یکشزپ مولع رد شزومآ ی هعسوت ی هلجم

(1)

:

)* &+ ,- . /-01 2 )34

1

2

0 6-07 . 8

:

[email protected]

: 21 / 12 / 92

% &

: 10 / 8 / 93

*+,-:

. /

01 2

*3 42 5 6 4,1

7 2 *4,1 6 8 9 9 2

6: *9 ; < =,>

=,>

? @A B *1

; . , D E . ,8 2 -

*9 9 G2 3 4 /

8 1 * 8 1 8 @A 2 G H, *1 6 4,1 ; ; I .

; < 6 4,1 J K I1 1 L 2 1 *IM + D

<

.

*IM + *M N D : -

N )

Narrative Review

( , 9 ? 4 9 < H/ Q A ; *9 R

; < 6 4,1

%; : 6 7 1 2

@A 2

Pub Med ISI Web of Science ،

Scopus ، EMBASE ، Medline ،

Elsevier،

* K1 9

< 6 B ,<

*,M < H/ . 84

N *IM + L 2 T 1 ?U N 7 *1 7 1 ; V *9 = *M

W 4<

35 5 . Y *M N .

! 6 4,1 : G2 3 ; < 2 8 1 * Z 1 ; < =,> 7 8 1 6 4,1 9 89

.

6 4,1 9 ; < 2 ; < 2 K 6 4,1 6 / 2; , [ 5 6 < %; : R, . ; Y K 2 1

0/ 01 ? \ 6 89 9 Y

* 1 * ; < * K1 9 6 8 *1 6 4,1 ? \ .

2 6 4,1 ; Y :

H 1 2 \ 1 [ / 3 2; , ; 7 8 : ; <

; 1 D,M 2 \

] E\ ;U

* ? \ D R 1 EK 2 ,^ 9 Q A ;

A R 8 4 G2

.

"#

$%

9 3 :!: 9

&

? @A _ M 8 ; *9 *H ` 2 89 ,

* 1 A 2 ? A 6 / ; a *1 1 01

2 \ 0/

. J K [ 83 D ; N

; 1 . , \ 01 b ,Y,9 ? @A 8 ,5 9 *1 Z 8 8

. I83 D,N *1

?U > D ; 2 ; 4 / 1 , @ 1 2 K 6 E )

1 (.

*2 \ ; 1990

,,c B - 01 2 G H, 2 \ 6 0/ , 5 ? ,,c 8 : 2 bM d ;

/ e+ 84M ,I4/ 2 6 *9 6 0

8 ; , D *9 H : 8I *1 D b B - 2 *8 2 , ? \ D 8 H2 ; 01 ? \ 9 2 \ R,4> 01 2 G H, *1 ; .

;

% bM d D R- 2 2

? @A _ M 8 ; Y

1 -

%; : EEK 9 <

2 -

%; : EEK 9

,

Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 8:44 IRDT on Wednesday May 24th 2017

(2)

3 E\

1 8 @A 2 G H, *9 1 8

749 89

< 2 ;

*8, ;

% 2

*

? \ 01 % 1 ? \ D G,2 <

*8 2 G9 : 9 2 G2

G,89 ) 2 (.

*+,- [.

*3 @ . /

42

6 4,1 6

6 8 9 9 2

M

*4,1 B *1 6: *9 ; < =,> 7 2

? @A ;

) 3 .(

8 ; Y ;

*

1 01 ? \

* b B - ; A

) 4 ( .

*IM + B *9 fK : 2003

- 7 8 6 1 9 ; 3 1

* 1 D @ : A *

1 9 . 1 Z 01 ? \ 6 5 889 D

B 6 , D *9 M - 2005

*1 10 b 3

* . 8 U 1 ?@,E> *9 *IM + D

8 8, @ ,Ih ; Y *1 ,1 R 4

D @ : % 8

) 5 .(

*IM + *9 fK ,

7 / 63 ; 3

Y 8 ; *9 9

B 7 B A

; ? @A < H/ 1 1 7 R. - * &5

9 Y 8

. L A ; 6

/ 48 * 4 ; 3

4,1 T H- . *9 9 0j 2 *1 1 889

8

889 kH9 @A 8 ; )

6 (.

;

*IM + 1 *9

3347 : 6 ; Y

8 *1 6 4 <

l m9 8

6:

2 ) 9 / 73 3 ( . b 1 8 ; Y

,Y 6 4,1 ; 8 H

) 7 (.

*IM + D / , < *IM + 7 ; RN *1 \

6 ,1 :

*9 89 35 H ; 6 ; 3 R

; 1 ; < n @A ,8 *1 Z 1 6: ; 4, - 9 1 ; 6 ; ] E \ , 2

; ; < 6 4,1 ; Y W D 2 >

9 ; 1 2 6 4,1 .

) 2 ( .

*M N D

*IM + -

N )

Narrative

Review

( , 9 ? 4 9 < H/ Q A ; *9 R

) ; < 6 4,1

6 %; :

( 2

< H/

Yahoo Google

7 1 2 A 2

@

Pub Med ISI Web of Science

Scopus

EMBASE

Medline Elsevier

* K1 9 6 B ,<

<

I *IM + D L 2 ; < 6 4,1

0Y

\ 1 9 2 >

6 4,1

; <

1 . *,M < H/ *IM + D 84

*M N

1 ?U N 7 *1 7 1 ; V *9 = W 4< *IM + L 2 T 35

. Y *M N

5 .

!

; 2 _ M 8 ; 01 2 G H,

Y 6: L 2 *9

. ,Y,9 b 2

*8 2 b2 9 01 2 R- 2

H *1 Z 1 R

9 , .

01 ? H ,

1

* 8 A

E ,^ 9 2 G H, ; 2 M ,<

1 3

* 01 *d 2 Y ? \

D 889

, M ? @A o 2 G H, 1 ? @A 6 4,1

)

Electronic Patient Record

( p 889 ) 8 (.

? D ; ;

)

Telemedicine

(

*\ *9 ; R, . ; ; 2

)

Telenursing

( 1 . _ 9 1 D,M 1 B

1980 6: L 2 9 Y ; ;

*

\ 0 *1 ? l

5 ; QA 8 *9 1

(3)

8 EEK ? \ *1 9 .

* 1 D

D _ E 9 ,M R, .; 2 9 I1 * 5 1 , : )

9 (.

2 * 1 ,N ; I1

; < 6 4,1 W h ; )

Virtual

Hospital

( 5 q + a *1 , )

10 ( .

; Y 4 9 l * l 6 ;

< 2 l ;

*2 *1 1980

1

5 ; Y 1 * \ 6 9 9 *9 1 ; 6:

5 H, _ M 8 .

6 ; W D G0 5r 2

2 6 ; 2 6: ; Y , 1 . 1 6

.

s@A 2 6 ; *1 ; < 2 6 ; ; *9 5

bK1 42 1 ? @A _ M 8 Q A ; 6: J K 2 fK @ 9 2; R, 6 1 8 H2 Z

42 1 6 6 ; ; t 889

) 11 (.

6 ;

; < 2 )

6 4,1 * 4/ ;

; <

( 0d

5r

; 8 H2 ) 2 (:

1 - ? A )

Connectivity

:(

6 ; 5r D,M 2

. *9 ? A ; <

G2 ; *9 ;

1 ; > 6 1 8 H2 8 1 Z . 1*

* 8 6 1 7 6 8 9 B m A

7

7 42 1 [4/ , 6

9 L 2 6 1 , 2 W / u 1 D,8v42 889

3 \ ?U E> ? \ , n- 889 .

2 - L 2 )

Purpose

:(

*d *9 2 w B D *1

2 \ ; < 6 ; D ; I 8 .

L 2

h , n / * 3 *8 2 b2 9 R . / * 3 ...

1 .

3 - _ M 8 )

Technology

:(

*9 _ M 8

G2 ; < 6 ; < 6 4

. ; W *

; < 6 ; < , 9 bN *9 _ M 8 ; 8 l

Z ; )

Telecommunications

( 7 1

@A 2 )

Databases

(

* 8d ?

)

Multimedia

.(

4 - ; )

Boundary

:(

< 2;

2 bK1

6: *1 *9 2 bK1 ; Z 1 ; < 6 ; *1 *9

; / 8 H, Z 1 )

2 .(

EK 2 ,^ 9 ; , 6: 1 9 6 ;

: .

L A ; 1 8 ; Y

Z . 1

,

2 *9 x 1

2 6

? @A *1 6 1 2 / B; 8 k+ ; ,Y 01

. 2 , D

4 / E . ,8 *9 9 G2 3

1 8 @A 2 G H, *1 6 4,1 ; ; I 8

* 8 1 ? @A 1 \ ; ,

Y EK G H,

o

? @A

, M

EK )]

Personal Electronic Medical Record (PEMR

( [

2 3 E \ *9 4 ,\y

. 2

\ * \ 9

*

6 k+ 01 ? \

@A D *1

1 * 3 E\ ?

) 8 (.

6 4,1 ; < 6 ; 7 6 8 *1 , ; < 2

G2 3 8 1 6 4,1 9 89

< =,> 7

8 1 * Z 1 ;

) 12 (.

3 L 2 W D

6 4,1 2

6 89 9 2; , [

6 4,1 01

) 13 (.

/ ; < 6 4,1 Z W * )

9 (:

1 - 6 42 ,p

)

Asynchronous Consultation

:(

q 6 ; I1 4,1 % D ; U \ B -

, M R *1 9 6 6

W / Z 1 fEK *1 ?U D -

w 2 \ ?U 6: *1 . W .

2 - ll Z 42 l 6 )

Synchronous Communication

:(

(4)

1 % D R ,. ; ; Y

DY V Y89

8 D,1 )

Web Cam

( 1 4,1

* 1 G,N H A

. 1 Z 9

?U B - q 89

q + \ 1 ;

* \ w G,N H A

W / 2 G H, *1 .

3 - 1 ; ; 7 _ M , 2 ,c )

Remote

Physiologic Monitoring

:(

B 89 z8 *1 Z W D

R, . ; 4,1 _ M , 2 ,c 8,M 1 ,Ih Y ; . { 6 \ 7 *9

* , , \ , M l

4,1 l . l

1*

B *A 1 7 *1 4,1 ? @A k A T 4 4,1 1 I, A ,p f,K [. 5

;U 2 *,3 * 5 5 *

. % D

. ,Y,9 b x 1 *1 ; ? I/ ; 2

89 ,5 / 2 6 4,1 )

14 (.

; < 6 4,1 7 ;

<8 ; , ; < 6 4,1 7 ; 1 5 D,M 1 H9 *d 1 @A W *d *9 G, 1

G,89 G2 .

08 H <8 ; , % z8 D 1 .

4 6 T 1 2; , 1 ; )

Literature-Based

Needs Assessment

:(

H5 ? IM + % D

*,0 0/

,5 < I 4 ? @A .

* - E T 1 2; , 1 ; )

Interview-Based Needs

Assessment

:(

6 A K 1 , * - D 6 5 82 *

< * - E 6 / 01 ? \ 2; , ,5

6: 2 \

,5 . z , 2 )

15 .(

?

; < 6 4,1 < 1 ; ,

?

;

- A 4,1 7 ; , 5 *>Y3 7 l

< 6 l R ;

H , ? ,0< ? < H/ 6

kM + < H/ 1 J K [1 8 D &5

; < * K1 9 < ; ,

Z . 1 ?

8

D,1 ) 2 .(

; < 6 4,1 \ :

D,M 6 4,1 \ .

*H / ; <

* ; , ? \ *9

89 G2 8 .

H *H D : [4/ B

Q,. 4 ? @A D 4 I [1 8 ;

*1 6 8,4A *9 89 9 6 4 *9 2

\ l 01 ? l

n 7 l

; <

*

82 2 5 4 1 I |

*A 1 2

8 H2 . H *H D D,8v42 H 4 ,M

R

.@\ .

*4,1 ?

, * 5 0 1

H

4 fEK K B

1 .

; < 6 4,1 *1 Z 1 ? *H D D,8v42 8,1 | )

16 (.

. ; \ 1 *9 < : ; ,5 * 4 R, . ; ?

4,1 Q A ; , ? 8 I \ 1 6 \ ; < 6

4 & 6 ] \ 01 9 7 D 1 81 1

* 5 z z8 D 1 ; , ? 3 *9

W / 9 D *1 ? ;: < ; V

5 D 5 6: o

; < n 2 Q A ; <

6 4,1 ; <

*,N1 8 6 f,K R-

; , ? 3 889 B

? .

W

. 889 ) 17 (.

* 8 1 6 4,1 W D ; 8 1

889 Y 2

6:

; < 6 4,1 T : *1 8 Q A ; 1 2

*>Y3 n 6: B

889 R,4 .

D

5 ,1 ? EK R n 6; . R, . ; ,

D

*N1 Rc R, . ; ? EK \ 1 , 4,1

Q1

*,0 *9 1 q

749 4,1 ; B -

89 . 9 7 ; 7 2 *1 n R,4 ; V

7 3 E \ 1 9 Q I 3 E \

,5

(5)

< n 7 6: 6 9 1 *9 l

1 ; l ; 1 6:

fEK \ =N *9 ; < 6 4,1

; < *9 * ? @A D *1 8

8 1 . D,8v42 R1 . ; 2 ? @A D

b R1 . .

3 D

*, 9 *>Y

? .

< 4,1 1 *9 o

6 *1

6 6 89 9 6 ; N,. ? @A 2

8 1 * 4,1 ,Ih .

D,8v42 9 6

6 ;U 2; < ; V , 6 4,1 D

<

o ; 889

8 6 ; 2

*,3 889 \ 6 4,1 6: *1 ;U 2

2

82 *

7 7 1 7 6 -

, 2 6 4,1 W D G2

. D 1 @

R, . ; ] \ @A 2 7 1 \ 1 *1 6 7 1

?@\ @A

)

Drug Interactions Database

(

< 0/

. 2 6 4,1 ; \ 1

6 ? \ *

82 } 1 \ 1

*

*8 2 ? \ 6 4,1 ;

*8 2 D *9 889

8 Q A ; , 2 ? 9

\ R1 .

) 2 ( . 8 ; , , ; < 6 4,1 ; < 2 * 1 8 42

4, 42 K1 D,1 82 42

. * 8 *1 */ 1

6 4,1 2 - A 8 H2 *,M R- ; 82 ; <

H 889 */ 6 4,1 W D - A 1 D,M

< =,>

889 7 2 6 4,1 I. =,> *1 ; 6: 6 A K 6 /

G H, 1 Z 2

8 4 . 1 ; <

6 6 6 1 8 1

889 . 1 Z , 6 4,1 - 6 4,1 .

1*

A

; < 6 4,1 B m 482 R 1

*>Y3 Q,.

bK1 1 B R, . ; J K 2

2

7,8, 9

_ M ;: 2

l s H1 2 l s

*,0 1

) 18 (.

'(

* ? Y K 1 9 ; < 2 6 4,1

6 4,1 6 < 2; , 6 : 1 1 I1 R8

G2 01 ;

) 12 (}

} 5 6 < %; :

; 6 < %; :

% ; ; < 2 6 4,1 Q A o 2

R,0H ,5 *9 6 4,1 D 6 < 89

*9 < : ; ; <

4,1 *1 , : W ~,2 8

4 kH9 ,1 VY *1 4

; 889

D,1 ; , 1 , ; ; T L A )

21 -

19 (.

6 4,1 W %; : E. *9 ; < 2

* 4 ; Y K 8,M 1 2

) (case

8 H2 %; : 0/

6 8,M 1 ? @A *1 [ &

. L +I

&

8 H2 %; : 0/ 6 6 ;

6 4,1 T

I. 2 )

22 .(

, ^ 9

6 4,1 D ; ,

; %; : 1 ; < 2 2

Y - / )

23 .(

*IM + G2

*9

R 4 ] E\ 6 ,1 ; < 6 c 1 6:

2 6 < %; : 1 ; < 6 4,1 ; Y *1

6: s Y *1 k . m9 *9 , Q D 1 2

1 . Q A ; %; : Q , 6 < m9 D,8v42

6 4,1 W D 6: 1 2

Q *9 6 < ; *

6: R 9 8 : 6:

,^ 9 1 2

8 Q ; < 6 4,1 ,2 1 8 H

1 . *9 9 0j 6 < m9 *IM + D D,8v42

6 4,1 *1 *, ,\ ; < 6 4,1 1 I. 2

) 24 .(

, 6 42 , , , *IM +

B 2011 1

6 8 ,o 1 * ; < 6 4,1 Q A ; %; :

6 < ,5 6 , 1 I1

(6)

8 9 )

Oakland

( <

*9 , *<, D *1

%; :

; < 6 4,1 Q A ; *1 <8

* . 2

4,1 K 89 01 +\ D 49 * 8 6 1

1 ,1 1 * 4 .

08 1 R, > D

4 6 <

=,>

V^ ; <

* \ : B N 2

6:

1 . I. =,> *1 2 )

25 .(

6 4,1 6 / 2; , 1 ,

* [ k, D 5

}

Y % D ; *9 4,1 \ B 8 889

H- - T - 889

6: 01 I 2

H 6 4,1 0 1 \ 6 ; ,M

889 kH9 ,1 VY *1 4 ,5 .

? IM +

% D *9 6 6 5 5

% 1 *H N 2

D4 8

*8 2 1

49

B 89 6

o D - 2 4,1 )

26 .(

*IM + , 6 42 6 ; < 6 4,1 ; \

R, . ; - Y *1 @ 6 4,1 Q,. B 89 6 1 Y 2 Y *I / ; 1 H 9 8

B; 8 < Y 1 8 \

.

1 @ 6 K1 h a *IM + D *H N , 01 6 , 6 4,1 2 *8 2 b2 9

1 49 6 4,1 6 H1 1 )

27 .(

K

; < 2 :

< % &

)

Readmission

(

*9 1 *8 2 [ ?@nI ; 2 6 4,1 u 8 / R1 . ,p ? . k p )

28 .(

*IM + *9

)

Ontario

( *9 fK < 9

f,\ \ bK1 ; *9 4,1 ; B A

% & 6 4,1 < 8 : ; )

29 .(

*9

1 •M 1 *8 2 700

G H, 1 B U 6 , , 01

R,4> 9 D 89

. / *1 , D

3 l

* ,1 l

*,M 2 . ? \ D 01

.

* 1 - 2 1 Z 1 B 8 . 2

. b x 1 < % &

bK1 6 4,1 [4<

2

V _

* */ R 1 ? \

;

) 30 ( . 6 4,1 f,\ *1 Z 1 * 1 D 8d *d 5 *

* 1 D ; 49 I ? o 1 / R1 . 2

* ,Y

) 31 .(

1 D,M 1 ; < K 0Y

V M = )

Lewis

( B 2004 6 8 @, .

% & 6 4,1 1 6 4,1 % D

6: 1 *,M ? . < 2

* 8 ; I1 ,5

1 o 4,1 ,Ih )

Stable

( 4,1 D l f,\ 6

H, 889 l

G 2 l

6: ,^ 9

o 2

889 H1 ; < 2 K -@+3

Z Q A ; ? . * 5 2 I1 *1 D ; < 8 1 4,1 ,Ih 5 ,5

G,

n- 6 4,1 B; 8 ? . 1

6: *1 2 * 2 .

% D ; Y 9

6 4,1 < % & , 4 d b2 9 x 1 6 4,1 2

) 32 (.

0/ 01 ? \ 6 89 9 Y

*

}? \ 2 1 9 ;

6 4,1 D 1 2 \ 2

*9 ; *1 kM + ? @A *1 9

, 6 ; D 49 7 1 [ < H/ 6

2

@A

*

\

6 / *1 01 ?

G2

89 ) 33 (.

*IM + < > ?U *9

66 ; 3

2 5 ; < 6 4,1 ; 6 5 889 Y *

889

R, 01 ? \

) 15 .(

4,1

; < * K1 9 6 8 *1 6 R4

89 ; \ 1

2 9

? @A ; < * K1 9 6 8 *1 ; < 6 4,1 . *I / T ; 2

. B m 1

B 2 1992

* K1 9 V, Q A ;

6 4,1 M ,<

; <

)

Virtual Hospital Digital

(7)

Library

(

? \ Y K

1

* 6 5 82

? \

01 6: 6 4,1 QA 8

2

9 G2 )

15 .(

6: * 4/ ; *9 ; ; < 2 6 4,1 2

9 ; *1 6 .

*, 9 6 4,1 D 2 * - E

= h 6 4,1

1 7 = < ; , ? 3 .

D

Y % D ; 8 2 % *9 M - 4 3 ? @A 1 7 * 8

*z - 9 *, \ .

9

6 1 \ ? @A

fEK

& 1 | *1 .

9

*1 kM +

; *1 6 ; D 49

, 6 4,1 5 ; 1

6 4,1 ; \ 1

*9 1 6 9 9

82 e,/ 8 2 G H, *1 8 6 4,1

; <

*1 1 \ *8 5 9 R

.

D,8v42 ] \ 2 5 1

8 *9 R, . ;

8 H2 *I/ 6 *9 4H/ 2

QA 8 *9 , 6 4,1 *1 n- 5 ; n- *I/ ; *9 , 889

M <\

8 9 Y

; 6 4,1

; <

k 8 1 . D

4,1 W 6

G H, 1 2

6 N , 01 2

* 3 *1 .

8,1 b, 8 : *9

7

? .@

? .@ ; ,H1 D / 8 2

2

2 \ 6 1 6 4,1 n- .

1*

*9 A

V 7 6 H

8Y 24 / *

= *9 6

l 4,1 l

; 2 6

* 5 T 4 V D 1 8

*,3 ;U 2

8 4 .

% D n- ? I/ b2 9 x 1

*1 6 4,1 2

6 4,1 w

; ,H1 ?U

\ 1

* n- ,p 8Y ? 3

.

*8, ; 4 ? @A b

? h

01

6 4,1 W D ;

2 6

* 1 / *1 M 1 p 2

)

Screening

( *9 9

4,1 \ 1 8 J 9 9 Y 6: ; 6 2

.

H = 2 6 4,1 W D D,8v42

1

I / ; 7 2 l

G2 01 ? \ ; *

* U [ ; @ M . 1 *1 *9 ; 749 *I / e+ ? \ 89

. ; ,H1 ;

M ,< R *1 \ 2 : 2 * V R, . ; 82

M 2

6 \ ? ;: _

*9 c . 6: 6

6: . 2

W / , fEK *1 )

15 10 2 .(

*IM + ? \ ; 6 4,1 h 6 , 1 *1

*

\ ; G H, =

* ,Y,9 *9

? \ N *

% 1 1 1 8 2

1 ) 34 .(

*IM + , 6 42 R 9 6 , 1 *1 \

1 ; G H, ; 6 4,1 6 h 8 \ 6 \ B 89 .

*9 8 Y5 6 *IM + D

6: 9 G<- 6: ,8 ? . ? , 2

2

*H N b E K n- 8 % 1

* . 6: 5 ; / D 1

; 2

o ; ,H1 1 l

1 I1 2 6 *1 ; ,

b2 9 )

35 ( .

;

< 6 4,1 *1 Z 1 2 l

; l Y

/ ; \ 1 D 4 *9

\ 1 , N 1

R, . ; ] \ 2 \ 1 B - q G @ D H 2 K 2

889

*9 1 R D R-

; ; < 2 6 4,1 ,2 2 \ 1 <

889 .

; 2

H *1 6 ; < n ,8 R

4 H 1 *9 9 bK ; ,5 / 0/ ;U ? ,0

,5 < 3 E\ ? @A .

(8)

2 ; ,

H *1 Z 1 . .@\ R

1 9 9 ; Y z8 D 1 *9 ? @A o - 3 E \ H D -

R

4 R- .

\ 1 R 4 ; Y 1 6

; < 6 4,1

?@ ; ,

.

; R3 - 2 Y9 . ?@ ;

1 , M 2

* D 4 B m A

[+. *1 8 1 * 9 q h _ M E 1 ? @A 8 6 R3

* RN 8 [ A

f,K *1 <8 *9 ; . * 8 6 <

*1 <8 - 5 e,>3 ,p 2

5 6 / R1 . ,p € .

D,8d . • >M ;

H H9 *d + B

‚ fEK 7 6 4,1

? ,0< ; ? \ 82 *

8 .

H ; *9 ? \ W D *8 2 D, R

M R N 1 2 )

23 - 21 .(

*9 5 *<, 6 s 9y ? *1 */ 1 ;

1 ; [ / *9 < :

* 6 8, 4 *1 ,5 A

889 9 - 6 ,^ 9

D 1 81 ; Y

6 4,1

; < 2 2; , ; 7 8 :

3

H 1 2 \ 1 [ /

\ ; 1 D,M ;U 2

] E\

* 2 ,^ 9 Q A ; ? \ D

R 1 EK G2

8 4 ) 2 .(

9 , 6 ,M

6 89 G2 ; 01 ;U ? ,04 1

\ ; 1

*I R ,. ; ; < 6 4,1 2

* 1 9 ; 4 2 5: b 8 9 %; : 2 9 Q u < ; Y

...

8 4 G2 .

)* &*

*, 9 ; * , 8 1 ,0 *9 42

*M N D *

482

; nI1 . 9

-

, @ ; q *1 ,1 Y 0/ 2 :

: ; < 6 4,1

http://www.vh.org

6 9 9 ; < 6 4,1

(http://www.vh.org/VCH)

; < 6 4,1 8M; ,

http://www.nzvwg.org.nz

D, M ; < 6 4,1

http://www.mcckc.edu

References

1- Alizadeh A, Mohammadi A, Khademloo M, Hosaini H. Survey of views of medical students on telemedicine methods developed in the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

SDME. 2013; 10 (2) :129-41. [in Persian].

2- Syrjänen E. Building a virtual hospital. Turku Centre for Computer Science / Medical Informatics Unit. 2013;Available from: URL:

http:// is2.lse.ac.uk/asp/aspecis/20000152.pdf.

3- Mihova P, Vinarova J, Petrov A, Penjurov I.

Milestone before/after analysis of telemedicine implementation. Том. 2009;7:65-7.

4- Masters K. For what purpose and reasons do doctors use the Internet: A systematic review.

International Journal of Medical Informatics.

2008; 77: 4–16.

5- Beckjord EB, Finney Rutten LJ, et al. Use of the internet to communicate with health care providers in the United States: estimates from the

(9)

2003 and 2005 Health Information National Trends Surveys (HINTS). J Med Internet Res.

2007; 9(3):e20.

6- Hesse BW, Nelson DE, Kreps GL, et al. Trust and sources of health information: the impact of the Internet and its implications for health care providers: findings from the first Health Information National Trends Survey. Arch Intern Med. 2005; 165(22):2618-24.

7- Bennett NL, Casebeer LL, Kristofco RE, Strasser SM. Physicians' internet information- seeking behaviors. The Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions. 2004; 24: 1- 38.

8- Markle S, Hasait S, Tschirley R, Kochy K.A distributed visualization environment as GUI for a virtual hospital. International Congress Series.

2005; 1281:200–5.

9- Hjelm NM. Benefits and drawbacks of telemedicine. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. 2005; 11: 60–70.

10- Graschew G, Roelofs TA, Rakowsky S, Schlag PM, Heinzlreiter P, Kranzlmüller D, Volkert J. Virtual hospital and digital medicine-- why is the GRID needed? Stud Health Technol Inform. 2006; 120:295-304.

11- Reinicke B. Creating a Framework for research on virtual organizations. Journal of Information Systems Applied Research. 2011;

4(1): 49.

12- Wilhelmy J, Markle S. Virtual humans in a virtual hospital simulation of diagnostic and therapeutic processes. International Congress

Series. 2004;1268:1340.

13- Allen J, Kentucky L. Surgical Internet at a glance: The virtual hospital. Am J Surg. 1999;

178:1.

14- Dixon RF, Perrotti R. The virtual practice.

Tomorrow’s medicine, today. 2002; Available from: URL: http://www2.massgeneral.org/

beaconhill/The%20Virtual%20Practice_9-08.pdf . 15- D'Alessandro MP, D'Alessandro DM, Bakalar RS, Ashley DE, Hendrix MJC. The Virtual Naval Hospital: the digital library as knowledge management tool for nomadic patrons. J Med Libr Assoc. 2005; 93(1): 16–20.

16- Graschew G, Roelofs TA, Rakowsky S, Schlag PM. Medical GRID and E-Learning in the Virtual Hospital. NBC Proceedings. 2008: 20;

413–6.

17- Xu H, Liu Y, Su Y, Zhou L, Yang G, Yi X.

Virtual subject innovation platform: A new operational pattern for comprehensive hospital. J Med Syst. 2012; 36:2319–24.

18- Wilhelmy J, Märkle S. Virtual actors for a patient oriented virtual hospital. In: Lemke H, Inamura K Doi K, Vannier M, Farman A, Reiber JC, Editors. CARS 2002 Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 2002; 1018.

19- Kiegaldie D, White G. The virtual patientdevelopment, implementation and evaluation of an innovative computer simulation for postgraduate nursing students. J Educ Multimedia Hypermedia. 2006; 15(1):3-47.

20- Billings DM. Teaching and learning in virtual

(10)

worlds. J Contin Educ Nurs. 2009; 40:489-90.

21- Ellis I, Hercelinskyj G, McEwan B. Teaching telenursing with the Charles Darwin University Virtual Hospital. In: Kumar S, Snooks H, Editors.

Telenursing. Hersey Philadelphia USA: Springer;

2011, 5-16.

22- Mili F, Barr J, Harris M, Pittiglio L. Nurse training: 3D game with learning bjectives.

Proceedings of the First International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interaction.

Sainte-Luce, Martinique,2008.

23- Martin-Parra JI, Manuel-Palazuelos JC, Maestre JM, Gómez-Fleitas M, del Moral I.

Changing the paradigmin health care education:

hospitalvirtual Valdecilla. Journal of Surgical Education. 2014; 71(1): 142-6.

24- Merdjanova E, Krasteva N, Tsokova J, Boicheva N, Kirkova A. Project Vitrual Hospital.

A SWOT Analysis. Trakia Journal of Sciences.2010; 8(2):400-404.

25- Pittiglio LI, Harris MA, Mili F. Development and evaluation of a three-dimensional virtual hospital unit: VI-MED. Comput Inform Nurs.

2011; 29(5): 267-271.

26- Eron L. Telemedicine: the future of outpatient therapy? Clin Infect Dis. 2010; 51(Suppl 2):S224- 30.

27- Eron LJ, Marineau M, Baclig E, Yonehara C, King P. The virtual hospital: treating acute infections in the home by telemedicine. Hawaii Med J. 2004;63(10):291-3.

28- van WC, Dhalla IA, Bell C, et al. Derivation and validation of an index to predict early death or

unplanned readmission after discharge from hospital to the community. CMAJ. 2010;

182(6):551-7.

29- Eng S. Towards patient centred care part 2:

virtual wards and good old fashioned homevisits [Internet]. Toronto: CARP; 2011. [cited 2011 Aug

17]. Available from:

http://www.carp.ca/advocacy/adv-article- display.cfm?documentID=6061.

30- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH).The use of virtual wards to reduce hospital readmissions in Canada. Available

from: URL: http://

http://www.cadth.ca/products/environmental- scanning/environmental-scans/environmental- scan-27.

31- Mistiaen P, Francke AL, Poot E. Interventions aimed at reducing problems in adult patients discharged from hospital to home: a systematic meta-review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2007;7:47.

32- Lewis G. Predictive modeling in action: how 'virtual wards' help high-risk patients receive hospital care at home. The Commonwealth Fund.

2010; 94:1-15.

33- Graschew G, Roelofs TA, Rakowsky S, Schlag PM. The virtual hospital as a digital tool for e-health. IFMBE Proceedings. 2004; 14(1):

358-361.

34- Pal SK, Pandey GS, Kesari A, Choudhuri G, Mittal B. Telemedicine: e-health and hospital of the future. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research. 2002; 61: 414-22.

35- Krousel-Wood MA, Re RN, Abdoh A, et al.

(11)

Patient and physician satisfaction in a clinical study of telemedicine in a hypertensive patient

population. J Telemed Telecare. 2001; 7(4):206- 11.

(12)

The Virtual Hospital: A New Approach to Education and Treatment

Ghafouri Fard M¹, Hasankhani H¹

1 Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

Corresponding Author: Ghafouri Fard M, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz,Iran Email: [email protected]

Received: 12 Mar 2014 Accepted: 1 Nov 2014

Background and Objective: New areas in the field of health care are the cooperation between health professionals, hospitals, medical centers, and insurance experts in a virtual environment in which information is exchanged. The technical and socioeconomically progression provided an opportunity that many patients have access to Internet-based information systems. This study was carried out to investigate the diverse dimensions of the virtual hospital.

Materials and Methods: In this narrative review, we searched the databases such as PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Medline, Elsevier and INLM using the keywords “Virtual Hospital, treatment and medical education”. We found 84 articles at first and then it was decreased to 35 articles according to the aim of the study.

Results: The Virtual Hospital provides an opportunity to enable medical staff and patients communicate with each other in a virtual environment. It has various applications such as educating medical students; meeting clients and patients' needs, visiting virtual wards, using health care workers to provide services, and establishing a virtual library.

Conclusion: Using virtual hospitals will be one of the main requirements of human societies at near future.

The authorities of our country should provide the structures necessary to provide services through personal computers and mobile phones and other communication media.

Keywords: Virtual hospitals, Medical education, Treatment.