ﺗ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ يا
و ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ،رﺎﺸﻓ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧزﺎﺷ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ هزﻮﺣ رد ﺦﺳﺎﭘ
يوﺎﺑﺰﺣ ﺐﻨﯾز
، 1
ﯽﻗدﺎﺻ ﺎﺿرﺪﯿﻤﺣ ﺪﯿﺳ
،2
،*
ﯽﻠﻌﻣﻼﻏ يﺪﻬﻣ دﺮﻓ
3
-1 ﺶﻧاد ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ و مﻮﻠﻋ يﺮﺘﮐد ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣآ
،سرﺪﻣ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،يرادﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ هوﺮﮔ ،يرادﺰﯿﺨﺑآ [email protected]
و2 -*
:لوﻮﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ هوﺮﮔ ،دﺎﺘﺳا
ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،يرادﺰﯿﺨﺑآ سرﺪﻣ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،
- 3 ،سرﺪﻣ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ﺖﺴﯾز ﻂﯿﺤﻣ هوﺮﮔ ،رﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا [email protected]
هﺪﯿﮑﭼ
ﻪﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ
ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻢﮐﺎﺣ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ يﺎﻫ هزﻮﺣ
ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ يﺰﯾر ﻦﯿﻤﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ لﺪﻣ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ،رﻮﻈﻨﻣ رﺎﺸﻓ يﺎﻫ
- ﺖﻟﺎﺣ -
ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ) لﺎﺳ رﺎﻬﭼ رد يﺰﮐﺮﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا رد ﻊﻗاو ﺪﻧزﺎﺷ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ هزﻮﺣ رد (PSR
،1365 ،1377 و1387 ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا درﻮﻣ1393
ﻘﻧ و تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ،رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺑ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺸ
ﺎﺑ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ياﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﯿﻌﻣ و ﻪﯿﻬﺗ زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ
جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﯽﺳﺮﺘﺳد ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ و ﺖﯾدﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و
رﺎﺸﻓ يﺎﻫ ، ﺖﻟﺎﺣ
، ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ) ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و ( CHI
ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ
ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ
ﺰﯿﺨﺑآﺮﯾز و ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺎﻫ
هﺪﺷ ﯽﻣﻮﺑ لﺪﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ وPSR
هﺪﺷ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ لﺎﺳ رد
ﯽﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻖﯿﻔﻠﺗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻫ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺶﻘﻧ و ﯽﻧﺎﻣز يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺮﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ لﺪﻣ ﯽﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ زا ﮏﯾ ﺮﻫ ﯽﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ يﺎﻫ
ﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ سﺎﯿﻘﻣ رد ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﺮﺑ ﯽ ﯽﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﻦﯾا دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ .ﺖﺷاد ﺪﯿﮐﺄﺗ ﯽﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧزﺎﺷ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ
لﺪﻣ سﺎﺳا ﻢﻟﺎﺳﺎﻧ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧPSR
) /33 0
CHI<
( لﺎﺳ رد نآ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ و .ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺒﻧ نﺎﺴﮑﯾ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻢﻫ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﺎﺑ
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﯽﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ لﺎﺳ رﺎﻬﭼ رد ﺖﻟﺎﺣ و رﺎﺸﻓ يﺎﻫ يراد
) /41 0
>
(P
ﺪﻨﺘﺷاﺪﻧ
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻣا يراد
) /004 0
<
( P
ﺘﺷاد ﺖﺳا ﻪ . ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
هزﻮﺣ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ،ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ يﺎﻫ
هزﻮﺣ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ و راﺪﯾﺎﭘ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ و ﻦﮕﻤﻫ يﺎﻫ
.دراد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ﺖﯿﻌﻄﻗ ﺎﺑ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ
:يﺪﯿﻠﮐ نﺎﮔژاو ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ
،ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ﺶﯾﺎﭘ ، ﺖﻣﻼﺳ مﻮﺑ نﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ، لﺪﻣ ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ وﺮﯿﻧ ، ﻪﮐﺮﺤﻣ ي
- 1 ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘﺳد مﻮﺑ
نﺎﮔزﺎﺳ مﻮﺑ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﺎﯾ ﺎﻫدﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ،تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ،1
وﺮﮔ رد نﺎﺴﻧا هﺎﻓر ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
ﺢﯿﺤﺻ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ مﻮﺑ
نﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﺖﺳﺎﻫ ) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و Wang ( 2018
مﻮﺑ ﺖﯿﻨﻣا ًﺎﺘﻌﯿﺒﻃ و ﻪﺑ ار ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
سﺎﺳا ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﺮﺑ .دراد لﺎﺒﻧد
را ز ناﻮﺗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾ ﯽﻣ نآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﺑ طﻮﻨﻣ ﻊﻗﻮﺘﻣ يﺎﻫدﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﯿﻣﺎﺗ يﺎﺘﺳار رد ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ ﮏﯾ يﺪﻨﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و Jat
) ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ،(2008 ﻼﻄﺻا ﮏﯾ2
ﯽﺑآ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ و هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ح مﻮﺑ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ،
ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ ،ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
يژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣﻮﺋژ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ،ﯽﻣﻮﺑ نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ ،يرﻮﻧﺎﺟ و ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﮔﺪﻧرﺎﺑ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ،
- ﯽﺑآ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ،بﺎﻧاور
1 Ecosystem Services
2 Watershed Health
ﺖﺳا و ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺐﺴﺣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا حﺮﻃ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺒﻣ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ياﺮﺑ . ﯽﻣ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ دﺮﮑﯾور
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ) Ding
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و
؛2008 ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ وYu
؛2013 ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ وMao
؛ 2014 ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ وWang
؛ 2015 Sadeghi ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و
؛ 2018
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ وWang (.2018
لﺪﻣ ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ رﺎﺸﻓ - ﺖﻟﺎﺣ - ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ) (PSR ﻪﺑ 1
ناﻮﻨﻋ رﻮﺑﺰﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺒﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ رد
لﺎﺳ ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ وﺮﯿﭘ1993
نﺎﮔﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ
،ﺪﻨﻠﻫ ژوﺮﻧ و تﻻﺎﯾا ﺮﯾﺎﺳ و ﺎﮑﯾﺮﻣا هﺪﺤﺘﻣ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ و يرﺎﮑﻤﻫ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻮﻀﻋ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ
)2
رد (OECD
دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ صﻮﺼﺧ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ
.ﺪﺷ حﺮﻄﻣ ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ ﺖﺴﯾز ﻦﯾا
بﻮﭼرﺎﭼ ﺮﺑ سﺎﺳا مﻮﻬﻔﻣ
3ﺖﯿﻠﻋ ﻪﯾارا هﺪﺷ .ﺖﺳا ﺑ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮ و ﯽﻠﺧاد
ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﯽﺟرﺎﺧ هزﻮﺣ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺎﺑ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ يﺎﻫ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ
لﺪﻣ رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا رﺮﺑ و ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ هزﻮﺣ سﺎﯿﻘﻣ رد ﯽﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫدﺮﮑﯾور ﯽﺳ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ يﺎﻫ
ﻢﮐ ﻦﯾا زا .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ ﺮﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ مﺎﺠﻧا تروﺮﺿ ور
ﻪﻤﻫ و هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ يﺎﻫ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد ًﺎﺤﯿﺟﺮﺗ و صﻮﺼﺧ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﯿﮐﺄﺗ و ﺪﯿﯾﺄﺗ ار ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ .ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧ
- 2 شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
- ﯽﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ
ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧزﺎﺷ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ هزﻮﺣ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﯽﻠﺻا فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ،ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠﯿﮐ 1740
ﻪﺿﻮﺣﺮﯾز ﮏﻤﻧ ﻪﭼﺎﯾرد يﺎﻫ ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ . ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗ ﻪﺿﻮﺣﺮﯾز24
هﺪﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ ﺖﺳا
ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو زا ﯽﯾﺎﻤﻧ .
ﻞﮑﺷ رد ﺪﻧزﺎﺷ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ هزﻮﺣ )
( 1 .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هداد ﺶﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﻧ
) ﻞﮑﺷ ﺪﻧزﺎﺷ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ زا ﯽﯾﺎﻤﻧ (1
- ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ لﺪﻣ ﺖﺴﺑرﺎﮐ ردPSR
ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا
ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ لﺪﻣ زا ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ فاﺪﻫا يﺎﺘﺳار رد لﺎﺳ رﺎﻬﭼ رد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ياﺮﺑPSR
،1365
،1377 و1387 ﻪﺑ 1393 .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺮﯾز حﺮﺷ ﯽﻣﻮﺑ ياﺮﺑ
لﺪﻣ يزﺎﺳ
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ رﺎﺸﻓ
- ﺖﻟﺎﺣ - ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ) (PSR رد
ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ لﺪﻣ يرﺎﺘﻓر ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ دﺎﻌﺑا ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﻨﯿﺸﯿﭘ و تﺎﯿﺑدا ﻪﺑ يروﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ اﺪﺘﺑا ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد
ﺐﻟﺎﻗ
1 Pressure-State-Response (PSR)
2 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
3 Causality
ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ فاﺪﻫا دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﯽﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا رد ﺮﺛﺆﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﯽﺳﺮﺘﺳد ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ و ﺖﯾ
يﺎﻫرﺎﯿﻌﻣ ياﺮﺑ لﺪﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻢﮐﺎﺣ ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺮﺑ ﻢﮐﺎﺣ يﻮﮕﻟا و ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺰﯿﻧ و تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﺑ ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ .ﺪﺷ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﯽﺗﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ و يﺮﻈﻧ ترﻮﺻ
لﺪﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ياﺮﺑ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا رد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ،PSR
ﻣ ،ﺪﻧزﺎﺷ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﯿﻌ
نآ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ و رﺎﺸﻓ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ) ﺦﺳﺎﭘ و ﺖﻟﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و Ding
؛2008 وYu
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ؛2013
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ وMao ؛2014
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ وWang اﺮﻗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا درﻮﻣ و بﺎﺨﺘﻧا (2018
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ر
ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻫ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ زا ﺞﺘﻨﻣ
ﻖﯿﻔﻠﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺗﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﯾﻻ
ﺎﻗ رد ﯽﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا يﺎﻫ لﺪﻣ ﺐﻟ
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا يﺎﻫ
ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ .ﺖﻓﺮﯾﺬﭘ ترﻮﺻ
- ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز و ﯽﻧﺎﮑﻣ يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ
ﻪﺑ يرﺎﻣآ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز و ﯽﻧﺎﮑﻣ يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و
ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ لﺪﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺪﻧزﺎﺷ
،PSR هداد ﯽﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﮏﻧﺎﺑ اﺪﺘﺑا ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ
Excel 2016 مﺮﻧ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ زا ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﺷ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ
راﺰﻓا IBM SPSS Statistics 25
ﻦﯾﺪﺑ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يرﺎﻣآ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ عﻮﻧ ﺮﻫ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﻞﺒﻗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ
هداد ندﻮﺑ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ،يا نﻮﻣزآ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﺎﻫ
Shapiro-Wilk
هداد ﯽﻨﮕﻤﻫ و ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﺎﻫ
نﻮﻣزآ Levene ﻪﺑ .ﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ هداد ندﻮﺑ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺒﺳ
ﯽﻠﻋ ،ﺎﻫ ﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻢﻏر شور زا هد ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ لواﺪﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ
هداد ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ شور زا ، K Independent Sample
ﻪﺑ و نﻮﻣزآ زا ﺺﺨﺸﻣ رﻮﻃ Kruskal Wallis
فﻼﺘﺧا مﺎﻤﺗ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
) ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا Hazbavi
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﮐﻮﻫﺎﭼ عراز ؛2018
ﯽﺑ و ،ﺎﺘﻤﻫ .(1394
- 3 ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يرﺎﻣآ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ و ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ،ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ،رﺎﺸﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ
ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ لﺪﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ ردPSR
) ( 2 لوﺪﺟ و ) ( 1 .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا ﻪﺑ
ﻠﮐ رﻮﻃ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﯽ ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫ
هﺪﻣآ ﻞﻤﻋ رد ، لﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ ،1365
و1377 ﻪﺑ 1387 ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ،45 و42 رد ﺎﻣا .ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ رﺎﺸﻓ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ظﺎﺤﻟ زا ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو رد ﺪﻧزﺎﺷ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺪﺻرد46
) ﺮﺧآ لﺎﺳ ﺖﺳد رﺎﺸﻓ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ (1393
و هﺪﺷ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ شﻮﺧ ﻂﻘﻓ و ﻢﻟﺎﺳﺎﻧ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﻪﺑ نآ ﺪﺻرد36
ﺪﺻرد26
ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ هداد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﻪﺑ نآ ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻗدﺎﺻ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
و ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ رد ﯽﺸﯾاﺰﻓا ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ ﺪﻧور ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺒﻣ (1396
ﻪﺑ هرود رد هﮋﯾو ﻪﺑ ﯽﻬﺘﻨﻣ يﺎﻫ
لﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ و1377 .دراد ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ1393
ﻢﻫ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ وWang
بﺮﻏ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﯿﺑ (2015
ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﭼ ﺎﯿﺳاروا يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺪﻨﺑﺮﻤﮐ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻧا و ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ظﺎﺤﻟ زا و ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ1
ﯽﻣ ﯽﻨﻏ يژﺮ يﺎﻫرﺎﺸﻓ ظﺎﺤﻟ زا ﺎﻣا ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
مﻮﺑ و ﯽﺘﺴﯾز ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ا راﺪﯾﺎﭘ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﮐ هﺪﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا هﺪﻨﻨﮑﺷ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
ﯽﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺮﻈﻧ ز .دﻮﺷ
ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺪﻧزﺎﺷ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ رد
نﺎﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﯽﻃ نآ تﺎﺒﺛ مﺪﻋ ﺮﮔ لﺎﺳ
يﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﻮﺤﻧ
ﯽﻃ ﻪﮐ
لﺎﺳ لوا ﺶﺨﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ًﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ و ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ياراد ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺪﺻرد42 .ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﯽﺑﺮﻏ لﺎﻤﺷ زا ﯽﺘﻤﺴﻗ و يﺰﮐﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻃ لﺎﺳ ) ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﺰﯿﻧ مود ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآﺮﯾز يﺮﯿﮔراﺮﻗ ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻪﮐ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ ،هدﺮﮐ لﺎﻐﺷا ار (ﺪﺻرد46
رد .ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺒﻧ لﺎﺳ
ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﻦﯾا ،1387 ﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ راﺪﻘﻣ
دوﺪﺣ ﯽﻬﺟ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ ناﺰﯿﻣ زا و دﺮﮐ اﺪﯿﭘ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺪﺻرد 73
ﺖﯿﻌﺿو رد ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺳﺎﮐ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ظﺎﺤﻟ زا ﺎﻫ لﺎﺳ
ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآﺮﯾز ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ هﻮﺤﻧ1393 ﻪﮐ دﺮﮐ اﺪﯿﭘ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ يﻮﺤﻧ
و44
ﻪﺑ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺪﺻرد42 .ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ و ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ود رد ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ
ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ياراد ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﻌﺳو زا ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ و
يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآﺮﯾز ﻞﻣﺎﺷ و دوﺪﺤﻣ ﯽﻠﯿﺧ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ظﺎﺤﻟ و15
ﺖﯿﻌﺿو زا رﺬﮔ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ رد ﺰﯿﻧ نﺎﻣز ﯽﻃ ﻪﮐ هدﻮﺑ16 ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
هدﺮﮐ اﺪﯿﭘ ﺖﻓا ﯽﺘﺣ و هدﻮﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻦﯿﭼ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ طﺎﻘﻧ رد ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﻧﺎﮑﻣ يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ .ﺪﻧا
) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ وDing ،(2008
) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ وYu ،(2013
) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ وMao و (2014
) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ وWang ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ (2015
لوﺪﺟ) ( .1
1Eurasian Economic Belt
رد صﻮﺼﺧ ﻢﯿﺧو ﺪﻧزﺎﺷ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ زا ﺮﺗ
ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ لﺪﻣ رد ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا يﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ PSR
هﮋﯾو
رد لﺎﺳ ﯽﻨﻌﯾ مﻮﺳ رد .ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ1387
لﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ لوا يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآﺮﯾز ﺰﺟ ،4
،5 ،9 ،11 و12 ﯾز ﺮﯾﺎﺳ 14 ﺖﯿﻌﺿو رد ﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآﺮ
) ﻢﻟﺎﺳﺎﻧ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ) ﻢﻟﺎﺳﺎﻧ و (ﺪﺻرد 54
رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻦﯾا .ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ رﻮﺑﺰﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ظﺎﺤﻟ زا (ﺪﺻرد27 لﺎﺳ
ﻪﺑ مود
راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ و هﺪﺷ هدوﺰﻓا ﻢﻟﺎﺳﺎﻧ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ رد .ﺖﺳا هﺪﯿﺳر ﺪﺻرد45
لﺎﺳ مﻮﺳ راﺮﻗ ﻢﻟﺎﺳﺎﻧ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو رد ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺪﺻرد88
رد و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ لﺎﺳ
ﯿﺨﺑآ1393 ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ و هدراو يﺎﻫرﺎﺸﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ و هدﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ ار دﻮﺧ ﻪﺘﺴﻧاﻮﺗ ﺰ
ﺪﻫﺪﺑ ﻪﺋارا رﺎﺸﻓ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﯿﻌﻣ ظﺎﺤﻟ زا ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ لوﺪﺟ)
(1 ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد . ياﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺴﯾز ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا مﻮﺑ
لﺎﺜﻣ ياﺮﺑ) ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ وDing
؛2008 ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ وYu
؛2013 ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ وMao
؛2014
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ وWang .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هرﺎﺷا نآ دﺎﯾز تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻪﻨﻣاد ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﻧﺎﮑﻣ يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ (2015
لﺎﺳ ﯽﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ یﺎﻫ
ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ× -
ﻪﻧﺎﯿﻣ
هداد هدوﺪﺤﻣ تﺮﭘﺮﯿﻏ يﺎﻫ
° هداد تﺮﭘ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺒﻟ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻨﯿﯾﺎﭘ و ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ
هﺪﻨﻫد
و75 ﺺﺧﺎﺷ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻪﻨﻣاد25 ﯽﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﺖﺳا .
) ﻞﮑﺷ (2 يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ) رﺎﺸﻓ يﺎﻫ ﻒﻟا
) ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ،(
،(ب ) ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ج ( (د) ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و ﺪﻧزﺎﺷ يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآﺮﯾز ﺢﻄﺳ رد
ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ رد ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ و ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ،رﺎﺸﻓ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺳ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻫ ﻖﯿﻔﻠﺗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ لﺎﺳ
يﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ مرﺎﻬﭼ ﺎﺗ لوا ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ
،53 ،77 و78 يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآﺮﯾز ﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻫ .ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ظﺎﺤﻟ زا ﻢﻟﺎﺳﺎﻧ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ياراد ﺪﻧزﺎﺷ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺪﺻرد60
ﺖﻤﺴﻗ رد ﻊﻗاو و ﺰﯿﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ قﺮﺷ لﺎﻤﺷ يدوﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ و ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺷ يﺎﻫ
ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﺖﯿﻌﺿ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ و ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد (ﻢﻟﺎﺳﺎﻧ) ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ زا يﺮﺗ
ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ لﺪﻣ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﯾرﻮﻓ و ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﺘﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ذﺎﺨﺗا و ﯽﻗدﺎﺻ .دراد دﻮﺟوPSR
) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ رد ﺪﻧزﺎﺷ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ياﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﻣزﺮﺳ ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺰﯿﻧ (1396
لﺎﺳ شراﺰﮔ ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ و هﺪﻨﻨﮑﺷ ار لوا ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ
ﯽﻠﮐ رﻮﻃ
ياﺮﺑ لﺎﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ رد لوا رد و ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﯽﻧﺎﯿﻣ يﺎﻫ
لﺎﺳ ﺶﯿﺑ ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﯽﻧﺎﺘﺴﻫﻮﮐ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ و ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ قﺮﺷ مود ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ظﺎﺤﻟ زا ﺮﺗ
ﺖﻤﺴﻗ رد ﻊﻗاو رد .ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗESAI و ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ هﺪﻤﻋ ﻢﮐاﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ قﺮﺷ و يﺰﮐﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﮑﺒﺷ و هﺪﺷ ﻪﺟاﻮﻣ ﯽﻃﺎﺒﺗرا يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ندﻮﺑ ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ تﺪﺷ .ﺖﺳا هدوﺰﻓا ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ
ﻢﻫ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ لﺎﺳ رﺎﻬﭼ رد ﺖﻟﺎﺣ و رﺎﺸﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﯽﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ) يراد
/41 0
>
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻣا ﺪﻨﺘﺷاﺪﻧ (P ) يراد
/004 0
<
يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد (P
لﺎﺳ رد ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﻧﺎﮑﻣ يﺎﻫ
و1365 راﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ 1393
زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑP /12 ﯽﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا0 ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد .ﺖﺷا ﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧ يراد
رد ﻪﮐ
ب ﻒﻟا ج
د
لﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ ،1377 و1387 راﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ1393
ﻢﮐP زا ﺮﺗ /01 ﯽﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ياراد0 ﻢﻫ .ﺖﺳا راد
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﻧﺎﮑﻣ يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ
لﺎﺳ رد رﻮﺑﺰﻣ يﺎﻫ
و1365 نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا ﺢﻄﺳ رد1387
) ﺪﺻرد90 /09 0
>
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ياراد (P .ﺪﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا راد
) لوﺪﺟ ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ لﺪﻣ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧزﺎﺷ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﯽﻧﺎﮑﻣ و ﯽﻧﺎﻣز يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ (1
PSR
لﺎﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ
ﻢﻟﺎﺳﺎﻧ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﻢﻟﺎﺳﺎﻧ
1365 رﺎﺸﻓ
4 15
، 17 ،9،6 ،10 13،12 ، ،14
،18 ،19 ،20 ،21 24 ،2
،16 23 ،1
،3 ،5 ،7 ،8 ،11 22
ﺖﻟﺎﺣ 15
16 ،1
،2 ،7 ،11 ،13 ،17
،22 23 ،6
،8 ،10 ،12 ،14 21 ،3
،4 ،5 ،9 ،18 ،19 ،20 24
ﺦﺳﺎﭘ -
4 - ، ،5 ،9 ،11 ،12 14 ،3 ،8 ،10 ،13 ،15 ،16 ،17 ،18
،19 ،20 ،21 ،23 24 ،1
،2 ،6 ،7 22
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ -
- ،10
،12 ،13 ،14 ،15
،16 ،17 21 ،2
،4 ،5 ،8 ،9 ،11 ،18 ،19 ،20
، 22 ،23 24 ،1
،3 ،6 7
1377 رﺎﺸﻓ
-
،4 ،15 17 ،2 ،6 ،9 ،11 ،14 ،18
،20 ،22 23 ،1
،5 ،10 ،19 21 ،3
،7 ،8 ،12 ،13 ،16 24
ﺖﻟﺎﺣ 15
- ،2
،7 ،8 ،13 ،14 ،17
،18 ،19 ،21 23 ،4
،6 ،10 ،12 ،16 24 ،1
،3 ،5 ،9 ،11 22
ﺦﺳﺎﭘ -
9 24
،4 ،5 ،6 ،10 ،11 ،12 ،13 ،14
،17 ،19 23 ،1
،2 ،3 ،7 ،8 ،15 ،16 ،18 ،20
،21 22
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ -
- ،14
،15 17 ،2
،5 ،6 ،8 ،9 ،10 ،11 ،12 ،13
،18 ،19 ،20 ،21 ،22 ،23 24 ،1
،3 ،7 16
1387 رﺎﺸﻓ
،4 15 ،5 17 ،6 ،10 ،11 ،14 ،16 ،18
،20 ،21 ،22 23 ،2
،9 ،19 24 ،1
،3 ،7 ،8 ،12 13
ﺖﻟﺎﺣ -
- ،2
،7 ،8 ،10 ،12 ،13
،14 ،17 ،18 ،19 ،20
،21 ،22 ،23 24 ،3
،4 ،5 ،9 ،11 15 ،1
،6 16
ﺦﺳﺎﭘ 4
، ،5 15 -
- 24
،1 ،5 ،6 ،7 ،8 ،10 ،11 ،12 ،13
،14 ،15 ،16 ،17 ،18 ،19 ،20
،21 ،22 23
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ -
،4 15 -
،2 ،5 ،6 ،8 ،9 ،10 ،11 ،12 ،14
،17 ،18 ،19 ،20 ،21 ،22 ،23
24 ،1
،3 ،7 ،13 16
1393 رﺎﺸﻓ
15
،4 ،10 17 ،5 ،14 ،16 ،18 ،20 23 ،2 ،6 ،9 ،13 ،19 ،21 ،22 24 ،1
،3 ،7 ،8 ،11 12
ﺖﻟﺎﺣ -
15 ،2
،7 ،12 ،13 ،14 ،19
،22 23 ،1
،4 ،5 ،8 ،10 ،11 ،16 ،17
،18 24 ،3
،6 9
ﺦﺳﺎﭘ 10
،9 ،15 24 ،4 ،8 ،11 ،12 ،13 ،14
،17 23 ،5
،6 ،16 ،19 22 ،1
،2 ،3 ،7 ،18 ،20 21
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ -
15 ،4
،10 ،14 ،17 23 ،2 ،5 ،6 ،8 ،9 ،11 ،12 ،13 ،16
،18 ،19 ،21 ،22 24 ،1
،3 ،7 20
- 9 ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﮔ ﯿ يﺮ
ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ لﺪﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧزﺎﺷ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽﺒﺴﻧ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ هار ﻪﺋارا ياﺮﺑPSR
يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآﺮﯾز ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﺘﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﮐ
ﻪﺑ ﯽﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯽﺼﺨﺸﻣ دﺎﻌﺑا ﻦﯿﯿﺒﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ لﺪﻣ ﺖﯿﻫﺎﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻪﮐ اﺮﯾز .ﺖﺳا يدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا شور
ﻪﺑ ﺮﻣا ﻦﯾا و ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ زا ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ
ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ و ناﺰﯾر ﺪﻧزﺎﺷ
ﯾﻮﻟوا ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ رد ﺖ
يﺎﺘﺳار رد ﯽﺘﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا و ﺎﻫ
دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺎﯾ و ﻆﻔﺣ و ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽﻠﺻا دﺎﻌﺑا
يراﺪﯾﺎﭘ نآ ﮏﻤﮐ ﯽﻣ ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﭼﺮﮔا . ﯽﯾاﺪﺘﺑا ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ رد زﻮﻨﻫ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا يﺎﻫ
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺑ و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ دﻮﺧ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ يﺎﻫ
ﻊﻣﺎﺟ و ﺮﺗ ﺖﺳد ياﺮﺑ ﺮﺗ ﯽﻣ زﺎﯿﻧ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯾ
.ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ
.1 ﯽﮐﻮﻫﺎﭼ عراز
، ﯽﺑ ،.ع.م ﺎﺘﻤﻫ .ر.م ، .1394 ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ مﻮﻠﻋ رد رﺎﻣآ لﻮﺻا
، ،ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد پﺎﭼ و تارﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﻪﺴﺳﻮﻣ 302
.ص
.2 ﯽﻗدﺎﺻ
، يدواد ،.ر.ح.س دار
، ﻦﯾﺪﻟاﺪﻌﺳ ،.ا.ع
، دﺰﻤﯾﺎﭘ ،.ا
، .ش ﺪﻧور .1396
تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ ﻦﯿﻣز رد هزﻮﺣ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ
ﺪﻧزﺎﺷ نﺎﺘﺳا- .يﺰﮐﺮﻣ ،ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ و ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ )9
:(4 -383 .397
3. Ding, Y., Wang, W., Cheng, X., Zhao, S., 2008. Ecosystem Health Assessment in Inner Mongolia Region based on Remote Sensing and GIS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XXXVII. Part B1: 1029-1034.
4. Hazbavi, Z., Jantiene, B., Nunes, J.P., Keesstra, S.D., Sadeghi, S.H.R., 2018. Changeability of Reliability, Resilience and Vulnerability Indicators with Respect to Drought Patterns. Ecological Indicators, 87: 196-208.
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6. Mao X., Wang X., Chen Q., Yin X., 2014. A PSR-Framework-Based Health Assessment of Ulansuhai Lake in China. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 23(6): 2093-2102.
7. Sadeghi, S.H.R., Hazbavi, Z., Gholamalifard, M., 2018. Interactive Impacts of Climatic, Hydrologic and Anthropogenic Activities on Watershed Health. Science of the Total Environment, Accepted Paper.
8. Yu, G., Yu, Q., Hu, L., Zhang, S., Fu, T., Zhou, X., He, X., Liu, Y., Wang, S., Jia, H., 2013. Ecosystem Health Assessment based on Analysis of a Land Use Database. Applied Geography, 44: 154-164.
9. Wang, Y., Ding, Q., Zhuang, D., 2015. An Eco-City Evaluation Method based on Spatial Analysis Technology: A Case Study of Jiangsu Province, China. Ecological Indicators, 58: 37-46.
10. Wang, Z., & Tang, L., Qiu, Q., Chen, H.,Wu, T., Shao, G., 2018. Assessment of Regional Ecosystem Health-A Case Study of the Golden Triangle of Southern Fujian Province, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2018, 15(802): 19 p.
Comparative Analysis of Chanageability of Health Assessment Indicators of Pressure, State and Response in the Shazand
Watershed
Abstract
The current study was formulated to assess the watershed health indicators with respect to governing principal issues on the comprehensive watershed management. Towards this attempt, the application of pressure-state-response (PSR) conceptual model was evaluated in the Shazand Watershed, Markazi Province during four years of 1365, 1377, 1387 and 1393. To this end, the basis and necessary information and maps were provided and consequently the appropriate criteria for watershed health assessment with regards to data accessibility and availability were derived. Hence, the pressure, state and response indicators as well as comprehensive health indices (CHI) were computed. The health changeability therefore was analyzed using PSR model in the scale of the study watershed and sub-watersheds for four study years. The results proved the temporal changeability and controlling role of the each study indicator on the Shazand health assessment in terms of the study scales. However, the relative health of the Shazand Watershed was scored as relative un-healthy (CHI=0.33) and its temporal distribution was un-similar during the different study years. The results also showed that the pressure and state indicators had not significant difference (P>0.41), however the response indicator had a significant difference (P<0.004) during the study years. The results of the present research is highly applicable in order to determine the effective factors on watershed health, distinguish the healthy watersheds, select the representative watersheds in homogenous regions and sustainable and comprehensive management of the watersheds.
Keywords: Conceptual Model, Driver, Ecosystem Health, Healthy Watersheds, Monitoring
