،ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻭ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
٥ ٦ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ٣ ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ، ١٣٩١ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ، ٤٢٣
ﺎﺗ ٤٣٢ ٤٢٣
ﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻳ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺑﺩ ﻲ ﺮﺟ ﻳ ﻥﺎ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻖﻠﻌﻣ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﻭ
) ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
ﻱ : ﺓﺯﻮﺣ ﺨﺑﺁ ﻴ ﺭﻮﺠﮐ ﺰ (
ﺭﻮﻧ ﻩﺰﻤﺣ
۱*
، ﻴﺳ ﺪ ﻴﻧﺮﻴﻣ ﻕﻼﺧ
۲ﺎ ﻪﺤﻴﻠﻣ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺳ
ﻒﻳﺮﻇ
۳ﻢﻈﻌﻣ
ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺩ ﻱﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ۱
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،
ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﺸﻧﺍﺩ۲
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،
ﺱﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ۳
ﺩﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻱﺭﺍ
، ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،
) ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
٢٣ / ٢ / ٨٨ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ، :
٣٠ / ٢ / ٩١ (
ﮑﭼ ﻴ ﻩﺪ
ﯽﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻻﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻳ ﻩﺪﻨ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺼﺘﻣ ﻣ ﮎﺎﺧ ﺕﺍﺭﺫ
ﻲ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻳ
ﺍ ﺖﺷﻮﻧﺮﺳ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻦ ﻳ
ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻦ ﺤﻣ
ﻴ ﺯ ﻂ ﻳ ﺖﺴ ﺁﺮﻓ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻳ
ﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﺪﻨ ﻳ ﺶ
ﻌﺗ ﮎﺎﺧ ﻴﻴ ﻣ ﻦ ﻲ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ . ﺬﻐﻣ ﻱ ﺴﮐﺍ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ،ﻥﺪﺷ ﻴ
ﮋ ﻈﻠﻏ ﻦﺘﻓﺭ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻥ ﺍﺬﻏ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺖ
ﻲﻳ ) ﻧ ﻭ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻴ ﻥﮊﻭﺮﺘ ( ﻝﺎﻧﺎﮐ ،ﻥﺯﺎﺨﻣ ﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻳ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺮ
ﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺁ ﻳ
ﮔﺩﻮﻟﺁ ﺐﻗﺍﻮﻋ ﻦ ﻲ
ﺏﺁ ﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻲ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻳ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺀﺰﺟ ﻮﺳ ﮏ ﯽﺗﺎﻴﺣ
ﺪﺷﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻮﻤﻧ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺟ ﺍ ﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻥ ﻱ
ﺩ ﻳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕ
ﮔﺩﻮﻟﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻲ
ﺬﻐﻣ ﻭ ﺏﺁ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻱ
ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ
ﻲ ﺁﻳ ﺪ . ﺪﻘﻣ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺍ
ﺭ ﻳﺯ ﯼﺩﺎ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﯽﻃ
ﮔﺪﻧﺭﺎﺑ ﻲ ﮐ ﺮﺑ ﻴ ﻔ ﻴ ﺖ
ﺎﭘ ﺏﺁ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻴﻳ
ﻮﺳ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻦ ﻲﻳ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ . ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻲ
ﻪﻈﺤﻟ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺖﻓﺭﺭﺪﻫ ﺍ
ﻱ ﺍ ﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﻦ ﺳﻭ
ﻴ ﻪﻠ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺑﺩ ﻲ ﺨﺑﺁ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻭ ﻴ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺪﻧﺯﺎﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﺠﮐ ﺰ .
ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﺜﮐﺍﺪﺣ ﻭ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻳ ﻦ
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻴ ﺐ ۲۶ / ۰ ﻭ ۶۴ / ۱۸۶۰ ﻟ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﮔ ﻴ ﮔ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺮﺘ ﻴ
ﺮ ﻱ ﺪﺷ . ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺞ ﻴ ﻦ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺭﺍﺪﻘ
ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺳﻭ
ﻴ ﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﻠ ﺍ ﺭ
ﺑﺩ ﻲ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﺬﭘ ﻳ ﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺮ ﻲ
ﻣ ﻖﻠﻌﻣ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻲ
ﺮﺿ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻳ
ﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐ ﻲ
ﺎﻄﺧ ﻭ ﻱ ﻤﺨﺗ ﻴ ﻦ ﻪﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ۹۴ ﻭ ۲۳ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻫ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﺳﺭ ﻩﺍﺮﻤ ﺖﺳﺩ
ﺁ ﺩﺭﻭ . ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﺞ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻨﺷﻭﺭ ﻲ ﯽﻫﺍﻮﮔ ﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻳ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ
ﺨﺑﺁ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻴ
ﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺭﻮﮐﺬﻣ ﺰ ﻳ
ﺍﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮ ﻳ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻂ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ
ﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﺀ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭ ﻳ ﺰ ﻱ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻣ ﮎﺎﺧ ﻭ ﺏﺁ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﻲ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻠﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻱ : ﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﻳ ﻣ ﺖﻓﺭﺭﺪﻫ ،ﮎﺎﺧ ﺶ ﺍﺬﻏ ﺩﺍﻮ
ﻲﻳ ﺳﺮﮔﺭ ﻝﺪﻣ ،ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ، ﻴ
ﻧﻮ ﻲ ، ﻪﺿﻮﺣ ﺭﻮﺠﮐ
* ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :
ﻦﻔﻠﺗ : ۳۰۷۴۷۶۵
‐ ٠٩١٦ ﺲﻛﺎﻓ : ٦٢٥٣٤٩٩
‐ ٠١٢٢ E-mail: [email protected]
۴۲۴ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻲﺑﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻭ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻖﻠﻌﻣ
...
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺶﻳﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﺄﺗ
ﺛ ﻴ ﺕﺍﺮ ﯽﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻥﺁ
ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ
ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻥﺮﻗ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
، ﻮﺳ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﺀ
ﻩﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ
ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺭﺍﺪﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺪﺟ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﺭﺩ
ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺶﻳﺎﺳﺮﻓ
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺐﻳﺮﺨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺰﻴﺨﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺞﻳﺭﺪﺗ
ﻲﺿﺍﺭﺍ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ
. ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﺎﺳﺮﻓ
ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ
ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﺶﻳﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺖﻓﺭ ﺭﺪﻫ ،
ﻥﺯﺎﺨﻣ ﻥﺪﺷﺮﭘ
،
ﻲﮔﺩﺎﺘﻓﺍ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ
ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺑﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ
ﻪﺑ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ
ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ
ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
)
Bennett
، ۲۰۰۱ ،
Kothyari et al., 2002
؛
Zhang et al., 2005
؛
2010 et
al.,
؛Noor Noor et al., 2011
(.
ﻥﺁ ﻝﺎﺣ ﻪﻛ ﺶﻳﺎﺳﺮﻓ
ﺭ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻚﻳ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺰﻳ
ﻚﭼﻮﻛ ﺕﺍﺭﺫ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻙﺎﺧ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺗﺍﺭﺫ ﻲ ﻨﻏ ﻪﮐ ﻲ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺯﺍ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻳﺍﺬﻏ .
ﺪﺷﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺗﺎﻴﺣ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ
ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺪﻧﺎﺟ ﺕﺎﻴﺣ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻪﮐ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ
ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﮎﺎﺧ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻳﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﺍﺪﺒﻣ
ﻥﺪﺷ ﺮﻴﻘﻓ ﻭ
،ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ
،ﺎﻫ
ﺏﺁ ﻥﺯﺎﺨﻣ ﻪﭼﺎﻳﺭﺩ ،
ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
،ﺏﺁ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ
ﮐ ﻴ ﻔ ﻴ ﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺖ ﻲ
ﺩﺩﺮﮔ . ﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻱ
ﻪﮐ ﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﻳ ﻙﺪﻧﺍ ﺮ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ
ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ۰۱
/ ۰ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﮔ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻱﺬﻐﻣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ
١
ﺏﺁ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺎﻫ
ﺩﺮﮔ ﻳ ﻩﺪ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺍﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻭ -
ﻚﺒﻠﺟ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﻛ )
McDowell et al.,
؛2001 McDowell, 2004
&
Wilcock
؛
et al., 2005
Bowes
؛
2008 Blanco,
&
؛Lal Noor et al., 2010
( . ﺯﺍ
ﺍﻳ ﻃ ﻭﺭ ﻦ ﻲ ﻪﻫﺩ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ
ﻙﺎﺧ ﺶﻳﺎﺳﺮﻓ
ﻪﺑ ﺏﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻌﺒﻨﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﻫ
ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ )
Ide et al., 2008
(.
ﻪﺑ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ
ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺖﻓﺭ ﺭﺪﻫ ﻙﺎﺧ
ﺵﺭﺎﺑ ﻊﻳﺎﻗﻭ ﻲﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻭ
ﺯﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ
ﺶﻳﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻙﺎﺧ
ﻲﻣ ﮔ ﺮﻴ ﺩ . ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻩﺭﺫ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺖﻓﺭ ﺭﺪﻫ ﻞﻜﺷ
٢ﻱﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﻥﺁ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﺳﻮﻧ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ
ﺭﺎﺒﮔﺭ ﻲﻃ
1Eutrophication
2Particulate
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ )
Meyer, 1979
&
Likens
؛
et al., 1999 Hatch
؛
Ramos et al., 2006
؛
Ide et al., 2007
.(
ﻲﻣ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻔﮔ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﻲﻳﺍﺬﻏ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺖﻓﺭ ﺭﺪﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻉﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖ
ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻳ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻩﮋ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳﻮﻛﺍ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﻭ ﺏﺁ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ )
2010 et
al.,
؛ Noor Noor et al., 2011
( . ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺖﻓﺭ ﺭﺪﻫ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺬﻏ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
CREAMS
ﻭ
EPIC
ﻲﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ
)
Yoon et al., 1992
؛
Chung et al.,
(2002
ﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻪﻜﻧﺁ ﻝﺎﺣ ، ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻱ ﺩ ﻳ ﺮﮕ ﻪﻣﺯﻻ
ﺯﺍ ﻉﻼﻃﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ
ﺖﻓﺭﺭﺪﻫ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ
ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺭﺩ ،ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻭ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫﺮﭘ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ
ﺭﺩ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺭﺎﺑ ﻊﻳﺎﻗﻭ ﻲﻃ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻳ ﻦ ﻩﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﻓﺭﺭﺪﻫ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ
ﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ
ﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ ﺮﺑ ﻢﻛﺎﺣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺁ ﺖﻓﺭ ﺭﺪﻫ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ، ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺩﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻓﺭﺭﺪﻫ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ .
ﻞﻤﺣ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻲﺑﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ
(1996) Kronvang
&
Bruhn
ﻭ
Ide et al., (2008)
ﻲﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﻲﺑﺩ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
،ﺏﺁ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻤﺣ
ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ
ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ
. ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
Sharpely et al.,
(1991)
،
Mihara et al., (2005)
،
Zhang et al., (2005)
ﻭ
Noor et al., 2011
ﻲﻳﺍﺬﻏ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺖﻓﺭ ﺭﺪﻫ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ
ﺍﺭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻤﺣ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﺳﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻡﻼﻋﺍ دﺎﻳز
ﺪﻧ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﺑ ﻭ
ﻪﺑ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ
ﺖﻓﺭ ﺭﺪﻫ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﻲﻳﺍﺬﻏ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ .
ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳﻮﮐﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻛﺮﻴﻫ
ﺭﺩ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﯼﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ
ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺷ
ﺯﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﻩﻮﮐ ﻬﻣ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ
ﻤ ﻲ ﮔ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻴ
ﻫﺎ ﻲ ﺑﺁ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻲ
ﺭﻮﺸﮐ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺖﻓﺭﺭﺪﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻭ ﺍﺬﻏ
ﻲﻳ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ
ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ
ﻩﺍﺭ ﺖﻓﺭﺭﺪﻫ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ
ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﺠﻛ ﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺰﻴﺨﺑ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ،ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ
،ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻭ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
٥ ٦ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ٣ ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ، ١٣٩١ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ، ٤٢٣
ﺎﺗ ٤٣٢ ٤٢٥
ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺀﻼﺧ ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺍﺭ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳﻮﻛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ .
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ
ﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﺠﻛ
۵۰ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﺮﻬﺷﻮﻧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻗﺮﺷ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﻜﻫ ﺎﺑ
ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﻭ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ۱۵۰
ﻭ ۲۶۵۰ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺏﺁ
ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺳﺍ
. ﻭ ﺩﺮﺳ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻣﺯ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻚﺸﺧ .
ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ۹۰
ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻖﹼﻠﻌﺗ .
ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻞﮕﻨﺟ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﻊﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
)
et al., 2010
(.Noor
ﻞﻜﺷ ۱ ﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻴ ﺖ
ﻥﺍﺭﺪﻧﺯﺎﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺠﻛ ﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻭ
ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻲ
ﺨﺑﺁ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻴ
ﺍﺭ ﺭﻮﮐﺬﻣ ﺰ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
-
ﺪﻫﺩ .
ﻞﻜﺷ ١
‐ ﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻴ ﺭﻮﺠﻛ ﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺖ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻭ
ﻱ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺪﻧﺯﺎﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ
ﺭﺎﮐ ﺵﻭﺭ
ﻥﻮﭼ ﺭﺍﺩﺮـﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱ
ﻗﺩ ـﻴ ـﺳﺭ ﻖ ﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺏﻮ ﻴ
ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ ﻪـﺠ
ﺍﺬﻏ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻲﻳ
ﻤﻧ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻲ
ﮔ ﻴ ،ﺩﺮ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺭﻮـﺠﻛ ﻪـﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ﺏﺁ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ
ﻊــﻗﺍﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﮔﺪــﻧﺭﺎﺑ
ﻲ ﻲــﻃ ﺰﻴﻳﺎــﭘ ۱۳۸۷ ﺖﻓﺮﻳﺬــﭘ ﺕﺭﻮــﺻ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﻣﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳﺍ ﻞﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ
ﺮﻄﺑ ﻱ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ ۲ ﻱﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻓ ﻞﺻﺍﻮ ﻛﺍﺪـﺣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻚـﻳ ﺮﺜ
ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ) ﻐﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﻴﻴ
ﺮﺟ ﺕﺍﺮ ﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎ ۱۰ ﺎﺗ ۶۰ ﻗﺩ ﻴ ﻪـﻘ ( ﻪـﺑ -
ﺪﻣﺁ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻭ
ﻃ ﻲ ﺍ ﻳ ﺵﺭﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺖﻔﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻦ ۹۵
ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺮﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻳ ﺪﺷ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ﻥﺎ .
ﻢﻫ ،ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ
ﺖﺋﺍﺮﻗ ﻞﺷﺍ ﻭ
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻪﻈﺤﻟ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻲﺑﺩ ﺷ
ﺪ . ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
ﺖـﺑﺎﺛ ﺎـﺑ ﻭ ﺏﺁ ﻪﻴﻠﺨﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻖﹼﻠﻌﻣ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻱﺭﺍﺬـﮔ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ
۴۲۶ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻲﺑﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻭ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻖﻠﻌﻣ
...
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺕﺪﻣ ۴۸ ﻲـﺋﻭﺭ ﺏﺁ ﻪﻴﻠﺨﺗ ﻭ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ )
Walling et
al., 2001
( ﻭ نﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻦﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ً ﺎـﻫ
ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ
ﺪﺷ . ﺑ ﯼﺍﺮ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺭﺎﺑ ﻊﻳﺎﻗﻭ ﻲﻃ ﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺪﻫ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻚﺸـﺧ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻱﺍﻮـﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺲﭙـﺳ ﻭ
ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﺏﺬﺟ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺴﻟﻭﺍ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪـﻧﺍ ﺪـﺷ ﻱﺮـﻴﮔ
)
Noor et al., 2010
( . ﺭﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪـﺑ ﻭ
ﺍ ﻪــﻈﺤﻟ ﺖــﻈﻠﻏ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮــﺑ ﺭﻮــﻈﻨﻣ ﻱ
،ﺮﻔﺴــﻓ ﻦﻴــﺑ ﻁﺎــﺒﺗﺭﺍ
ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ )
ﻖﻠﻌﻣ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﺳﺭ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻲﺑﺩ (
ﻭ
ﻪﺘﺴــﺑﺍﻭ ) ﺮﻔﺴــﻓ ﺖــﻈﻠﻏ (
ﺯﺍ ﻉﺍﻮــﻧﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﯼﺎــﻫ ﻧﻮﻴــﺳﺮﮔﺭ ﯽ
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺷ ﺪ . ﺑ ﺍ ﻪ ﻦﻳ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ۷۵
ﻭ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﺳ
ﻭ ﻲﺑﺩ ﺮﻇﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻖﻠﻌﻣ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺎـﻫ
ﺷ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺪ ۲۰
ﺪـﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺎـﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻂـﺑﺍﻭﺭ
ﺭﺎـﻨﻛ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺬﮔ ﺪﻧﺪﺸﻧ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺖﻟﺎﺧﺩ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
. ﺖـﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ
ﻪـﺑ ﻂـﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﺎـﻨﻴﻤﻃﺍ ﺢﻄـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪـﻣﺁ ﺖـﺳﺩ
۱ ﻭ ۵
ﺐﻳﺮــﺿ ﺎــﺑ ﻂــﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺖــﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮــﻗ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ ﻲــﻨﻌﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴــﺒﻤﻫ ﺏﺎــﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻪــﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺩ
،ﺪﻧﺪــﺷ
ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ
ﻥﺁ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﺢﻄـﺳ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﻭ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻱﺎﻄﺧ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﺒﺴـﻧ ﻱﺎـﻄﺧ ﻝﻮﺒﻗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ۴۰
ﻝﺪـﻣ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ ﻱﺯﺎـﺳ
ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﺪـﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﻲـﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ .
ﺪـﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﺖـﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻮﺒﻗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ۲۰
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ
ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﻲﺒﺴـﻧ ﻱﺎﻄﺧ ﻩﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻚﻤﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺬﮔ
ﺖﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ
)
Das, 2000
؛
Li, 2008
&
؛ Lu et al., 2010
(Noor
.
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻪﺑ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ
ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ٧ ﻪﺑ ﺵﺭﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ
ﻲﻃ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ
ﻲ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ٩٥ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺯﺍ
ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ
ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻭ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ
ﻤﻫ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻥﺁ ﻩﺍﺮ
ﺎﻫ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ
ﺪﺷ . ﻩﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻭ ﺮﺜﮐﺍﺪﺣ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻭ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ،ﻲﺑﺩ
ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺠﻛ ﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ۱
ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ .
ﺟ ﻝﻭﺪ ١
‐ ﺨﺑﺁ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺒﺛ ﻪﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺖﻔﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻭ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﺖﻠﻈﻠﻏ ،ﻲﺑﺩ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﻭ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻴ
ﺭﻮﺠﮐ ﺰ
ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ
ﻲﺑﺩ )
m3/s
(
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ
) (µg/l
ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ) (gr/l
ﻲﺑﺩ )
m3/s
(
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ
) (µg/l
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ) (gr/l
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺵﺭﺎﺑ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ
٧٤ /
٠ ١٨٦٠/٦٤ ١١٠/٠٧ ٠/٢٢ ٢٢/٤ ١/١٨٥ ٢٠ ١٣٨٧/٧/١٩
٦ /
٠ ٥٤٥/٢ ٢٦ ٠/٣٤ ٢٥/٦ ١/٧ ١٧ ١٣٨٧/٨/٦
٥ /
٠ ٥٥٩ ٢٧/٤ ٠/٣ ٤٢/٧ ٤/٣ ١١ ١٣٨٧/٨/١٠
٧ /
١ ١٠٠/٨ ٢ ١/١٣ ٢٥/٠٤ ٨/٨ ١٣ ١٣٨٧/٨/١٨
٥ /
٠ ٥٢/٣ ٣/١ ٠/٣٤ ٤/٦٦ ٠/٢٦ ١٢ ١٣٨٧/٩/١١
٨ /
٢ ١٥٢/٨ ١٤/٨ ١/٧ ٨٢/٠٤ ٨/٥ ١١ ١٣٨٧/٩/١٢
٧٠٣ /
٠ ٦١/١٨ ٤/١٦٢ ٠/٥٩٥ ١٤/٧٢ ١/٨٤٥ ١١ ١٣٨٧/٩/١٣
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻦ ۲
ﻪﺑ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﻣ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﺳﺭ ﻭ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ۷۵
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ
ﻪﺻﻼﺧ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻥﺁ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺎﻫ .
ﻞﻜﺷ ﺰﻴﻧ۲ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺵﺯﺍﺮﺑ
ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻫﺩ
. ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﮐﺫ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻳ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦ
، ﺳﺮﮔﺭ ﻴ ﻥﻮ
ﻐﺘﻣﺪﻨﭼ ﻴ ﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻩﺮ ﺍ
ﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻪﺋ ﻲ
ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻟﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻴ
ﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻥﺁ ﻞ ﻳ
ﺑﺩ ﺮ ﻲ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻭ
ﺭﺩ
ﺘﻧ ﻴ ﻪﺠ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻲ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
،ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻭ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
٥ ٦ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ٣ ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ، ١٣٩١ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ، ٤٢٣
ﺎﺗ ٤٣٢ ٤٢٧
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۲
‐ ﻪﺑ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺭﻮﺠﻛ ﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻭ ﻖﻠﻌﻣ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻱﺎﻄﺧ
ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ
۱ Y=۱۴/۴۴۷X‐۸/۴۷۰۹
۹۶۲ / ۰ ۱
/ ۳۸ ۸
/ ۳
‐ ۱۵۸۱
۲ Y=۱۳/۵۸۱X۰/۹۶۷۳
۹۴۵۳ / ۰ ۸
/ ۲۳ ۵
/ ۴ ۱۲۸۱
۳ Y=۳۸/۶۲۳e۰/۰۴۹۹X
۵۶۲۹ / ۰ ۸
/ ۴۰۱ ۲۸۵
‐ ۶۲۴
۴ Y=۱۵۵/۹۵Ln (X)‐۱۰۹/۰۱
۵۰۰۱ / ۰ ۷
/ ۸۵ ۲۴
/ ۳۹ ۹۳۸۰
۵ ۴۰۳۲
/ ۸
‐ ۵۳۴X / ۱۴
۲+ ۰۰۰۱X / ۰
= ۹۶۲ Y
/ ۰ ۹
/ ۴۳ ۰۵
/ ۱۳ ۱۵۹۷
۶ ۴۲۶
/ ۶ + ۵۵X / ۱۰
۲+ ۱۳۶۸X / ۰
۳+ ۰۰۱x / ۰
‐
= ۹۶۵۵ Y
/ ۰ ۲۶
۰۶۷
/ ۱۰ ۵
/ ۱۱۸۳
ﻥﺎﻨﭼ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﭼ )
۲ ( ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ
ﻪﺑ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻭ ﻖﻠﻌﻣ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﺳﺭ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻭ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻪﻠﻤﺟﺪﻨﭼ
ﯼﺍ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ۳ ﻭ
ﻲﻤﺘﻳﺭﺎﮕﻟ ﺖﺳﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ۹۶ / ۰ ﻭ ۵۰ / ۰ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻝﺎﺣ ۱
ﻭ ۳ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻔ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
ﻲﺋﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻢﻛ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺖﻟﻻﺩ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺪﻧ . ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ۴
ﺶﻴﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺍﺬﻟ ﺪﻨﻛ
ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ
.
ﻪﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ،ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﻱﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﻲﺗﺍﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺮﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻄﺧ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ
ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺖﻟﻻﺩ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ،ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﻱﺎﻄﺧ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ۱،۲
ﻭ ۶ ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ
ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ۳،۴ ﻭ ۵ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ ،ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻪﺑ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻱﺎﻄﺧ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ
ﻲﻤﻧ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﺍﺬﻟ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
ﻥﺁ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻤﻧ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ
. ﻞﻜﺷ ﺭﺩ ۳
ﻭ ﻲﻨﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ
ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻭﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻭ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻱﺍ
ﻭ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﯼﺍ ﻪﻠﻤﺟﺪﻨﭼ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ
۳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ .
ﻪﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ
ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻛﺫ ۱
ﻭ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ
ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﻱﺎﻄﺧ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻢﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﻲﻳﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻠﮕﻨﺟ ﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﻢﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﺍﺬﻟ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ
. ﺭﺩ ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ۲۰
ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺬﮔ ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ
ﻥﺁ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻱﺎﻄﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺩﺭﻮ )
ﻞﻜﺷ ۳ .(
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻱﺎﻄﺧ
ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ۲
ﻭ ۶ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ۲۶
ﻭ ۳۰ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻪﺑ ﻢﻛ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ
ﻱﺎﻄﺧ ﺯﺎﺠﻣ ﺪ
ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻱ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
۴۲۸ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻲﺑﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻭ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻖﻠﻌﻣ
...
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0 20 40 60 80 100 120
ﻞﻜﺷ ٢
‐ ﺑﻮﺳﺭ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭ ﺵﺯﺍﺮﺑ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻭ ﻖﻠﻌﻣ ﺕﺎ
0 400 800 1200 1600
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0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500
ﻞﻜﺷ ٣
‐ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻲﺗﺍﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ )
١ ﻭ ٢ ( ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﻭ ) ٣ ﻭ ٤ (
ﺖﻈﻠﻏﺮﻔﺴﻓ) ﻭﺮﻜﻴﻣﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﮔ(
ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ )
ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﮔ (
۱ ۲
ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻱﺍ)ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﮔﻭﺮﻜﻴﻣ( ۳ ۴
۱ ۲
ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ )
ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﮔ (
،ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻭ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
٥ ٦ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ٣ ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ، ١٣٩١ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ، ٤٢٣
ﺎﺗ ٤٣٢ ٤٢٩
ﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻴ
ﻪﺠ ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ
ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻞ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻖﻠﻌﻣ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ۶۲
/ ۲ ﮐ ﻴ ﻡﺮﮔﻮﻠ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ
ﺮﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻤﺣ ﻭ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺶﻳﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﮔﺭ ،ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﻳ
ﺑ ﺮﺜﮐﺍﺪﺣ ﻭ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﺎ ۳۲۱
/ ۰ ﻭ ۷۰۷ / ۶ ﮐ ﻴ ﻡﺮﮔﻮﻠ ﻪﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
ﻱﺎﻫﺯﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ۱۳
/ ۹ / ۱۳۸۷ ﻭ ۱۹ / ۷ / ۱۳۸۷ ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺯﺍ
ﺪﺷ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﺭﺩ .
ﺯﻭﺭ ۱۹ / ۷ / ۱۳۸۷ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻪﻧ ﻲﺑﺩ ﻢﻏﺭ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﭼ
ﻻﺎﺑ ) ﺝﻭﺍ ۷۴ / ۰ ﻪﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﺮﺑ ﺐﻌﻜﻣﺮﺘﻣ (
ﻪﺑ ﻟﺩ ﻴ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻞ
ﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﻳ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻭ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﮎﺎﺧ ﺶ ﻱ
ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻭﺪ
٣٦ ﺖﻓﺭ ﺭﺪﻫ ﻞﮐ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﻃ ﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﻓﺍ .
ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
McDowell et al., (2001)
ﻭ
Ramos et al., (2006)
ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﻔﻨﻣ ﻊﻳﺎﻗﻭ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ
ﺖﻓﺭ ﺭﺪﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ
ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺬﻏ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ .
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ
، ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻭ
ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
٦٢ / ٩
، ١٥ ﻭ ۵ / ۱۱ ﻣ ﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﮔ ﻳ
ﮏ
ﮐ ﻴ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﻡﺮﮔﻮﻠ ﻪﺑ
ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ
ﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻳﺎﻗﻭ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﺳﺮﻓ
ﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﺑﺩ
ﻻﺎﺑ ) ١٨ / ٨ / ١٣٨٧ ﻭ ١٢ / ٩ / ١٣٨٧ ( ﻦﻳﺍ
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ .
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻲﺑﺩ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ
ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﺷﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻞﻤﺣ ﻭ ﺶﻳﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺮﺗ
ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺍ ﻱ ﻪﮐ ﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻞﻤﺣ ﻭ ﺶﻨﻛ ﻱﺍﻮﺘﺤ
ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ
ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺶﻳﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ
. ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻳ ﻦ ﻲﺑﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ
ﻢﻛ ﻱﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﺳﺭ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﺷﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺫ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ
، ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻥﺪﻣﺁ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ
ﻞﻤﺣ
ﻲﻣ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﺳﺭ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ
.
Albert et al.,
(1981)
؛
Zhang et al., (2005)
؛
Mihara et al., (2005)
ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺩ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺍﺭﺫ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻲﻨﻏ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﺖﺷﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻤﺣ ﺕﺍﺭﺫ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺮﺗ ﺍﺭ
ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ
ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ .
ﻝﺪﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ،ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ
٢ ) ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺗ ( ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺎﺑ
ﻭ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﻱﺎﻄﺧ ،ﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻢﻛ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ
ﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ
ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺖﻓﺭ ﺭﺪﻫ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺭﻮﺠﻛ ﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻖﻠﻌﻣ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻲﻣ
ﻭ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ
Young et al., (1986)
؛
Sharpely et
al., (1991)
؛
Mihara et al., (2005)
ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺒﻣ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﻏ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻭ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ
ﻲﻳﺍﺬ ﻢﻫ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺧ
ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻄﺧ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻱﺮﺗﺮﺑ
ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
Zhang et al., (2005)
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ .
ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ٢
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ
١٢٨١
ﻲﺗﺍﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ، ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺭﺪﻫ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ
ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ١
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﮐ
ﺩ .
ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻦﻴﺑ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺑﺩ ﺏﺁ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩ
،ﺩﻮﺒﻧ
ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻃ ﺍﺬﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﺑﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ
ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﻥﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻤﺣ
ﺕﺎﺑﻮﺳﺭ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ،
ﯽﻠﺒﻗ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ
Prairie &
Kalff, (1988)
ﻭ
Kalff
ﻭ
Ide et al., (2008)
ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ
ﺎﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻲﺑﺩ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ
ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ .
Hatch et al (1999)
ﻭ
Ide et al., (2008)
ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ –
ﻲﺑﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺍﺭ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ
ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻲ
ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻡﻼﻋﺍ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﺍ
. ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺑﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻲ
ﺏﺁ ﻥﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﮕﻧ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﻣ ﻮﺷ ﺩ . ﻥﺎﻨﭼ ﺭﺩ ﻪﭼ
ﻞﻜﺷ ٤ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻲﺑﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻚﻳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ
ﻣﺮﺘﻣ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﺮﺑ ﺐﻌﻜ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺕﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻭ
ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻛﺍﺮﭘ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ
ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻭ ﻱﺩﻮﻤﻋ
ﺖﻟﻻﺩ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺮﺑﺍ ﺮﺑ
ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻐﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﺯﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ
ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ﻲﺑﺩ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ . ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺪﻘﻣ
ﺍ ﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻭ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ،ﻲﺑﺩ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻢﻛ ﻱﺮﺗ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ .
ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺗﺎﻧ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﻟﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﺑﺩ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺖﻓﺭ ﺭﺪﻫ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﺭﺩ
ﺎﻬﻧ ﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺖ ﻲﺑﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ١
ﺮﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻌﻜﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﻪﻴﻧﺎﺛ
ﻞﻤﺣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ،ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﺷﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻞﻤﺣ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺁ
ﻥﺪﺷ ﻖﻴﻗﺭ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺏ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻟﺁ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻥﺪﻣﺁ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ .
ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻲﻟﺁ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﺖﻓﺭ ﺭﺪﻫ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻲﺑﺩ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ
.
۴۳۰ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻲﺑﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻭ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻖﻠﻌﻣ
...
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
0 1 2 3
(ﻪﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﺮﺑ ﺐﻌﻜﻣﺮﺘﻣ) ﻲﺑد
(ﺮﺘﻴﻟرد مﺮﮔوﺮﻜﻴﻣ) ﺮﻔﺴﻓ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﯽﻃ ﺭﻮﺠﻛ ﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻲﺑﺩ ﻭ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ‐٤ ﻞﻜﺷ
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ
ﻲﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﻪﮐ ﺩﺮﮐ ﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳﺍ
ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ،ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻖﻠﻌﻣ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﺳﺭ ﻔﺴﻓ
ﺮ
ﻲﻣ ﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻪﺑ ﻦﻤﺿ ًﻊﺒﻃ
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺐﻗﺍﻮﻋ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻲﺘﺣ ﻭ ﻱﺍ
ﻳﺎﺷﻮﺧﺎﻧ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺪﻨ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺍ
ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ .
ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺖﻓﺭ ﺭﺪﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺶﻳﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ
ﺭﺩ
ﺩ ﺭﻮﺠﻛ ﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍ
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺍﻳ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻦ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
ﺖﺷﺭﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﺫ ﻞﻤﺣ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻲﺑﺩ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻲﺑﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻖﻴﻗﺭ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺩﺩﺮﮔ . ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﻖﻠﻌﻣ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﺳﺭ
ﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﮔ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﻓﺭ ﺭﺪﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺒﺳ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻟﻮﻬﺳ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﻓﺭﺭﺪﻫ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ
ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .
ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ
ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳﻮﻛﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻦﺷﻭﺭ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺶﻳﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﺎﺗ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ
.
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ
ﻪﺑ ﻮﺧ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ،ﺏﺁ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺶﻳﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻭ ﺏﺁ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .
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Journal of Range and Watershed Management, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, Vol. 65, No. 3, 2012, pp 423-432 432
Ability of Flow Discharge and Suspended Sediment Concentration for Prediction of Phosphorus Concentration
(Case Study: Kojour Watershed)
H. Noor*1, S. Kh. Mirnia2 and M.S. Zarif Moazam3
1Ph. D. Student, Tarbiat Modarres University, Noor, I.R. Iran
1 Associate Prof., Tarbiat Modarres University, Noor, I.R. Iran
2 MSc Gradute, Tarbiat Modarres University, Noor, I.R. Iran
(Received: 2009/May/13, Accepted:2012/May/19)
Abstract
Some contaminants associate with soil particles and, thus, their transport and fate in the environment is determined by the soil erosion processes. Eutrophication, low oxygen levels and high nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) concentrations in reservoirs, canals and other water courses, is a common water pollution feature. Phosphorus (P) is one of the major plant nutrients and also the major nutrients controlling eutrophication of surface water. P load pulsed by heavy rainfall may damage the ecological quality of downstream. The present study was conducted in Kojour Watershed located in Mazandaran province.The results showed that P loss varied from 0.26 gr lit-1 to 1860.64 gr lit-1. It also proved that P concentration could not estimated by flow discharge, while sediment concentration can estimate loss of P with determination coefficient and estimation error of 94% and 23%, respectively. The results could facilitate the application of given methods obtained in the present study to other ungauged watersheds with similar conditions and leading to the suitable soil and water management and planning.
Keywords: Soil erosion , Nutrient loss, P concentration, Regression model, Kojour Watershed
*Corresponding author: Tel: +98 916 3074765 Fax: +98 122 6253499 E-mail: [email protected]
