Archive of SID
ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ۹۸ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ
۹۹
ﻥﺎﻳﺰﺑﺁ ﻭ ﻡﺍﺩ ﺭﻮﻣﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺰﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻴﺷ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺯﺍﻮﻫﺍ ﻩﺎﮔﺭﺎﺘﺸﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﺸﮐ
ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻣﺎﻧ ﻥﺁ ﺲﻨﺟ ،ﻲﻠﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺘـﺳﺩ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫﺎﻧ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﻔـﺷﺁ ﻲـﺴﻨﺟ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺿﺭﺎﻋ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻴﺣ ﻥﺍﺪﻤﺨﺗ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺏﺫﺎﮐ ﺎﻳ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﻡﺮﻓ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﻝﺎﮑﺷﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﺭﻮﺑﺰﻣ ﻪﻌﻳﺎﺿ ﻥﺍﺪﻤﺨﺗ ﻭ ﻑﺮﻃ ﮏﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺪـﻤﺨﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻀﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻑﺮـﻃ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺪﻤﺨﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻀﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﮐﺮﺗ ،ﻲـﻓﺮﻃﻭﺩ ﻞﮑـﺷ ﻪـﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻀﻴﺑ ﻭ ۱۳۸۰ﻩﺎﻣﺮﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺎﻣ ۱۲ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺍﻮﻫﺍ ﻩﺎﮔﺭﺎﺘـﺸﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﺰﺑ ﻲﻠـﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺘـﺳﺩ ۷۲۱ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻑﺮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻀﻴﺑ ﺎﻳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪـﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺺﻴﺨـﺸﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ۰/ ۹۷ ﺭﺩ ﻲـﺴﻨﺟ ﻭﺩ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ۱۳۸۱ ﻩﺎﻣﺮﻬﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻐﻟ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﻧ ﺖﻳﺮﻓﻭﺩﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﻪﺒﺷ ﻲﭘﻮﮑﺳﻭﺮﮑﻴﻣ ﻭ ﻲﭘﻮﮑﺳﻭﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺭﺎﺘﺸﮐ ،ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ، ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﺰﺑ ، ﻲﺴﻨﺟﻭﺩ : ﻱﺪﻴﻠﮐ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻛ
Pajouhesh & Sazandegi
ﺯﺍﻮﻫﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻤﭼ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻣﺍﺩ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮕﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻳﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ،ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﺭﻮﮔ ﺪﻌﺳ • ﺯﺍﻮﻫﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻤﭼ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻣﺍﺩ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻱﮊﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑﻮﺗﺎﭘ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻳﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ،ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ﻞﻴﻋﺎﻤﺳﺍ ﺢﻟﺎﺻ • ﺯﺍﻮﻫﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻤﭼ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻣﺍﺩ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ، ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣﺁ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﺑﺍﺮﻬﺳ ﺪﻴﺠﻣ • ۱۳۸۳ ﻩﺎﻣ ﺪﻨﻔﺳﺍ :ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ۱۳۸۲ ﻩﺎﻣ ﺮﻴﺗ :ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ
Email:[email protected]
۱۳۸۴ ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ، ۶۸ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ
Pajouhesh & Sazandegi No:68 pp: 99-103
The study of the prevalence of intersex in slaughtered female goats in abattoir of Ahwaz
By: S. Goorani Nejad,Assistant Professor of Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of ,Ahwaz, Ahwaz, Iran., S. Esmaeil Zadeh, Assistant Professor of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of ,Ahwaz, Ahwaz,Iran., and M. Sohrabi., Graduated of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of ,Ahwaz, Ahwaz, Iran.
Intersex animal have disturbance in genital tract because of different abnormalities in reproductive organ and the sexuality is unknown. Intersex is a hermaphrodite form that is classified to true and pseudohermaphrodite. A true hermaphrodite has one or both gonads containing ovarian and testicular tissue (ovotestis) or has one male and one female gonad. In this survey 721 genital tracts of female goats were collected during 12 months, from October (2001) to October (2002) in Ahwaz abattoir. A total of 0.97% genital tracts of female goats showed intersex, that male pseudohermaphrodites confined with macroscopic and microscopic examination.
Keywords: Intersex, Female goat, Hermaphrodite, Abattoir
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Archive of SID
ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ۱۰۰ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ
۱۰۱
ﺭﺎﮐ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ
ﻲﺑﺎــﺴﺘﮐﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﻱﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫﺎﻧ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺎﻣ ۱۲ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻲﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺍﻮﻫﺍ ﻩﺎﮔﺭﺎﺘﺸﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﺸﮐ ﻱﺎﻫﺰﺑ ﻲﻠﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﺰﺑ ﻲﻠﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ۷۲۱ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،۱۳۸۱ ﻩﺎﻣﺮﻬﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻐﻟ ۱۳۸۰ ﻩﺎﻣﺮﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺸﮐ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺬﺧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ .ﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻩﺎﮔﺭﺎﺘﺸﮐ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻩﺎﮔﺭﺎﺘــﺸﮐ ﻱﺭﺎﮐ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻟﻭ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﺎﻫﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﻊﻤﺟ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻦﮑﻤﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﻪﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪــﺷﻻ ﻭ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﻲﻠــﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻪﺷﻻ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺍﺪﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻲﻠﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺎﺑ ۲ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻣﺍﺩ ﻩﺪﮑــﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺑ (ﻢﺣﺭ ﻥﺩﺮﮔ ﺖــﺸﭘ ﺯﺍ) ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻌﻳﺎﺿ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﺯﺍﻮﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻱﮊﻮﻟﻮﺗﺎﭘﻮﺘﺴﻴﻫ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻡﻭﺰﻟ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﭘﻮﮑﺳﻭﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻉﺎﺟﺭﺍ ﺯﺍﻮﻫﺍ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻣﺍﺩ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﮊﻮﻟﻮﺗﺎﭘ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻊﻃﺎﻘﻣ ،ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻩﺩ ﺮﻓﺎﺑ ﻦــﻴﻟﺎﻣﺮﻓ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺪــﺷ ﺭﺍﺪﻳﺎﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﺑﺰﻣ ﻊﻃﺎﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑﻴﻣ ۵ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﻪﺑ ﻲﭘﻮﮑــﺳﻭﺮﮑﻴﻣ .(۱۲) ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻱﺰﻴﻣﺁ ﮓﻧﺭ (۱۵ﺮﻳﺎﻣ)۱۴ﻦﻳﺯﻮﺋﺍ – ﻦﻴﻠﻴﺴﮐﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
۱۳۹ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺗﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﻳﺎﺿ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ۷۲۱ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺯﺍ ۰/۹۷) ﻲﻠﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ۷ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺴﻨﺟﻭﺩ ﻪﻌﻳﺎﺿ .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺪﻋ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ (ﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻌﻳﺎﺿ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ۵/۳۵ ﻭ ﺎﻫﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎــﺳ ،ﺎﻫ ﻥﺍﺪﻤﺨﺗ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻩﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮــﻫﺎﻇ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ.ﺪــﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻩﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣ ﻪﻀﻴﺑ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻡﺍﻮﻗ ﺎﺑ ﮓﻧﺭ ﻲﺗﺭﻮﺻ ،ﻞﮑــﺷ ﻱﻭﺮﮐ ،ﻲﻓﺮﻃﻭﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ۲ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ۵ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺑﺰﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎــﺳ ﺮﻄﻗ .ﺪــﺷ .(۱ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ) ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻤﻫ ﻪﻀﻴﺑ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺮﮐﺬﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎــﺳ ﻲﭘﻮﮑﺳﻭﺮﮑﻴﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻀﻴﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﺑﺎﻨﻴﺑ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ۱۶ﺯﺎــﺳ ﻲﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﻲﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻞﻴﮑﺸﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﻝﻮﻠﺳ .(۲ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ) ﺪــﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻱﺎﻫﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺯﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻡﺪﻳﺪﻴﭘﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ .(۳ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ) ﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺯ ﻡﺮﭙﺳﺍ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻢﻳﺪﻳﺪﻴﭘﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺩﻮﻬﺸﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺘــﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻀﻴﺑ ﺕﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ .(۴ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ)
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺩﻮــﺷﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﻴﺣ ﻪﺑ۱ﻲــﺴﻨﺟ ﻭﺩ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮــﺑ ﻪﺘﻔــﺷﺁ ﻲــﺴﻨﺟ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ
،ﻲﻠــﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺘــﺳﺩ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﻱﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫﺎﻧ .(۱۵،۱۳،۲) ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺺﺨــﺸﻣﺎﻧ ﻥﺁ ﺲــﻨﺟ ﺭﺎﻴــﺴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﻱﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫﺎﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻲــﮑﻳ ﻲــﺴﻨﺟ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﺕﺎــﻧﺍﻮﻴﺣ ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺩﺎــﻧ ﻱﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﻭ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻣﺎﻧ ﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟ ﻢﻏﺮﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﺿﺭﺎﻋ ﺮــﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ .(۱۳ ،۸ ،۲)ﻝﺎــﻌﻓ ﺮــﻴﻏ ﻲﻠــﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺴﻨﺟﻭﺩ .(۱۳،۲) ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻲﮑﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﻭ ﮒﺭﺰــﺑ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐﺭﺍﻮﺨــﺸﻧ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺜﮐﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ .(۱۳) ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻭﺎﮔ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﻝﺎﮑﺷﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﻪﻌﻳﺎﺿ
۲ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﺕﺭﻮــﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺪــﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﻤﺨﺗ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺖــﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ۳ﺏﺫﺎﮐ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﮐﺮﺗ ، ﻲﻓﺮﻃﻭﺩ ﻞﮑــﺷ ﻪﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻀﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻀﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﻤﺨﺗ ﻥﺍﺪﻤﺨﺗ ﻭ ﺖﻤــﺳ ﮏﻳ ﺭﺩ۴ﻪﻀﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﻤﺨﺗ ﻞﮑــﺷ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻑﺮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻀﻴﺑ ﺎــﻳ ﻪﺒﺷ ﻞﮑــﺷ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺏﺫﺎﮐ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﻪﺒــﺷ ﻭ ﺮﻧ ﺖــﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﻪﺒــﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷﻲﻣ ﻢﻴــﺴﻘﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺘــﺳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻲﻟﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﻀﻴﺑ ،ﺮﻧ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﻮﺷﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻢﻫ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻲﻠﺳﺎﻨﺗ
ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺪﻤﺨﺗ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ،ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﺏﺫﺎﮐ ﺖــﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻧ ﻲﻠﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺗﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ .(۱۳،۸) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺩﺪﻏ ، ﺡﺎﻘﻟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘــﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻦﻴﻨﺟ ﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟ ﻲــﺴﻨﺟ ﻪﻤﻴﻤﺿ ﺩﺪــﻏ ﺖــﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻲــﺴﻨﺟ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﺮﮔﺍ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺥﺭ ﻲﺴﻨﺟﻭﺩ ،ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻪﻴﻘﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺰﺑ ﻥﺎــﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲــﺴﻨﺟﻭﺩ .(۱۳) ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﮊ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ "ﻻﺎــﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻟﻭﺍﺪﺘﻣ ۵ﺥﺎــﺷ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻞﺼﺘﻣ ﻲﺧﺎــﺷ ﻲﺑ ﻥﮊ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻲﺑﻮﻠﻐﻣ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﻪــﻌﻳﺎﺿ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ .ﺩﻮــﺷﻲﻣ ﺩﺎــﺠﻳﺍ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﻢﻫ ﺭﺍﺪﺧﺎــﺷ ﻱﺎﻫﺰﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﺪﻨﺑ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﮋــﻧ ﻱﺎــﻫﺰﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲــﺴﻨﺟﻭﺩ .(۱۵،۱) ﺩﻮــﺷ
۹ﺱﻮﮐﺎﻣﺍﺩ ﻭ۸ﻦﻳﺎﭙﻟﺁ ،۷ﮒﺭﻮﺑ ﻦﮔﻮﺗ ،۶ﻦﻧﺎﺳ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻊﻳﺎﺷ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ
۱۱ﻩﺭﻮﻘﻧﺁ ﻭ۱۰ﻦــﻴﺑﻮﻧ ﻱﺎــﻫﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎــﻣﺍ .(۱۴،۱۱) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪــﺸﻧ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻧ ﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ ۱۲ﻦﻴﺗﺭﺎﻣﺮﻓ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻧﺎــﺳ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺧﺎــﺷ ﻲﺑ ﻥﮊ .(۱۷) ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻴﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣ ﺭﺩﺎﻧ ﻩﺭﻮﻘﻧﺁ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺎﻫﺰﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲــﺴﻨﺟﻭﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺮــﺜﮐﺍ .(۱۴،۱۳،۲) ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﭗــﻴﺗﻮﻳﺭﺎﮐ ﺎــﻳ ﺮﻧ ﺖــﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﻪﺒــﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺖــﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ .(۱۵ ،۸) ﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻫ (XX) ﴼﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻲــﻠﻫﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘــﺴﭘ ﻱﺎﻫﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﻤﻫ
ﻝﺎﮑــﺷﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ .ﺪﺘﻓﺍﻲﻣ ﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﮎﻮﺧ ﻭ ﺰﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﺗﺭﺎﻤﻳﺮﻓ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻢﺴﻴﻨﻴﺗﺭﺎﻤﻳﺮﻓ ﻲﺴﻨﺟﻭﺩ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻲــﮑﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻲﻣﺍﺩ ﺪﻳﺁ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻴﻧﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻮﻠﻗﻭﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪــﺑ ﻭ
۱۳ﻲﻧﺎﻫﺩ ﻢﻫ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻢــﺴﻴﻨﻴﺗﺭﺎﻤﻳﺮﻓ .(۱۱) ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﺟ ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺖﻔﺟ ﻥﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺥﺭ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﺩﻭﺯ ﺮﻧ ﻲــﺴﻨﺟ ﺰﻳﺎﻤﺗ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﮐH-Yﻦﮔﺩﺎﭘ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻧ ﻥﺎﻳﻭﺭ ﺍﺬﻟ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ
،ﺪﻨﮐﻲﻣ ﻱﺮــﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﻩﺩﺎــﻣ ﺩﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻞــﻣﺎﮑﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻨﺘﺴﺑﺁ .(۱۱) ﺩﺯﺎــﺳﻲﻣ ﻢﻴﻘﻋ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﺟ ﻲﻗﻭﺮﻋ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻲﻟﻭ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻝﻭﺍﺪﺘﻣ ﺰﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻮﻠﻗﻭﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻲــﺴﻨﺟ ﺰﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﻮﻤﻌﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﻢــﺴﻴﻨﻴﺗﺭﺎﻤﻳﺮﻓ .ﺩﺮــﻴﮔﻲﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻲــﻧﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲــﺴﻨﺟﻭﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﻮــﻣ ٪۶ "ﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺰــﺑ .(۱) ﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﻲﻠﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻮﻀﻋ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻌﻘﻣ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺯﻭﺭ ۲۰ ﻱﻻﺎــﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﻪﻟﺎﻏﺰﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺲﻨﺟ ﺺﻴﺨــﺸﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺰﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻦــﻳﺍ .ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﺘﻧﺎــﺳ ۲ ﻪﺑ ﮏﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﺭﺩ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺮــﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺮــﺘﻣ ﻲﺘﻧﺎــﺳ ۳۰ -۴۰ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ۳ -۳۳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﻮﺑﺰﻣ ﻲــﺴﻨﺟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺰﺑ .(۱۳) ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ
Archive of SID
ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ۱۰۰ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ
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،ﮏﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﺗﺎﭘﻮﺘﺴﻴﻫ ﻭﻲﭘﻮﮑﺳﻭﺮﮐﺎﻣﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺯﺍﻩﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑﺚﺤﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﮐﺪﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﺮﻧ ﺏﺫﺎﮐ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﺑﺰﻣ ﻱﺎــﻫﺰﺑ
،(۶)Eatonﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺰﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﺜﻣﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﻱﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫﺎﻧ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺯﻭﺭ ۱۰ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﺰﺑ ۲۹ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺮﮐ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺮﻧ ﺱﺍﺭ ۱۴ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﺱﺍﺭ ۱۵ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺘــﺳﺩ ﻢﺣﺭ ،ﻪﻀﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﻤﺨﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻩﺩﺎﻣ "ﺍﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻱﺎﻫﺰﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺎﻳ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﺰﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺭﻮﺑﺰﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﻮﺑﻲﻤﺣﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻱﺯﻼﭘﺁ ﻭ۱۷ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﮏﻳ ﺮﻧ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﻭ ﻪﻀﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﻤﺨﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺮﮐﺬﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺎﺑ ﺰﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ۱۳ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩSimmonsﻭ Eaton.(۶) ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻪﻴﺒــﺷ ﻪﻔــﺸﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻭ
۲۱ ﻭ ﻦﻧﺎــﺳ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﺰﺑ ۳۴۳ ﺯﺍ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ۱۱/۱) ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ۳۸ ﺍﺭ ﺰﺑ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ Haugen.(۷) ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﮒﺭﻮﺑ ﻦﮔﻮﺗ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﺰﺑ ۳۵۰ ﺯﺍ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ۶) ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
Asdell.(۹) ﺩﺮﮐ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻱﮊﻭﺮﻧ ﺰﺑ ۴۶۵۶ ﺯﺍ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ۵) ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ۲۳۴ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻌﻳﺎﺿ .ﺩﺮﮑﻧ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺭﺍﺪﺧﺎﺷ ﺰﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﮏﻳ ﻲﺘﺣ ﺰﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻢــﺴﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ۲۰۰ ﺯﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻴــﺳﺭ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩHaugenﻦــﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺘﺣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﻭ ﺥﺎــﺷ ﻥﺍﺪﻘﻓ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﺒــﺳﺎﻨﻣ .(۹،۳)ﺪﺳﺭﻲﻣ ﻢﻫ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺪﺻ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻔــﺳﻮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻧ ﺏﺫﺎﮐ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﮏﻳ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑــﻤﻫ ﻭBruere ﺪﻨﻔــﺳﻮﮔ ﺱﺍﺭ ۳ Dennisﻦــﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪــﻧﺍﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺵﺭﺍﺰــﮔ ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﮏﻳ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭSmith ﻭ ﺮﻧ ﺏﺫﺎﮐ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ۲×۱/۶ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺎﺑ ﭗﭼ ﻲــﺴﻨﺟ ﻩﺪﻏ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻪﻫﺎﻣ ﺖــﺸﻫ ﺶﻴﻣ ﮏﻳ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺳﺍﺭ ﻲــﺴﻨﺟ ﻩﺪﻏ ﻭ ﺎﻫﻪﻀﻴﺑ ﺺﻗﺎﻧ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎــﺳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﺘﻧﺎــﺳ .(۱۵،۵،۴) ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺍﺪﻤﺨﺗ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ۱×۰/۸ ،ﺝﺮﻓ ﺰﺑ ﻢــﺴﻴﻨﻴﺗﺭﺎﻤﻳﺮﻓ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﺭﺩ WilliamsﻭIllberyﺕﺎــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺪﻏ .ﺪــﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣ ﺭﻻﻮﮑﻳﺯﻭ ﻩﺪﻏ ﻭ ﻢﻳﺪﻳﺪﻴﭘﺍ ،ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﺲــﻳﺭﻮﺘﻴﻠﮐ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ۱/۳ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﮏﻴﺘــﺳﻼﭘﻮﭙﻴﻫ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻀﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻨﺑﺎﻐﻣ ﺪﻨﻔﺳﻮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻢــﺴﻴﻨﻴﺗﺭﺎﻤﻳﺮﻓ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺶــﺷ MacanbﻭBruere ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺩﻮﺑ .(۱۰،۴) ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﺲﻳﺭﻮﺘﻴﻠﮐ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺎﻫﺶﻴﻣ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ۷ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺰﺑ ﻲﻠﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺘــﺳﺩ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ۷۲۱ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻲﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻧ ﺏﺫﺎﮐ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ۰/۹۷) ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ،ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﮒﺭﻮﺑ ﻦﮔﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻦﻧﺎﺳ ﺰﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻱﻭﺭSimmonsﻭ Eaton ﺩﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﮊﻭﺮﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺰﺑ ﻱﻭﺭHaugenﻪﮐ ﻱﺍﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ۵ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲــﺷﺎﻧ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ .(۹،۷)ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺎــﻫﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻱﺎــﻫﺰﺑ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ،ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺪﺧﺎــﺷ ﻲﮕﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺎﻫﺰﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺭﺍﺪﺧﺎــﺷ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺗﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺖــﻠﻋ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﮑﺘﻴﻧﮊ ﺺﻳﺎﻘﻧ ﻑﺬﺣ ﻪــﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﻀﻴﻳ ﺮﻄﻗ
*ﺖﺳﺍﺭ ﻪﻀﻴﺑ ﺮﻄﻗ
*ﭗﭼ
۱ ۲۳
۲۳
۲ ۲۴
۲۴
۳ ۲۱
۲۱
۴ ۱۷
۱۷
۵ ۱۵
۱۵
۶ ۲۰
۱۵
۷ ۴۳
۲۸
ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ ٭
ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻧ ﺏﺫﺎﮐ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ : ۱ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻩﺪﻏ ﻭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﺑ (ﻲﺴﻨﺟﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺰﺑ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺍﺪﻤﺨﺗ ﺭﺎﻨﮐ ﺭﺩ (T) ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﴼﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ (O)ﺖﺳﺍﺭ ﻭ ﭗﭼ
Archive of SID
ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ۱۰۲ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ
۱۰۳
ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺰﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻧ ﺏﺫﺎﮐ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ : ۲ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻪﻀﻴﺑ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻲﺴﻨﺟﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ (�)ﻲﻨﻴﺑﺎﻨﻴﺑ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ )
(ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ۵۲۸ ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻨﮔﺭﺰﺑ H&E ﻱﺰﻴﻣﺁ ﮓﻧﺭ) ﺩﻮﺷﻲﻣ
ﻪﮐ ۲ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ : ۳ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻦﮑﻴﻟ ،ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺯﺎﺳﻲﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻞﻴﮑﺸﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ( �)ﻲﻨﻴﺑﺎﻨﻴﺑ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺯ ﻡﺮﭙﺳﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ
(ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ۵۲۸ ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻨﮔﺭﺰﺑ H&E ﻱﺰﻴﻣﺁ ﮓﻧﺭ)
ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﻪﻀﻴﺑ ﺕﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻳﺪﻳﺪﻴﭘﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ : ۴ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻢﻳﺪﻳﺪﻴﭘﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺮﻧ ﺏﺫﺎﮐ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺰﺑ
ﺩﻮﺷﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﺪﻨﭼ ﻲﺗﻭﺎﻔﺗ (ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ۱۲۸ ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻧﮒﺭﺰﺑ H&E ﻱﺰﻴﻣﺁ ﮓﻧﺭ)
Archive of SID
ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ۱۰۲ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ
۱۰۳
.ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﺎﻫﻲﻗﺭﻭﺎﭘ
1 - Intersex
2 - True hermaphrodite 3- Pseudohermaphrodite 4 - Ovotestis
5 - Polled 6 - Saanen 7 - Toggen burg 8 - Alpine 9 - Damacus 10 - Nubian 11 - Angora 12 - Freemartin 13 - Anastomosis 14 - Hematoxylin- Eosin 15 - Mayer
16 - Seminiferous tubules 17 - Uterine uniconis 18 - Bulbous vulvus
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
ﻭ ﻍ ،ﻱﺭﺎــﺸﻓﺍ ،ﺡ ،ﻲﻔﻴــﺳ ،ﺍ ،ﻲــﻓﻮﺋﺭ ،ﻡ ،ﻲــﻣﻮﻠﻋ ،ﻥ ،ﻪــﻧﺍﺯﺮﻓ ،ﻡ ،ﺯﻭﺩ ﻲــﺟﺮﮔ - ۱
،ﺖﻴﻤــﺳﺍ : ﻒﻴﻟﺎﺗ ،(ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ) .ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻡﺍﺩ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺐــﻃ ؛۱۳۷۹ ،ﺱ ،ﺮــﻬﻣﻥﺎﺟﺮﻣ ۵۴۹-۵۵۰ ﺕﺎﺤﻔﺻ ، ﺶﺨﺑﺭﻮﻧ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﭖﺎﭼ ، ﻲﭘ،ﺩﺭﻮﻓﺩﺍﺮﺑ 2-Arthur, G.H., Noakes, D.E. and Pearson, H., 1996; Veterinary reproduction and obstetrics. 6th ed, Balliere & Tindall, Toronto, PP: 348, 463, 517, 518.
3-Asdell, S.A., 1944; The genetic sex of intersexual goats and a probable linkage with the gene for harmlessness . Science 99: 124.
Quoted by: McEntte, K.,1990; Reproductive pathology of domestic mammals. Academic press, Boston, PP: 8-12.
4-Bruere, A.N. and Macanb, J., 1968; A cytogenetical investigation of six intersexes sheep, shown to be freemartins. Res. Vet. Sci. 9:
170-180. Quoted by: McEntte, K.,1990, Reproductive pathology of domestic mammals. Academic press, Boston, pp: 19.
domestic mammals. Academic Press, Boston, PP: 8-11.
6-Eaton, O.N.,1943; An anatomical study of hermaphrodism in goats. Am.J.Vet. Res. 4: 333-343, Quoted by: McEntte, K., 1990, Reproductive pathology of domestic mammals. Academic press, Boston, PP: 8-8.
7-Eaton, O.N. and V.L., Simmons.,1939; Hermaphrodism in milk goats. J.Hered. 30:261-266. Quoted by: McEntte, K., 1990, Reproductive pathology of domestic mammals. Academic press, Boston, PP: 8.
8-Hafez,E.S.E., 2000; Reproduction in farm animal. 7th Ed, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Maryland, PP: 315-316.
9-Haugen, E.,1960; Tuckjonn hos geit. (Hermaphroditism in goat).
Meed. Norg. Landr. Hogsk. 39(10): 1-33. Quoted by: McEntte, K.
(1990) Reproductive pathology of domestic mammals. Academic Press, Boston. PP: 8-11.
10-Ilbery, P.L.T., and D.Williams,.1967; Evidence of the freemartin condition in the goat. Cytogentics, 6: 276-285. Quoted by: McEntte, K.,1990, Reproductive pathology of domestic mammals. Academic Press, Boston. PP: 20.
11-Kennedy, P.C. and Miller, R.B.1993; The female genital system. Quoted by: Jubb, K.V., Kennedy, P.C. and Palmer, N. (eds) Pathology of domestic animals. 4th Ed. Vol. 3, Academic Press, London, PP: 349-351.
12-Luna, L.G., 1968; Manual of histology staining methods of the armed forces Institute of pathology, 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill book Co., Toronto. pp: 12-31.
13-McEntte, K., 1990; Reproductive pathology of domestic animals, Academic Press, Boston. PP: 13-20.
14-Mobini, S.M., Heath, A.M. Pugh D.G. Theriogenology of sheep and Goats. Quoted by: Pugh, D.G., 2002; Sheep and goat medicine, 3th edition, W.B. Saunders Company, PP: 129-187.
15-Roberts, S.J.,1986; Veterinary obstetrics and genital disease (Theriogenology) 3th Ed. Wood Stock, PP: 72-75, 97-99, 671-672.
16-Smith, K.C., Long, S.E. and Parkinson, T.J., 1996; A case of true hermaproditism. Vet, Rec., 138: 497-480.
17-Smith, M.C. and Shermon, D.M.,1994; Goat medicine, Lea &
Febiger. PP: 411-465.
