Presenting a Model to Develop Professional Ethics of Physical Education Teachers

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Presenting a Model to Develop Professional Ethics of Physical Education Teachers

Batool Sheikhi Mobarakeh¹ , Mehdi Salimi² , Hamid Zahedi³^

1. Department of Physical Education, Najaf Abad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad, Isfahan, Iran.

2. Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, E-mail: [email protected]r

3. Corresponding Author, Department of Physical Education, Najaf Abad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article type:

Research Article

Article history:

Received:

15 March 2020 Received in revised form:

10 May 2020 Accepted:

16 May 2020 Published online:

16 November 2022

Keywords:

ethical backgrounds, organizational development, personal development, physical education teachers professional ethics

Introduction: The aim of research was to present a paradigm model to develop the professional ethics of schools’ physical education teachers.

Methods: This research was executed by qualitative method with systematic grounded theory (GT) approach. The population included the experienced professors in the field of study research who wereselected by using the snowball sampling method. The tools and methods for collecting the data were personal semi-structured interviews; and the interviews continued till the theoretical saturation point (13 interviews). To analyze the data, the systematic approach with three main steps of open coding, axial coding and selective coding was applied.

Results: During the open coding process, in total, 506 conceptual codes were obtained without considering the overlaps. In the next step, 74 common concepts formed 16 categories on the basis of overlaps and similarities. At last, in the axial and selective coding stages, the paradigm model of professional ethics among the physical education teachers was explained and outlines focusing on the central category of personal and organizational development were drawn.

Conclusions: Investigating the situation, status and offering of professional ethics indicators in education system and its teachers can help the policy-makers, managers and planners to make the appropriate decisions for filling the gap between the current status and desired status of teachers’ professional ethics. Within this path and in the present study, causative conditions, strategies, grounds, intervening conditions and the consequences were explained separately.

Cite this article: Sheikhi Mobarakeh, B., Salimi, M., & Zahedi, H. (2022). Presenting a Model to Develop the Professional Ethics of Physical Education Teachers. Sport Management Journal, 14(3),37-52.

DOI:http//doi.org/1022059/JSM.2020.299495.2437

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Introduction

The aim of research was to present a paradigm model to develop the professional ethics of schools’ physical education teachers. The goal of the education and training organization is to educate the future builders of the society, and according to the tools at its disposal, it tries to develop their talents and bring people to perfection. This organization is very important in any society, because it is responsible for providing future human resources; Undoubtedly, one of the most important elements are the teachers who play a great role in the efficiency and effectiveness of this system. One of the most influential teachers among students are physical education teachers who, if they have professional ethics, can play a very important role in the education and growth of students.

Methods

This research was executed by qualitative method with systematic grounded theory (GT) approach. The population included the experienced professors in the field of study research who were selected by using the snowball sampling method. The tools and methods for collecting the data was the personal semi-structured interview and the interviews continued till the theoretical saturation point (13 interviews).

Acceptability criterion was used to determine the validity in research based on foundation data approach. In order to ensure the reliability of the tool, in addition to the auditing method, the internal agreement method (within the subject) was also used.To analyze the data, the systematic approach with three main steps of open coding, axial coding and selective coding was applied.

Results

During the process of open coding in the present study, a total of 506 conceptual codes were extracted without considering the overlaps (74 categories with the overlaps considered) and 16 concepts (subcategories) were formed. In the second stage and axial coding, the main categories (causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences) are considered as the axis, and then other concepts (subcategories) according to commonalities or homogeneity and meaning were given to them. In fact, in the last stage, the concepts calculated in the previous stage were connected to each other and the relationships between them were determined, which is the process of discovering the theory and the emergence of the theory.

Conclusions

As it shows from the concepts and categories in causal conditions, the codes of professional ethics of physical education teachers should be reflected in the personal characteristics of these people; which includes: individual characteristics, communication characteristics, student evaluation method, and scientific and skill characteristics. Strategies are purposeful actions that provide solutions for the implementation of the desired central phenomenon and lead to the creation of consequences and results. Based on the

through the implementation of strategies. Background factors in the present research include an ethical platform for the implementation and implementation of strategies, and until this ethical atmosphere prevails in the prevailing educational environment, no strategy will be responsive. Intervening conditions are broad conditions that act as facilitators or limiters of strategies; These conditions facilitate and accelerate the implementation of strategies or delay them as an obstacle.

The three categories of social factors, economic factors and factors related to policies are the categories that create the conditions of intervention. In the paradigm model of the current research, the strategies calculated in the shadow of the background and interventionist conditions will lead to the creation of individual, educational and social consequences;

and all the activities and actions before this led to the orientation and operationalization of these three categories.

Ethical standards can have a direct effect on teachers' performance by creating expectations and directing educational activities, and indirectly affect the actions of other institutions and cultural associations, which are somehow involved in education.

Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines:

Funding: No financial resources were used in this research.

Authors’ contribution:All authors have jointly participated in the research.

Conflict of interest:This research has no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments: We are grateful to all those who helped us in this research.

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ﺋارا ﮥ لﺪﻣ ﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﮥ قﻼﺧا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ناﺮﯿﺑد

ﻪﮐرﺎﺒﻣ ﯽﺨﯿﺷ لﻮﺘﺑ ، 1

يﺪﻬﻣ ﻠﺳ ﯿﻤ ﯽ ، 2

يﺪﻫاز ﺪﯿﻤﺣ

3



1 . ﺑﺮﺗ هوﺮﮔ ﯿ ﺖ ﻧﺪﺑ ﯽ

، ﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽ

ﺪﺣاو ﻒﺠﻧ دﺎﺑآ ، ﻒﺠﻧ دﺎﺑآ

،

،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا اﯾ ناﺮ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار. : [email protected]

2 . هوﺮﮔ ،ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺪﮑﺸﻧاد

ة و ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ناﺮﯾا ،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ

:ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار. [email protected]

3.

،لوﺆﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ ،ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هوﺮﮔ

ﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽ

ﺪﺣاو ﻒﺠﻧ دﺎﺑآ ، ﻒﺠﻧ دﺎﺑآ

،

،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا اﯾ ناﺮ ، :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار [email protected]

ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا هﺪﯿﮑﭼ

:ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻟﺎﻘﻣ

ﮥ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 24 / 12 / 1398

:يﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 21

/2 / 1399

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 27 /2 / 1399

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا : 25 /8 / 1401

ﺪﯿﻠﮐ هژاو :ﺎﻫ

قﻼﺧا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي

،

،ﯽﻗﻼﺧا يﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ،ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ،يدﺮﻓ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ناﺮﯿﺑد :ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

ارا ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا فﺪﻫ ﺋﮥ

لﺪﻣ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ قﻼﺧا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي .دﻮﺑ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ناﺮﯿﺑد ﯾا

زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ

دﺮﮑﯾور و ﯽﻔﯿﮐ شور مﺎﻈﻧ

ﺪﻨﻣ ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ هداد .ﺪﯿﺳر مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺑ دﺎﯿﻨﺑ

:ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور ﻞﻣﺎﺷ يرﺎﻣآ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ

نادﺎﺘﺳا ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﺮﻈﻧ رد بﺮﺠﻣ و ةزﻮﺣ

ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﺑ

رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي زا ﺰﯿﻧ

شور ﻪﻟﻮﻠﮔ ﻓﺮﮔ هﺮﻬﺑ ﯽﻓﺮﺑ عﻮﻧ زا ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ،هداد يروآدﺮﮔ شور و راﺰﺑا .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘ

ﻪﻤﯿﻧ ﺘﻓﺎﯾرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﮥ ﺮﻓ ،دﻮﺑ يد و ياﺮﺟا

ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ ) يﺮﻈﻧ عﺎﺒﺷا ﺎﺗ 13

.ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﻣادا (ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻪﺑ

رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ هداد ﺎﻫ دﺮﮑﯾور زا مﺎﻈﻧ ﺪﻨﻣ ﮔ ﻪﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﻠﺻا مﺎ

.ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ هﺮﻬﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ و يرﻮﺤﻣ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ،زﺎﺑ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﻫ ﺎ:

ﯽﻃ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد ،زﺎﺑ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ 506

ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد نوﺪﺑ ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺪﮐ ﺎﺷﻮﭙﻤﻫ

ﻧ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺼﺣا ﺪﺷ مﺎﮔ رد و

،ﺪﻌﺑ 74 كﺮﺘﺸﻣ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ

ﻧﺎﺷﻮﭙﻤﻫ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ،تﺎﻬﺑﺎﺸﺗ و 16

ﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد .ﺪﻧداد ﻞﮑﺷ ار ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ رد ﺖ

ﮥﻠﺣﺮﻣ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ

ﯽﻤﯾادارﺎﭘ لﺪﻣ ،ﯽﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا و يرﻮﺤﻣ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ

قﻼﺧا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي ﺑﺮﺗ ناﺮﯿﺑد ﺖﯾرﻮﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿ ﻣ

ﮥﻟﻮﻘ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ي ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻓ و يدﺮ

ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺗ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﺷ

.

ﺘﻧ ﯿ ﻪﺠ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي : و هﺎﮕﯾﺎﺟ ،ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﮥﺋارا

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ي قﻼﺧا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي شزﻮﻣآ مﺎﻈﻧ رد ﻤﻠﻌﻣ و شروﺮﭘ و

نﺎ

ﮥﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣﺮﯾز ،نآ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ و ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ،ناراﺬﮕﺘﺳﺎﯿﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ

رﯾ ناﺰ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ تﺎﻤﯿﻤﺼﺗ ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺷ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ياﺮ

فﺎﮑ

قﻼﺧا بﻮﻠﻄﻣ و دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ

ا ي ﻠﻋ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺎﺳر يرﺎﯾ ناﺮﯿﺑد ﺮﺒﻫار ،ﯽ

ﺘﺴﺑ ،ﺎﻫد ،ﺎﻫﺮ

ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ ﻦﯿﯿﺒﺗ ﮏﯿﮑﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺮﮔ هﺪﺷ

ﺪﻧا .

:دﺎﻨﺘﺳا ﻪﮐرﺎﺒﻣ ﯽﺨﯿﺷ ،

لﻮﺘﺑ

؛ ﯽﻤﯿﻠﺳ ، يﺪﻬﻣ و ؛ يﺪﻫاز ، ﺪﯿﻤﺣ ) 1401 .(

ﮥﺋارا لﺪﻣ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ قﻼﺧا ﺣ ﻪﻓﺮ ا ي ﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ناﺮﯿﺑد .ﯽ

ﺮﺸﻧ ﯾﮥ ﺪﻣ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ ﺷزرو ﯽ

، ) 3 ( 14 ، 37-52 .

2020.299495.2437 JSM.

/ 1022059 DOI:http//doi.org/

ﺎﻧ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد :ﺮﺷ ﺪﮑﺸﻧاد

ة مﻮﻠﻋ ﺷزرو ﯽ و ﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ ﯽ . ﺴﯾﻮﻧ©

.نﺎﮔﺪﻨ

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ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ و ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺗ شروﺮﭘ و شزﻮﻣآ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ فﺪﻫ آﯾ

هﺪﻨ نازﺎﺳ د ﻪﮐ يراﺰﺑا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و ﺖﺳا ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ راد رﺎﯿﺘﺧا ر

د،

ﯽﻌﺳ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ ﻧﻮﮔﺮﮔد ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي

ﻮﮑﺷ ار ﺎﻬﻧآ يﺎﻫداﺪﻌﺘﺳا و هدﺮﮐ دﺎﺠﯾا داﺮﻓا رد ار ﯽﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺳﺮﺑ لﺎﻤﮐ ﺪﺣ ﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ار نﺎﺴﻧا و دزﺎﺳ ﺎﻓ

ا) ﺪﻧﺎ ،ﯽﻨﯿﻣ 1395 .(

ﺗ لﺎﺑ ود ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ و ﻢﯿﻠﻌ

ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ و ﯽﻗﺮﺗ ﺘﺴﻫ

ﺪﻨ مﺎﻈﻧ نوﺪﺑ و ﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ

ﮥ ﯽﺘﯿﺑﺮﺗ و ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻤﻧ

ﯽ ناﻮﺗ ﯾﺎﻓﻮﮑﺷ و ﺪﺷر زا ﯽﻫﺎﮕﯾﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺪﯿﺳر ﯽ

ﯽﺨﯿﺷ) ارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ،ن

1398 ﻢﻬﺳ شروﺮﭘ و شزﻮﻣآ هزوﺮﻣا سﺎﺳا ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﺮﺑ .(

يﺮﯿﮕﻤﺸﭼ زا

ﺟدﻮﺑ ﮥ ﮐ ﺮﻫ صﺎﺼﺘﺧا دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ار رﻮﺸ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻫد ﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ، ﻫا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮ ﺖﯿﻤ

،ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ و ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺗ ﺶﻘﻧ و ﻪﺑ

رد ﺖﺳا يروﺮﺿ ،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ و ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ،ﯽﺳﺎﯿﺳ ،يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا دﺎﻌﺑا رد صﻮﺼﺧ ﺟ

ﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺖﻬ آ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ د و شزﻮﻣ

،شروﺮﭘ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﻦﺘﻓر رﺪﻫ زا ﺎﺗ دﺮﯿﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﯽﺳﺎﺳا ﺎﻣﺮﺳ

ﯾﻪ ﺎﻫ ي دﻮﺷ يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ يدﺎﻣ و ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا )

ﻦﯿﺴﺣ ،هداز 1386 .(

آ مﺎﻈﻧ و شزﻮﻣ

شروﺮﭘ ﺮﻫ رد ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ا ي رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا زا دﺎﯾز

ي ،ﺖﺳا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﮐاﺮﭼ

ﻦﯿﻣﺄﺗ يوﺮﯿﻧ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا آﯾ هﺪﻨ ار ﺑ

؛دراد هﺪﻬﻋ ﺮ ﻪﮐ

ﺑ ﯽ ﮏﺷ زا ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﻦ

ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ نآ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﺘﺴﻫ ﺪﻨ ﻪﮐ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻻاو ﯽﯾ رد ارﺎﮐ ﯽﯾ ﯽﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا و مﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﯾا

ﺪﻧراد ﻫ و ﯽﻧﺎﻫاﺮﻓ ﯽﻧﺎﻗﺮﺑ) ،نارﺎﮑﻤ

1397 .(

ﯽﺳﺎﺳا شزﻮﻣآ و

و ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺗ ﺰﻣر و زار ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﻣزﺎﯿﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺑﺮﯾز ﺘﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﯿﺑﺮﺗ يﻮﮕﻟا شدﻮﺧ و ﺪﻧاﺪﺑ ار ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ

ﻤﻠﻌ ﺎ ﺑ ن دﻮﺧ و ﺪﺷﺎ ﻪﺑ ار

ﻨﻤﺷزرا ﯽﺗﺎﻔﺻ ﺪ

ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﯾارﺎﯿﺑ ﺶﻧاد

زﻮﻣآ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﺛا نا دراﺬﮕﺑ

و ﯽﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ

دروآ ﺖﺳد ﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﺨﯿﺷ)

،نارﺎ 1398 .(

ﯽﻓﺮﻃ زا ﻪﺑ

ﻟد ﯿ ﻞ ﭘﯿ ﺪﻧﻮ ﺑﯿ ﻦ رد نآ ﺶﻘﻧ و ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ و شزرو ﺪﺷر

دﺮﻓ ي و ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ شزرو ، ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﻫ

ار ﺲﮑﻌﻨﻣ ةﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺑﻮﺧ ﯽ ﺎﻫ و

ﺪﺑ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ نآ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﻧاد

، ﺎﺑ اﯾ ﻦ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﮐ شزرو آﯾ ﻪﻨ ا ي ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ رد ﻦﻤﺿ ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ راﺬﮔﺮ ي ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ زا شزرا ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻧﯿ ﺰ ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿﺮ ﺬﭙﺑ ﯾ دﺮ

ﻞﯿﺴﮑﺑ) ،1

2003 .(

ازا ﯾ ﻦ ور ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﺪﺷر و ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ رد ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺑﻮﺧ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ سراﺪﻣ رد

ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ياﺮﺑ

ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ . هوﻼﻋ

دﺎﺠﯾا و ،ﯽﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ و ﺖﻣﻼﺳ يور ﺮﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺮﺑ ﮔدﺎﻣآ

ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي رد ﯽﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺶﻧاد

زﻮﻣآ شروﺮﭘ رد ،نا

،ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ ﻠﺑﺎﻗ

ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﯾاﺰﺴﺑ ﻢﻬﺳ ﯽﻧاور لدﺎﻌﺗ و ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا .دراد

ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ ﺬﭘﺮ ﯾﺮ ي ﺎﺑ و عوﺮﺷ نﺎﺘﺴﺑد زا ،ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ مﺎﻈﻧ رد ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ زا داﺮﻓا

نﺪﻧارﺬﮔ هرود ﺎﻫ ي ﻞﻣﺎﮑﺗ ﻪﺑ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد رد ﻪﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ و ﯽﯾﺎﻤﻨﻫار ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﺳر ،ﯽﻤﯿﻠﺳ) 1395 رد .(

رد ،ﺎﻬﻧآ شروﺮﭘ و شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ

فاﺪﻫا سرد ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ هدﻮﺑ ﺪﻧا شزرو ، رد نﺎﯿﻣ ﻬﻧ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ داﺮﻓا ﻪﻨﯾدﺎ

ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ و شزرو ياﺮﺑ نﻻﺎﺴﮔرﺰﺑ و ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ زا

ﯽﺼﺨﺷ

ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ،يﺪﻤﺤﻣ و ﯽﻤﯿﻠﺳ ،ﺖﺳﺮﭘاﺪﺧ) 1401

.(

ﺮﺿﺎﺣ لﺎﺣ رد ﻪﺑ

رﻮﻃ ﯽﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ 104 ﻪﮐ دراد دﻮﺟو رﻮﺸﮐ ﺮﺳاﺮﺳ رد ﻪﺳرﺪﻣ راﺰﻫ

ﺮﯿﺑد ﮏﯾ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ دﻮﺟو مﺎﻤﺗ

ﺖﻗو ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ يروﺮﺿ ﻪﺳرﺪﻣ ﺮﻫ رد ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﺳر ﺎﻣا ؛ ﺮﺑ سﺎﺳا يﺎﻫدروآﺮﺑ ترﻮﺻ

ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ

دوﺪﺣ 26 دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ .ﺪﻧرﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ لﻮﻐﺸﻣ رﻮﺸﮐ سراﺪﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ﻢﻠﻌﻣ راﺰﻫ ﻦﯾا

ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و ﻪﺘﺷاد

ﺎﻫ ي ،كﺪﻧا ياﺮﺟا سرد

ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﮥﺟدﻮﺑ

مﺎﻈﻧ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﻔﮕﻨﻫ ﻞﯿﻤﺤﺗ رﻮﺸﮐ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﮐ . فاﺪﻫا سرد ﻦﯾا ﻢﻬﻣ رد

ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻪﺳ ﻪﺻﻼﺧ

ﻣ ﯽ ﻮﺷ د:

دﺎﺠﯾا

ﺶﯾاﺮﮔ و ﺖﺒﺴﻧ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺶﻨﯿﺑ ﻪﺑ

شزرو و ﺶﻘﻧ نآ رد يدﺮﻓ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻦﯿﻣﺄﺗ ﻦﯿﻣﺄﺗ ،ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و

ﯽﮔدﺎﻣآ ﯽﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ياﺮﺑ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ

ﺶﻧاد زﻮﻣآ

،نا و دﺎﺠﯾا تادﺎﻋ ﺢﯿﺤﺻ و ﯽﺷزرو هﺮﻬﺑ

رو ي زا ﻮﯿﺷ ة ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﮔﺪﻧز رد ) يروﺎﻨﻓ ﺮﺼﻋ ،دﺮﻓﺮﮔرﺎﮐ

1385 .(

ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺳر ياﺮﺑ

رد فاﺪﻫا ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘﺳد ﺮﺗ س

زا ﯽﮑﯾ ،ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑ ﺶﺨﺑﺮﺛا

ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﻦ ياﺮﺑ ار سرد ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ ،نﺎﮐرا ﺶﻧاد

زﻮﻣآ ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ نا

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا و ، ﻤﻧ

ﯽ ﯾ ﺪﺑﺎ نآ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﺮﮕﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺢﻠﺴﻣ

ترﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﻧﻮﮔﺎـﻧﻮﮔ ﯽ ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ زا ترﺎﻬﻣ

ﺎﻫ ي ﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﯽ ﻼـﻣﺎﻌﺗ ، ت

ﻪﻤﻫ زا و هﺪﻧزﺎﺳ ﻢﻬﻣ

ﺮﺗ قﻼﺧا و يرﺎﮐ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي ـﺷﺎﺑ ﻨﺪ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ . ﻪﺑ

ناﻮﻨﻋ زا ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﺸﻗ ﮥﻌﻣﺎﺟ

رﻮﺸﮐ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ هوﻼﻋ

ﺮﺑ

ﺶﻘﻧ يﺎﻔﯾا ﺮﺛﺆﻣ

و ﺪﺷر رد ﺎﻓﻮﮑﺷ

ﯽﯾ ﺶﻧاد زﻮﻣآ ﯽﯾﻮﮕﻟا ﺶﻘﻧ زا نا وﯾ

هﮋ ا ي نﺎﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ و نﺎﮐدﻮﮐ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ و ﺪﻧرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﮥﻔﺴﻠﻓ

ار ﯽﮔﺪﻧز

دﺎﯾ نﺎﻧآ زا ﻣ

ﯽ ﮔﯿ ﺪﻧﺮ ؛ ﯽﺑ ﮏﺷ ﺪﻫاﻮﺨﻧ ﺮﺴﯿﻣ ﺮﻣا ﻦﯾا و يرﺎﮐ قﻼﺧا ﺮﯿﺴﻣ رد نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻦﯾا يﺮﺒﻫار ﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﻣ ،ﺪﺷ

ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي .

تﺎﻋﻮـﺿﻮﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﻪﺑ هزوﺮﻣا قﻼﺧا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺘﻓﺮﯾﺬﭘ

ﮥ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ رد هﺪﺷ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ زا ﯽﮑﯾ و ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ و و ﺐﻟﺎﺟ تﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ

ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ اﺮﺑ

ي

ﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺎ ﺖﺳا ن ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻦﯾوﺎﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﮐ قﻼﺧا ،رﺎﮐ قﻼﺧا

ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي ، و قﻼﺧا رﺎﺠﺗ ي ﻪـﺘﺧادﺮﭘ نآ ﻪـﺑ ﻣ

ﯽ دﻮﺷ ،يﺪﻧوﻼﻗ) 1395

( .

زا قﻼﺧا ﻢﻠﻋ نﺮﻗ

ﺎﻫ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ دراو نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ فﺮﺣ و ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻣ رد ﺢﯿﺴﻣ دﻼﯿﻣ زا ﻞﺒﻗ ةزﻮﺣ ود ﻪﺑ قﻼﺧا ﻢﻠﻋ

ﺮﻈﻧ ي و دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ي ﻢﯿﺴـﻘﺗ

ﻣ ﯽ دﻮـﺷ ﻪـﮐ قﻼﺧا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﻦ ﺰﺟ ء قﻼﺧا دﺮﺑرﺎـﮐ ي ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﮐ ﺖـﺳا ﻪـﻓﺮﺣ رد ﯽﻗﻼﺧا ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ

ـﻣ ﯽ دﺮـﭘ دزا و مﺪﻘﻣ طﺎﯿﺧ)

1. Boxill

(5)

،ﺐﺴﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﺒﻃﺎﺒﻃ 1395

.(

قﻼﺧا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي ﻪﺑ ﻊﻗاو رد ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر

ﯽﯾ قﻼﻃا ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻮﮕﻟا

ي ﺖﻌﻔﻨﻣ اﺮﮔ ﯽﯾ قﻮﻘﺣ ، ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ و

،نﺎﯾرﻮﯿﮔ) 1390

.(

نﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻦﯿﻟوا ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ

رد هﺪﺷ ﻨﯿﻣز ﮥ قﻼﺧا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي ﻪﺑ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻨﮔﻮﺳ ﮥ نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ نﺎﻧﻮﯾ رد طاﺮﻘﺑ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻣزﺎﺑ

ﯽ ددﺮﮔ ﻪﮐ نآ رد

و ﻒﯾﺎﻇو ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ

ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ نﺎﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﯽﻗﻼﺧا )

،نﺎﯿﻨﯿﺴﺣ 1384

(؛

ﻦﯾازا ور ﻦﯿﻟوا ﻔﯿﻇو ﮥ قﻼﺧا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي و ﺪﺷر ، ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﻨﯿﻧاﻮﻗ

ﺮﺑ ﯾﺎﭘ ﮥ ﻞﻐﺷ رد قﻼﺧا ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣ

رد .ﺖﺳا ﺘﺸﯿﺑ

ﺮ ﺖﯿﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ و ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ يﺎﻫدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ قﻼﺧا ﻢﻠﻋ دراﻮﻣ هرﺎﺷا

دراد ) ﺮﻣﻮﮐ ،1

2014 .(

ﺎﺑ دﻮﺟو ﻨﭼ ﯿ ﻦ و ﻪﻨﯿﺸﯿﭘ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺸﭘ

ا ي ﻪﮐ قﻼﺧا و عﺎﻤﺘﺟا و داﺮﻓا لﺎﻐﺘﺷا ،ﻞﻤﻋ و شزﻮﻣآ رﻮﺤﻣ نآ رد ﻄﻘﻧ

ﮥ نﺎﺷﻮﺟ ﻧﯿ وﺮ ي ﻮﭘ ﯾﺎ ي

ﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﮥ ﻣﻼﺳا ﯽ و اﯾ ﻧاﺮ ﯽ ،ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﻌﻣﺎﺟ

ﮥ ﻧﻮﻨﮐ ﯽ نﺎﺼﻘﻧ زا ﺎﻣ ﻪﻏﺪﻏد

ﺎﻫ ي ﻗﻼﺧا ﯽ رد ﺐﺴﮐ رﺎﮐو قﻼﺧا ﺎﯾ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ

ا ي ﺞﻧر ﻣ ﯽ دﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﯿﻬﻣﺮﻓ)

،ﻢﺟ مﺎﻨﻬﺑ و ﯽﻧﺎﻫاﺮﻓ 1391

(.

قﻼﺧا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ا ي زا وﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي يرﺎﺘﻓر ﺖﺳا نﺎﯾﺮﺘﺸﻣ و نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ كﺮﺘﺸﻣ قﻮﻘﺣ ﺖﯾﺎﻋر ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ

ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ مﺪﻋ ،ﯽﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ دوﺪﺣ ﺖﯾﺎﻋر ،ﯽﻫاﻮﺧﺮﯿﺧ نﻮﭼ ﯽﺗﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ رد و ءﻮﺳ

اﺪﯿﭘ ﯽﻠﺠﺗ دﺎﻤﺘﻋا ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ و ﻪﻓﺮﺣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ

) ،ﻪﻤﯾﺰﺧ جﺎﺣ و ﯽﻟﺎﻤﮐﺮﯿﻣ 1397

.(

ﺰﮐاﺮﻣ ،ﻦﯿﺑ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ

ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ شزﻮﻣآ ﯽﻟﻮﺘﻣ دﻮﺧ ﺎﻬﻧآ نﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻞﺴﻧ

ﺎﻫ ي يﺪﻌﺑ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺶﻘﻧ زا ، وﯾ

هﮋ ا ي ،ﺪﻧرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ رد ﻦﯾازا

ور هﺎﮕﯾﺎﺟ ﻦﯾا ﺐﺟﻮﻣ

ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ﻪﮐ ﮥﻟﻮﻘﻣ قﻼﺧا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻌﻣ رد صﻮﺼﺧ

ﻦﯾا رد رﺎﮐ قﻼﺧا و نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ قﻼﺧا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺎﻫ اﺪﻨﻤﺸﯾﺪﻧا ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ و ن

ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ناﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺻﺮﻋ ﺎﻫ ي ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ ﯽﻗﻼﺧا و ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﯽﻨﯾد

.دﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ هزوﺮﻣا

ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﻫ ،ﺖﺳا هزﻮﺣ ﻦﯾا رد ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ و ﯽﺧﺎﺘﺴﮔ ،يرﺎﮑﺒﯾﺮﻓ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ سراﺪﻣ رد ﻟﺎﺣرد

ﯽ ﻪﮐ قﻼﺧا ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ

ﻪﮐ ﯽﻗﻼﺧا ،ﺖﺳا هﺪﻧﺎﻣ لﻮﻔﻐﻣ نﺎﯿﻣ ﻦﯾا رد يرﺎﮐ ﯽﮔﺪﻧز رد ﯽﺳﺎﺳا ﻞﺻا ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ

ﻄﺳاو ﮥ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ تﻼﻀﻌﻣ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ نآ ﺪﺷر

ﺤﻣ ﯿ ﻂ ﺎﻫ ي ﻦﯿﺑ زا ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻧور ﺲﮑﻟﺎﻫ و ﺪﻠﺒﯾر) ،2

2018 .(

عﻮﺿﻮﻣ قﻼﺧا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي و ﻢﯿـﻠﻌﺗ رد ﺖﺳا ﻢﻬﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ

؛ ﮏﯾ ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ

ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي ا ﺖﺳ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺑ تﺪﺷ ﺮﯿﮔرد ﺚﺤﺑ ﺎﻫ و ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻬﯾﺪﺑ و ﺖﺳا ﯽﻗﻼﺧا ﻔﺘﻣ ،قﻼﺧا ﻦﯾا تﺎﯿﻀﺘﻘﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا

زا توﺎ

وﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي رد ﯽﻗﻼﺧا ﺮﯾﺎﺳ

ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﺖﺳﺎﻫ

؛ اﺮﭼ ﻪﮐ توﺎـﻔﺘﻣ ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻣ ﺖﯿﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ

، ﻞـﻤﻋ ﺑ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﺮﻫ رد ﯽﻗﻼﺧا ﺎ

نآ ﺖﯿﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ

ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ،ﯽﺟوﺎﺒﯾد و يﺮﯿﻣا ،يﺪﺋﺎﻗ) 1392

.(

ﺞﯾوﺮﺗ جﺎﺘﺤﻣ ،دﻮﺷ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ زا ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ مﺎﻈﻧ

ﺑﺮﺛا و ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ رد قﻼﺧا ﺶﺨ

ﻤﻫ ﮥ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ نﺎﮐرا ﻪﺑ

وﯾ هﮋ ) ﺖﺳا نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ،ﻪﻤﯾﺰﺧ جﺎﺣ و ﯽﻟﺎﻤﮐﺮﯿﻣ

1397 ﺮﻤﯿﯾﻮﺷ و لﻮﺴﮑﻣ .(

3 ) 2016 نﺎﯿﺑ (

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧراد ﯽﺋﺰﺟ قﻼﺧا ﻪﮐ اﺪﺟ

ﯽﯾ ﺬﭘﺎﻧ ﯾﺮ زا ﻓﺮﺣ ﮥ ﺮﺑ و ؛ﺖﺳا ﯽﻤﻠﻌﻣ اﯾ

ﻦ ) ﯽﻤﯿﻠﺳ ،سﺎﺳا 1395

نﺎﯿﺑ دﻮﺧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ رد ﺰﯿﻧ ( ﻣ

ﯽ دراد ﻪﮐ

روﺮﺿ ي ﺖﺳا داﺮﻓا ي ﻪﮐ رد ﻠﻌﺗ ﯿ ﻢ شزﻮﻣآ و ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ داﺮﻓا

،ﺪﻧراد ﺶﻘﻧ رد

ﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮥ لوا ﺎﻇو ﯾ ﻒ ﻗﻼﺧا ﯽ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ دﻮﺧ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﺳﺎﻨﺸﺑ ار

ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﻠﻐﺷ ﯽ دﻮﺧ نوﺪﺑ ار ﻧﯿ زﺎ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻇﺎﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﮔﺮﻫ ﺟرﺎﺧ

ﯽ ﻪﺑ ﺑﻮﺧ ﯽ مﺎﺠﻧا رد و ؛ﺪﻨﻫد ﻠﺣﺮﻣ

ﮥ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻣ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﺟ

ﯾ هﺎﮕ ﻠﻐﺷ ﯽ دﻮﺧ

ﻇو ﯿ ﮥﻔ ﺑﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺖ ﻗﻼﺧا ﯽ داﺮﻓا ار ﻢﻫ راد هﺪﻬﻋ ﻪﺑ

،ﺪﻧ ﻦﯾازا ور اﺮﺑ ي مﺎﺠﻧا اﯾ ﻦ ﻇو ﯿ ﻪﻔ اﺪﺘﺑا دﻮﺧ ﺎﺑﯾ ﺪ ﻪﺑ مﺰﺘﻠﻣ قﻼﺧا ﻠﻤﻋ ﯽ ﯽﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ سراﺪﻣ رد شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺑ

ناﻮﻨﻋ ﮏﯾ زﻮﺣ ة ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي ﻪﺑ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ا ي ،يدﺮﻓ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ

ا ي نﺎﯿﻣ ﻦﯾا رد ؛دراد ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ و

زا نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ يرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻠﺑﺎﻗ

ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ و ﺣﻼﺻ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي ﻟا و ﺖﯾﺎﻋر ﻪﺑ نﺎﻧآ ماﺰ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ

ا ي يﺎﻫدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا و لﻮﺻا زا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ

ا ي رد ، ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

ﺶﻘﻧ ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ ﻌﺗ

ﯿﯿ ﻦ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا رد و ﻟﺎﻌﻓ

ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ،ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻃ ﻪﺷ و ﯽﻤﯾﺮﮐ ،ﺦﯾﺎﺸﻣ) دراد يﺮﻓاو ﺶﻘﻧ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ 2019

.(

نﻮﻟﺎﻣ

4 ) 2020 ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ( ﺖﺳا

قﻼﺧا ﻪﮐ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ

ا ي ﻓا ار نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﯽﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا و ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ ﺶﯾاﺰ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد .

ﻓﺮﺣ ﮥ ،ﯽﻤﻠﻌﻣ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ نﺎﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ و نﺎﮐدﻮﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و نآ ﺖﯿﻫﺎﻣ رﺎﮐوﺮﺳ

ﺮﻣز رد ،دراد ة

ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﺎﻫ ي قﻼﺧا ﻪﺑ سﺎﺴﺣ ﻪﺑ

رﺎﻤﺷ

ﻣ ﯽ دور رﺎﻈﺘﻧا . ﺶﻧاد زﻮﻣآ درﻮﻣ رد نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺰﯿﻧ و نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ زا نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ،ﻦﯾﺪﻟاو ،نا ﻓﺮﺣ

ﮥ ﺪﻧراد دﻮﺧ ة ﻼﺧا ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ق

ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي ار نﺎﻧآ ﭘﯿ ﭽ ﯿ هﺪ ﺮﺗ ﺮﮕﯾد ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻣ يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ زا ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ

) ﺖﺳا ،ﯽﺟوﺎﺒﯾد و يﺮﯿﻣا ،يﺪﺋﺎﻗ 1392

قﻼﺧا ﯽﻧﺎﺒﻣ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ .(

ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي ،ﯽﻤﻠﻌﻣ

ﻪﺑ ،لوا .ﺪﻧاﺪﺑ ﯽﻗﻼﺧا لﻮﺻا ﺖﯾﺎﻋر ﻪﺑ مﺰﻠﻣ ار دﻮﺧ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﺪﻌﺑ ود رد ﻢﻠﻌﻣ ﮏﯾ ﺐﺒﺳ

رﺎﮑﻓا و رﺎﺘﻓر ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ يراﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ هﺎﮕﯾﺎﺟ ﺶﻧاد

زﻮﻣآ

،دراد نا

ﯽﻗﻼﺧا ﻞﯾﺎﻀﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺳارآ ار دﻮﺧ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﮐ

لﺎﻘﺘﻧا رد شور ﻦﯾﺮﺗﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺪﻧاﺪﺑ و شزرا

ﺎﻫ ي رﺎﮑﺷآ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﯽﻗﻼﺧا آ نﺪﺷ

ﺎﻬﻧ دﻮﺧ ﯽﻌﻗاو رﺎﺘﻓر رد

ﻪﺑ ،مود ؛ﺖﺳا ﺐﺒﺳ

ﻇو ﯿ ﻪﻔ ا ي ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ندروآﺮﺑ لﺎﺒﻗ رد ﻪﮐ ﺶﻧاد

زﻮﻣآ مﺎﺠﻧا رد ﯽﻗﻼﺧا لﻮﺻا يﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ﺖﯾﺎﻋر ﺎﺑ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ،دراد نا

1.Kumar

2. Reybold, Halx

3.Maxwell, Schwimmer

4.Malone

(6)

ﻒﯾﺎﻇو ﺣ ﻪﻓﺮ ا ي ، ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ،ﯽﯾﺎﺑﺎﺑﺎﻗآ و ﯽﻤﯿﺣر) ﺪﻧﺎﺳر مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺑ ﻮﺤﻧ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ ار دﻮﺧ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ 1392

يﺮﺑﺪﯿﭼ و سﻮﺘﺴﺟ ،ارﻮﯿﺑا .(

1

) 2019 نﺎﯿﺑ ( ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧراد قﻼﺧا ﻪﮐ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ

ا ي ﻪﮐ ،ﺖﺳا ﮏﯿﮑﻔﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد قﻼﺧا و ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ رد قﻼﺧا ﺶﺨﺑ ود رد ﯽﻤﻠﻌﻣ رد ﻪﺑ

ﺮﻈﻧ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺳر نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ رد ﯾﺎﭘ

ﮥ قﻼﺧا رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ رد ﮓﻧرﺮﭘ

ﺮﺗ ي ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ،ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ رد قﻼﺧا .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد عﻮﺿﻮﻣ

ﺎﻫ ي طﻮﺑﺮﻣ

،رﺎﺘﻓر ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ و ﻪﯿﺒﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

يﺎﻫ و ﯽﻗﻮﻘﺣ ،ﯽﻗﻼﺧا يدازآ ،ﻢﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ

ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا دﺎﻤﺘﻋا ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ و ﯽﮐﺮﻓ لﻼﻘﺘﺳا ، و رﻮﭘﺮﺒﻨﻗ)

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 1398

.(

ﯽﻧﺎﻤﯾا ) رﻮﭘ 1390 ﺰﯿﻧ ( يزﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ ﺶﻧاد

زﻮﻣآ طﺎﺒﺗرا ،نا ﺑ

ﯽ ﻪﻧﺎﻓﺮﻃ ﺶﻧاد ﺎﺑ ماﺮﺘﺣا ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ماﺮﺘﺣا ،يرادزار ،نازﻮﻣآ

ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺷزرا ،اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻂﻠﺴﺗ ،ﻪﺳرﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻧاد

زﻮﻣآ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ار شزﻮﻣآ لﻮﺻا ﻪﺑ ﻂﻠﺴﺗ و نا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ

ﺎﻫ ي قﻼﺧا ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ

ا ي ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ

ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ رد ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ . ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ،لﺎﺣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ قﻼﺧا ﺶﻘﻧ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا

ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ (هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد و سراﺪﻣ) نﺎﺳرﺪﻣ و نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ رد يدﺎﯾز

رد

ﻦﯾا ﻪﻨﯿﻣز زا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هﺪﯿﺳر مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺑ ﻠﻤﺟ

ﮥ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻣ ﯽ ناﻮﺗ ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و رﻮﭘﺮﺒﻨﻗ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ 1398

فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ( ﺋارا

ﮥ قﻼﺧا يﻮﮕﻟا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ

ا ي

) ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻃ هﺎﺷ و ﯽﻤﯾﺮﮐ ،ﺦﯾﺎﺸﻣ ؛نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ 2019

فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ( ﺳآ

ﯿ ﺐ ﺎﻨﺷ ﺳ ﯽ قﻼﺧا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي ﯿﻫ يﺎﻀﻋا ﺄ

ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ت هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد

ﺎﻫ ؛ و ﯽﻋﺎﺘﻣ ﻦﯾزﺮﮔ

) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 2017

فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ( ﺋارا

ﮥ لﺪﻣ قﻼﺧا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي رد تﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣ شزﻮﻣآ

ﻟﺎﻋ ﯽ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا و ﯽﺣﺎﺒﺼﻣ و ؛

سﺎﺒﻋ ) هداز 1392 فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ (

ﺋارا ﮥ قﻼﺧا ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳ يﻮﮕﻟا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ

ا ي ﯽﻟﺎﻋ شزﻮﻣآ رد هرﺎﺷا

ﺮﮐ د يوﺮﺗ . )2

2018 ﺎﯿﺑ ( ن ﻣ ﯽ دراد ياﺮﺑ شﻼﺗ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ

يا يزﺎﺳ

سراﺪﻣ رد ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ ﻪﺑ

ﻄﺳاو ﮥ ﮏﯾ ﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﯾﻪ راﺬﮔ ي و يﺪﺟ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ نﺎﻤﺘﻔﮔ و ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﺶﻧاد ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ يﺎﺘﺳار رد نﺎﮑﻣا

ﺬﭘ ﯾﺮ ﻪﮐ ،ﺖﺳا

ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﻨﯿﻣز .ﺖﺳا هزﻮﺣ ﻦﯾا رد نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻒﯾﺎﻇو زا نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﯽﻗﻼﺧا يﺎﻫﺪﮐ ﻒﺸﮐ

ﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﮥ ﯿﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ نﺎﯿﺑ ار ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ و ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺗ و ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ﻦ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ ﯿﺑﺮﺗ و ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺗ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ ؛ ﺖ

ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ﻮﻗ ي ﺮﺗ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ،ﺪﻨﮐ ﻞﻤﻋ

ﺰﯿﻧ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ نآ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ و شزرو ﻮﻗ

ي ﺮﺗ ) ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﻬﺑ و ،يﺪﻧرز ﯽﻧﺎﻄﻠﺳرﻮﭘ و يﺮﻔﻈﻣ

1386 ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘﺳد .(

ﺑ زا ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ و ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺗ فاﺪﻫا ﻪ

ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﻨﺗ و ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻆﻔﺣ و ﯽﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ﯽﺘﺳر

ﺶﻧاد زﻮﻣآ ،نا ﻔﯿﻇو ﮥ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا يراﻮﺷد ﻬﻋ

ﺪ ة ﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ناﺮﯿﺑد راد راﺮﻗ ﯽﻧ

.د

ﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ و بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ياراد ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ دﻮﺧ ،فاﺪﻫا ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﻞﯿﻧ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻬﯾﺪﺑ ا زا ﯽ

ﻨﺷﺎﺑ قﻼﺧ ﺪ.

نﺎﮕﻤﻫ ﺮﺑ

يزﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﯿﺑﺮﺗ مﺎﻈﻧ رد يرﻮﺤﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا رﺎﮑﺷآ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺶﻘﻧ ؛ د

ا و ﺶﻧا رو تﺎﻋﻼﻃ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺷز

دﻮﺧ ﺶﻘﻧ يﺎﻔﯾا رد نﺎﻧآ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ،ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ناﺮﯿﮔاﺮﻓ ار نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا ﻦﯾا ﺪﯾﺎﺑ

ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧروآ دﻮﺟو ﻤﻫ

ﮥ ﺶﻧاد زﻮﻣآ .ﺪﻨﺳﺮﺑ دﻮﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻞﯿﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘ ﻪﺑ نا

ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﮔآﺮﯿﻏ ﺎﯾ ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﮔآ نﺎﻧآ يرﺎﺘﻓر لﺪﻣ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺪﯿﻠﻘﺗ درﻮﻣ ﺶﻧاد

زﻮﻣآ اﺮﻗ نا دﺮﯿﮔ ر ﯿﻤﺼﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺎﯾ و ﺗ نﺎﻧآ تﺎﻤ

دراﺬﮕﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄ .

قﻼﺧا

نﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﺋﺰﺟ ﻪﮐ ﮑﻔﺗ

ﯿ ﮏ ﺬﭘﺎﻧ ﯾﺮ و ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ زا ﻓﺮﺣ

ﮥ زا ﻢﻬﻣ ﯽﺸﺨﺑ ،ﺖﺳا ﯽﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻧﺪﺑ

ﮥ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ و شزرو ﺑ

ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﻧﺪ ﺖﺳا ؛ ازا ﻦﯾ ور و نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ

هﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﯾا زا ﺰﯿﻧ شزرو ناﺮﯿﺑد ﺎﻨﺜﺘﺴﻣ

لﺎﺣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ﻟﻮﻘﻣ

ﮥ قﻼﺧا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي زا ﺮﺸﻗ ﻦﯾا رد ﻣ

ﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ نﺎﻤﻠﻌ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟ

ﺎﻬﻧآ ﯽﺳﺎﺳا

ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﺎﭘﯾ ﻪ ﺎﻫ ي و ﺪﺷر ﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﮥ ﯽﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ و يﺮﮑﻓ ،ﯽﺣور ﺶﻧاد

زﻮﻣآ ،نا هﮋﯾو ﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺳر لﺎﺣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ . ﻪﺑ

ﺮﻈﻧ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺳر . دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زﻮﻨﻫ ،سراﺪﻣ رد ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ سرد ﺖﯿﻤﻫا يدﺎﯾز

قﻼﺧا ﺖﯾرﻮﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ

ا ي ﻧا ﻪﺑ هزﻮﺣ ﻦﯾا رد ﻧ مﺎﺠ

هﺪﯿﺳﺮ د و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻦﯾا ر

ﻸﺧ .دراد دﻮﺟو ﯽﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯽﻓﺮﻃ زا

ﺎﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ هﺎﮕﯾﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻻاو

ي رد شزرو رﻮﺸﮐ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ مﺎﻈﻧ

ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ، ﺗ

ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮ ﺎﭘﯾ ﻪر ﯾﺰ ي يﺎﻫداﺪﻌﺘﺳا

سراﺪﻣ زا رﻮﺸﮐ ﯽﺷزرو

، رﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﻣ ﯽ دور قﻼـﺧا ﺚـﺤﺒﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ

ا ي رد شزرو ﻪﺑ وﯾ هﮋ رد ﻌﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار ﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ناﺮﯿﺑد و نﺎﻤﻠ

ﻪﮐ ﯽﻧ

يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ﺶﻧاد زﻮﻣآ نا ﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺪ،

درﻮـﻣ رﺎﯿـﺴﺑ ﮐﺄﺗ

ﯿﺪ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺋارا ﮥ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ي قﻼﺧا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي و ﻣز ﯿ ﻪﻨ ﺎﻫ ي ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ رد نآ ،ﯽﻧﺪﺑ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ناﺰﯾر ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ،ناراﺬﮕﺘﺳﺎﯿﺳ ﻪﺑ رد

و ﻦﯿﺑ فﺎﮑﺷ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ياﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ تﺎﻤﯿﻤﺼﺗ ذﺎﺨﺗا ﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﺿ

بﻮﻠﻄﻣ و د قﻼﺧا

ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي ﻧآ .ﺪﻧﺎﺳر يرﺎﯾ نﺎ ﻦﯾازا

ور ﺋارا ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا فﺪﻫ ﮥ

ﯽﻤﯾادارﺎﭘ لﺪﻣ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ

قﻼﺧا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي ﯿﺑﺮﺗ ناﺮﯿﺑد ﺪﻣ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖ

رﻮﺸﮐ سرا

ﺖﺳا .

1.Obiora, Justus, Chidiebere

2. Troy

(7)

شور ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

دﺮﮑﯾور ﺎﺑ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا مﺎﻈﻧ

ﺪﻨﻣ ﯾﺮﻈﻧ ﮥ هداد دﺎﯿﻨﺑ دارﺎﭘ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻢﯾادارﺎﭘ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ؛ﺪﯿﺳر مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺑ1

ﻢﯾا

ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺖﺳا يﺮﯿﺴﻔﺗ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﻪﺑ

ﻪﺑ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻞﮑﺷ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ﻮﮕﻟا ﮏﯾ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ هداد ﺎﻫ ي ﻞﮐ ﻪﺑ ءﺰﺟ زا ﺪﻨﻣرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺖﺳا

دﺮﮑﯾور زا ،

سواﺮﺘﺳا و ﻦﯿﺑرﻮﮐ رد2

هداد ﮥﯾﺮﻈﻧ هﺮﻬﺑ دﺎﯿﻨﺑ

ﻣ ﯽ ﮔﯿ دﺮ شور . هداد دﺎﯿﻨﺑ

ًﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ دﺮﮑﯾور ﻪﺳ ﺎﺑ مﺎﻈﻧ

ﺪﻨﻣ ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا اﺮﮔازﺎﺳ و ﻪﺘﺳﺎﺧﻮﻧ ، ﻣ

ﯽ ددﺮﮔ ﻪﮐ

ﯽﻠﺻا مﺎﮔ ﻪﺳ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ زﺎﺑ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ

يرﻮﺤﻣ ،3

ﯽﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا و4

،ﯽﺻﻼﺧا و هﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﮐ،يرﺪﻧاﻮﯾد) ﺖﺳا5

2013 .(

ﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﮥ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يرﺎﻣآ نادﺎﺘﺳا

ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﺮﻈﻧ رد بﺮﺠﻣ و زﻮﺣ

ة رد ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ياراد ﻪﮐ يداﺮﻓا) ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زﻮﺣ

ة قﻼﺧا

ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي دﻮﺑ ﺪﻧ ﺮﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ فاﺮﺷا و زﻮﺣ

ة آ رد نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ يدﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ (ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد شروﺮﭘ و شزﻮﻣ

ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ؛ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي شور زا ﺰﯿﻧ

ﻪﻟﻮﻠﮔ ﯽﻓﺮﺑ عﺎﺟرا)6

ﺠﻧز ﯿ هﺮ ا ي ﻪﻤﯿﻧ عﻮﻧ زا ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد هداد يروآدﺮﮔ شور و راﺰﺑا .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ هﺮﻬﺑ ( ﺖﺧﺎﺳ

.دﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ

ﺎﻫ

؛ﺪﻨﺘﻓر ﺶﯿﭘ يﺮﻈﻧ عﺎﺒﺷا ﺎﺗ ﻦﯾﺪﺑ

زا ﻪﮐ ترﻮﺻ ﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ

ﮥ رد ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻫدزﺎﯾ ﺎﺼﻣ

ﻪﺒﺣ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫراﺮﮑﺗ زا و ،ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ حﻮﺿو

ﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﮥ

ﯽﺘﻓﺎﯾرد تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ،ﻢﻫدزاود

ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ لﺎﺣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ ؛ﺖﺷاد ﯽﻧﺎﺷﻮﭙﻤﻫ ﯽﻠﺒﻗ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺎﺑ ياﺮﺑ

زا نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا ﻄﻘﻧ

ﮥ ياﺮﺟا ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ،يﺮﻈﻧ عﺎﺒﺷا

ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﺗ ﮥ .ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﻣادا ﻢﻫدﺰﯿﺳ

ﯽﯾاور ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ رد

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﻫ ي دﺮﮑﯾور ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ هداد

ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺒﻘﻣ رﺎﯿﻌﻣ زا ،دﺎﯿﻨﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا7

ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ) سواﺮﺘﺳا و ﻦﯿﺑرﻮﮐ . 2008

هد (

ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺒﻘﻣ رﺎﯿﻌﻣ ياﺮﺑ ار ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ دﺮﮐ

ﻪﻠﻤﺟ نآ زا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧ ﻣ

ﯽ ناﻮﺗ مﺎﺠﺴﻧا ،ﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺖﯿﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻪﺑ شور

ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ ،

هرﺎﺷا ﻦﯿﻌﻠﻄﻣ درﻮﺧزﺎﺑ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و ،ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﮏﯾ نﺪﺷ راﺮﮑﺗ ،ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ندﻮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﺮﮐ

د ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و مﺪﻘﻣ) 1395

ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .(

ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

زا ﺮﻔﻧ رﺎﻬﭼ رﺎﯿﺘﺧا رد ﻮﮕﻟا ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘﺳد ﺐﺣﺎﺻ

ناﺮﻈﻧ ةزﻮﺣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ؛ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﺮﺑ داﺮﻓا ﻦﯾا ﯾ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ي .ﺖﺷاﺬﮔ ﺖﺤﺻ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

زا ﯽﮑﯾ شور ﺎﻫ ي رد ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﺎﻫ ي ﯿﮐ ﯽﺳﺮﺑﺎﺴﺣ شور ،ﯽﻔ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺖﺳا8

ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ياﺮﺟا

ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و تﺎﻤﯿﻤﺼﺗ هداد

ﺎﻫ ي ،مﺎﺧ ﻠﺤﺗ ﯿ ﻞ هﺪﺷ ،ﺎﻫﺪﮐ ، ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﺎﻫ ، ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ و ﻪﯿﻟوا فاﺪﻫا ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ لاﺆﺳ

ﺎﻫ زا ﻦﺗ ود رﺎﯿﺘﺧا رد

ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ناﺮﻈﻧ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ،ﻖﯿﻗد ﯽﺳﺮﺑﺎﺴﺣ ﺎﺑ و ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ مﺎﮔ

ﺎﻫ ي هدﻮﻤﯿﭘ هﺪﺷ ﺄﺗ ﯿﯾ ﺪ .ﺪﺷ ياﺮﺑ راﺰﺑا ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ زا نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا هوﻼﻋ

ﯽﺳﺮﺑﺎﺴﺣ شور ﺮﺑ

.ﺪﺷ هدﺮﺑ هﺮﻬﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ (ﯽﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ نورد) ﯽﻧورد ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ شور زا ﻦﯾﺪﺑ

ﻦﻤﺿ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﮥﺋارا

شزﻮﻣآ ﺎﻫ ي مزﻻ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ

ﺎﻫ ﻦﺗ ود زا

زا ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ناﺮﻈﻧ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ ﺖﺳاﻮﺧرد ﻪﺑ

ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻪﺳ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﻪﺑ ،راﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﻪﺑ

ترﻮﺻ ﺗ ماﺪﻗا ،ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺶﻨﯾﺰﮔ ﯽﻓدﺎﺼ ﻨﻨﮐ

ﺪ ناﺰﯿﻣ .

يﺎﻫﺪﮐ ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ و ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺮﻫ رد ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ نورد

لوﺪﺟ رد ،(ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ) ﯽﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ 1

.ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا

لوﺪﺟ 1 . ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ راﺰﺑا ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ نورد

ﯽﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ

ﻒﯾدر ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﻫﺪﮐ ﻞﮐ

تﺎﻘﻓاﻮﺗ نﻮﻣزآزﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ

1 مود

46 39

85 / 0

2 ﻢﺘﺸﻫ

53 45

85 / 0

3 ﻢﻫدزﺎﯾ

50 40

80 / 0

ﻞﮐ 199

149 124

1. Grounded Theory

2. Corbin & Strauss

3. Open Coding

4. Axial Coding

5. Selective Coding

6. Snowball Sampling

7. Acceptability

8. Audit process

(8)

يﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﻧورد ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ،دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ ﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ 60

ﺪﺻرد ،ﻦﯿﺑرﻮﮐ و سواﺮﺘﺳا) دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ راﺰﺑا ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯿﺑ 2011

ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،(

لوﺪﺟ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ 1

نﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد ﻪﮐ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ ي مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻟﻮﺒﻗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ زا .ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ رادرﻮﺧ

ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

شور رد مﺎﮔ ﻦﯿﻟوا مﺎﻈﻧ

ﺪﻨﻣ ،ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﯾا رد .ﺖﺳا زﺎﺑ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ هداد

ﺎﻫ ي زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ

ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻫﺪﮐ و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﻗد ) ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ ،ﺎ

ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﺎﻫ ي

و ،(ﯽﻋﺮﻓ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ

ﺎﻫ ي ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﯽﻠﺻا ﺪﺷ

ﻫ رد هﺪﺷﺎﺼﺣا يﺎﻫﺪﮐ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺮﻫ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﺲﭘ سﺎﺳا ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ .ﺪﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺮ

ﯾ ﻣ ﺮﮕﯾﺪﮑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ

ﺎﺗ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﺎﻫ و توﺎﻔﺗ ﺎﻫ ﯾ نﺎﺸ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻮﺷ د . ﻦﯾازا ور ﺎﻫﺪﮐ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ راﺮﻗ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﮏﯾ رد ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﺘﻓﺮﮔ

ﺪﻨ و ) مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻟﻮﻘﻣ

ﮥ ﺮﻓ ار (ﯽﻋ ﮑﺸﺗ ﻞﯿ

.ﺪﻧداد ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ يﺎﻫﺪﮐ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ لﺎﺜﻣ

» ﺰﯿﮕﻧا ة ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ سرد ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ مزﻻ

« ، » ﻨﺗوﺮﻓ ،ﻊﺿاﻮﺗ زا ﺰﯿﻫﺮﭘ و ﯽ

ﺗ ﺑدﻮﺧ و ﺮﺒﮑ ﻨﯿﺑﺮﺗﺮ

ﯽ

« ،

و

» ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯿ ﺖ ﺬﭘ ﯾﺮ ي ﺢﯿﺤﺻ شزﻮﻣآ رد ترﺎﻬﻣ

ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺷزرو

« ، اد كﺮﺘﺸﻣ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ هرﺎﺷا ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ؛ﺪﻧر

ﮐ رﻮﮐﺬﻣ يﺎﻫﺪ

مﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﮐ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ

» وﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺘﯿﺼﺨﺷ) يدﺮﻓ («

ار ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﯽﻃ .ﺪﻧداد ﯾاﺮﻓ

ﺪﻨ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﺑ

وﮋﭘ رد زﺎ ﺶﻫ

عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ 506

ﻬﻔﻣ ﺪﮐ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد نوﺪﺑ ﯽﻣﻮ ﻧﺎﺷﻮﭙﻤﻫ

ﯽ ﺎﻫ ) 74 ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺎﺑ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﺎﺷﻮﭙﻤﻫ

ﻧ ﯽ ﺎﻫ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ( ﺪﻧﺪﺷ

و 16

(ﯽﻋﺮﻓ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ) مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ار

ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ رد .ﺪﻧداد ﻠﺣﺮﻣ

ﮥ ،يرﻮﺤﻣ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ و مود ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ

ﺎﻫ ي ﻋ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ) ﯽﻠﺻا ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ،ﯽﻠ

ﻠﺧاﺪﻣ ﻪ ﺮﮔ ،ﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ،

(ﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ و ،ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ

ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد رﻮﺤﻣ ) ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﺲﭙﺳ و هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓ

ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ (ﯽﻋﺮﻓ تﺎﮐاﺮﺘﺷا ﻪ

و ﯽﻨﮕﻤﻫ ﺎﯾ و

ﻢﻫ ،ﻦﯿﺑرﻮﮐ و سواﺮﺘﺳا) ﯽﯾﺎﻨﻌﻣ 2011

لوﺪﺟ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هداد طﺎﺒﺗرا ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻪﺑ ( 2

ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯿﺑ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﺎﻫ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ زا جﺮﺨﺘﺴﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﮐ و ،ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ ،

.ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ يرﻮﺤﻣ و زﺎﺑ

لوﺪﺟ 2 . ؛زﺎﺑ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ

زﺎﺳ ي ﻫﺪﮐ و ﻪﯿﻟوا يﺎ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ

ﺪﻨﺑ ي ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ

ﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﮥ ﯽﻋﺮﻓ

(ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ) ﻪﯿﻟوا يﺎﻫﺪﮐ

وﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي يدﺮﻓ

(ﯽﺘﯿﺼﺨﺷ) ﻌﺳ

ﮥ و رﺪﺻ شﻮﺧ ﻘﻠﺧ ﯽ ﺶﻧاد ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا و شزﻮﻣآ رد نازﻮﻣآ

ﯿﺣور ﮥ و ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣﺎﻧ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد يرﺎﺑدﺮﺑ رﺎﺠﻨﻫﺎﻧ

ي ﺎﻫ ي ﺶﻧاد نازﻮﻣآ

ﺰﯿﮕﻧا ة ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ سرد ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ مزﻻ

ﭘ و ﯽﻨﺗوﺮﻓ ،ﻊﺿاﻮﺗ ﯽﻨﯿﺑﺮﺗﺮﺑدﻮﺧ و ﺮﺒﮑﺗ زا ﺰﯿﻫﺮ

ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯿ ﺖ ﺬﭘ ﯾﺮ ي ﺢﯿﺤﺻ شزﻮﻣآ رد ترﺎﻬﻣ

ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ يﺮﯿﺑد ﻞﻐﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧورد هﺰﯿﮕﻧا و ﻪﻗﻼﻋ سرد ﻞﺼﻓﺮﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧاﺪﻬﻌﺘﻣ شﺮﮕﻧ دﻮﺟو

دﻮﺟو شزرا ﺎﻫ رد ﯽﺼﺨﺷ يﺎﻫروﺎﺑ و هﺮﻬﺑ

ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ﻬﺟ رد ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ يﺮﯿﺑد ﻞﻐﺷ زا ﺖ

ﺖﻣﺪﺧ ﻧﺎﺳر ﯽ ﻪﺑ

ﻣﺎﺟ ﻪﻌ

ﻪﺑ يﺪﻨﺒﯾﺎﭘ شزرا ﺎﻫ ي رد ﯽﻨﯿﺑزﺎﺑ و ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا شزرا

ﺎﻫ ي ضرﺎﻌﺘﻣ يدﺮﻓ

دﻮﺒﻧ رﺎﮐ ضرﺎﻌﺗ - هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ

دﻮﺒﻧ ﯽﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻞﻐﺷ ﻪﺑ يدﺎﻣ هﺎﮕﻧ

و دﻮﺧ رد ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ ﯽﻟﺎﻌﺗ و ﺲﻔﻧ ﺐﯾﺬﻬﺗ ﺪﺷر ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺶﻧاد

نازﻮﻣآ

زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ لد ﮔدز ﯽ ﺶﻧاد زﻮﻣآ و شزرو ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ نا ﻟﺎﻌﻓ

ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي رد ﯽﻌﺳ و ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ

ﺪﻨﻣ ندﺮﮐ ﺎﻬﻧآ

وﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﺶﻧاد طﺎﺒﺗرا دﺎﺠﯾا نﺎﮑﻣا

آ سﻼﮐ زا جرﺎﺧ يﺎﻀﻓ رد ﻢﻠﻌﻣ ﺎﺑ نازﻮﻣ

راﺮﺳا ﻆﻔﺣ ﺶﻧاد نازﻮﻣآ

ﺎﺑ درﻮﺧﺮﺑ رد ﺖﺴﯾﺎﺷﺎﻧ يﺎﻫﺰﻨﻃ و ﯽﺧﻮﺷ زا ﺰﯿﻫﺮﭘ و ،ﺖﮐاﺰﻧ و بدا ،بادآ ﺖﯾﺎﻋر ﻧاد

ﺶ نازﻮﻣآ

ترﺎﻬﻣ و ﺶﻧاد ندﻮﺑ اراد ناور

ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ ﺧﺮﺑ رد مزﻻ ﺎﺑ درﻮ ﺶﻧاد زﻮﻣآ نا

ماﺮﺘﺣا و دﺎﻤﺘﻋا ﺐﻠﺟ ﺶﻧاد

زﻮﻣآ نا

ﺶﻫﻮﮑﻧ و ﻪﯿﺒﻨﺗ زا ﺰﯿﻫﺮﭘ ﺶﻧاد

زﻮﻣآ ياﺮﺟا ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ مﺪﻋ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ نا ترﺎﻬﻣ

ﻦﯾﺪﻟاو ﺎﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ كرد و طﺎﺒﺗرا دﺎﺠﯾا ﺶﻧاد

زﻮﻣآ نا