ﺷﻤﺎرة - پژوهش‌های علوم تاریخی

Comparing the Convergence of Ruler Traits from Aboutaleb Fenderski's Perspective with The Competencies of the Ideal King from. The main subject of Abu Talib Fenderski's book, Tohfat ol-Alam, is to describe the characteristics of King Sultan Hussein and the events of the first two years of his rule. One of the aspects of the analysis of this work that seems to be able to help understand the genealogy of its content is the comparison of the 14 characteristics attributed to Shah Sultan Hussein in Tohfat ol-Alam with the merits of the desired Iranian ruler in Wolfgang Knauth's book The Ideal King of Ancient Iran.

Using a library method in collecting data and a descriptive-analytical and comparative method in its processing, this article attempts to answer the question of what similarities Fenderski called for his praiseworthy ruler (Shah Sultan Hussein) with the merits of an ideal king . in the book of Knauth. The findings of this study show that among the fourteen traits, competencies such as justice, courage and combat skills, generosity, beauty of face and fitness of body, tolerance and self-control, wisdom and knowledge are emphasized in both books under similar titles. Some attributes such as religiosity, goodwill and happiness, good morals and eloquence are not given a specific title in Knauth's book, but other statements have been made about them that correspond relatively to the attributes mentioned.

The last category of qualities, such as mercy, avoidance of haste, chastity, and infallibility, is simple biology, which Knauth has occasionally made short work of. Keywords: The ideal king, Integration, Tohfat ol-Alam, Fenderski, The ideal king in ancient Iran, Knauth.

ﻢﻫ ﮥﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣﺮﮔ

رد اوﺮﻧﺎﻣﺮﻓ تﺎﻔﺻ ﯽﯾا

ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﺔﻔﺤﺗ يرﺎﯾﺮﻬﺷ نﺎﻣرآ و

نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ناﺮﯾا

Legal Claims and Lawsuits of the People of Tehran in the Early Years of the Constitutional Period A Case Study: Legal Claims. The legal disputes of the society during the constitutional period, including legal and criminal trials, represent events that took place in the social, administrative and political context of Iran. This analytical-descriptive study seeks to explore legal proceedings and legal claims among the sources, especially the legal documents remaining from the people of Tehran during the constitutional period. Property and financial disputes, inheritance and endowment are mentioned in the court cases of that period. The results prove that economic issues were the most problematic for the people.

The young constitutional regime experienced increasing financial crises from the start. One of the many reasons for this was the inappropriate actions of the former Qajar government, which faced economic problems. The value of the Iranian currency fell seriously compared to the other credible foreign currencies. Moreover, despite severe monetary fluctuations, the country's existing liquidity could not meet the country's domestic needs. This situation affected people and led to many financial lawsuits and legal claims. Moreover, despite severe monetary fluctuations, the country's existing liquidity could not meet the country's domestic needs.

یخیرتا مولع یاهشهوپژ

م یواعد

یلا

Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi is one of the most famous Iranian scholars, who with his unique style has managed to create many works in the field of historical studies. But in the content of his various works, you can find - explicitly or implicitly - things that stem from his theoretical reflections and from the foundations of his historical thought. According to him, what are the existential components of history and what is their role in historical studies.

In his ontology, the three elements of time, place and actors are the basic structures that create the formation of history. The nature of these elements and their correlation in the genesis of historical events are the main axes on which this research focuses. The findings of the current research, which is based on a descriptive-analytical method, show that – in the thinking of Bastani Parizi – although space can act as a factor for the identification and determination of actors, and can form the basis for their success and failure, ignoring the element of time can push back the action of actors and its geographical context, from the historical arena to the mythical realm.

مﻮ�ﻋ یﺎﮫ��و�

Matthee, Rudi,"Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi: Historian of Iran", Perspectives on History, The Newsmagazine of The American Historical Association, Vol.53, Issue 4,36,2015. The area of Hayat Davoud and the role of its owners during political and economic events on the north side of the. The adventurous history of the area is rooted in the beginning of the Safavid dynasty when a group of migrants called Lors [Hayat Gheybi] lived there and comes to an end with the fall of the Pahlavi.

The newcomers assigned their ancestors' title to the area; Hayat Davoud. Considering the importance of this district along the Persian Gulf and its islands and also its political events during the time limit of this study, the research aims to describe the geographical history of the area, the owners of Hayat Davoud and their ruling history examine and finally that governor's roles in political and economic ups and downs of the area which can be considered as the main objective of the study. This historical research is done on a descriptive-analytical method and the historical documents, library resources and oral history were applied as material of the study. The expansion of the transport routes and a sea route is the most important comparative advantage for the economic and political stability of a country and reduces dependence on neighboring countries.

This paper seeks to answer this question based on the theory of dependent development and the model of the central-periphery world economic system. The premise of this paper is that the growth of the agricultural economy of Iran, especially the northern provinces in the last decades of the Qajar period was influenced by the economic development of the semi-peripheral country of Russia. The government expanded its policy of building roads in the south and west of the country with the aim of accessing the Persian Gulf and Mediterranean ports.

The construction of the Tabriz-Ruwanduz road to the Mediterranean Sea could end Russia's economic dominance in Iran's northern and western provinces. Idris Bitlisi was one of the Aq Quyunlu Bureaucrats who took refuge in the Ottoman Empire and in the court of Sultan Bayazit II after the Safavid rule came to power. He held important government functions in the Ottoman Empire and left literary, historical, religious and even medical books.

One of the last ecclesiastical works was "Qanoon-e-Shahanshahi" on the ethics and customs of the Sultan, which he wrote for Sultan Selim. 34;Qanoon-e-Shahanshahi" presented the requirements and functions of the state institution in Iran in the form of God's gift and drew a favorable model of the Persian kings of justice and religion to the Ottoman Sultan. The purpose of this article is to analyze the political thought of Idris Bitlisi and the influence of the tradition of writing Andarznameh focusing on the Iranian model of government on "Qanoon-e- Shahanshahi".

Therefore, this article is organized with an analytical approach and using the method of content analysis, based on these questions, from which ideas and sources Idris Bitlisi was influenced and how he proposed the model of the Iranian government in "Qanoon-e-Shahanshahi". The findings show that Bitlisi composed "Qanoon-e-Shahanshahi" in the context of works of political ethics, but in terms of content and political thought using the Andarznameh of predecessors such as Siasatnameh and Nasihat-al-Muluk and adapting the thought Their political extension expanded the tradition writing Andarznameh on the axis of the Iranian government model in the Ottoman Empire.

رد ﯽﻧاﺮﯾا يراﺪﮑﻠﻣ يﻮﮕﻟا بﺎﺗزﺎﺑ

Comparison of the convergence of the characteristics of rulers from the perspective of Aboutaleb Fenderski with the competencies of the ideal king by Wolfgang Knauth / Yaqub Tabesh. Legal Claims and Lawsuits of the People of Tehran in the Early Years of the Constitutional Period A Case Study: Legal Claims / Hassan Zandieyh and Hamideh Shahidi. The territory of Hayat Davoud and the role of its landlords during political and economic events on the northern side of the Persian Gulf in the Qajar and Pahlavi era Hossein Abdollahpor and Habibollah Saeedinia.