﻫ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻞﺴﻧ
ﺎﻫ ﺭﺩ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ١٣٨٦ ﻭ ١٣٨٧ ﺭﺩ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ٢ ﻭ ٣ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ .
ﻤﺨﺗ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻱﺰﻳﺮ
ﺯﺍ ﮏﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﻞﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻭﺩ ﻲﻃ ﻢﺸﺷ ﺎﺗ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻱ
٥ / ٣
± ٥ / ٢٥ ، ٧ / ٠
± ٥ / ٣٠
، ٣٠ / ٢
± ٥ / ٢٥ ، ٣٠ ﻭ ١ / ٢
± ٥ / ٢٥
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺯﻭﺭ .
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻢﺨﺗ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻞﺴﻧ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ) ﻢﺸﺷ ﺎﺗ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻞﺴﻧ (
ﻝﺎﺳ ﻭﺩ ﻲﻃ ٦
/ ٢
± ٤ / ٢٧ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ
. ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﻱﺰﻳﺮﻤﺨﺗ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﻪﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ
ﻥﺪﺷ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﮒﺮﺑ
ﺎﻫ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻭ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺯﺎﺑ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﻢﺨﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻱ
ﮒﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻞﺴﻧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺰﻳﺮﻤﺨﺗ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ
ﺪﺸﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ .
ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻭﺩ ﻲﻃ ﻢﺸﺷ ﺎﺗ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻞﺴﻧ ﺓﺭﻮﭘ ١ / ٢
± ٥ / ٢٩ ، ٢٤ ، ٧ / ٠
± ٥ / ٢٦ ، ٢ / ٤
± ٢٧ ، ٢ / ٤
± ٢٧ ﻭ
١ / ٢
± ٥ / ٢٨ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺯﻭﺭ .
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻝﻮﻃ
ﻞﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱ )
ﻢﺸﺷ ﺎﺗ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻞﺴﻧ (
ﻝﺎﺳ ﻭﺩ ﻲﻃ
٩ / ١
± ١ / ٢٧ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺯﻭﺭ .
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
1/9 1/16 1/23 1/30 2/6 2/13 2/20 2/27 3/3 3/10 3/17 3/24 3/31 4/7 4/14 4/21 4/28 5/4 5/11 5/18 5/25 6/1 6/8 6/15 6/22 6/29 7/5 7/12 7/19
ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ
ﻲﻳﺎــﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﻪﭽﮔﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻢﺨﺗ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
1386 لﺎﺳ رد ﻢﺨﺗ داﺪﻌﺗ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ 1387 لﺎﺳ رد ﻢﺨﺗ داﺪﻌﺗ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﻭ ١٣٨٦ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻱﺎﻫﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻨﮐ ﻪﭽﮔﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻢﺨﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﻠﺼﻓ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ‐٢ ﻞﮑﺷ ١٣٨٧
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
1/9 1/16 1/23 1/30 2/6 2/13 2/20 2/27 3/3 3/10 3/17 3/24 3/31 4/7 4/14 4/21 4/28 5/4 5/11 5/18 5/25 6/1 6/8 6/15 6/22 6/29 7/5 7/12 7/19
ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ
ﻲﻳﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﻪﭽﮔﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
1386 لﺎﺳ رد ﻩرﻮﭘ داﺪﻌﺗ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ 1387 لﺎﺳ رد ﻩرﻮﭘ داﺪﻌﺗ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﻭ ١٣٨٦ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻱﺎﻫﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻨﮐ ﻪﭽﮔﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﺓﺭﻮﭘ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﻠﺼﻓ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ‐٣ ﻞﮑﺷ ١٣٨٧
ﯽﻨﺴﺣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ :
ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ...
۹۷
ﺍﺮﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻓ ﺶﻨﮐ
ﻭ ﻢﺨﺗ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ
ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻱ ١٣٨٦
ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻣ ،ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻢﺨﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ٧
/ ١
± ٤٠ / ١٤ ، ٠ / ٤
± ٦٠ / ٣١ ﻭ ٥ / ٤
± ٢٠ / ٣٦
ﻱﺭﺎﻨﮐ ﻪﭽﮔﺮﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺩﺪﻋ ﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ
) ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١ .(
،ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻳﺮﻤﺨﺗ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ
ﺎﻫ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺝﺎﺗ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻱ
ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺧﺭﺩ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ
ﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ
.
ﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻣ ،ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ٩
/ ٢
± ٧١ / ٢٠ ، ٨ / ٥
± ٣٤ / ٤٥ ﻭ ٦ / ٦
± ٨٥ / ٥٣ ﺩﺪﻋ
ﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻨﮐ ﻪﭽﮔﺮﺑ ﺮﺑ )
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١ .(
ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ،ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺝﺎﺗ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ .
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١
‐ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ )
±SE (Mean
ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﻭ ﻢﺨﺗ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ
ﻱﺭﺎﻨﮐ ﻪﭽﮔﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ
ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﻢﺨﺗ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ
٦a
/ ٦
± ٨٥ / ٥٣
٣٦/٢٠±٤/٥a ﻻﺎﺑ
٨b
/ ٥
± ٣٤ /
٤٥ ٣١/٦٠±٤/٠b ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻣ
٩c
/ ٢
± ٧١ /
٢٠ ١٤/٤٠±١/٧c ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻑﻭﺮﺣ*
ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ٥ % ﺖﺳﺍ .
ﺚﺤﺑ
ﺪﻨﻔﺳﺍ ﺮﺧﺍﻭﺍ ﺎﺗ ﻂﺳﺍﻭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻍﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ
ﻥﺪﺷ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻢﺨﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ
ﺎﻫ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ . ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻳﺮﻤﺨﺗ ﺕﺩﺎﻋ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ) Esmaili, 1996 .(
ﻪﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﻱﺰﻳﺮﻤﺨﺗ
ﻱﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺖﺸﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺍﺮﻔﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﮒﺮﺑ
ﺎﻫ
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ . ،ﻱﺍ ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﻱﺰﻳﺮﻤﺨﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻢﺨﺗ
ﺎﻫ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺬﮔ ﻩﺮﻳﺍﺩ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻩﺮﻳﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﻧ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻣ .
ﻉﻭﺮﺷ
ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﺎﻫ ﺍﻭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻱ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻭﺮﻓ ﻂﺳ
ﻥﺪﺷ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﮒﺮﺑ
ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻖﺒﻃ
Dezianian & Sahragard (2004)
ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﺎﻫ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻱ
ﻥﺪﺷ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﻐﻣﺍﺩ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﮒﺮﺑ
ﺎﻫ ﺯﺍ
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳﺩﺭﺍ ﻞﻳﺍﻭﺍ ﺎﺗ ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻭﺮﻓ ﺮﺧﺍﻭﺍ ﻲﻣ
ﺩﺮﻴﮔ .
ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻥﺎﺘﺧﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻓﺭ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻐﻣﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﺩﻭﺯ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﺴ
ﻡﺮﮔ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﻮﻫ ﻭ ﺏﺁ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﺴﻓﺭ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺗ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﻥﺎﻐﻣﺍﺩ .
ﻲﻠﺼﻓ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﻭ ﻢﺨﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ
ﻝﺎﺳ ١٣٨٦ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ١٦
/ ١ / ٨٦ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ١٣٨٧
ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ٩
/ ١ / ٨٧ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺎﺗ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ
ﺍﺩﺍ ﺮﻬﻣ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﻣ .
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ١٣٨٧
ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻭﺮﻓ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻩﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ١
/ ٤ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺱﻮﻴﺴﻠﺳ ١٣٨٦
ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺍﺬﻟ ،ﺩﻮﺑ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﺩﻭﺯ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﮏﻳ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻱﺰﻳﺮﻤﺨﺗ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ١٣٨٦ ﺪﺷ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ .
ﻲﻠﺼﻓ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﻭ ﻢﺨﺗ ،ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻲﻃ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ١٣٨٦ ﻭ ١٣٨٧ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺮﺸﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
ﻥﺎﺠﻨﺴﻓﺭ ٦
ﺺﻗﺎﻧ ﻞﺴﻧ ﮏﻳ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻞﺴﻧ )
ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ﻞﺴﻧ (
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ .
ﻢﺨﺗ ،ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ
ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﻭ ﻲﻣ
ﺪﻫﺩ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻪﮐ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻓﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ١٣٨٧
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ١٣٨٦
ﺖﺳﺍ .
ﻫﺎﻣﺩ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﻞﺼﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﻱﺎ
١٣٨٧ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ ١٣٨٦
، ٢ / ١ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺱﻮﻴﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻣﺩ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺮﺸﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ١٣٨٧
ﻝﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ١٣٨٦
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ Assar
(2001) ﻭ Dezianian &
Sahragard (2004)
ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻓﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻘ
،ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻱﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﮑﻳ ،ﻥﺎﻐﻣﺍﺩ ٥
ﻞﺴﻧ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺺﻗﺎﻧ ﻞﺴﻧ ﮏﻳ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ .
ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ،ﻥﺎﻐﻣﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﺴﻓﺭ ﻲﻳﺍﻮﻫ ﻭ ﺏﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﺴﻓﺭ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻞﺴﻧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ .
،ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﻭ ﻢﺨﺗ ﻞﺴﻧ
ﺎﻫ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻭﺩ ﻲﻃ ﻢﺸﺷ ﺎﺗ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻱ
٢ / ٥
± ٨ / ٢٧ ، ٦ / ٢
± ٤ / ٢٧ ﻭ ٩ / ١
± ١ / ٢٧ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺯﻭﺭ .
Dezianian & Sahragard (2004)
ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ
ﺍﺭ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻞﺴﻧ ٣٥
ﺎﺗ ٤٠ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺯﻭﺭ
ﻞﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺍﺭ ٢١ ﺎﺗ ٢٤ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺯﻭﺭ .
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻓ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱ ﻲﻠﺼ
ﻭ ﻢﺨﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ،ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﻩﺭﻮﭘ
ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻬﺑ ﻝﻮﺼﻓ ﻲﻃ ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻣ ١٣٨٦
ﺰﻴﻧ ﻱﺰﻳﺮﻤﺨﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ .
ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ
ﺎﻫ ﻲﻨﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻱ
ﺸﻴﺑ ﻱﺰﻳﺮﻤﺨﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺢﻴﺟﺮﺗ ،ﺮﺘ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻫﺩ . ﻩﺭﻮﭘ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻧ
ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻭ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ .
ﻖﺒﻃ
ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ Brunner
(1984) ﻲﺑﻼﮔ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ
ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻲﻨﻴﻳﺎﭘ .
ﺭﺩ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ
۹۸
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﻥ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۲ ، ۱۳۸۸
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﻴﺴﭘ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻱ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻪ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ ﻩﺯﺭﺎﺒﻣ .
ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻲﻣ
ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ،ﻱ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﮏﻳ ﺯﺍ
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻱ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱ
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ .
ﻱﺭﺍﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ
ﺳﺩ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﺖ
ﻲﻣﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻛﺭﺪﻧﺍ
ﻥﺎﺠﻨﺴﻓﺭ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ
ﺍﺭ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ
ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻩ ﺍ
ﺪﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ
ﺕﺮﻴﺼﺑ ﻱﺪﻬﻣ ﺱﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﻱﺎﻗﺁ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ
ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻜﺸﺗ ﻝﺎﻤﻛ
.
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