ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ،ﺕﻼﻴﺷ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ۶۴
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۳ ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ، ۱۳۹۰ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ، ۲۱۷ ﺎﺗ ۲۲۷ ۲۱۷
ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻼﻴﻓﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﺱﺎﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
) Aeromonas hydrophila (
ﻝﺰﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻤﮐ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺭ ﻱﻻﺁ
) Oncorhynchus mykiss (
ﻱﺪﻤﺣﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﮐ ﻲﻔﻗﺍﻭﺮﻴﻣ ﺎﺿﺮﻴﻠﻋ ،۱
۲*
ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺑ ﻱﺪﻬﻣ ، ﻭ ۳
ﻱﻮﺳﻮﻣ ﻢﻳﺮﻣ
۴
ﺶﻧﺍﺩ۱
ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣﺁ ﻭ ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺕﻼﻴﺷ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻥﺍﻮﺟ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻩﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ،ﻝﺎﻤﺷ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺪﺣﺍ
رﺎﻴﺸﻧاد ۲
،ﺖﺴﻳز ﻂﻴﺤﻣ و تﻼﻴﺷ هوﺮﮔ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد
ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ناﺮﻳا ،
رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا۳
تﻼﻴﺷ هوﺮﮔ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد
ﺖﺴﻳز ﻂﻴﺤﻣ و ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺘﻌﻨﺻ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
ﻲ ﺎﻴﺒﻧﻻا ﻢﺗﺎﺧ نﺎﻬﺒﻬﺑ
ناﺮﻳا ،
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻱﮊﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑﻭﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﺱﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ۴
ﺷ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺕﻼﻴ
) ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
۱۳ / ۴ / ۱۳۸۹
، ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
۲۳ / ۵ / ۱۳۹۰ (
ﻩﺪﻴﮑﭼ ﺍ ﻪـــﺑ ﻪـــﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـــﺑ ﻳ
ﻝﺰـــﻗ ﻲﻫﺎـــﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺱﺎـــﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﻱﺮﺘﻛﺎـــﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺰﻳﺭﺎـــﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺪـــﺣ ﻭ ﺕﺪـــﺷ ﻪـــﮑﻨ ﺮﻳﺎـــﺳ ﻭ ﻥﺎـــﻤﻛ ﻦﻴـــﮕﻧﺭ ﻱﻻﺁ
ﻪــﻧﻮﮔ ﻲــﻣ ﺕﻭﺎــﻔﺘﻣ ﻒــﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻖﻃﺎــﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲــﺷﺭﻭﺮﭘ ﻱﺎــﻫ ــﻴﭘ ﺎــﻳ ﻭ ﻩﺯﺭﺎــﺒﻣ ﺖــﻬﺟ ﺍﺬــﻟ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ
ﻲــﺷﺎﻧ ﻱﺭﺎــﻤﻴﺑ ﻉﻮﻴــﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮕﺸ
ﻲــﻣ ﺮــﻈﻧ ﻪــﺑ ﻱﺭﻭﺮــﺿ ﻱﺮﺘﻛﺎــﺑ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺰﻳﺭﺎــﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻳﻮــﺳ ﺖﺧﺎﻨــﺷ ﻱﺮﺘﻛﺎــﺑ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺪــﺳﺭ
. ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻖــﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻑﺪــﻫ
ﺖــﻓﺎﺑ ﺮــﺑ ﺱﺎــﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﻱﺮﺘﻛﺎــﺑ ﺕﺍﺮــﺛﺍ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺎــﻓ ﺮــﺑ ﻩﻭﻼــﻋ ﻥﺪــﺑ ﻱﺎــﻫ
ﻲــﻣ ﻲﻧﻮــﺧ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ
. ﺕﺍﺮــﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻥﺍﺰــﻴﻣ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﺐﻴـــﺳﺁ ﺖـــﻓﺎﺑ ﻲـــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻝﺰـــﻗ ﺶﺸـــﺑﺁ ﻭ ﻝﺎـــﺤﻃ ،ﻪـــﻴﻠﮐ ،ﺪـــﺒﮐ ﻱﺎـــﻫ
ﻥﺎـــﻤﮐ ﻦﻴـــﮕﻧﺭ ﻱﻻﺁ )
Oncorhynchus mykiss (
ﺎـــﺑ
ﻱﺭﺎــﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﻼﻴﻓﻭﺭﺪــﻴﻫ ﺱﺎــﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎــﺑ ﻲﺘﭙــﺳ ﻱﺭﺎــﻤﻴﺑ ﻞــﻣﺎﻋ ،ﺍﺯ
ﻲﻫﺎــﻣ ﺭﺩ ﮏــﻳﮊﺍﺭﻮﻤﻫ ﻲﻤــﺳ ﻲﻫﺎــﻣ ،ﺎــﻫ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪــﺑ ﺎــﻫ
ﺎـــﺑ ﺩﺭﻮـــﻣ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴـــﻣ ﺱﺎـــﻤﺗ ،ﻲﻗﺎﻔـــﺻ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻖـــﻳﺭﺰﺗ ۱۰۷
ﻡﺎـــﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎـــﺑ ﺪـــﻳﺩﺮﮔ
. ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻲـــﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎـــﺑ ﻢـــﺋﻼﻋ ،ﺶﻳﺎـــﻣﺯﺁ ﻱ
ﺖــﺒﺛ ﺮــﻴﻣ ﻭ ﮒﺮــﻣ ﻥﺍﺰــﻴﻣ ﻭ ﺪــﻳﺩﺮﮔ
. ﺖــﺷﺬﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺲــﭘ ۱۴
ﻲﻫﺎــﻣ ،ﺯﻭﺭ ﻥﻮــﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺲــﭘ ﻭ ﺪﻴــﺻ ﻩﺪــﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺑ ﻱﺎــﻫ
ﺪــﺒﻟﺎﮐ ،ﻱﺮــﻴﮔ
ﺪﻧﺪـــﺷ ﻲﻓﺎﮑـــﺷ .
ﻲـــﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻫﺎـــﻛ ﻝﻮـــﺒﻠﮔ ﺩﺍﺪـــﻌﺗ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﺖﻴـــﺳﻮﻔﻨﻟ ،ﺖـــﻳﺮﻛﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ ﺪـــﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺰـــﻣﺮﻗ ﻱﺎـــﻫ ﺖﻴـــﺳﻮﻧﻮﻣ ﻭ ﺎـــﻫ
ﺎـــﻫ
) ۰۵ /
<۰ (p ﻲـــﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـــﻓﺍ ، ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻝﻮـــﺒﻠﮔ ﺩﺍﺪـــﻌﺗ ﺕﺎـــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪـــﻛ ﺖـــﺳﺍ ﻲـــﺗﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻳﺮـــﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻞـــﻴﻓﻭﺮﺗﻮﻧ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻔـــﺳ
ﻮــﺧ ﻥ ﻲﻫﺎــﻣ ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺪــﺷ ﻩﺪــﻳﺩ ﻲﻳﺎــﻳﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺖــﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻪــﺑ ﻼﺘــﺒﻣ ﻱﺎــﻫ
. ﺖــﻓﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﻛﺎــﺑ ﺭﻮﻀــﺣ ﺪــﻴﻳﺎﺗ ﺖﺴــﺗ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ﺎــﻫ
ﻱﺎــﻫ
ﺖـــﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮـــﺻ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴـــﺷﻮﻴﺑ .
ﻝﻮﻠـــﺳ ﻱﺮﻫﺎـــﻇ ﻲـــﮕﺘﺨﻳﺭ ﻢـــﻬﺑ ﺱﻮﻨﻴـــﺳ ﻲﮕﺘﺨﻴﺴـــﮔ ﻢـــﻫ ﺯﺍ ،ﻱﺪـــﺒﮐ ﻱﺎـــﻫ
ﻭ ﻲﻧﻮـــﺧ ﻱﺎـــﻫ
ﻱﺮـــﻴﮔ ﻞﮑـــﺷ ﻭ ﻲﻟﻮﻠـــﺳ ﺶـــﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻲـــﮕﺘﺨﻳﺭ ﻢـــﻬﺑ ﻪـــﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻞـــﺋﻮﮐﺍﻭ
ﺶﻳﺍﺰـــﻓﺍ ،ﺪـــﺒﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﻮﻠـــﺳ ﻱﺎـــﻫ ﺍﺪـــﻌﺗ
ﺰـــﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﺩ
ﻪـــﻧﺍﺪﮕﻧﺭ ﻊـــﻤﺠﺗ ﻭ ﮊﺎـــﻓﻭﺮﻛﺎﻣﻮﻧﻼﻣ ﻝﻮﻠـــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲـــﺘﺨﻳﺭ ﺕﺍﺮـــﻴﻴﻐﺗ ،ﻲﻨﻳﺭﺪﻴـــﺳﻮﻤﻫ ﻱﺎـــﻫ
ﺯﺍ ،ﻝﺎـــﺤﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺪﻴﺋﻮﺴـــﭙﻴﻟﺍ ﻱﺎـــﻫ
ﻱﻮـــﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺭﺎـــﺠﻣ ﻡﻮـــﻴﻠﺘﻴﭘﺍ ﻥﺪـــﺷ ﻩﺮـــﻧﮊﺩ ،ﻱﻮـــﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺭﺎـــﺠﻣ ﻦﺘـــﻓﺭ ﻦﻴـــﺑ ﻞـــﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺪـــﺷ ﻩﺮـــﻧﮊﺩ ،ﻱﺭﺍﺭﺩﺍ ﻱﺎﻀـــﻓ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـــﻓﺍ ،
ﻝﻭﺮﻣﻮـــﻠﮔ ـــﻴﻠﺘﻴﭘﺍ ﻱﺯﻼﭘﺮـــﭙﻴﻫ ،ﻪـــﻴﻠﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻣﻮـــﺑ ﻝﻮﺴـــﭙﻛ ﻱﺎﻀـــﻓ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـــﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺎـــﻫ
ﻲﮔﺪﻨﺒﺴـــﭼ ﻭ ﻪـــﻳﻮﻧﺎﺛ ﻱﺎـــﻫﻼﻣﻻ ﻡﻮ ﺯﺍ ،ﺎـــﻬﻧﺁ
ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ،ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
.
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻱﺪﻴﻠﮐ : ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ،ﻼﻴﻓﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﺱﺎﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﻥﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ،ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﻝﺰﻗ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻥﺎﻤﮐ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺭ ﻱﻻﺁ
ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ * :
ﻦﻔﻠﺗ
: ۰۲۶۱۲۲۲۳۰۴۴
ﺲﻛﺎﻓ : ۰۲۶۱۲۲۴۵۹۰۸ E-mail: vaghefi@nrf.ut.ac.ir
ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
... ۲۱۸
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺕﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺵﺭﻭﺮﭘ ﻉﺭﺍﺰﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻡﺭﺪﻨﺳ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻲﺘﭙﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻲﻤﺳ
A. hydrophila
ﺖﺳﺍ .
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺏﺁ ﻥﺍﺭﻮﻧﺎﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
،ﻼﻴﻓﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﺱﺎﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﻱﺰﻳﺮﻧﻮﺧ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ
ﻢﺧﺯ ،ﻲﺷﺭﺍﻮﮔ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﻝﻭﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻩﮋﻳﻮﺑ ﻲﮐﺮﭼ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﮎﻻ ﻥﺩﺮﮔ ﺖﺸﭘ
ﻲﺸﺘﭘ ﺎﻳ ﻱﺰﻳﺮﻧﻮﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻥﺪﺑ ﻱﺰﻣﺮﻗ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﺶﺸﺑﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻳﺮﻧﻮﺧ ﻭ ﺯﻭﺮﮑﻧ ،ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻮﭘ ﺖﺨﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻢﺧﺯ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﺷﺭﺍﻮﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺪﻠﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺱﺍﺭﺎﮐ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻴﭼ ﻥﺎﻴﻫﺎﻣﺭﻮﭙﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻊﻳﺎﺷ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ
Li et al., )
.(2006
ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻌﻴﺳﻭ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺑﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺏﺁ ﺎﻬﺑﺁ ﻭ ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﻠﺣﺎﺳ ﻲ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻴﻧﺩ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺱﺎﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺯﺍﺪﻴﺴﮐﺍ ،ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻡﺮﮔ ،ﻱﻭﺮﮐ ﺰﮐﻮﻠﮔ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺮﻴﻤﺨ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﺐﻠﻃ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﺍﺰﻳ
ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻢﻋﺍ ﻡﺮﮕﻧﻮﺧ ﻭ ﺩﺮﺴﻧﻮﺧ ﻥﺍﺭﻮﻧﺎﺟ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺪﻧﺎﺘﺴﭘ ﻭ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻧﺮﭘ ،ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻳﺯﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻧﺰﺧ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ
. ﻢﺴﻴﻧﺎﮔﺭﺍﻭﺮﮑﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺜﮐﺍ ﺰﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
A. salmonicida ﻭ
A. media
ﮊﺎﺗ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻮﺑ ﮎ
ﻲﺒﻄﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ ﺩﺮﻔﻨﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
. ﻢﺴﻴﻧﺎﮔﺭﺍﻭﺮﮑﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻉﻮﻓﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻡﺮﮕﻧﻮﺧ ﺕﺎﻧﺍﻮﻴﺣ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺰﻴﻧ
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺍﺬﻟ
ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺵﺭﻭﺮﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﺑﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ
.
ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫ
ﻧ ﻩﺩﺯﺮﻠﮐ ﻲﻧﺪﻴﻣﺎﺷﺁ ﻱﺎﻬﺑﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﺣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺰﻴ
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
Mahon and Manuselis, 2000)
ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .(
ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﺏﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻧﺪﻴﻣﺎﺷﺁ ﻲﺘﺣ ﻭ ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺕﺍﺮﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ
Soltandalal )
et al., 2005; Doubaradran et al., 2006; Halakou et al., 2008
ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ .(
Aeromonas spp.ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺯﺍ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺍﺰﻳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻤﺳ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺳﻭ ﻒﻴﻃ ﻦﻴﺴﮐﻮﺗﻭﺪﻧﺍ ﻲﻠﭘﻮﭙﻴﻟ ﻭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫﺪﻳﺭﺎﮐﺎﺳ
LPS) (
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ
Chopra and Houston, 1999)
ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ .(
LPS
ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﺸﻏ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻡﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻧﻮﺧ ﻭ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻲﻨﻤﻳﺍ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺶﻨﮑﻤﻫﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺰﺴﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ،ﻥﺍﺭﻮﻧﺎﺟ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ﺏﺎﻬﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺯ -
ﺪﻨﮐ
Morrison and Bucklin, 1996)
.(
ﺯﺍ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﺢﺷﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺰﺘﻨﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﻳﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ،ﮏﻴﺘﻴﻟﻮﺌﺗﺮﭘ ﻱﺎﻬﻤﻳﺰﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻢﻋﺍ ﻲﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺰﻴﻟﻮﻤﻫ ﻦﻴﺴﮐﻮﺗﻭﺮﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺭﺩ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻠﺟ ﺕﺎﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧ
Majumdar et al., 2006)
.(
ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻲﻤﻳﺭﺍﻮﻛﺁ ﻥﺎﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺎﻣﺩ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
Akhlaghi )
and Vafaee, 2002
ﻝﺰﻗ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ .(
ﻱﻻﺁ
ﻦﻴﻟﻮﺒﻠﮔﻮﻨﻤﻳﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﻤﻛ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺭ ،ﻡﺮﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻛ ﻝﻮﺒﻠﮔ ﻭ ﺖﻳﺮﻛﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ ﺶﻫﺎ ﻲﻣ ﻥﻮﺧ ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺩﻮﺷ
Tvakoli and Akhlaghi, 2009 )
.(
ﻲﺘﭙﺳ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﮏﻳﮊﺍﺭﻮﻤﻫ ﻲﻤﺳ
ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻼﻴﻓﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﺱﺎﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﺐﻠﻃ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻉﻮﻴﺷ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ،ﻲﺷﺭﻭﺮﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻨﺑ ﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻲﻧﻮﺧ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺪﺳﺭ
. ﻑﺪﻫ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﻥﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﻭ ﻝﺎﺤﻃ ،ﻪﻴﻠﮐ ،ﺪﺒﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻝﺰﻗ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺶﺸﺑﺁ ﻥﺎﻤﮐ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺭ ﻱﻻﺁ
) Oncorhynchus
mykiss
ﺱﺎﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﻪﺑ (
ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﻼﻴﻓﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺯ
.
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲـﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎـﻨﻣ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﻼﻴﺷ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ
ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ
ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ۹۰
ﻝﺰـﻗ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﻎﻟﺎـﺑﺎﻧ ﻥﺎـﻤﮐ ﻦﻴـﮕﻧﺭ ﻱﻻﺁ
O.mykiss
ﻥﺯﻭ ﻪـﺑ
۲۵
± ۱۵۰ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻡﺮﮔ .
ﻂﻳﺍﺮـﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻲــﺷﺭﻭﺮﭘ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ )
ﻱﺎــﻣﺩ ºC
۲
± ۱۴ ﻝﻮــﻠﺤﻣ ﻥﮋﻴﺴــﮐﺍ ،
۵mg/l / ۰
± ۵ / ۶ ﻱﺭﻮﻧ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ، ۸D
L/ ۱۶ ( ﺪـﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ .
ﺕﺪــﻣ ﻪــﺑ ،ﻥﺎــﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻝﺎــﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲــﭘ ۱۵
ﻂﻳﺍﺮــﺷ ﺎــﺑ ﺯﻭﺭ
ﺪﻧﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ .
ﻲﻫﺎـﻣ ﻝﺮـﺘﻨﮐ ﻂﻳﺍﺮـﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﻫ
ﺭﺩ ﺍﺰﺠﻣ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ۹
ﻪـﺑ ﺱﻼﮔﺮﺒﻳﺎـﻓ ﻥﺰﺨﻣ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ،ﺕﻼﻴﺷ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ۶۴
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۳ ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ، ۱۳۹۰ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ، ۲۱۷ ﺎﺗ ۲۲۷ ۲۱۹
ﻢﺠﺣ ۲۰۰ ﻪﺘﺴـﺑ ﺭﺍﺪـﻣ ﻲـﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻬﺠﻣ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ
ﺾﻳﻮﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺰﺠﻣ ۲۰
% ﺪـﻧﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺁ .
ﻲـﻃ ﺭﺩ
ﺩ ﻲـﻧﺯﻭ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻲﺷﺭﻭﺮﭘ ﻩﺭﻭ ۲
% ﻢـﺠﺣ ﺯﺍ
ﻱﺯ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻩﺮﻴﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﻮﺗ .
ﻪﻳﻮﺳ ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻱﺍﺰﻳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻱﺍﺰﻳﺭﺎــﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻳﻮــﺳ
A. hydrophila RTCC)
ﻩﺭﺎﻤــﺷ ﻪــﺑ (
۱۰۳۲ ﻥﻮﺘﭙﻳﺮﺗ ﻱﺬﻐﻣ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ
ﺭﺎﮔﺁ ﺎﻳﻮﺳ
TSA) ( ﻪﺴﺳﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ، ﻡﺮـﺳ ﻭ ﻲﺗﺎـﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻱ
ﻱﺯﺎـﺳ
ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﻱﺯﺍﺭ ﺕﻼﻴـﺷ ﻩﺎﮕﺸـﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻪـﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳﺍ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻭ
ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺪـﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻝﺎـﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻱ
Joseph and Carnahan, 1994)
ﮎﻮﺘـــﺳﺍ ﺲﭙـــﺳ .(
ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺙﺍﺮـﺑ ﺎﻳﻮﺳ ﻥﻮﺘﭙﻳﺮﺗ ﺖﺸﻛ
TSB) ( ﺭﺩ
ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﮑﻴﺷ ﺭﻮﺗﺎﺑﻮﮑﻧﺍ ۳۷
ﻪـﺟﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻧﺎـﺳ ﻱ ﻪـﺑ ﺩﺍﺮـﮔ
ﺕﺪﻣ ۲۴ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺖﺸﮐ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﺰـﻴﻧ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺙ
ﺯﺍ ﺲـﭘ
ﺭﺩ ﮊﻮﻴﻔﻳﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ ۴۰۰۰
ﺕﺪـﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺩ ۱۰
ﻪـﻘﻴﻗﺩ
ﻩﺮــﻴﺧﺫ ﻭ ﮊﻮﻴﻔﻳﺮﺘﻧﺎــﺳ ﺭﺎــﺑ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺲــﭘ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻲﻳﺎــﻳﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻱ
ﻲﮑﻤﻧ ﺕﺎﻔﺴﻓ ﺮﻓﺎﺑ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻮﺸﺘﺴﺷ
PBS) ( ﺎﺑ ۲ / pH:۷ ،
ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ .
ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺄﺗ
ﻴﻳ ﺪ ﺑ ﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻮـﺳ ﻳ ﻪ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ
ﺮــﻈﻧ ﻣ ــﻴ LD50ﻥﺍﺰ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ــﻳ ﺸ ﻲ ﺭﺩ ﻪــﮐ ۵ ﺖــﻈﻠﻏ
ﺴـﻧﺎﭙﺳﻮﺳ ﻴ
ﻟﻮﻠـﺳ ﻥﻮ cfu ml -1ﻲ
۱۰۸ ﻭ ۱۰۷
، ۱۰۶
، ۱۰۵
،
۱۰۴ ﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻴ ﻥﺎ ﻗﺎﻔﺻ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻲ
ﺭﺰﺗ ﻳ ﺩﺮﮔ ﻖ ﻳ ﺪ ﻭ ﺎـﺑ
۳ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ .
ﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺕﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻴ
ﻦ
) ۱۰ ﺯﻭﺭ ( ﻣ ﻴ ﺎـﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻔﻠﺗ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻱ
ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ـﻳ ﺸ ﻲ ـﺳﺭﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ
ﺩﺮﮔ ــﻳ ﺪ ﻭ ﻣ ــﻴ LD50 ﻥﺍﺰ ﻮــﺳ ﻳ ﻪ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ــﻳ ﺸ ﻲ
، ﺖــﻈﻠﻏ ﺭﺩ
ﺴﻧﺎﭙﺳﻮﺳ ﻴ ﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﻥﻮ cfu ml -1ﻲ
۱۰۶ ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﺩﺮﮔ ﻦ ﻳ ﺪ .
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻱ
ﻱ
A. hydrophila
ﺎﻬﻧ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳ
cfu ml -1 ۱۰۷
× ۱ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﻥﺯﺎﺨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﻭﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﻫ
. ﺩﺍﺯﺎـﻣ
ﻱﻭﺎـﺣ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳﺍ ﻝﻮـﻠﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ۸۵ / ۰ % ﻝﻭﺮﺴـﻴﻠﮔ ﻭ ﮏﻤﻧ ۲۰
% ﺩ ﺭﺩ / ﻱﺎـﻣ ۷۰
‐ ﻪـﺟﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺩﺍﺮﮔ ﻣﺯﺁ ﻱ
ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺶﻳﺎ
ﺖـﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺼﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ
Joseph and Carnahan, 1994)
ﻲﻫﺎـﻣ .(
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭﺩ ﻪـﺑ ﺎـﻫ
ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺱﺎﻤﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻗﺎﻔﺻ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻖﻳﺭﺰﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﺪﻧﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺩﻮﻟﺁ ﺍﺯ .
ﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻱ
ﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻱ
ﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﻂ ﺮﺗ ﻳ ﻮﺳ ﻥﻮﺘﭙ ﻱ ﺎﻣﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﮔﺁ ﻱ
۳۷
ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ۱۸
ﺩﺮﮔ ﺖﺸﮐ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻳ
ﺪ . ﻨﻠﮐ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻲ
ﺭﺩ
۱CC
ﮑﻤﻧ ﺮﻓﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻔﺴﻓ ﻲ
PBS: 7.2)
ﺮﺘﺳﺍ (
ﻳ ﻗﺭ ﻞ ﻴ ﺩﺮﮔ ﻖ ﻳ ﺪ
ﺎﺗ ﺭﻮﻧ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺝﻮﻣ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ
۶۲۰ ﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﻴ
ﻥﺍﺰ
۰۸ / ۰ ﺎﺗ ۱۳ / ۰ ﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺳﺮﺑ ﻱ
ﻝﺎﺗﻮﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ
ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺖﻧﺎﮐ ۱۰۸
۵ × / ۱ ﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻳ
ﺪ . ﺍﺮﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻱ
ﻬﺗ ﻴ ﻣ ﻪ ﻴ ﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻱ
ﻣ ﺖﺸﮐ، ﺮﺘﮑﭼﻮﮐ ﻥﺯﺎﺨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮ
ﺭﺩ ۴ ﻟ ﻴ ﺤﻣ ﺮﺘ ﻴ ﻮﺳ ﻥﻮﺘﭘﺮﺗ ﻂ ﻱ
ﻬﺗ ﺙﺍﺮﺑ ﻴ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻪ
ﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻳ ﻔ ﻴ ﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻢﺴﺟ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﮊﻮ ﻱ
ﺕﺎﻔﺴﻓ ﺮﻓﺎﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
ﮑﻤﻧ ﻲ
pH 7.)
ﺩﺮﮔ ﺍﺪﺟ (
ﻳ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻮﺸﺘﺴﺷ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻭﺩﻭ ﺪ .
ﻭ
ﺎﻬﻧ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻲﻳ
ﺭﺩ ﻣ ﻪﺑ PBS
ﻴ ﻥﺍﺰ cfu ml-1) (
۱۰۷
× ۱
ﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻱ ﻣ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﻟ ﻴ ﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﺘ ﻳ
ﺍ ﻪﮐﺪ ﻫﺎﻣ ﺍﺪﺘﺑ ﻴ ﻥﺎ
ﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﮑﭼﻮﮐ ﻥﺯﺎﺨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ۶۰
ﻗﺩ ﻴ ﺱﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﻘ
ﻫﺎﻣ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻴ
ﻠﺻﺍ ﻥﺯﺎﺨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎ ﻲ
ﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻱ ﻫﺎﻣ ﻴ ﻥﺎ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻧﺍﺩﺮﮔ ﺯﺎﺑ .
ﺯﺎﺳﺍﺪﺟ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻱ
ﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻱ A. hydrophila ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ
ﺪﺒﮐ ﻪﻴﻠﮐ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺤﻃ ،
ﻧﻮﻔﻋﺪﺿ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻲ
ﻞﮑﻟﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ۷۰
% ﻥﺎﻴﻫﺎﻣ ،
ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺢﻳﺮﺸﺗ ﻱ
ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺍﺪﺟ ﺮﻈﻧ .
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﻴﺴﻧﺎﭙﺳﻮﺳ )
ﮊﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻡﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻖﻴﻗﺭ ﻱ
ﻞﻳﺮﺘﺳﺍ ( ﻮﺳ ﻥﻮﺘﭙﻳﺮﺗ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻱ
ﺭﺎﮔﺁ
TSA) ( ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻪﻟﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ .
ﺰﻴﻣﺁ ﮓﻧﺭ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻱ
ﻨﻠﮐ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺮﮔ ﻲ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺎﻫ .
ﻔﻨﻣ ﻡﺮﮔ ﻞﻴﺳﺎﺑ ﻲ
ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ
ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻱ
ﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷﻮﻴﺑ ﻲ
ﺪﻴﺋﺎﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ
ﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻱ
A. hydrophila
ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .
ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻲﻧﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻃ ﺭﺩ ۱۴
ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﻲﮔﺩﻮﻟﺁ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻪﻳﻮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ
ﻭ ﻱﺪﻠﺟ ﺕﺎﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺕﺪﺷ ،ﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ ﮒﺮﻣ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ،ﺍﺰﻳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻩﺩﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
.
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ،ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻱ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻴﺻ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﺧ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ .
ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ
ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ
RBC) ( ﺪﻴﻔﺳ ﻭ
WBC) ( ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﻮﺧ
ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
... ۲۲۰
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﺘﻣﻮﺘﻴﺳﻮﻤﻫ .
ﺖﻳﺮﮐﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ
Hct) ( ﺰﻴﻧ
ﺭﺩ ،ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﮐﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫﻭﺮﮑﻴﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻝﻮﺒﻠﮔ ﻲﻗﺍﺮﺘﻓﺍ ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻲﻧﻮﺧ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ،ﺰﻴﻧ ﺪﻴﻔﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺰﻴﻣﺁ ﮓﻧﺭ ﺎﺴﻤﻴﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ .
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﻝﻮﺒﻠﮔ ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻦﻴﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻱﺎﻄﺧ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻝﻮﺒﻠﮔ ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻔﺳ ﺎﻫ
۳ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣ .
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﻥﻮﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ،ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻲﻓﺎﮑﺷ ﺪﺒﻟﺎﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﺎﻴﻣ ﺶﺸـﺑﺁ ﻭ ﻝﺎـﺤﻃ ،ﺪﺒﮐ ،ﻪﻴﻠﮐ ﻲﻧ ۳
ﺍﺪـﺟ ﺖـﻓﺎﺑ ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺋﻮﺑ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ۴۸
ﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﺪﺷ ﻩ
.
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻭﺍﺪﺘﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﻭ ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﻡﻻ ﮓـﻧﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻦﻳﺯﻮـﺋﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻠﻴﺴـﮐﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻪﻠﻴـﺳﻮﺑ ﺲﭙـﺳ ﻭ ﻱﺰﻴﻣﺁ ﮓﻧﺭ ﺎـﺑ ﻱﺭﻮـﻧ ﭖﻮﮑـﺳﻭﺮﮑﻴﻣ ﻱ
ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻨﮔﺭﺰﺑ ۴۰
ﻭ ۱۰۰ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﺌﻴﺷ ﻲﺳﺪﻋ .
ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺍﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﮏﻳ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭ
ﻪﻓﺮﻃ
ANOVA) (
ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﻭ
Mintab (13)
ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
Kolmogorov-
Smirrov Normality Test
ﻝﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
Arcsin
ﺪﺷ ﻞﻤﻋ .
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﮑﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﻴﻤﻃﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨ
۹۵ % ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ .
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﻱ ﻝﻮﺒﻠﮔ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻝﻮـﺒﻠﮔ ،ﺖﻳﺮﮐﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ ،ﺰﻣﺮﻗ
-
ﻝﻮﺒﻠﮔ ﻲﻗﺍﺮﺘﻓﺍ ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻔﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻴﻔﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
۱ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ .
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻝﻮـﺒﻠﮔ ﺩﺍﺪـﻌﺗ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻭ ﺰـﻣﺮﻗ
ﺖــﻳﺮﻛﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ )
۰۵ /
<۰ (p ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲــﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰــﻓﺍ ،
) ۰۵ /
<۰ (p ﻝﻮﺒﻠﮔ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ـﮐ ،ﺪﻴﻔـﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﻴـﺳﻮﻔﻨﻟ ﺶﻫﺎ
) ۰۵ /
<۰ (p ﺖﻴﺳﻮﻧﻮﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
) ۰۵ /
<۰
(p ﺕﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺗﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻞﻴﻓﻭﺮﺗﻮﻧ
ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﺧ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺷ
.
ﻱﺮﺘﻛﺎـﺑ ﺭﻮﻀـﺣ ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ
A. hydrophila
ﻱﺎـﻬﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷﻮﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﺴﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺤﻃ ،ﺪﺒﻛ )
ﻭﺪﺟ ﻝ ۲ (
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﮊﻮﻟﻮﺗﺎﭘ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۱
‐ ﻝﻮﺒﻠﮔ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻝﻮﺒﻠﮔ ،ﺖﻳﺮﮐﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ ،ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻝﻮﺒﻠﮔ ﻲﻗﺍﺮﺘﻓﺍ ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻔﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻴﻔﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻗﺎﻔﺻ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻖﻳﺭﺰﺗ
ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﻤﺗ
ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﺭﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ
۰۹a
/ ۰
± ۰۹ / ۱
a ۰۸ / ۰
± ۱۰ / ۱
b ۱۲ / ۰
± ۲۹ / ۱ ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﻝﻮﺒﻠﮔ
۴۷a
/ ۱
± ۸۳ / ۳۵
a ۹ / ۰
± ۱۷ / ۳۶
b ۸۳ / ۲
± ۳۹ ﺖﻳﺮﮐﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ
۵۰b
/ ۱
± ۳۳ / ۲۵
b ۹۸ / ۰
± ۸۳ / ۲۳
a ۰۴ / ۲
± ۸۳ / ۲۰ ﺪﻴﻔﺳ ﻝﻮﺒﻠﮔ
۹۸ab
/ ۰
± ۱۷ / ۷۸
a ۱۵ / ۱
± ۷۷
b ۴۷ / ۱
± ۱۷ / ۸۰ ﺖﻴﺳﻮﻔﻨﻟ
۹۸a
/ ۰
± ۱۷ / ۱۰
ab ۵۳ / ۰
± ۳۳ / ۱۱
b ۹۸ / ۰
± ۸۳ / ۱۲ ﺖﻴﺳﻮﻧﻮﻣ
۴۱b
/ ۱
± ۱۲
b ۱۱ / ۱
± ۶۷ / ۱۱
a ۲۶ / ۱
± ۷ ﻞﻴﻓﻭﺮﺗﻮﻧ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻤﻃﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻴ
۹۵ % ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻦﻴﺗﻻ ﻱﺎﺒﻔﻟﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﺣ ﺎﺑ .
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ،ﺕﻼﻴﺷ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ۶۴
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۳ ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ، ۱۳۹۰ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ، ۲۱۷ ﺎﺗ ۲۲۷ ۲۲۱
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۲
‐ ﻼﻴﻓﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﺱﺎﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﻱﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷﻮﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﺴﺗ
ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻳ ﺶ ﺘﻧ
ﻴ ﻪﺠ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﻭ
ﺯﻻﺎﺗﺎﮐ +
ﺴﮐﺍ ﺯﺍﺪ +
+ SIM ، + ، _
ﺳ ﻴ ﻥﻮﻤ ﺳ ﻴ ﺕﺍﺮﺘ _
ﺍﻳ ﺩﺎﺠ ﺰﮐﻮﻠﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺯﺎﮔ
+
_ VP
ﻟﻴ ﺰ ﻳ ﻦ ﺴﮐﻮﺑﺮﮐﺩ ﻴ ﺯﻼ _
ﻧﺭﻭﺍ ﻴ ﺘ ﻴ ﻦ ﺴﮐﻮﺑﺮﮐﺩ ﻴ ﺯﻼ _
ﻭﺮﮐﻮﺳ ﺯ _
ﺑﺍﺭﺁ ﻴ ﺯﻮﻨ _
ﺍﻳ ﺯﻮﻨ ﻳ ﻝﻮﺘ _
ﺱﻮﻨﻴﺳ ﻲﮕﺘﺨﻴﺴﮔ ﻢﻫ ﺯﺍ ،ﻱﺍﻪﺘﺴﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻤﺳﻼﭘﻮﺘﻴﺳ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ،ﻱﺪﺒﮐ ﻱﺎﻫﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻱﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻲﮕﺘﺨﻳﺭ ﻢﻬﺑ ‐۱ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻢﻬﺑ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻞﺋﻮﮐﺍﻭ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻭ ﻲﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻲﮕﺘﺨﻳﺭ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺪﺒﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻼﻴﻓﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﺱﺎﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺱﻮﺴﺤﻣ
.
ﻞﮑﺷ ۲
‐ ﺪﮕﻧﺭ ﻊﻤﺠﺗ ﻭ ﮊﺎﻓﻭﺮﻛﺎﻣﻮﻧﻼﻣ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﻧﺍ
ﻲﻨﻳﺭﺪﻴﺳﻮﻤﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﺨﻳﺭ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ
ﻪﺑ ﻱﺪﻴﺋﻮﺴﭙﻴﻟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﻮﻬﺸﻣ ﻼﻓﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﺱﺎﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻝﺎﺤﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ .
ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
... ۲۲۲
ﻝﻭﺮﻣﻮﻠﮔ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻩﺮﻧﮊﺩ ،ﻱﺭﺍﺭﺩﺍ ﻱﺎﻀﻓ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ،ﻱﻮﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﻣ ﻡﻮﻴﻠﺘﻴﭘﺍ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻩﺮﻧﮊﺩ ،ﻱﻮﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﻣ ﻦﺘﻓﺭ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ‐۳ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻱﺎﻀﻓ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻼﻴﻓﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﺱﺎﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻦﻣﻮﺑ .
ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ،ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻲﮔﺪﻴﺒﺴﭼﻢﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻪﻳﻮﻧﺎﺛ ﻱﺎﻫﻼﻣﻻ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻡﻮﻴﻠﺘﻴﭘﺍ ﻱﺯﻼﭘﺮﭙﻴﻫ ‐۴ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺶﺸﺑﺁ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ،ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺶﺸﺑﺁ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻼﻴﻓﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﺱﺎﻨﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ
. ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻡﺭﻮﺗ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ،ﻲﺳﻮﮐﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻱﺯﻼﭘﺮﭙﻴﻫ ،ﺱﻮﮐﻮﻣ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺶﺸﺑﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻳﺍﺮﻠﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺕﻻﺩﺎﺒﺗ ﻭ ﺲﻔﻨﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻱﺰﻤﺳﺍ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻮﻳ ﺕﻻﺩﺎﺒﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎﮔ
ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻝﻼﺘﺧﺍ .
ﺚﺤﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ
A. hydrphila
ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺯ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻣﻮﻳﺭﺍﻮﮐﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
Akhlaghi and Vafaei, )
.(2002
ﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻤﺳ ﻲﺘﭙ
ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻚﻳﮊﺍﺭﻮﻤﻫ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﺷﺭﻭﺮﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
Akhlaghi, 2000)
.(
ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻢﺴﻴﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻼﻴﻓﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﺱﺎﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﻲﻳﺍﺯ
ﻢﻳﺰﻧﺁ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﺎﻫﺯﺎﺌﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫﺯﺎﺘﺳﻻﺍ ،١
ﺯﺎﻨﻴﺌﺘﺴﻴﻟ ،٢
،٣
ﺯﻼﻴﻣﺁ ﺯﺎﻨﻴﺗﻻﮊ ،ﺯﺎﭙﻴﻟ ،٤
ﺯﺎﻨﻴﺘﻴﮐ ،٥
)٦
Merino et al., 1995;
1 Proteases
2 Elastase
3Lecithinase
4 Amylase Pemberton et al., 1997
ﻦﻴﺴﮐﻮﺗﺮﺘﻧﺍ (
ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻲﻤﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻟﻮﻠﺳ
) ٧
Chopra et al., 1993 (
ﻦﻳﺰﻴﻟﻭﺮﺋﺁ ،
ﺎﺘﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻢﻋﺍ ٨
ﻦﻳﺰﻴﻟﻮﻤﻫ ﻦﻳﺰﻴﻟﻮﻤﻫ ﺎﻔﻟﺁ ﻭ ٩
ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺤﺷﺮﺘﻣ ١٠
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ
Howard and Buckley, 1985)
ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ .(
ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺰﺴﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻔﻳﺍ ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺯ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺭﻭﺁ
ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻟﻮﻬﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﻥﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻲﮑﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﺗﺎﭘﻮﺘﺴﻴﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﮐ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ .
ﺭﺩ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ
5 Gelatinase
6 Chitinase
7 Cytotoxic enterotoxins
8 Aerolysin
9 β-hemolysin
10 α-hemolysin
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ،ﺕﻼﻴﺷ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ۶۴
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۳ ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ، ۱۳۹۰ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ، ۲۱۷ ﺎﺗ ۲۲۷ ۲۲۳
ﻲﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻭ ﮏﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﺕﻻﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﺭﻮﻧﺎﺟ ﻱﺯﺎﺘﺳﻮﻤﻫ ﻥﺩﺯ ﻢﻫﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ
ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﮒﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻢﺘﺧ ﺎﻫ
ﺩﻮﺷ . ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ ﮒﺮﻣ
ﺎﻴﭘﻼﻴﺗ ﻱﺎﻬﻴﻫﺎﻣ
O. niliticus
ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ
ﻼﻴﻓﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﺱﺎﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
Ahmed and )
Shoreit, 2001; Gamal et al., 2002 .(
ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ )
۰۵ /
<۰ (p ﻝﻮﻠـﺳ ﺩﺍﺪـﻌﺗ ﺰـﻣﺮﻗ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻧﻮﺧ
RBC) ( ﺮﮐﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻭ ﺖﻳ
Hct) ( ﻲﻫﺎـﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻫﺎـﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸـﻣ ﻲﻧﻮـﺧ ﺦـﺳﺎﭘ ﻦﻳﺮـﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ .
ﻝﻮﻠـﺳ ﺩﺍﺪـﻌﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﺖﻳﺮﮐﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻮﺧ ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﺯﺭﺎـﺑ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﻮﻧﺎﺟ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﻮﺧ ﻢﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﮏﻴﺘﻴﻟﻮﻤﻫ ﻲﻤﺳ ﻦﻴﺌﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﮏﻳ ﻦﻳﺰﻴﻟﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﻲـﻣ ﺢـﺷﺮﺗ ﻼﻴﻓﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﺱﺎﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﺩﻮـﺷ
. ﺎـﺑ ﻦﻴﺌﺗﻭﺮـﭘ ﻦـﻳﺍ
ﺢﻄـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻮـﺘﻳﺯﻮﻨﻳﺍ ﻞﻳﺪﻴﺗﺎﻔﺴـﻓ ﻮـﮑﻴﻠﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻞﺼﺘﻣ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﺧ ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺒﺴﭼ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﺷﻼﺘﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ،ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻱﺎﺸﻏ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺮـﻣﺍ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺪـﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ
ﻮﺒﻠﮔ ﺰﻴﻟﻮﻤﻫ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻝ
ﺎـﻬﻧﺁ ﺩﺍﺪـﻌﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻭ ﻥﻮﺧ ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﺩﺮـﮔ
Howard et al., 1987; Parker et al., 1994)
.(
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻮﺒﻠﮔ ﻑﺬﺣ ﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﺷﺎﻧ ﻩﺪـﻳﺩ ﺐﻴـﺳﺁ ﺰـﻣﺮﻗ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻦﻳﺰﻴﻟﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﺢﺷﺮﺗ
A. hydrophila
ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﺐﺒﺳ
ﻱﻭﺎـﺣ ﻲﻨﻴﺌﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻊﻤﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻦﻴﺑﻮﻠﮔﻮﻤﻫ ﻦﻫﺁ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﺘﻳﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺭﺪﻴﺳﻮﻤﻫ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ ﻦﻫﺁ ﻲﻫﺎـﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻝﺎﺤﻃ ﺭﺩ
ﺎـﻫ
ﻲــﻣ ﺩﺩﺮــﮔ . ﺩﺍﺪــﻌﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰــﻓﺍ ﺍﺬــﻟ و
ﻩﺯﺍﺪــﻧﺍ ﺰــﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﻱ
ﻭ ﻡﺍﺪـﻬﻧﺍ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﻝﺎﺤﻃ ﻱﮊﺎﻓﻭﺮﮐﺎﻣﻮﻧﻼﻣ ﻝﻮﺒﻠﮔ ﺐﻳﺮﺨﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﻮﺳﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﮏﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺮـﺑ ﺮـﮕﻳﺩ ﻲـﻠﻴﻟﺩ ،ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻋﺩﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ .
ﻲﻳﺍﺰﺴﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻊـﻤﺠﺗ ﺭﺩ
ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ ﻝﻮﺒﻠﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻔﻳﺍ ﻝﺎﺤﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻭ ﺪـﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ
ﺚــﻋﺎﺑ ﻝﻮــﺒﻠﮔ ﻭ ﺖــﻳﺮﻛﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ ﺶﻫﺎــﻛ ﻥﻮــﺧ ﺰــﻣﺮﻗ ﻱﺎــﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ
Tvakoli and Akhlaghi, 2009)
.(
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ
) ۰۵ / p < ۰ ( ﻝﻮﺒﻠﮔ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺪﻴﻔﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
WBC) ( ﺖﻴﺳﻮﻔﻨﻟ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ، ﺖﻴﺳﻮﻧﻮﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ )
۰۵ / p <۰ ( ﻞﻴﻓﻭﺮﺗﻮﻧ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻼﻴﻓﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﺱﺎﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﻮﻬﺸﻣ ﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ .
ﻝﻮﺒﻠﮔ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺪﻴﻔﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻥﺍﺭﻮﻧﺎﺟ ﻥﺪﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺪﻳﺆﻣ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻥﻮﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ
Tvakoli and Akhlaghi, 2009)
.(
ﻞﻴﻓﻭﺮﺗﻮﻧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﻳﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺰﻴﻧ
ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﻮﺧ ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﮐ . ﻞﻴﻓﻭﺮﺗﻮﻧ ،ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﻫ
،ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﺗ ﺭﺎﺠﻔﻧﺍ ﮏﻳ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﮏﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﻭ ﻲﻃ ﺭﺩ
NADPH
ﺯﺍﺪﻴﺴﮐﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﻭﺰﻴﻟﺎﺗﺎﮐ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺪﻴﺴﮐﺍﺮﭘﻮﺳ ﻥﻮﻴﻧﺁ ،ﺩﻮﺷ
ﮐ ﺪﻨﻨ . ﺯﺍ
ﻞﻴﻓﻭﺮﺗﻮﻧ ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﻮﺳ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺼﺤﻨﻣ ﻢﻳﺰﻧﺁ ﮏﻳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺯﺍﺪﻴﺴﮐﺍﺮﭘﻮﻠﻴﻣ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻔﻳﺍ ﻲﺸﮐ ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ
. ﻝﺎﮑﻳﺩﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻢﻳﺰﻧﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﮏﻴﻟﺎﻫﻮﭙﻴﻫ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻴﺳﺍ ،ﺎﻫﺪﻴﻟﺎﻫ ﻭ ﻮﻴﺗﺍﺪﻴﺴﮐﺍ ،ﺪﻨﮐ
ﻥﮊﻮﺗﺎﭘ ﮒﺮﻣ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﺩﺩﺮﮔ
Dalmo )
et al., 1997
.(
ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﻭﺮﻨﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﻥﺩﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺍﺭﻮﻤﻫ ﻲﻋﺎﻓﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﻫ ﺩﻮﺷ
Johnston, 1978)
.(
ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺪﺒﻛ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
A. hydrophila
،
ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ ﻲﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﺳﻮﺗﺎﭙﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺑﺍ ﻡﺭﻮﺗ
ﺭﻮـﺗ ،ﺎﻫ ﻡ
ﮓـﻧﺭ ﺕﺭﺪـﻗ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻞﺋﻮﻛﺍﻭ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ،ﻢﺳﻼﭘﻮﺘﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺴﻫ ﺎـﻫﮊﺎﻓﻭﺮﻛﺎﻣﻮﻧﻼﻣ ﺰـﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺪـﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸـﻣ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ .
ﻢﻴﺸـﻧﺍﺭﺎﭘ ﺯﻭﺮـﮑﻧ ،ﻊـﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ،ﻱﺪﺒﮐ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻱ
ﻱﺎﻬﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﻡﺭﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺪﺒﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻤــﺳ ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼــﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻲــﺷﺎﻧ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻦــﮑﻤﻣ ﺰــﻴﻧ ﻱﺮﻔﭘﻮــﮐ ﻦﻴﺴﮐﻮﺗﻭﺪﻧﺍ ﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎ
A. hydrophila
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻝﻮﻠــﺳ ﻱﺮــﺑﺍ ﻡﺭﻮــﺗ ﻪــﻟﻮﻟ ﻲﺸــﺷﻮﭘ ﻱﺎــﻫ
ﻭ ﻱﻮــﻴﻠﮐ ﻱﺎــﻫ
ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻲﻓﻭﺮﺗﺮﭙﻴﻫ ﻝﻮﻠـﺳ ﺯﺮـﻣ ﻭ ﺪـﺣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺎﻫ
ﻪـﺑ ﺎـﻫ
ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻀﻓ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺒﻧ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﻱﻮﻴﻠﮐ ﻱ
ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ .
ﻥﻮـﺧ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻴﺑﺎـﻨﻴﺑ ﺖـﻓﺎﺑ ﺯﻭﺮـﮑﻧ ﻪـﻴﻠﮐ ﺯﺎـﺳ
ﻱ
ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﻝﻮـﻧﺍﺮﮔ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺱﺎـﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﻪـﺑ ﻼﺘـﺒﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺎـﻫ
ﻭ
ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
... ۲۲۴
ﻪﻧﺍﺪﮕﻧﺭ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻳﺭﺪﻴﺳﻮﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻧﻼﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻥﻮﺧ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﮑﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﺗﺎﭘﻮﺘﺴﻴﻫ ﻪـﻴﻠﮐ ﺯﺎﺳ
ﻱ
ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ .
ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺍﺪﺟ ﺱﺎـﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻡﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻼﻴﻓﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﻲﻫﺎـﻣ ﺪﺒﮐ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺤﻃ ،ﻪﻴﻠﮐ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
-
ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺯﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺍ ﻲﺷﺭﻭﺮﭘ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺮﻣ ﺭﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﻳﺆ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
Alishahi et al., 2009)
.(
ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻲﻓﻭﺮﺗﺮﭙﻴﻫ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻱﺯﻼﭘﺮﭙﻴﻫ ،ﺶﺸﺑﺁ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻐﻴﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﻮﮐﻮﻣ ﻪﻐﻴﺗ ﻥﺪﻴﺒﺴﭼ ﻢﻬﺑ ،ﻲﺸﺸﺑﺁ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫ
ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻱﺯﻼﭘﺮﭙﻴﻫ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺸﺷﻮﭘ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺶﺸﺑﺁ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﻪﺑ ﻩﺩﻮﻟﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ .
ﻦﺘﻓﺭ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ،ﺖﺳﻮﭘ ﻲﮔﺮﻴﺗ
ﺲﻠﻓ ﻪﻟﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺶﺸﺑﺁ ﻲﻓﻭﺮﺗﺮﭙﻴﻫ ،ﻲﻣﺩ ﻱ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻳﺮﻧﻮﺧ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺶﺸﺑﺁ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻱﺪﺒﮐ ﺏﺎﻬﺘﻟﺍ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ
ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﻲﺷﺭﻭﺮﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ
Ahned and Shoreit, 2001; Gamal el al., )
.(2002
ﻢﻳﺰﻧﺁ ﺢﺷﺮﺗ ،ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﺮﭘ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
،ﺎﻫﺯﺎﺘـﺳﻻﺍ ،ﺎـﻫﺯﺎﺌﺗﻭ
ﺯﺎﻨﻴﺗﻻﮊ ،ﺯﺎﭙﻴﻟ
Merino et al., 1995; Pemberton et al., )
(1997
ﻦﻴﺴﮐﻮﺗﺮﺘﻧﺍ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻲﻤـﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻟﻮﻠـﺳ
Chopra et )
al., 1993
ﻲﻠﭘﻮــﭙﻴﻟ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺰــﻴﻟﻭﺮﺋﺁ ،(
ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻫﺪﻳﺭﺎﮐﺎــﺳ
ﻼﻴﻓﻭﺭﺪـﻴﻫ ﺱﺎـﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ
Howard and Buckley, 1985) (
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺭﺍﻮﻳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻱ
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ،ﻱﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ،ﻲﺸﺷﻮﭘ
ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻥﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﻧﻼﻀﻋ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ .
ﻝﺎﮑﻳﺩﺍﺭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﻳﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﮎﻮـﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﺷﺎﻧ ﻲـﻳﺍﺯ
ﻲﺘﭙﺳ ﻦﻴﺴﮐﻮﺗﻭﺪﻧﺍ ﻲﻤﺳ ﺺﺨﺸـﻣ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪــﺷ
Abu-El-Saad, 2007)
.(
،ﺮــﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﺗﺭﺎــﺒﻋ ﻪــﺑ
ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺱﺎﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻦـﮑﻤﻣ ﺶﻳﺎـﻣﺯﺁ ﻱ
ﻲﻠﭘﻮﭙﻴﻟ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺢﻄـﺳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ ،ﺎﻫﺪﻳﺭﺎﮐﺎﺳ
ﻝﺎﮑﻳﺩﺍﺭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻲﻨﻴﺴـﮐﻮﺗﻭﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﻴﻣﻮﻤﺴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻢﻳﺰﻧﺁ ﺢﺷﺮﺗ ﻭ ﮏﻴﺘﻴﻟﻮﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎـﺟﺭﻭ )
۱۹۹۹
١( ﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﭘﻮﭙﻴﻟ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘ ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻳﺭﺎﮐﺎﺳ
ﺐﺒـﺳ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ،ﻲﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﻱﺎﺸﻏ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﮑﺷ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ،ﮏﺘﺴﻫ ﻱ
ﻥﻭﺮﻴﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺴﻫ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻲﻤﺳﻼﭘﻮﺘﻴﺳ ﻲﮔﺩﺯ
ﻪﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺑﺮﭼ ﺕﺍﺮﻄﻗ ﻭ ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
.
ﻲﻣ ﻼﻴﻓﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﺱﺎﻧﻮﻣﻭﺮﺋﺁ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ،ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻢﻳﺰﻧﺁ ﺢﺷﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺘﺨﻣ ﻡﻮﻤـﺳ ﻭ ﺎـﻫ
ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻒـﻠ
ﻝﺎﮑﻳﺩﺍﺭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻢﺘﺴـﻴﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﮏـﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ،ﻥﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﻝﻮﻠـﺳ ﻥﺩﺮـﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻱ
ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺎـﻫ
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪـﺑ ﺖـﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺮـﻣﺍ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺯﺎﺳ
ﻲﺘﭙﺳ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺐﻴـﺳﺁ ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻲﻤﺳ
ﻲـﻣ ﻲﻧﻮـﺧ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺪـﻣﺎﺠﻧﺍ
. ﺧﺎﻨـﺷ ﺍﺬـﻟ ﻖـﻴﻗﺩ ﺖ
ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻢﺴﻴﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﺯ
ﻱﺮﺛﻮـﻣ ﻲﻣﺎـﮔ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻩﺍﺭ ﮏﻳ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻉﻮﻴـﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻴﮕﺸـﻴﭘ ﺎـﻳ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺭﺩ ﻞﺣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ .
1 Vergani et al. (1999)
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ،ﺕﻼﻴﺷ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ۶۴
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۳ ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ، ۱۳۹۰ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ، ۲۱۷ ﺎﺗ ۲۲۷ ۲۲۵
References
- Abu-El-Saad, A.S. 2007. Immunomodulating effect of inositol hexaphosphate against Aeromonas hydrophila-endotoxin. Immunobiology 212: 179-192.
- Ahmed, S.M. and A.A.M. Shoreit, 2001. “Bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia in Oreochromis niloticus at Aswan fish hatcheries”. Assiut Vet. Med. J. Vol. 45, No. 89, April 200.
- Akhlaghi, M. 2000. Immunogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio. L).
Journal of Veterinary Research. 55(1): 57-62.
- Akhlaghi, M. and A. Vafaei, 2002. Pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila in Aquarium Fish. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research. 3(1): 82-87.
- Akhlaghi, M. and H. Tavakoli, 2009. Study of Lysozyme, Immunoglobulin, Blood Cell and Hematocrit Changes Following Experimental Infection with a Pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila in Rainbow Trout.
Journal of Veterinary Research. 64(2): 157-162.
- Alishahi, M. M. Soltani, and A. Zargar, 2009. Bacteriological Study of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngoon idella) Mortality in Khuzestan Province. Scientific Research Iranian Veterinary Journal. 4(5(22)): 25-34.
- Chopra, A.K. C.W. Peterson, and G.F. Jin, 1993. Cloning, expression and sequence analysis of cytolytic enterotoxin gene in Aeromonas hydrophila.Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 39: 513–523
- Chopra, A.K. and C.W. Houston, 1999. Enterotoxins in Aeromonas associated gastroenteritis.. Microbes and Infection, 1: 1129–1137.
- Dalmo, R.A. K. Ingebrightsen, and J. Bogwald, 1997. Non-specific defense mechanisms in fish, with particular reference to the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Journal of Fish Diseases, 20: 241–273,
- Dobaradaran, S. B. Bina, and B. Nasrisfahani, 2006. The Effect of Some Physical and chemical Parameters on Regrowth of Aeromonas Bacterium and Heterotrophic Bacteria in Isfahan Drinking water System. Water and Wastewater; 17 (57): 8-13.
- Fang, J.S. J.B. Chen, and W.J. Chen, 1999. Hemolytic uremia syndrome in an adult male with Aeromonas hydrophila enterocolitis. Journal of Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 14: 439-440.
- Halakou, A. N.A. Mozafar, and H. Forohesh, 2008. The Distribution of Aeromonas SPP. From the Surface waters of Golestan Province in Iran. Journal of Sciences (Islamic Azad University), 17(66): 25-29.
- Howard, S.P. and J.T. Buckley, 1985. Activation of the hole forming toxin aerolysin by extracellular processing. Journal of Bacteriology, 163:336–340
- Howard, S.P. W.J. Garlnd, J.M. Green, and J.T. Buckley, 1987. Nucleotide sequences of the gene for the hole-forming toxin aerolysin of Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of Bacteriology 169: 2869–2871
- Johnston, R.B. 1980. Jr Oxygen metabolism and the microbicidal activity of macrophages. Fed Proc 37:
2759–2764, 1978
- Joseph, S.W. and A. Carnahan, 1994. The Isolation, identification, and systematic of the motile Aeromonas species. Annual Review of Fish Diseases, 4: 315-43.
- Koneman, E. S. Allen, W. janda, W. Winn, G. Procop, P. Schreekenberger, and G. Wood, 2006. Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology.6th ed. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 417
- Mahon, C.R. and G. Manuselis, 2000. Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. W.B. Sanders Co, Philadelphia, 524
- Majumdar, T. S. Ghosh, J. Pal, and S. Mazumder, 2006. Possible role of a plasmid in the pathogenesis of a fish disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture, 256 (1-4): 95-104.
- Merino, S. X. Rubires, S. Knochel, and J.M. Tomas, 1995. Emerging pathogens: Aeromonas spp.
International Journal of Food Microbiology 28:157–168
- Mohamed, G.A. M.M.S. Fouda, and H.S. Hussein, 2002.Aeromonas hydrophila infection in male monosex O. niloticus fish reared infloating cages. 6th Vet. Med. Zag. Conference (7-9 Sept. 2002), Hurgada, Egypt.
- Morrison, D.C. and S.E. Bucklin, 1996. Evidence for antibiotic mediated endotoxin release as a contributing factor to lethality in experimental gram-negative sepsis. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. Suppl. 101: 3–8.
- Parker, M.W. J.T. Buckley, J.P.M. Postma, A.D. Tucker, K. Leonard, F. Pattus, and D. Tsernoglou, 1994.
Structure of the Aeromonas toxin proaerolysin in its water-soluble and membrane- channel states. Nature 367:292–295
ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
... ۲۲۶
- Pemberton, J.M. S.P. Kidd, and R. Schmidt, 1997. Secreted enzymes of Aeromonas. FEMS Microbology Letters 152: 1–10
- Soltandalal, M.M. Z. Ghalavand, and B. Nikmanesh, 2005. Investigation of Infection Rate to Intestinal Pathogens and Aeromonas Species in Children Suffering from Gastroenteritis at Tehran Children’s Medical Center, 2004-2005. Journal of Zanjan University of Sciences and Health services; 13(52): 37-42.
- Vergani, G. M.T. Portoles, and R. Pagani, 1999. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide effects on proliferating rat liver cells in culture: a morphological and functional study. Tissue Cell 31, 1–7.
- Xiao-liang, L. S. Jiang-bing, and F. Wei-huan, 2006. Protection of Carassius auratus Gibelio against infection by Aeromonas hydrophila using specific immunoglobulins from hen egg yolk. J Zhejiang University Science B, 7(11): 922-928.
