ㄽᩥ
ౣੀࢊࠁ଼ۯࡉ
ɖġ
ఊനġ ġ ġ
ˌȅ੬ġ
ᮏ✏ࡣࠊㄒᙧᡂ㸦word formation㸧ࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡿ▷⦰㸦ࡲࡓࡣ┬␎㸧㸦abbreviation, shortening, clipping㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡿࠋከ㡢⠇ㄒࡸ」ྜㄒ㸦compound㸧ࡢ㢌㒊ࠊ୰㒊ࠊᑿ㒊࡞ࢆ┬␎ࡋ࡚▷
࠸ㄒࢆసࡿ▷⦰࠸࠺ㄒᙧᡂ㐣⛬ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡣࠊヰࡋゝⴥ̿̿≉ࠊㄒࡸ௰㛫࠺ࡕࡢ㞃ㄒ̿̿࠾࠸
࡚ከࡃࡳࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣࠊࡏࢃࡋ࡞࠸ୡࢆᫎࡋ࡚ࠊ᭩ࡁゝⴥ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡈ ࡃᬑ㏻ࠊࡑࡋ࡚㢖⦾⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࠕᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡸࢫ࣐࣮ࢺࣇ࢛࡛ࣥࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆぢ࡚ࠊ 㟁Ꮚ࣓࣮ࣝࢆ㏦ࡿࠖࡣࠕᦠᖏࡸࢫ࣐࡛࣍ࢿࢵࢺࢆぢ࡚ࠊ࣓࣮ࣝࢆ㏦ࡿࠖ࠸ࡗࡓලྜ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ␎ࡉ࡞
ࡅࢀࡤࡴࡋࢁ⮬↛ឤࡌࡿ␎ㄒࡀᾐ㏱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓㄒࡢ▷⦰ᙧ㸦clipped form㸧 ࡣࠊ༢Ⓨヰ࣭⾲グ㸦ධຊ㸧ࡢ㛫ࡀ▷ࡃ࡚῭ࡴ࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᵝࠎ࡞ࡇ̿̿ゝㄒⓗࠊᩥⓗࠊ ⱁ⾡ⓗ࡞ࡇ࡞̿̿ࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡼ࠸ᡭࡀࡾࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࠋ
ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡎ➨1⠇࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ▷⦰㐣⛬ࢆㄽࡌࡿ㝿ࡣྍḞ࡞㡩ᚊ༢࣭ᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࣇࢵࢺ㸦foot㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊⱥㄒࡢࣇࢵࢺ㛵㐃ࡅ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㏙࡚࠸ࡃࠋ➨2⠇࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ」ྜ
ㄒࡸྃࡢ▷⦰ᙧࢆㄽࡌࡘࡘࠊࡑࡢᙧᡂ࠾࠸࡚ࣇࢵࢺࡀ࠸㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡍࢆゎㄝࡍࡿࠋ➨
3⠇࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࣇࢵࢺࡀ⏕ࡳฟࡍ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࣜࢬ࣒ゐࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ➨4⠇࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㛗࠸እ᮶ ㄒ̿̿ࡓࡔࡋࠊ」ྜㄒ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ༢⣧ㄒ1 ̿̿ࡢ┬␎ᙧ㛵ࡍࡿἲ๎࣭ไ⣙ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊඛ⾜◊✲ࡢၥ 㢟Ⅼࡶᣦࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࠕ࣮࣡ࢻ㺃ࣉࣟࢭࢵࢧ࣮ࠖЍࠕ࣮࣡ࣉࣟࠖࡢࡼ࠺ࠊཎㄒࡀ2ࡘ ࡢ༢ㄒࡽᡂࡿሙྜࡣࠊ๓༙せ⣲ᚋ༙せ⣲ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡽ2ᢿࡎࡘྲྀࡿࡇࡀཎ๎࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ
ࡋࠊཎㄒࡀ1ㄒࡢሙྜࡣࠊࠕ࣏ࣥࢺ࣓ࣥࢺࠖࡣࠕ࣏ࠖࠊࠕࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࡣࠕࣉࣜࠖࠊࠕ࢚
ࣟࣅࢡࢫࠖࡣࠕ࢚ࣟࣅࠖ࠸࠺ලྜࠊ␎ㄒࡢ㛗ࡉࡀ2ᢿࡢࡶࡢࡽ4ᢿࡢࡶࡢࡲ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ」
㞧࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚑ᮶ࠊࡇࡢ␎ㄒࡢ㛗ࡉࡢỴᐃ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ㡢㡩ㄽⓗ࣭ᙧែㄽⓗほⅬࡽᵝࠎ࡞᮲௳ࡸไ⣙ࡀ ᥦࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ␎ㄒᙧᡂ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ➇த┦ᡭ㸦competitor㸧ࡢ᭷↓࠸࠺༢⣧࡞ᇶ
‽ࡀാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ࠼ࡤࠕࣉ࡛ࣜࠖ࠶ࢀࡤࠊࠕࣉࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࣉ
࣮ࣟࢳࠖ࡞ࡢㄒΰྠࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡶ࠺1ᢿຍ࠼ࡓࠕࣉࣜࠖࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡿࠊ࠸࠺
ぢ᪉ࢆࡿࠋࡉࡽ➨5⠇࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ▷⦰ㄒᙧᡂ㛵ࡍࡿᮏ✏࡛ᥦࡋࡓ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡀࠊⱥㄒࡢ
┬␎ㄒࡶ㐺⏝ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆㄽࡌࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊṧࡉࢀࡓၥ㢟ࡸࠊ௦࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿศᯒἲࡶྲྀࡾୖࡆ ࡓ࠸ࠋ
ˍȅέΛΠ̞̾̀ͅġ
㸯㸬㸯㸬ࣇࢵࢺࡣఱࠕࣇࢵࢺࠖࡣࠊ➨୍ࡣࠊリࡢ㡩ᚊ㸦meter㸧ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿᇶᮏ༢࡛࠶ࡿࠕリ⬮ࠖࢆᣦࡍࠋࢠࣜ
ࢩ࣭࣮࣐ࣕࣟࡢリ࡛ࡣ㡢⠇ࡢ㛗▷ࡀリ⾜ࡢࣜࢬ࣒ࢆసࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊⱥリ࡛ࡣ㡢⠇ࡢᙉᙅࡀࣜࢬ࣒ࢆᵓ ᡂࡍࡿࠋ2 ḟࡢ㸦1㸧ࡣࠊᙉᙅᅄṌ᱁㸦trochaic tetrameter㸧࡛᭩ࢀࡓⱥリࡢᐇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᩥᏐ
ᑠᩥᏐࡣᙉໃ㸦stress㸧ࡢ᭷↓ࢆពᅗࡋࠊԦࡣḞ⠇ࢆ⾲ࡍ㸧ࠋ
㸦1㸧 WELcome, / RED and / ROUNDy / SUN, 䏔 DROPping / LOWly / IN the / WEST; 䏔 NOW my / HARD day’s / WORK is / DONE, 䏔 I’m as / HAPpy / AS the / BEST. 䏔
̿̿J. Clare, The Wood-Cutter’s Night Songࡼࡾ
リࡢ⾜࠾ࡅࡿ㡢⠇ࡢᙉᙅࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࢆ᱁ㄪ࠸࠸ࠊᙉໃࡢ࠶ࡿ㡢⠇ᙉໃࡢ࡞࠸㡢⠇ࡀ2ࡘ࡞࠸
ࡋ3ࡘ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚࡛ࡁࡿ1ࡘࡢ༢ࡀࣇࢵࢺ㸦リ⬮㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙉᙅᅄṌ᱁࡛᭩ࢀࡓୖࡢリ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ 1⾜ࠕᙉᙅࠖࢆ4ᅇ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍࣜࢬ࣒࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࠕ1⾜4ࡘࡢࣇࢵࢺࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡇ
࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡉ࡚ࡋࡋࠊᙉໃࡢ࠶ࡿ㡢⠇࡞࠸㡢⠇ࡀࡲࡲࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀࣇࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ࡞
ࡶリ⾜ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ1ࡘࡢㄒࡢ୰ࡶࣇࢵࢺࢆ௬ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᐇ㝿ࠊୖࡢリࡢ୰
࡛ࡶࠊwelcomeࡸhappyࡣ1ㄒ࡛1ࣇࢵࢺࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࠋ3 ḟࡢ࡛ࡣࠊࢡࢭࣥࢺ➢ྕࢆࡋࠊ
1ࡘࡎࡘࡢࣇࢵࢺࢆ㸺㸼࡛ᅖࢇ࡛⾲グࡋࡓࠋ4
㸦2㸧 <Cìnde><rélla>, <ánec><dòte>, <fàn><tástic>, <cámera>
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ⱥㄒࡢᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࣇࢵࢺࡢᐃ⩏ࢆồࡵࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀࡣࠕㄒ㡢⠇㸦syllable㸧ࡢ୰㛫ⓗ࡞
㡩ᚊ༢㸦prosodic unit㸧ࠖ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽ3ࡘࡢ㡩ᚊ༢ࡢໟᦤ㛵ಀࢆ㸦ୖୗࡢ୪ࡧ࡛㸧
⾲ࡏࡤḟࡢ㸦3㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ
㸦3㸧 ㄒ 㹺
ࣇࢵࢺ 㹺 㡢⠇
࡞࠾ࠊ㡢⠇ࡼࡾࡶᑠࡉ࡞㡩ᚊ༢࡛࠶ࡿ࣮ࣔࣛ㸦mora㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ1.3.⠇࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࡇࡍࡿࠋ
㸯㸬㸰㸬ⱥㄒࡢࣇࢵࢺࡢᐇᅾᛶ
ⱥㄒ࡛ࡣࠊㄒẼࢆᙉࡵࡓࡾࠊⱔ❧ࡕࢆ⾲ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡓࡵ fuckin㸦㸻fucking㸧࡞ࡢ㎡ⓗ᥋୰
㎡㸦expletive infix㸧ࢆㄒ୰ᤄධࡍࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡀチࡉࢀࡿ⨨ࡣࠊ㸦4a㸧ڸ࡛♧ࡋࡓࡼ
࠺ࣇࢵࢺࡢቃ⏺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ㸦4b㸧ࡢࡼ࠺ࣇࢵࢺࡢษࢀ┠࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࢁ᥋୰㎡ࢆᤄධࡍࡿ
ࡇࡣチࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
㸦4㸧 a. fan-fuckin-tastic <fan>ʆ<tastic>
fuckin
b. *fanta-fuckin-stic, *fant-fuckin-astic, *fantas-fuckin-tic
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇࡽࠊࣇࢵࢺ࠸࠺༢ࡣࠊⱥㄒࡢẕㄒヰ⪅࡛࠶ࢀࡤ↓ព㆑ࡢ࠺ࡕ࠸ࡇ࡞ࡏࠊ㡩ᚊ
ୖᐇᅾࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ
㸯㸬㸱㸬᪥ᮏㄒࡢࣇࢵࢺ
ᚑ᮶ࠊᙉໃࢡࢭࣥࢺࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸᪥ᮏㄒࡢࡼ࠺࡞ゝㄒࡣࠊࣇࢵࢺ࠸࠺༢ࢆ௬ᐃ࡛
ࡁࡿ࠺ࡣ࡛᫂࠶ࡿࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࣇࢵࢺࡀㄒ㡢⠇ࡢ୰㛫ⓗ࡞༢࡛࠶ࡿࡢ
࡞ࡽࡤࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡶࣇࢵࢺࢆᥐᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࣇࢵࢺࡣ 2࣮ࣔࣛࡽᡂࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡢ ࡀ➹⪅ࡢ❧ሙ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ5 ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࠊ࠼ࡤࠕࢧࣥࢲࣝࠖࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞㡩ᚊୖࡢ㝵ᒙᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘ ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ
㸦5㸧 W ---ㄒ F
F ---ࣇࢵࢺ Ȫ Ȫ Ȫ ---㡢⠇ȣ ȣ ȣ
ȣ ---࣮ࣔࣛsa N da ru
ࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇࡢㄒࡣࠊ4࣮࣭ࣔࣛ3㡢⠇࣭2ࣇࢵࢺࡽᡂࡿ1ㄒ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ2ࡘࡢࣇࢵࢺࡣࡑ
ࢀࡒࢀ2ࡘࡢ࣮ࣔࣛࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇὀ┠ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
ˎȅٸြࢊໝࣣࢊ͈ౣੀࠁ̷͈͂႒႕ġ
๓⠇࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣ2࣮ࣔࣛࡎࡘࡢࡲࡲࡾࢆࣇࢵࢺᤊ࠼ࡿ᪨ࢆ㏙ࡓࠋᮏ⠇࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ2ࣔ
࣮࡛ࣛࡦࡓࡲࡾ࡞ࡿࡇࢆࠊἑᒣࡢᐇ࡛♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡍࡿࠋ
ࡲࡎࠊࡶࡗࡶᆺⓗ࡞᪥ᮏㄒࡢ┬␎ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡣࠊእ᮶ㄒࡢ」ྜㄒ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ๓༙せ⣲ᚋ༙せ⣲
ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡽ2࣮ࣔࣛࡎࡘࢆྲྀࡾฟࡍ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ6
㸦6㸧 ࣁ࣮࣭ࣥ࢞ࢫࢺࣛ࢟ Ѝ 㸺ࣁࣥ㸼㸺ࢫࢺ㸼
ࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࢼ࣭ࣝࣞࢫࣜࣥࢢ Ѝ 㸺ࣉࣟ㸼㸺ࣞࢫ㸼
ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼ࣭ࣝࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ Ѝ 㸺ࣃࢯ㸼㸺ࢥࣥ㸼
ࣃࣥࢸ㸦࣮㸧ࢫࢺࢵ࢟ࣥࢢ Ѝ 㸺ࣃࣥ㸼㸺ࢫࢺ㸼
ࣥࢲ࣮ࢢࣛ࢘ࣥࢻ Ѝ 㸺ࣥ㸼㸺ࢢࣛ㸼
ࣇ࣑࣮ࣜࣞࢫࢺࣛࣥ Ѝ 㸺ࣇ࣑㸼㸺ࣞࢫ㸼 ࢥࢫࢳ࣮࣒࣭ࣗࣉ࣮ࣞ Ѝ 㸺ࢥࢫ㸼㸺ࣉࣞ㸼
ࢽ࣓ࢯࣥࢢ Ѝ 㸺ࢽ㸼㸺ࢯࣥ㸼
࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢ࣭࣍ࣜࢹ࣮ Ѝ 㸺࣮࣡㸼㸺࣍ࣜ㸼 ࢩ࣮ࣙࣅࢪࢿࢫ Ѝ 㸺ࢩ࣮ࣙ㸼㸺ࣅࢬ㸼
࣐ࢱࢽࢸ࣮࣭ࣁࣛࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ Ѝ 㸺࣐ࢱ㸼㸺ࣁࣛ㸼
ࡇࡢ2࣮ࣔࣛࡎࡘྲྀࡾฟࡋ࡚┬␎ࡍࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡣࠊḟࡢ㸦7㸧ᣲࡆࡓࡼ࠺ࠊእ᮶ㄒ」ྜㄒࡢࡳ࡞
ࡽࡎࠊ₎ㄒࡸㄒࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡸࠊ㸦ㄒ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸧ྃࡸᩥࡶᗈࡲࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ7
㸦7㸧 a. ࣓࣮ࣝ㐩 Ѝ 㸺࣓ࣝ㸼㸺ࢺࣔ㸼 እᅜேࢱࣞࣥࢺ Ѝ 㸺࢞㸼㸺ࢱࣞ㸼 Ṍ⾜⪅ኳᅜ Ѝ 㸺࣍ࢥ㸼㸺ࢸࣥ㸼 㐃ࢀᑠ౽ Ѝ 㸺ࢶࣞ㸼㸺ࢩࣙࣥ㸼
␒⤌ᐉఏ Ѝ 㸺ࣂࣥ㸼㸺ࢭࣥ㸼
㈍ಁ㐍 Ѝ 㸺ࣁࣥ㸼㸺ࢯࢡ㸼
ዪᏊࢼ࢘ࣥࢧ࣮ Ѝ 㸺ࢪࣙࢩ㸼㸺ࢼ㸼 b. ⌮ࡢ⤖፧ Ѝ 㸺ࣜࢯ㸼㸺ࢥࣥ㸼
ᮅࡢࢩࣕࣥࣉ࣮ Ѝ 㸺ࢧ㸼㸺ࢩࣕࣥ㸼 ࢧ࣮࣐ࣛࣜࣥࡢ㣤 Ѝ 㸺ࢧࣛ㸼㸺࣓ࢩ㸼
⫱ඣࢆࡍࡿ⏨ᛶ㸦࣓ࣥࢬ㸧 Ѝ 㸺ࢡ㸼㸺࣓ࣥ㸼
ࢪࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࣉࣟࣃ࢞ࣥࢲ Ѝ 㸺ࢪ㸼㸺ࣉࣟ㸼
࠶ࡅࡲࡋ࡚࠾ࡵ࡛࠺㸦ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ㸧 Ѝ 㸺ࢣ㸼㸺࣓࢜㸼
ࣜࣝ㸦⌧ᐇ㸧ࡢ⏕άࡀᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿே Ѝ 㸺ࣜ㸼㸺ࢪ࣮ࣗ㸼
ࡉࡽࠊ2࣮ࣔࣛࡎࡘྲྀࡾฟࡋ࡚┬␎ࡍࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡣࠊேྡ࣭ࣂࣥࢻྡࠊࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡸᫎ⏬࣭ᑠㄝ࣭
ₔ⏬࡞ࡢࢱࢺࣝࠊၟရྡࠊ♫ྡ࡞ᗈࡃぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ
㸦8㸧 a. ᮌᮧᣅဢ Ѝ 㸺࣒࢟㸼㸺ࢱࢡ㸼8
ࢻ࣮࣒ࣜࢬ࣭࣒࣭࢝ࢺ࣮ࣝ Ѝ 㸺ࢻࣜ㸼㸺࣒࢝㸼
SEKAI NO OWARI Ѝ 㸺ࢭ࢝㸼㸺࢜࣡㸼
b. ࠗ⇿➗࢚࢜ࣥࣂࢺࣝ࠘ Ѝ 㸺࢜ࣥ㸼㸺ࣂࢺ㸼
ࠗࢡࣞࣚࣥࡋࢇࡕࡷࢇ࠘ Ѝ 㸺ࢡࣞ㸼㸺ࢩࣥ㸼
ࠗୡ⏺ࡢ୰ᚰ࡛ࠊឡࢆࡉࡅࡪ࠘ Ѝ 㸺ࢭ࢝㸼㸺ࢳ࣮ࣗ㸼
ࠗࡇࡕࡽⴱ㣭༊ட᭷බᅬ๓ὴฟᡤ࠘ Ѝ 㸺ࢥࢳ㸼㸺࣓࢝㸼
ࠗ࠶ࡱࡸࢇ࠘㸦✵ 㸦airport㸧ࠊ␎ࡋ࡚apoࠊ࡛ാࡃேࡢࡇ㸧 c. ࡅࡱࢇ㓑 Ѝ ࠕ࣏ࣥࠖ㸦ओ࣑ࢶ࢝ࣥ㸧
ࢥࢡࡢ࠶ࡿࡲࢁࡸ࡞࣮࢝ࣞ Ѝ ࠕࡇࡃࡲࢁ࣮࢝ࣞࠖ㸦ࣁ࢘ࢫ㣗ရ㸧
ࢳ࣮ࢬධࡾⵦ㖝 Ѝ ࠕࢳ࣮ࡲࠖ㸦ओၿ㸧 d. ࢸࣞࣅᮅ᪥ Ѝ 㸺ࢸࣞ㸼㸺ࢧ㸼
ி㒔ࢭ࣑ࣛࢵࢡ Ѝ ࠕிࢭࣛࠖ9
᪥ᮏேࡀ࠸2࣮ࣔࣛࡎࡘࡢࡓࡲࡾࢆዲࡴࡣࠊ௨ୗ♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᴗ⏺⏝ㄒࡢ 㐀ㄒἲ̿̿ಽ⨨̿̿ࡸࠊឡ⛠ࡢసࡾ᪉ࠊពࡢษࢀ┠ࢆ↓どࡋࡓⓎヰୖࡢࡲࡲࡾࠊᩘᏐࡸ᭙᪥ࡢㄞ
ࡳୖࡆ᪉ࠊ⥛ࡾࡸពࡀࡼࡃࢃࡽ࡞࠸እᅜㄒࡢゝ࠸᪉࡞ࡽࡶ❚࠼ࡿࠋ༢⣧ධࢀ᭰࠼ࡓࡾࠊࡑ ࡢࡲࡲㄞࢇࡔࡢ࡛ࡣ2࣮ࣔࣛ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡁࡣࠊ㡢ࢆ㊊ࡋࡓࡾ๐ࡗࡓࡾࡋ࡚2࣮ࣔࣛࡎࡘ࡞ࡿࡼ
࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇὀ┠ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ㸦9f㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪂ࡋ࠸㸦࠸ࡃࡪࢇ࠾ࡅࡓ㸧⾲⌧ࡣࠊ2ࣔ
࣮ࣛࡢಸࡢ 4 ࣮ࣔࣛࡽᡂࡿࢥ࣮ࣟࣥ㸦colon㸧ࡤࢀࡿ༢ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓぢ࡞ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ
ࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦9㸧 a. ࣁ࣡ Ѝ 㸺࣡㸼㸺ࣁ࣮㸼
࠺ࡲ࠸ Ѝ 㸺࣐㸼㸺࣮࢘㸼 ࢧࣥࢢࣛࢫ Ѝ 㸺ࢢࣛ㸼㸺ࢧࣥ㸼
ࡼࢁࡋࡃ Ѝ 㸺ࢩࢡ㸼㸺ࣚࣟ㸼 ࡑࡗࡃࡾ Ѝ 㸺ࢡࣜ㸼㸺ࢯࢶ㸼
࠾ὗⴠ Ѝ 㸺ࢩࣕࣞ㸼㸺࢜ࢶ㸼
࢜ࢵࣃ࡛࠸ Ѝ 㸺ࣃ㸼㸺࢜ࢶ㸼㸺࢝㸼㸺ࢹ࣮㸼 b. ࡕࡦࢁ Ѝ 㸺ࢳ࣮㸼ࡕࡷࢇ
ࡉࡋ Ѝ 㸺ࢧࢵ㸼ࡕࡷࢇ
c. ఢ↻ Ѝ ࢶࢡ࣭ࢲࢽ10 ぢᅇࡾ Ѝ ࣑࣐࣭࣡ࣜ
d. 1ࠊ2ࠊ3ࠊ͐͐ Ѝ ࢳࠊࢽ࣮ࠊࢧࣥࠊ͐͐
᭶ࠊⅆࠊỈࠊ͐͐ Ѝ ࢤࢶࠊ࣮࢝ࠊࢫࠊ͐͐
e. a cappella Ѝ ࣭࢝࣌ࣛ
Santa Lucia Ѝ ࢧ࣭ࣥࢱ࣭ࣝࢳ
f. ࠕ⚾ࡓࡕࡗ࡚ࠊࢶࢲࢶࢲࡋ࠸㸦㸻ὠ⏣ሿࡢᏛ⏕ࡽࡋ࠸㸧ࡼࡡࠋࠖ
㸦эࠕࡍࡀࡍࡀࡋ࠸ࠖ࡞ྠࡌࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸽㸧
ࡕ࡞ࡳࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢫࣛࣥࢢ࡛ࡣࠊࠕ࠾ࡵ㸦㸻࠾ࡵ࡛࠺㸧ࠊ࠶ࡾ㸦㸻࠶ࡾࡀ࠺㸧ࠊஎ㸦㸻
࠾⑂ࢀᵝ㸧ࠊࡇ㹬㸦㸻ࡇࢇࡕࡣ㸭ࡇࢇࡤࢇࡣ㸧ࠖ࡞ࡢࡼ࠺⏝㢖ᗘࡢ㧗࠸ᣵᣜࡇࡤ࡞ࡀ2ࣔ
࣮ࣛ1ࣇࢵࢺ▷ࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࠕࣇࣝ࣎ࢵࢥ㸦㸻ࣇࣝࣃ࣮࣡㸭ࣇ࣓ࣝࣥࣂ࣮࡛࣎ࢵࢥ࣎ࢥ㸧ࠖࡢࡼ
࠺ࠊᙉㄪࡢࡓࡵ3࣮ࣔࣛࢆࡗࡓ▷⦰ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊᮏ⠇ࡢ᭱ᚋࠊ▷⦰ᙧࡑࡢࢡࢭࣥࢺᆺ㛵ࡍࡿၥゐࢀ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ4
࣮ࣔࣛࡽᡂࡿ」ྜㄒ㸦ࡸேྡࡢ㸧▷⦰ᙧࡣࠊࠕࣇ࣑ࣞࢫࠖࠊࠕ࣍ࢥࢸࣥࠖࠊࠕ࣒࢟ࢱࢡࠖࡢࡼ࠺ᖹ ᯈᆺࢡࢭࣥࢺ㸦↓ࢡࢭࣥࢺ㸧࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊඖࠎࡢࢡࢭࣥࢺ̿̿ࠕࣇ࣑࣮ࣜࣞЯࢫࢺࣛࣥࠖࠊ ࠕ࣍ࢥ࣮ࢩࣕࢸЯࣥࢦࢡࠖࠊࠕ࣒࢟ࣛࢱЯࢡࣖࠖ㸦Яࡣࣆࢵࢳࡢ㝆ୗࢆ⾲ࡍ㸧̿̿ࡣ↓どࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋ࡛ࡣࠊ
ࠕࣜࠖࡀࠕࣜЯࢪ࣮ࣗࠖ࡞ࡿࡢࡣ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸽 Kubozono㸦1996㸧ࡣࠊࠕ࣓ࣜ࢝ࠖ
ࡸࠕࢠࣜࢫࠖࡣ↓ࢡࢭࣥࢺ࡛ࡶࠊ↓ពㄒࡢࠕЯ࣓ࣜࣥࠖࡸࠕЯࢠ࣮ࣜࠖ࡞ࡣࢡࢭࣥࢺ ࡀ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡽࠊ↓ࢡࢭࣥࢺ࡞ࡿࡣࠊ༢4 ࣮ࣔࣛ࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࠕ㹼ࣜ࢝ࠖࠊࠕ㹼
ࣜࢫࠖࡢࡼ࠺ㄒᮎࡀ㍍㡢⠇㸦light syllable㸧ࡢ㐃⥆࡞ࡿ࠸࠺᮲௳ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞ࡿࠊ ࠕࣜࢪ࣮ࣗࠖࡣ㔜㡢⠇㸦heavy syllable㸧࡛⤊ࢃࡿࡢ࡛ࢡࢭࣥࢺࡀࡃࡍࡁ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸽 ࡋࡋࡑ࠺࡞ࡿࠊࠕࣃࢯࢥࣥࠖࡸࠕ࣍ࢥࢸࣥࠖࡣ࡞ࡐ↓ࢡࢭࣥࢺ࡛ࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸽 ࠕࣜ
ࢪ࣮ࣗࠖࡣ㸦4࣮ࣔࣛ▷⦰ᙧ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸧」ྜㄒࡢ▷⦰ᙧ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࠕࣃࢯࢥࣥࠖ࡞ࡣูᢅ
࠸ࡍࡁ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸽 ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࠕࣜࢯࢥࣥࠖࡣ࠺ࡋ࡚↓ࢡࢭࣥࢺ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸽 ࡲ ࡓࠊࠕࣜЯࢪ࣮ࣗࠖࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡣ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡢ㸽ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ▷⦰ᙧࡣࠊ㸦༢ࡑࡢฟຊࡉࢀࡓ
ࡶࡢࡢ㛗ࡉࡀ 4 ࣮ࣔࣛ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ㸧ࢡࢭࣥࢺ㛵㐃ࡅ࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠊࡲࡔ
᫂࡞ࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋ
ˏȅུࢊ͈ςΒθġ
᪥ᮏே࣭᪥ᮏᩥࡣወᩘዲࡳぢ࠼ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ௨ୗิᣲࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ሙ㠃࡛ወᩘࡀዲࢇ
࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦10㸧 ࣭⤖፧ᘧ㸸 ୕୕ᗘ
࣭ᛂᅋ㸸 ୕୕ᢿᏊ
࣭Ꮚࡶࡢᡂ㛗ࢆ⚃࠺⾜㸸 ୕
࣭ࡵ࡛ࡓ࠸᪥㸸 1᭶1᪥㸭ඖ᪦
3᭶3᪥㸭᱈ࡢ⠇ྃ
5᭶5᪥㸭➃༗ࡢ⠇ྃ
7᭶7᪥㸭ኤ 9᭶9᪥㸭㔜㝧
ࡲࡓࠊḟࡢ㸦11㸧ࢆᣲࡆࡓࡼ࠺ࠊྛ✀ᶆㄒࡸグ᠈ṧࡿࢥ࣐࣮ࢩࣕࣝࡶ5ᢿ7ᢿࡀ⏝ࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸦11㸧 a. ࡧฟࡍ࡞ ㌴ࡣᛴṆࡲࢀ࡞࠸
ᛧ࠸ࡢࡣࠕᾘࡋࡓࡘࡶࡾࠖࠕᾘࡋࡓࡣࡎࠖ
b. ட⏣ࡢ࠶ࡽࢀ࣭࠾ࡏࢇ࠸ʖ㸦ட⏣〇Ⳬ㸧
③ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡽࠊࡍࡄࢭࢹࢫ㸦ሷ㔝⩏〇⸆㸧
ࡋࡋࠊ⾲㠃ⓗ࡞㡢ᩘࡽࢃࢀ࡚᪥ᮏㄒࡢ㡩ᚊࢆㄽࡌࡿࡢࡣ⚗≀࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ୕୕ᢿᏊࡣࠊ ఇṆ㒊ศ㸦ۑ࡛⾲ࡍ㸧ࢆ㸯ᢿᩘ࠼ࢀࡤࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ᅄᅄඵᢿᏊ࡞ࡿࠋ
㸦12㸧 ࢳࣕࢵࠊࢳࣕࢵࠊࢳࣕࢵࠊۑࠋࢳࣕࢵࠊࢳࣕࢵࠊࢳࣕࢵࠊۑࠋ ࢳࣕࢵࠊࢳࣕࢵࠊࢳࣕࢵࠊࢳࣕࢵࠊࢳࣕࢵࠊࢳࣕࢵࠊࢳࣕࢵࠊۑࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊูᐑ㸦1977㸧࡛ㄽࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ㸦㸧ࡢತྃࡸ▷ḷࡶࠊఇṆ㒊ศࢆ຺ᐃ
ධࢀࢀࡤࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ඵඵඵ㸦ඵඵ㸧࡞ࡿ̿̿1㡢8ศ㡢➢ࢆ1ࡘ࠶࡚ࠊ2㡢ࢆࡶࡗ࡚4ศࡢ 4ᢿᏊࡢ1ᢿࢆసࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ۑࡣඵศఇ➢ࠊ۔ࡣᅄศఇ➢ࢆពᅗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࠋ
㸦13㸧 4/4 ʗ ʗ ʖۑ۔ ʗ ʗ ʗ ʖۑ ʗ ʗ ʖۑ۔
ࢼࢶࢡࢧࣖ ࢶ࣡ࣔࣀࢻࣔ࢞ ࣓ࣘࣀࢺ
ࡕ࡞ࡳࠊูᐑ㸦1977㸧ࡢࠕ᪥ᮏேࡣ୕ᢿᏊࡢ࣡ࣝࢶࡢ₇ዌࡀⱞᡭ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ᣦࡶ㠀ᖖ⯆
῝࠸ࠋ
⤖ᒁࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣࠊ2࣮ࣔࣛ1ࣇࢵࢺࡀ㡩ᚊࡢᇶᮏ༢࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢಸࡢ4࣮ࣔࣛࡸࠊࡉࡽಸࡢ 8࣮ࣔࣛࡀࠊࣜࢬ࣒ୖࡢࡲࡲࡾࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ≉ᚩࡣࠊ
ྡసホࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ꮚࡶྥࡅ⤮ᮏࡢ୰ࡶ⌧ࢀࡿࠋ㸦14㸧ࡣ୰ᕝᮤᯞᏊసࠗࡄࡾࡄࡽ࠘㸦⚟㡢㤋
᭩ᗑ㸧ࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡿࠋグ᠈ṧࡿྡᩥྃࡣࠊ8࣮ࣔࣛࡎࡘࡢࡲࡲࡾࡽᡂࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡋ࡚ࡼࢁ࠺ࠋ
㸦14㸧 㹙ࡰࡃࡽࡢ ࡞ࡲ࠼ࡣ㹛㹙ࡄࡾ ࡄࡽۑۑۑ㹛 㹙ࡇࡢࡼ࡛ ࠸ࡕࡤࢇ㹛㹙ࡍࡁ࡞ࡢࡣۑۑۑ㹛 㹙࠾ࡾࡻ࠺ࡾࡍࡿࡇ㹛㹙ࡓࡿࡇۑۑۑ㹛 㹙ࡄࡾ ࡄࡽ ࡄࡾ ࡄࡽ㹛
ːȅ 㸬
ໝࣣٸြࢊ͈ౣੀ̞̾̀ͅġ
㸲㸬㸯㸬ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢᡂᯝၥ㢟Ⅼᮏ⠇௨㝆࡛ࡣࠊ」ྜㄒ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ༢⣧ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿእ᮶ㄒࡢ┬␎ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣࠊⱥㄒ
ࡽࡢ⏝ㄒࢆ୰ᚰࠊᩘከࡃࡢእ᮶ㄒࡀࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㛗࠸ㄒ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࡑࡢከࡃࡣ▷⦰ᙧࢆᣢࡗ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ」ྜㄒ㸦ࡸྃࡢ㸧▷⦰ࡢሙྜࡢࡼ࠺2࣮ࣔࣛࡎࡘࢆᢳฟࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛
ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㸦15㸧௦⾲ࢆᣲࡆࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ2㹼4࣮ࣔࣛ࠸࠺ࣂ࢚࣮ࣜࢩࣙࣥࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚」㞧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡔ ࡀࠊཎ๎ࡣࠊ5࣮ࣔࣛ௨ୖࡢㄒࢆ2㹼4࣮ࣔࣛࡢ㛗ࡉ⦰ࡵࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ11
㸦15㸧 a. ࢫࢺࣛ࢟ Ѝ ࢫࢺ b. ࣟࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ ࣟࢣ c. ࢸࣞࣅࢪࣙࣥ Ѝ ࢸࣞࣅ
d. ࣮ࣟࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ ࣮ࣟࢸ e. ࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ ࣛࢫࢺ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞༢⣧ㄒࡢ▷⦰㛵ࡍࡿ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ඛ⾜◊✲㸦Ito㸦1990㸧ࠊKubozono㸦2003㸧࡞㸧࡛♧
ࡉࢀࡓไ⣙㢮ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦L㸻㍍㡢⠇㸻1࣮ࣔࣛ㡢⠇ࠊH㸻㔜㡢⠇㸻2࣮ࣔࣛ㡢⠇㸧ࠋ
㸦16㸧 a. 1࣮ࣔࣛࡸ5࣮ࣔࣛࡢฟຊᙧࡣチᐜࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸦㸧ࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ *ࠊ*ࣛࢫࢺࣞ
b. 1㔜㡢⠇㸦H㸧ࡣチᐜࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸦㸧࣮ࣟࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ *࣮ࣟ
ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ Ѝ *ࢩࣥ
c. ㍍㡢⠇㸩㔜㡢⠇㸦LH㸧ࡢ3࣮ࣔࣛᙧࡣチᐜࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸦㸧ࣟࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ *ࣟࢣ࣮
d. ㍍㡢⠇㸩㔜㡢⠇㸩㍍㡢⠇㸦LHL㸧ࡢ4࣮ࣔࣛᙧࡣチᐜࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸦㸧ࣟࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ *ࣟࢣ࣮ࢩࣙ
ࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺ฟຊᙧྜࢃࡏ࡚ไ⣙࣭᮲௳ࢆ࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡇࡋࡽ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡣዲࡲࡋ࠸୍⯡ࡣ ゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ㸦ఱ࡛ࡶㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡶࡢࡣఱࡶㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢྠࡌࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸧ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㸦16㸧ࢆ⏝
࠸࡚ࡶࠊḟࡢ㸦17㸧࡛ࠕ㸽ࠖࢆࡅࡓࡼ࠺࡞ᙧࡀ࡞ࡐ⌧ࢀ࡞࠸ࡢࡀㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ
㸦17㸧 a. ࢫࢺࣛ࢟ Ѝ 㸽ࢫࢺࣛ
b. ࢸࣞࣅࢪࣙࣥ Ѝ 㸽ࢸࣞࠊ㸽ࢸࣞࣅࢪࣙ
c. ࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ 㸽ࣛࠊ㸽ࣛࢫ
࡛ࡣࠊ࣮ࣔࣛࡸ㡢⠇ᩘ௨እࡢほⅬࡽྍ⬟࡞▷⦰ᙧࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡓ◊✲ࢆࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ Labrune㸦2002㸧ࡣࠊḟࡢ㸦18㸧ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࢡࢭࣥࢺࡢ⨨ࢆᇶ‽ࡋࡓไ⣙ࢆᥦࡋࡓࠋ
㸦18㸧 ධຊࡢࢡࢭࣥࢺ㸦᰾㸧ࡢ๓࡛▷⦰ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࠋ 㸦㸧ࣛࢫࢺࣞЯ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ ࣛࢫࢺȭ
ࡘࡲࡾࠊࠕࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࠖࡣࠕࣞࠖࢡࢭࣥࢺࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡼࡾࡶ๓ࡢࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖ
࠸࠺㒊ศࡀṧࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ Labrune ㄝᚑ࠼ࡤࠊ࠼ࡤ influenza ࡀࠊⱥㄒ࡛ࡣ flu ␎ࡉࢀ࡚ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣ㸦ࠕࣥࣇ࢚ࣝЯࣥࢨࠖ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ㸧ࠕࣥࣇࣝࠖ␎ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡀㄝ
࡛᫂ࡁࡑ࠺࡛ࠊ⯆῝࠸㠃ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢࢡࢭࣥࢺ⨨ᇶ࡙ࡃ▷⦰ㄒࡢㄝ࡛᫂ࡣࠊ
࠼ࡤࠊࠕࢸࣞࣅЯࢪࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕࣥࣇࣞЯ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕࢽ࣓Я࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖ࡞ࡀ㸦ࠕࢸࣞࣅࠖࠊࠕࣥࣇ
ࣞࠖࠊࠕࢽ࣓࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㸧ࠕࢸࣞࠖࠊࠕࣥࣇࠖࠊࠕࢽࠖ࡞ࡿㄗࡗࡓண ࢆࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ
Laburuneㄝࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ▷⦰ᙧࡗ࡚ࡣዲ㒔ྜ࡛ࡶࠊࡢ▷⦰ᙧࡗ࡚ࡣࡴࡋࢁ㒔ྜ࠸࠺⤖ᯝ
࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡿࠋ
ḟྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࡁࡣࠊ❑ⷵ㸦2004㸧ࡸ❑࣭ⷵᑠᕝ㸦2005㸧ࡢᥦ࡛ࠊ㸦ࠕᦠᖏ㟁ヰࠖ࠸࠺」ྜ
ㄒࡽࠕᦠᖏࠖ࠸࠺๓༙㒊ศࡀṧࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ㸧ࠕࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࡣᨃఝ」ྜㄒ㸦pseudo-
compound㸧̿̿ࠕࣛࢫࢺ㸩࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖ̿̿ศᯒ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖࡀṧࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ❑ⷵ㸦2010㸧ࡣࠊࡇࡢᨃఝ」ྜㄒ࠸࠺ᤊ࠼᪉ࢆࡉࡽ⢭⦓ࡋࠊ௨ୗࡢศ⠇ཎ⌮
ࡲࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸦19㸧 a. 㡢⠇ࢆศ᩿ࡏࡎࠊ๓༙ᚋ༙ࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅྠࡌ㛗ࡉ㸦࣮ࣔࣛᩘ㸧ศࡅࡿࠋ
b. aࡼࡾ➼ศศ⠇࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣࠊ๓༙㸼ᚋ༙ࡍࡿࠋ12
ࡓࡋࠕ㹼࣮ࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࠖ⤊ࢃࡿእ᮶ㄒࡣ࡞ࡾ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ㒊ศࢆࠕ」ྜㄒࡢᚋ༙せ⣲ⓗ࡞ࡶ
ࡢࠖ⪃࠼࡚ࡶࡼ࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ❑ⷵ㸦2010㸧ࡣࠊ4࣮ࣔࣛㄒࡢࠕ࢚ࣟᮏࠖᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ5ࣔ
࣮ࣛㄒࡢࠕ࢚ࢵࢳᮏࠖ࡞ࡿࠕᮏࠖ㸦」ྜㄒࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧㐃⃮ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡇ࡞ࢆドᣐࡋ࡚ࠊ 5࣮ࣔࣛ௨ୖࡢㄒࡣ㡢㡩ⓗ」ྜㄒぢ࡞ࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ13
ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ❑ⷵࡢศᯒ࣭ᥦࢆࡢᵝࠎ࡞㐺⏝ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࠊࡍࡄၥ㢟Ⅼࡀᾋࡧୖࡀࡗ
࡚ࡃࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠕࢸࣞࣅࢪࣙࣥࠖࡣࠊࠕ㐲࠸㸦tele㸧ീࢆぢࡿࡇ㸦vision㸧ࠖ࠸࠺ㄒ※ࡽࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ
ࡲࡓࠊࠕࣁࣅࢪࣙࣥࠖ࡞ࡢࡢ㛵㐃ࡉࡏ࡚ࡳ࡚ࡶࠊศࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸦ࠕࢸࣞࣅ㹺ࢪࣙࣥࠖ
࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸧ࠕࢸࣞ㹺ࣅࢪࣙࣥࠖศࡅࡿ᪉ࡀ⤯ᑐ⮬↛࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ࠼ࡤࠊࠕ࣮࢜࣌ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊ ࠕࢹࣔࣥࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕ࣏ࣥࢺ࣓ࣥࢺࠖ࡞ࢆ㸦19㸧ᚑࡗ࡚ศࡍࢀࡤࠊ㸦ࠕ࢜࣌ࠖࠊࠕࢹࣔࠖࠊ ࠕ࣏࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㸧ࠕ࢜࣌ࣞ㸦࣮㸧ࠖࠊࠕࢹࣔࣥࢫࢺࠖࠊࠕ࣏ࣥࠖ࠸ࡗࡓㄗࡗࡓᙧࢆண ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ
࠺ࠋ
⤖ᒁࠊLabruneㄝࡶ❑ⷵㄝࡶࠊ≉ᐃࡢࡢㄝ᫂ࡣ㠀ᖖ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊ✀ࠎࡢ
㐺⏝⠊ᅖࢆᗈࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࠊࡈࡃᬑ㏻ࡢࡀ࠺ࡲࡃᢅ࠼࡞ࡗࡓࡾࠊ࠼ࡗ࡚▩┪ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࡓ
ࡾࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸲㸬㸰㸬ヨ
࡛ࡣࠊᮏ⠇࠾࠸࡚ࠊ௦ࢆᥦࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ⤖ㄽࢆඛྲྀࡾࡋ࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ▷⦰ㄒᙧᡂ㛵ࡍࡿ⚾ぢ ࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺ࡲࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
㸦20㸧 i. 㡢㡩ⓗ࡞ᇶ‽࣭ไ⣙ࡣᐇࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㔜せ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ii. ▷⦰ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝពࡀ㏻ࡌ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡣඖࡶᏊࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ
iii. ೃ⿵ㄒከᩘ࡛ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠋ
iv. ࡢㄒྠᐃ㸦identify㸧࡛ࡁࡿࡲ࡛㛗ࡃࡍࡿࠋ
ࡸࡸ⬺⥺ࡢࡼ࠺ឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ᡃࠎࡢㄒᙡᩘ࠸࠺ࡇゐࢀ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
࠼ࡤࠊWilliam Shakespeare ࡣ㠀ᖖㄒᙡࡀከࡗࡓࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊᙼࡢసရ୰ࡢㄒᙡࢆ㘓ࡋࡓ Alexander SchmidtࡢShakespeare Lexicon and Quotation Dictionary㍕ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿㄒᙡᩘࡣࠊ⣙5
ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡈࡃᬑ㏻ࡢேࡢㄒᙡᩘࡣ3㹼4ㄒ⛬ᗘ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊእ᮶ㄒࡢ▷
⦰ᙧࡑࡢཎㄒࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⪃ᐹ࡛ࡣࠊࠗᗈ㎡ⱌ࠘࡞࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ࠼ࡤࠊᑠᏛ⏕ࡶ㐺ࡋࡓࠗゎ Ꮫ⩦ᅜㄒ㎡࠘㸦ᑠᏛ㤋㸧㸦௨ୗࠗᅜ࠘␎ࡍ㸧㍕ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢࡶࡢࢆၥ㢟ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡣࡎ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋ
ཧ⪃ࡲ࡛ࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺୖ࡛ࡶ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿ௨ୗࡢࠕ࣎࢟ࣕ㈋ࢸࢫࢺࠖ㸦NTTࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢩࣜ
࣮ࢬࠗ᪥ᮏㄒࡢㄒᙡ≉ᛶ࠘ࢆཧ↷㸧࡛☜ㄆࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ
ᲢᲣȁȣȳȔǪȳ ᲢᲣᅔଐ ᲢᲣ༪ႆ ᲢᲣȩǤȳ ᲢᲣƞƭLJᑪ ᲢᲣǬǹ ᲢᲣᝃ ᲢᲣᢅƝƢ ᲢᲣஔԏ ᲢᲣƦNjƦNj
ᲢᲣᙸಊNJǔ ᲢᲣᬐƹƠƍ ᲢᲣஜ᫆ ᲢᲣǨȳDzȫ̞ૠ ᲢᲣජLJǓᡂlj ᲢᲣ᪳ƚλǕǔ ᲢᲣᚕƍႺƢ ᲢᲣƨƠƳLj ᲢᲣᒍ૨ܖ ᲢᲣƸLJǓࢫ ᲢᲣƝǖӳǘƤ ᲢᲣіщ ᲢᲣ࣑ƹƤǔ ᲢᲣѝႆ ᲢᲣܿƠ
ᲢᲣႸႉƠ ᲢᲣᛪƍ ᲢᲣرǓሪ ᲢᲣൢɣƞ ᲢᲣᒧဪ ᲢᲣٻᐅᭌ ᲢᲣᘐɶ ᲢᲣඣބ֥ ᲢᲣᘉᆋ ᲢᲣरბ ᲢᲣΨ ᲢᲣᙍಮ ᲢᲣଊᇨ ᲢᲣƔǜơƖ ᲢᲣƢƬƜlj ᲢᲣᡄ ᲢᲣԓ ᲢᲣᡁဪ ᲢᲣȩǤȋȳǰ ᲢᲣǿǯ ᲢᲣভ ᲢᲣᨉᦩ ᲢᲣථຠ ᲢᲣᤅƕƑǓ ᲢᲣ᪴Ϟɧᩙ
᳕ਖ਼ܭᛖ࢛ૠ᳗
ᲢᲣLJưư ᛖ ᲢᲣLJưư ᛖ ᲢᲣLJưư ᛖ ᲢᲣLJưư ᛖ ᲢᲣLJưư ᛖ ᲢᲣLJưư ᛖ ᲢᲣLJưư ᛖ ᲢᲣLJưư ᛖ ᲢᲣLJưư ᛖ
ࡇࡢࢸࢫࢺ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ᥎ᐃㄒᙡᩘࡀ㍍ࠎ5ㄒࢆ㉸࠼ࡿேࡣࡑࢀከࡃ࡞࠸ࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ
୍⯡ࡢேࡢㄒᙡᩘࢆ3㹼4ㄒࡋ࡚ㄽࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇࡍࡿࠋ
㆟ㄽࢆ༢⣧ࡋ࡚ࠊ༑㡢ᅗྵࡲࢀࡿᩥᏐ㸦㡢⠇࣭࣮ࣔࣛ㸧ᩘࢆ50ࡋ࡚ᆒ➼3㹼4ㄒࢆ
ࡿࠊ୍ࡘࡢ௬ྡᩥᏐ࡛ጞࡲࡿㄒࡣ600㹼800ㄒ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢ୰࡛ࠊ5࣮ࣔࣛ௨ୖࡢ㛗ࡉ
ࢆᣢࡘእ᮶ㄒ㝈ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡅࢀࡤࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡑࡢᩘࡣ30㹼40ㄒ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆࡉࡽ༢
⣧ㄒ㝈ࡿࡼ࠺ࡋࠊࡲࡓࠊΎ㡢࣭⃮㡢ࠊ┤㡢࣭ᣉ㡢ࡢ༊ูࡶ⾜࠼ࡤࠊࡑࡢᩘࢆ༙ศ௨ୗࡍࡿࡇ
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋࡋࡋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࠊྠ㡢࡛ጞࡲࡿೃ⿵ㄒࡀ10㹼20ㄒᏑᅾࡍࡿሙྜࡀከ࠸ࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ᥎ᐃᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊࠕࢸࣞࣅࠖࡀࠕࢸࣞࣅࢪࣙࣥࠖࡢ␎ㄒࡋ࡚ㄆᐃࡉࢀࡿసᴗࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ⤠ࡾ
㎸ࡳࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࢆ♧ࡏࡤࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ᣲࡆࡓㄒᙡࡣࠗᅜ ➨භ∧࠘㸦1990㸧ࡽ
ࡗࡓࠋ14
㸦21㸧 ࢞ࣜ
ࠕࢸࠖ Ѝ ࠕࢸࣞࠖ Ѝ ࠕࢸࣞࣅࠖ
➇த┦ᡭ㸸 ➇த┦ᡭ㸸 ➇த┦ᡭ㸸
⣙10ㄒ ࠕࢸࣞࢱࣉࠖ ȭ ࠕࢸࣞࢵࢡࢫࠖ
ࠕࢸࣞࣃࢩ࣮ࠖ
ࠕࢸࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠊࠕࢸ࡛ࠖጞࡲࡿㄒࡀ࠸ࡃࡘࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊఱࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠕࢸ
ࣞࠖ㛗ࡃࡍࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࡲࡔࠕࢸࣞࣃࢩ࣮ࠖ࡞ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚࠶࠸ࡲ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ࡉࡽ㛗ࡃࠕࢸࣞࣅࠖࡍࢀࡤࠊ㸦ȭ࡛⾲ࡋࡓࡼ࠺㸧➇ྜࡍࡿࡶࡢ̿̿ྠࡌ㡢࣭ᩥᏐࢆᣢࡘእ᮶ㄒ
̿̿ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ㸦࢞ࣜ⾲⌧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺㸧ࠕࢸࣞࣅࢪࣙࣥࠖࡢࡇ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ15
ྠᵝࠊ࠼ࡤࠕࢥࣥࣃࢽ࣮㸦company㸧ࠖࡀࠕࢥࣥࣃࠖ࡞ࡿ㸦ࡕ࡞ࡳࠕ࢝ࣥࣃࠖࡣࣟࢩㄒ ࡢࠕ࢝ࣥࣃࢽ㸦kampaniya㸧ࠖࡢ␎㸧ࡢࡶࠊࠕࢥࣥࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࠖࠊࠕࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺࠖࠊࠕࢥ
ࣥࢧ࣮ࢺࠖࠊࠕࢥࣥࢭࣥࢺࠖࠊࠕࢥࣥࢳ࢙ࣝࢺࠖࠊࠕࢥࣥࢹࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕࢥࣥࢸࢫࢺࠖࠊࠕࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࠖࠊࠕࢥ
ࣥࢺࣛࣂࢫࠖࠊࠕࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࠖࠊࠕࢥࣥࣂࣥࠖࠊࠕࢥࣥࣅࢼ࣮ࢺࠖࠊࠕࢥࣥࣅࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕࢥࣥࣉࣞࢵ
ࢡࢫࠖࠊࠕࢥ࣮ࣥ࣋ࣖࠖ࡞➇த┦ᡭࡀከᩘ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊࠕࢥࣥࣃࠖ3࣮ࣔࣛᚲせ࡞ࡿㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ
ࡼ࠺ࠋ16 ࡘࡲࡾࠊࠕࢥࣥࠖࡀ㔜㡢⠇ࡔࡽチࡉࢀ࡞࠸࠸࠺㸦16b㸧ࡼࡿㄝ࡛᫂࠶ࡿᚲせࡣࡲࡗࡓ ࡃ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡢᮏㄽࡢᥦࡢᨭᣢ࡞ࡿ̿̿ࠗᅜ ➨∧࠘ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶཎㄒࡀ㍕ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿ̿̿ࢆࠊ➇த┦ᡭࡢࡇࡶゐࢀ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ௨ୗᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡍࡿࠋ
㸦22㸧 a. ࢹ࣐ࢦࢠ࣮Ѝࢹ࣐㸦ࠕࢹࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࢹࢥ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕࢹࢨࢼ࣮ࠖࠊࠕࢹࣀ࣑
ࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࠖࠊࠕࢹࣔࢡࣛࢩ࣮ࠖ࡞ࡽ༊ู࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ㸧
b. ࣜࣁ࣮ࢧࣝ Ѝ ࣜࣁ 㸦ࠕࣜࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࣜࣜࢸ࣮ࠖࠊࠕࣜࢡ࢚ࢫࢺࠖࠊࠕࣜࢧࢱ
ࣝࠖࠊࠕࣜࢽ࣮ࣗࣝࠖࠊࠕࣜࣂ࣮ࢩࣈࣝࠖࠊࠕࣜࣇࣞࢵࢩࣗࠖࠊࠕ࣏࣮ࣜࢱ࣮ࠖ࡞ೃ⿵ㄒࡀ ከᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸧
c. ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ Ѝ ࣥࢣ 㸦ࠕࣥࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࣥࢥ࣮ࣝࠖࠊࠕࣥࢧࣥࣈࣝࠖࠊࠕࣥ
ࣃࠖࠊࠕࣥࣔࢼࢺࠖࠊࠕࣥࣔࢽࠖ࡞༊ู࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ㸧
d. ࣮࢜ࢣࢫࢺࣛ Ѝ ࢜ࢣ 㸦ࠕ࢜ࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕ࣮࢜ࢡࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕ࣮࢜ࢹࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕ࢜
࢟ࢩࢻ࣮ࣝࠖࠊࠕ࢜ࢡࢱ࣮ࣈࠖࠊࠕ࢜ࣈࢨ࣮ࣂ࣮ࠖࠊࠕ࢜ࣈ࣮ࣛࢺࠖࠊࠕ࣮࢜ࣛࣥ࢘ࢱࣥࠖࠊࠕ࢜
ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠖࠊࠕ࢜ࣝࢦ࣮ࣝࠖ࡞ከᩘೃ⿵ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚⣮ࡽࢃࡋ࠸ࡀࠊࠕ࢜ࢣ࡛ࠖ࠶ࢀࡤᑐ ᢠࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ㸧
e. ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ Ѝ ࢩ࣏ࣥ 㸦ࠕࢩࣥࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࢩࣥࢭࢧࢲ࣮ࠖࠊࠕࢩࣥࣇ࢛ࢽ࣮ࠖ
࡞༊ู࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ㸧
f. ࢲࣖࣔࣥࢻ Ѝ ࢲࣖ 㸦ࠕࢲࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࢲ࢚ࢵࢺࠖࠊࠕࢲ࢜࢟ࢩࣥࠖࠊࠕࢲ
ࢪ࢙ࢫࢺࠖࠊࠕࢲࢼ࣐ࢺࠖࠊࠕࢲࣅࣥࢢࠖ࡞ࡢೃ⿵ㄒࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚࠶࠸ࡲ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸧 g. ࣇ࢙ࢫࢸࣂࣝ Ѝ ࣇ࢙ࢫ 㸦ࠕࣇ࢙ࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࣇ࢙ࣥࢩࣥࢢࠖ࡞༊ู࡛ࡁ࡞
࠸ࠋ㸧
h. ࣮࢜ࢺ࣐ࢳࢵࢡЍ࣮࢜ࢺ࣐㸦ࠕ࣮࢜ࢺࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕ࣮࢜ࢺࣂࠖࠊࠕ࣮࢜ࢺ࣓࣮
ࢩࣙࣥࠖ࡞ࡽ༊ู࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ㸧
i. ࣉࣟࣇ࣮ࣝ Ѝ ࣉࣟࣇ 㸦ࠕࣉࣟࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࠖࠊࠕࣉࣟࢲࢡࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊ ࠕࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࠖࠊࠕࣉࣟࢹ࣮ࣗࢧ࣮ࠖࠊࠕࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࢼࣝࠖࠊࠕࣉ࣏࣮ࣟࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕࣉ
࣏࣮ࣟࢬࠖࠊࠕࣉࣟࣞࢱࣜࠖࠊࠕࣉ࣮ࣟࣟࢢࠖࠊࠕࣉࣟࣥࣉࢱ࣮ࠖ࡞ࠊ➇த┦ᡭࡀከᩘ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋ㸧17
j. ࢥࣥࣅࢽ࢚ࣥࢫ㸦ࢫࢺ㸧 Ѝ ࢥࣥࣅࢽ 㸦ࠕࢥࣥࣅࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࢥࣥࣅࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊ ࠕࢥࣥࣅࢼ࣮ࢺࠖ࡞༊ู࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ㸧
k. ࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥЍࣉࣜ㸦ࠕࣉࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖ࡞ࡢ➇த┦ᡭࡀ
࠶ࡿࠋ㸧
l. ࣃࣥࢡࢳࣗ Ѝ ࣃࣥࢡ 㸦ࠕࣃࣥࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࣃࣥࢱࢢࣛࣇࠖࠊࠕࣃࣥࢺ࣐࣒ࠖࠊࠕࣃ
ࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺࠖ࡞༊ู࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ㸧
m. ࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺ Ѝ ࣃࣥࣇ 㸦㸦22l㸧ࢆཧ↷㸧
ࡉࡽࠊࠗᅜ࠘ࡣཎㄒࡀ㍕ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ㄒᙡ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᖖࡼࡃ⪥ࡍࡿ▷⦰࡛࠶ࡾࠊୖ㏙ࡢ ᥦἢࡗ࡚㐺ษㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡶࡢࢆࠊ➇த┦ᡭ࡞ࡾᚓࡿㄒඹᣲࡆࡼ࠺ࠋ18
㸦23㸧 a. ࣮࢜࣌ࣞࢩࣙࣥ㸭࣮࢜࣌ࣞࢱ࣮ Ѝ ࢜࣌ 㸦㸦22d㸧ࢆཧ↷ࠋࠕ࢜࣌ࣞࢵࢱࠖ࠸࠺5
࣮ࣔࣛㄒࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣࢱࣜㄒࡽࡢఏ᮶ㄒ࡛࠶ࡾࠊḷࢆ⾲ࡍࡸࡸ≉Ṧ࡞⏝ㄒ
࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ➇த┦ᡭࡣ࡞ࡾࡃ࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ㸧
b. ࣏ࣥࢺ࣓ࣥࢺ Ѝ ࣏ 㸦ࠕࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕ࣮ࢳ࢙࣮ࣜࠖࠊࠕࢡࢭࢧ࣮ࣜࠖࠊࠕ
ࢡࢭࣥࢺࠖࠊࠕࢡࣟࣂࢵࢺࠖࠊࠕࢩࢫࢱࣥࢺࠖࠊࠕࢫࣞࢳࢵࢡࠖࠊࠕࢭࢳࣞࣥࠖࠊࠕࢵ
ࣉࣜࢣࠖࠊࠕࢻࣂࢫࠖࠊࠕࢺࣛࢡࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕࢼ࢘ࣥࢫࠖࠊࠕࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕ
ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖࠊࠕࣛ࢝ࣝࢺࠖࠊࠕࣝࢥ࣮ࣝࠖࠊࠕࣝࣂࢺࠖࠊࠕࣝࣇ࣋ࢵࢺࠖࠊࠕ࣑ࣝ
ࢽ࣒࢘ࠖࠊࠕࣞࣝࢠ࣮ࠖࠊࠕࣥࢥ࣮ࣝࠖ࡞ೃ⿵ࡀከࡍࡂࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࠕ࣏࡛ࠖࡶࠕ࣏
ࢫࢺࣟࣇ࣮ࠖ࠸࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀṧࡿࡀࠊࠕ10 ࣏ࢆධࢀࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞࠸᪉ࡣ ࠕ࣏ࣥࢺ࣓ࣥࢺࠖࡢ᪉ࡋࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊุู࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ㸧
c. ࢥࣥ࣌ࢸࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ ࢥࣥ࣌ 㸦᪤㏙ࡢࠕࢥࣥࣃࠖࢆཧ↷㸧 d. ࢥ࣏࣮ࣥࢿࣥࢺ Ѝ ࢥ࣏ࣥ 㸦ྠୖ㸧
e. ࣥࣇࣛࢫࢺࣛࢡࢳ࣮ࣕ Ѝ ࣥࣇࣛ 㸦ࠕࣥࣇࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࣥࣇ࢚ࣝࣥࢨࠖࠊࠕ
ࣥࣇ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖ࡞ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸧
f. ࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫ Ѝ ࣓ࣥࢸ 㸦ࠕ࣓ࣥࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕ࣓ࣥࢱࣜࢸ࣮ࠖࠊࠕ࣓ࣥࢯ࣮ࣝࠖ࡞
༊ู࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ㸧
g. ࣇࣥࢹ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ ࣇࣥࢹ 㸦ࠕࣇࣥࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࣇࣥࢱࢪ࣮ࠖ࡞༊ู
࡛ࡁࡎࠊࡲࡓࠊfanࡶΰྠࡍࡿࠋ㸧
h. ࣏ࣥࢸࣥࢶ Ѝ ࣏ࣥ 㸦ࠕࣥࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࣥࢢࣜࢵࢩࣗࠖࠊࠕࣥࢫࢱࣥࢺࠖࠊ ࠕࣥࢫࢺ࣮ࣝࠖࠊࠕࣥࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࠖࠊࠕࣥࢫࣆ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕࣥࢱ࣮ࢳ࢙ࣥࢪࠖࠊ ࠕࣥࢱ࣮ࣂࣝࠖࠊࠕࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࠖࠊࠕࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࠖࠊࠕࣥࢹࣥࠖࠊࠕࣥࢸࣜࠖࠊࠕ
ࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕࣥࣃࢡࢺࠖࠊࠕࣥࣇ࢛࣓࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕࣥࣇ࢚ࣝࣥࢨࠖࠊࠕࣥࣇ
࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖ࡞ೃ⿵ㄒከᩘ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ3࣮ࣔࣛ┠ࡢࠕ࣏ࠖࡲ࡛ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸧
㸦22㸧㸦23㸧ᣲࡆࡓࡣࠊ㸦16㸧ࡢไ⣙㢮ࡸࠊࢡࢭࣥࢺࢆ㢗ࡾࡍࡿLabruneㄝࡸࠊᨃఝ」ྜ
ㄒ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ❑ⷵㄝࡼࡽࡎࡶ㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊࢡࢭࣥࢺㄝࡸ➼ศἲ࡛ࡣㄗࡗࡓண ࢆࡋ
࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠕ࣏ࣥࢺ࣓ࣥࢺࠖ࡞࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸧ࠊ➇த┦ᡭࡢ᭷↓࠸࠺ほⅬࡽࠊ᫂ᛌ࡞ㄝ᫂ࡀྍ
⬟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊእ᮶ㄒ࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ࠼ࡤ㸦」ྜㄒࡢ㸧ࠕࡘࡅࡲࡘࡆࠖࡣࠕࡘࡅࡲࠖ࠸࠺ලྜ
▷⦰ᙧࢆ3 ࣮ࣔࣛࡍࡿࡢࡶࠊࠕࡘࡅࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࡘࡅࡸࡁࡤࠖ࡞ΰྠࡍࡿࡽࠊ࠸ࡗࡓㄝ
᫂ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊ௨ୗᣲࡆࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡣࠊᮏㄽࡗ࡚ࡣ᭷ࡶࡶゝ࠼࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦24㸧 a. ࢚ࣟࣅࢡࢫ Ѝ ࢚ࣟࣅ
b. ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ ࣉࣞࢮࣥ
c. ࢚࢜ࣜࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ 㸦᪂ධ⏕࣭᪂ධ♫ဨ㸧࢜ࣜ
d. 㸦ࢿࢵࢺࡸ࣓࣮ࣝࡢヰ㢟࡛㸧ࣞࢫ࣏ࣥࢫ Ѝ ࣞࢫ e. ࢥ࣮ࣛ࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ ࢥࣛ࣎
ࠕ࢚࡛ࣟࠖጞࡲࡿእ᮶ㄒࡣࠊࠗᅜ࡛࠘ࡣࠕ࢚ࣟࣅࢡࢫࠖࡋぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ␎ࡣ㸦ࠕ࢚
ࣟࣅ࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃ㸧ࠕ࢚࡛ࣟࠖ༑ศ࠸࠺ண ࡞ࡿࠋᮏㄽ࡛ࡣࠊࡈࡃᬑ㏻ࡢேࡢㄒᙡᩘྜ࠺ࡼ
࠺ࠊ㘓ㄒᩘࡢከࡃ࡞࠸㎡᭩ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ♧ࢆࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊከࡃࡢ␎ㄒࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡢࡣⱝ࠸ୡ ௦࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᙼ࣭ᙼዪࡽࡀ᪥ࠎ᥋ࡍࡢࡣࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ࠼ࡤࠊGoogle ࡛ࡢኚ
ೃ⿵࡞ࢆཧ⪃➇த┦ᡭࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ᪉ࡀዲࡲࡋ࠸ࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋヨࡋGoogle ᳨⣴࡛ࠕ࠼
࠶ࢁࠖධࢀ࡚ࡳࡿࠊࠕ࢚ࣟࣂࢡࠖࠊࠕ࢚ࣟࢫ࣑ࢫࠖࠊࠕ࢚ࣟࢤࣝࠖࠊࠕ࢚ࣟࣅࢡࢫࠖࠊࠕ࢚
࣏ࣟࢫࢸ࣮ࣝࠖࠊࠕ࢚ࣟࣇࣞࢵࢡࢫࠖࠊࠕ࢚ࣟࣉࣞࢫࠖ࠸ࡗࡓೃ⿵ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࠕ࢚
ࣟࣅࠖ➨4࣮ࣔࣛࡲ࡛♧ࡉ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠕ࢚ࣟࣅࢡࢫࠖ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋḟࠊ㸦24b, c, d㸧 ࡢࠕࣉࣞࢮࣥࠖࠊࠕ࢜ࣜࠖࠊࠕࣞࢫࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ▷⦰ᙧ࡛ࡣࠊࠕࣉࣞࢮࣥࢺࠖࠊࠕ࢚࢜ࣜࣥࢸ࣮ࣜࣥࢢࠖࠊࠕࣞ
ࢫࢺࣛࣥࠖࡸࠕࣞࢫࣜࣥࢢࠖ࠸ࡗࡓೃ⿵ࡢ༊ูࡀၥ㢟࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊᥦ♧࣭ㄝ᫂ࡢ ሙ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᏛᰯ࣭♫ࡢ⾜㛵㐃ࡋ࡚ࠊࢿࢵࢺࡸ࣓࣮ࣝ㛵ࡍࡿヰ㢟࡛ࠊ࠸ࡗࡓලྜࠊࡑࢀ
ࡽࡀࢃࢀࡿࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺࡼࡗ࡚ఱࢆᣦࡍࡢࡀ༑ศ᥎ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀ௨ୖ㛗ࡃ࠶ࡿᚲせࡣ
࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ19 㸦24e㸧ࡢࠕࢥࣛ࣎ࠖࡢሙྜࠊࠕࢥ࡛ࣛࠖጞࡲࡿ 5 ࣮ࣔࣛ௨ୖࡢእ᮶ㄒࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ
࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࠕࢥࣛࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡶ༑ศ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢࠕࢥࣛ࣎ࠖ࠸࠺␎ㄒࡣࠊ㡢 ᴦ㛵ಀ⪅࡞ࡢ࠸ࢃࡤᑓ㛛⏝ㄒⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᑡࡋ≉Ṧ࡞ࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ20
࠶ࡘὀពࡍࡁⅬࢆ⿵グࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋࠕࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ㸦࣮࣎ࣝ㸧ࠖЍࠕࣂࢫࢣࠖ࠸࠺▷⦰ࡣࠊ
ูࡢ᮲௳ࡀാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕࣂࢫ࡛ࠖጞࡲࡿእ᮶ㄒࡣࠊ」ྜㄒ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠕࣂࢫ࣭ࢱ࢜ࣝࠖࠊࠕࣂ
ࢫ࣭࣮࣒ࣝࠖࠊࠕࣂࢫ࣭࣮ࣟࣈࠖࠊࠕࣂࢫ࣭ࢱ࣮࣑ࢼࣝࠖࡢࡼ࠺࠸ࡃࡘ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ༢⣧ㄒ࡛ࡣぢᙜࡓࡽ
࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࠕࣂࢫࠖ࠸࠺␎ࡋ᪉࡛ࡶኵᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ᪤Ꮡࡢࠕࣂࢫ㸦bus, bass,
bath㸧ࠖ༊ูࡀࡘ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛㜼Ṇࡉࢀࠊࠕࣂࢫࢣࠖ࡞ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊඹ
≀౯㛵ࡍࡿ⤒῭⏝ㄒ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࠕࣥࣇ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࡢ␎ࡣࠕࣥࣇࣞࠖ4࣮ࣔࣛࡔࡀࠊࠕࢹࣇ
࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࡢ␎ࡣ3࣮ࣔࣛࡢࠕࢹࣇࣞࠖ࠸࠺ලྜ㛗ࡉࡀ␗࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸦ᇶయ㒊ศࡣྠࡌ࡛ࡶࠊ㸧
᥋㢌㎡ࡢin-de-ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࠊࠕࣥࣇࣞࠖࡢ᪉ࡀ➇த┦ᡭࡀከࡗࡓࡢ࡛㛗ࡃ
࡞ࡗࡓࠊ࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
ˑȅ͂͛͂͘ജབġ
▷⦰ㄒ㛵ࡋ࡚ᚑ᮶ࡢ◊✲࡛ၐ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠕLH࠸࠺୪ࡧࡣチࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ไ⣙࡛
ࡣࠊ࠼ࡤ*He are students.ࡀ㠀ᩥἲⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆࠊࠕ୕ே⛠༢ᩘ᱁ࡢே⛠௦ྡモbeࡢ」ᩘᙧ
࠾ࡼࡧே⛠༢ᩘ┤᥋ἲ⌧ᅾᙧྡモࡢ」ᩘᙧࡣඹ㉳ࡋ࡞࠸ࠖゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ
࠺㸽 ࠶ࡗࡉࡾࠕே⛠࣭ᩘࡀ୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸ࡽ࢘ࢺࠖㄝ᫂ࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ▷⦰ᙧࡘ
࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㝖ࡍࡁ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࢆಶูᣦᐃࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡼࡾࡶࠊࠕ➇த┦ᡭࡀ࠸ࡿ࣭࠸࡞࠸ࠖ࠸
࠺༢⣧᫂ᛌ࡞ᇶ‽࡛ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ᪉ࡀඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
㸳㸬㸯㸬ⱥㄒࡢᛂ⏝
ࡉࡽࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ␎ㄒᙧᡂࣃࢱ࣮ࣥᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊࠕ1㔜㡢⠇ࡣྍ㸸 ࣮ࣟࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ *࣮ࣟࠖ
➼ࡢไ⣙ࢆタࡅ࡚࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊゝㄒᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞㆟ㄽࡣ࡞ࡽࡎࠊಶูゝㄒⓗ࡞Ỵࡲࡾࢆ㏣ồࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡍ ࡂ࡞࠸ࡇࡀၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊⱥㄒ࡛ࡣprofessional/prostitute Ѝ pro [prou]࡞ࡀྍ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ
␎ㄒ࡛1㔜㡢⠇ࡀ㝖ࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉ࠊᮏㄽࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ➇த┦ᡭࡀ࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ▷ࡃ࡚ࡶࡼ
࠸ࡀࠊ➇த┦ᡭࡀከࡅࢀࡤ㸦༊ูࡢࡓࡵ㸧㛗ࡃ࡞ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸࠸࠺ᤊ࠼᪉࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ௨ እࡶ㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊexaminationࡢ␎ࡀex࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃexam࡞ࡿࡢࡣࠊex-ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣೃ⿵ㄒ ࡀከࡍࡂ࡚ྠᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡽ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡶࠊinformation Ѝ info, discotheque Ѝ disco, prefabricated house Ѝ prefab࡞ࡣࠊin-, dis-, pre-ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣೃ⿵ㄒࡀከࡍࡂࡓࡢ࡛2㡢⠇┠ࡀᚲ せ࡛࠶ࡗࡓㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊadvertisement Ѝ ad࠸ࡗࡓ▷⦰ᙧࡣࠊ୍ぢ▷ࡍࡂ࡚࠶࠸ࡲ࠸
࡞ࡾࡑ࠺ࡔࡀࠊadministrationࡣadmin.࠸࠺␎ㄒࡀ࠶ࡾࠊadvantage Ѝ ad࠸࠺┬␎ࡣࢸ ࢽࢫ⏝ㄒ㝈ࡽࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡽࠊၥ㢟࡞࠸ࠋࡶࡋࠊadvertisementࢆ❑ⷵㄝᚑࡗ࡚ࡰ➼ศ
ࡍࡿࠊadvertࡋㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡶὀពࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊinfluenza Ѝ flu, refrigerator Ѝ fridge࡞ࡣࠊin-ࡸre-࡛ጞࡵ࡚ࡣ➇㉮┦ᡭࡀ⭾ࡔࡋࠊ
influ, refridge࡛ࡣࡸࡸ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡾࡍࡂࡿࡢ࡛ࠊྜ⌮ⓗ̿̿ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ↓㥏࡞➇தࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡓࡵ
̿̿୰ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ➇த┦ᡭࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡲ࡛ఙࡤࡍࠊ࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤఙࡤࡉ࡞࠸ࠊ
࠸࠺ᮏㄽࡢㄝࡀ㛫᥋ⓗᨭᣢࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ21 Street ࡢ␎ࡋ࡚ࡣ St.ࡀ☜❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ
Stationࡢ᪉ࡣSta.ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡶࠊᮏㄽࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡢṇࡋࡉࡢഐド࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ
㸳㸬㸰㸬ṧࡉࢀࡓၥ㢟
ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣࠊᮏㄽࡢᥦࡔࡅ࡛ࡣㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡎṧࡿၥ㢟ࠊࡑࢀࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞どⅬ࡞
ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ
ࠕࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࡽ␎ㄒࢆసࡿሙྜࠊᮏㄽࡢᥦᇶ࡙ࡅࡤࠊࠕ࡛ࣛࠖጞࡲࡿㄒࡣ
ࢇ࡞࠸㸦ࡘࡲࡾ➇த┦ᡭࡀ࠸࡞࠸㸧ࡢ࡛ࠊ▷⦰ᙧࡣࠕࣛࠖண ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࡞ࡐࠕ
ࣛࢫࢺࠖ࠸࠺ලྜ㛗ࡵࡢ␎ㄒࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡢࡀ᫂ࡢࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ❑ⷵᬕኵẶ㸦ಶேⓗᑐヰ㸧ࡣࠊ
ࠕࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࡢࡼ࠺8࣮ࣔࣛࡶ࠶ࡿ㛗࠸ㄒࡣࠊ㸦࠼ࡤࠕࢫࢺࣛ࢟ࠖࡢࡼ࠺5࣮ࣔ
ࣛࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ㄒẚ࡚ࠊ㸧␎ㄒࡶ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡿᙇࡍࡿࠋ┤ほⓗࡣ㸦␎ㄒࡶࠊඖࠎࡀ㸧㛗࠸ࡶ
ࡢࡣ㛗ࡃࠊ▷࠸ࡶࡢࡣ▷ࡃ࡞ࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࡢࡣṇࡋ࠸ࡼ࠺ឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ࡞ࡐ ࠕࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖ௨ୖ㛗࠸ࠕࢹࣔࣥࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࡢ␎ㄒࢆࠕࢹࣔࣥࢫࢺࠖࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛
࠶ࢁ࠺㸽 ࡸࡣࡾࠊཎㄒࡢ㛗ࡉᇶ‽࡛ࡣ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡛ࡣࠊࠕࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖ
ࡽࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇࢆࡢࡼ࠺ㄝ᫂ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸽 ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆ➹⪅ࡢࢮ࣑
⏕ࡓࡕᢞࡆࡅࡓࡇࢁࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ⓑ࠸ពぢࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋ
㸦25㸧 a. ᴗ⏺࡛ࡣࠕࣛࠖ␎ࡍࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
b. ࠕࣛࢫࢺ࣭ࣉࣜࣥࢱ࣮ࠖ࡞ࠊ」ྜㄒࡢせ⣲ࡋ࡚ࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖࢆ࠺ࡢ࡛ࠊࡶࡣࡸ
ࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖࢆ␎ㄒࡋ࡚ព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ㸽 ࡲࡓࠊࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖࡀࠕࣛࢫࢺ
࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࡢ␎㸦▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࣥࢸ࡛ࣜࠊ㸧▱ࡽ࡞࠸ேࡀከ࠸ࡣࡎࠋ
c. ࠕࢫࢺࠖࡸࠕࢹࣔࠖࡣ᪂⪺⣬㠃࡞ࡼࡃ㍕ࡗࡓㄒࡔࢁ࠺ࡽࠊ▷࠸ࡶࡢࡀዲࡲࢀࡓࡣ ࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖࡣࡑࢀ⣬㠃㍕ࡗࡓㄒࡣᛮࢃࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡔࡽࠊ ᴟ➃▷ࡃࡍࡿᚲせࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸽
d. ᭱ึࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖࢆࡗࡓேࡣࠊࠕࣃࢯࢥࣥࠖࡳࡓ࠸㸦4࣮ࣔࣛࡢ㸧ࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖࡀ
࢝ࢵࢥ࠸࠸ᛮࡗ࡚ゝࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ㸽
ࡇࢀࡽࡣ᥎ ࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᐇࡣᙜࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㠃ࡶ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡾ☜࡞㆟ㄽࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ␎ㄒࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ⤒⦋࣭Ṕྐ࡞ࡶࡋࡗࡾㄪ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡿࡲ࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀࡣࡇࡢᣋ
✏ࡢᑕ⛬እ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
᭱ᚋࠊࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖ࠸࠺▷⦰ᙧࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ㛵ࡍࡿㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚ࠊࡼࡾ✜ᙜ࡞௦ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚⥾
ࡵࡃࡃࡾࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ➨2⠇➨3⠇࡛ヲ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ2࣮ࣔࣛ1ࣇࢵࢺࡀ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᇶᮏ༢
࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ㠀」ྜㄒࡢ▷⦰ᙧࡶࠊ2࣮ࣔࣛ1ࣇࢵࢺࡀᇶᮏⓗ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡿ⪃࠼࡚ࡼ࠸࡛࠶
ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ2࣮ࣔࣛࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ༑ศ࡞ሙྜࡣࠊࡑࡢಸࡢ4࣮ࣔࣛㄒࡀ̿̿ࡕࡻ࠺」ྜㄒ▷⦰
ྠࡌࡼ࠺̿̿⌧ࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࠕࣛࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣఱࡀ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡣࡣࡗࡁࡾࡋ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࠕ
ࣛࢫ࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊࣇࢵࢺ㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢥ࣮ࣟࣥ㸧࠸࠺༢ࡀ㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡶࡢᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࠕࣜࣁࣅࣜࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࡸࠕࣥࢸࣜࢤࣥࢳࣕࠖࡀࠊࠕࣜࣁࣅࠖࡸࠕࣥࢸ࡛ࠖࡶ༑
ศ࡞ࡣࡎࡔࡀࠊࠕࣜࣁࣅࣜࠖࠊࠕࣥࢸࣜࠖ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡶ♧၀ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ22 ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ3 ࣮ࣔࣛࡢ
▷⦰ᙧࡢ᪉ࡀࠊఱࡽࡢูࡢせᅉ㸦࠼ࡤࠊὀ15 ࡸ4.2.⠇ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡓࡾ࡛ࠕࢸࣞࣅࠖࡸࠕࣂࢫ ࢣࠖ㛵ࡋ࡚ゐࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡞㸧ࡀാ࠸ࡓ≉Ṧ࣭እⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
ಕġ
* ᮏ✏ࡣࠊᒣཱྀᏛ㛫Ꮫ◊✲ᡤദࡢ➨25ᅇ㛫Ꮫࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮㸦2013ᖺ3᭶1᪥ࠊ㸸ᒣཱྀᏛ⥲ྜ◊✲Ჷࣇ࢛࣮
࣒ࣛࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ㸧ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᮾி㡢㡩ㄽ◊✲㸦TCP㸧ࡢ㸦2013ᖺ4᭶20᪥ࠊ㸸ᮾிᏛ㥖ሙ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ㸧࠾࠸
࡚ㅮ₇ࡋࡓෆᐜࢆࡲࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋཧຍㅖẶࡽከࡃࡢ㉁ၥ࣭ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊෆᐜ⪃࠸ᙺ❧ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ㈗㔜࡞ࣄࣥࢺࢆ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡓ༞ᴗ◊✲ࡢࢮ࣑⏕ࡓࡕ㸦ᒣෆேࠊᒸ㔝ᬛୡࠊ๓⏣⨾✑㸧ࡶឤㅰࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
1. ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ᥋㎡ࡢ࠸ࡓὴ⏕ㄒ㸦derivative㸧࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ⊂❧ࡋࡓㄒࡋ࡚ࡢせ⣲ࡀ1ࡘࡋྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡶ
ࡢࡣࠕ༢⣧ㄒࠖࡪࡇࡍࡿࠋ
2. ࠗ⌧௦ゝㄒᏛ㎡࠘㸦ᡂ⨾ᇽࠊ1997㸧ࡣࠊ“foot”࠸࠺⏝ㄒࡢゎㄝ࡛ࠊࠕྂリᏛ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ༢ࡣ㊊ࢆ
྇ࡃࡇࡽᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿ⪃࠼ࡓࡇ⏤᮶ࡍࡿࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࡇࢀࡣࠊࠕ㊊࡛྇ࡃࠖࡀṇࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࢃ
ࢀࡿࠋ
3. ௨๓ࡣࠊfootࢆࠕ㡩⬮ࠖ࠸࠺ලྜከᑡ↓⌮ヂࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸦ࠗᏛ⾡⏝ㄒ㞟 ゝㄒᏛ⦅࠘㸦᪥ᮏᏛ⾡⯆ࠊ1997㸧
࡞ࢆཧ↷㸧ࠊ❑ⷵ㸦1995㸧࠾ࡼࡧ❑࣭ⷵኴ⏣㸦1998㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡉࡾࠕࣇࢵࢺࠖ࠸࠺ヂㄒࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚௨㝆ࡣࠊ㡢㡩ㄽ
⣔ࡢᏛ࡛ࡣࠕࣇࢵࢺࠖࡢ⏝ࡀᐃ╔ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᮏ⠇ࡢෆᐜࡣࡇࡢ❑࣭ⷵኴ⏣㸦1998㸧ࡢ➨ϩ㒊➨3❶ࢆᇶࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ
4. ࠼ࡤanecdoteࡣ<anec><dote Ԧ>࠸࠺ලྜḞ⠇ࢆ௬ᐃ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊリ࡛ࡶࠕᙉᙅᙅ᱁ࠖ㸦dactyl㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿ
ࡢ࡛ࠊcameraࢆయ࡛1ࣇࢵࢺࡋ࡚ᢅࡗ࡚ࡶ࠾ࡋࡃࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
5. ࠕ࣮ࣔࣛࠖࡣࠕᢿࠖࡰྠࡌព࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊᇶᮏⓗࠊ௬ྡ1ᩥᏐ┦ᙜࡍࡿ㛗ࡉࡀ1࣮࡛ࣔࣛ࠶ࡿ̿̿ࡓ ࡔࡋࠊᣉ㡢ࡢࠕࡁࡷࠖ࡞ࡣࠊ2ᩥᏐ⏝࠸࡚࠸࡚ࡶ㛗ࡉࡣ1࣮࡛ࣔࣛ࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ㡢⠇ᵓ㐀ࡣẚ㍑ⓗ༢⣧࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ ከࡃࡢሙྜࠊ1㡢⠇ࡣ1୍࣮ࣔࣛ⮴ࡍࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ㛗㡢㸦࣮㸧ࠊಁ㡢㸦ࡗ㸧ࠊ᧕㡢㸦ࢇ㸧࠾ࡼࡧ㔜ẕ㡢ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿ
ࡁࡣࠊ2࣮࡛ࣔࣛ1㡢⠇࡞ࡿࠋ
㔜ẕ㡢ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿドᣐࡋ࡚ࠊ࠼ࡤࠕධᏛᘧࠖࠕ㛤ᘧࠖࡢࢡࢭࣥࢺࢆෆ┬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࠋࠕᘧࠖࡢࡼ
࠺࡞▷࠸ㄒࡀᚋ༙࠸ࡓ」ྜㄒࡣࠊ๓༙せ⣲ࡢ᭱ᚋࢡࢭࣥࢺ㸦᰾㸧ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࣆࢵࢳࡢࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕධᏛᘧ࡛ࠖࡣ-ku-࡛ࣆࢵࢳࡀⴠࡕࡿࡢᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ㛤ᘧ࡛ࠖࡣࠊࠕ㸦kai㸧ࠖࡢi࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃa࡛ࣆࢵࢳࡀⴠࡕࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ aࡀ㡢⠇ࡢ୰ᚰ࡞ࡗࡓ㔜ẕ㡢ࢆ௬ᐃࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ/kaJ/ࡸ/kay/࠸ࡗࡓ㡢⣲⾲グࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
6. ࠼ࡤࠊ㸦࡞ࡾྂ࠸ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊྂࡃࡽ࠶ࡿ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸧ࠕࣔࢲ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝࠖЍࠕࣔ࢞ࠖࠊࠕ࣮࣋ࢫࢵࣉࠖЍࠕ࣋
ࠖ࡞ࡣ1࣮ࣔࣛࡎࡘࡋṧࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊ㛗㡢࣭ಁ㡢࠸ࡗࡓ≉Ṧ࣮ࣔࣛࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ㛵ಀࡋ ࡓእゝ࠼ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࠕࣇ࣮࣐࣮ࣜࢣࢵࢺࠖЍࠕࣇ࣐ࣜࠖࠊࠕࢫࣀ࣮࣮࣎ࢻࠖЍࠕࢫࣀ࣎ࠖࠊࠕᐙᗞᩍᖌࠖ
Ѝࠕ࢝ࢸ࢟ࣙࠖ࡞ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᚋ༙せ⣲㛗㡢ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿሙྜࡣࠊᚋ༙ࡔࡅ1࣮ࣔࣛࡍࡿࡀከ࠸ࡇࡶὀព ࡉࢀࡓ࠸㸦ࡇࢁࡀࠊࠕࢫࣀ࣮࣎ࠖࡸࠕ࢝ࢸ࣮࢟ࣙࠖࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡉࡽࠊࠕࢫࢣ࣮ࢺ࣮࣎ࢻࠖࡢ␎ࡣ࡞ࡐࠕࢫࢣ࣮࣎ࠖ
࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡸࡸࡇࡋ࠸㸧ࠋࡋࡋࠊࠕࢫ࢝ࣃ࣮ࣇ࢙ࢡTVࠖЍࠕࢫ࢝ࣃ࣮ࠖࠊࠕࣔࣂࣝࢤ࣮࣒ࠖЍࠕࣔࣂࢤ࣮ࠖࠊࠕࣟ
ࣥࢻࣥࣈ࣮ࢶ1ྕ2ྕࠖЍࠕࣟࣥࣈ࣮ࠖࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᚋ༙せ⣲ࡢ㛗㡢ࡀࡑࡢࡲࡲṧࡿ␎⛠ࡶࡲࡲฟࡃࢃࡍࠋ୍᪉ࠊࠕࣟ
ࣖࣝ࣍ࢫࢺࠖЍࠕࣟ࣍ࠖࠊࠕࢫ࣐࣮ࢺࣇ࢛ࣥࠖЍࠕࢫ࣐࣍ࠖࠊࠕ⌮⣔ዪᏊࠖЍࠕࣜࢣࢪࣙࠖࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ㛗㡢ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡚
ࡶ3࣮ࣔࣛࡵࡿࡶ᭱㏆ࡣቑ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
7. 」ྜㄒࡢ▷⦰ᙧΰᡂㄒ㸦blend㸧ࡣࠊ2ㄒࡽ୍㒊ࡎࡘࢆྲྀࡾฟࡍ࠸࠺ព࡛ࡣྠࡌࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ༊ูࡀ 㞴ࡋ࠸ሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᐇ㝿ࠊᙳᒣ㸦2004㸧࠾࠸࡚ࡉ࠼ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢΰᡂㄒࡢࡋ࡚ࠕࢹࢪࢱ࣓ࣝ࢝ࣛࠖࡢ
▷⦰ᙧࡢࠕࢹࢪ࣓࢝ࠖࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ࠸ࡗࡓΰࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ㸦ΰᡂㄒࡣࠊbrunch ѡ breakfast + lunchࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ ཎㄒࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࢆᣦࡍࡼ࠺సࡽࢀࡿࡇὀពࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ㸧ࡋࡋࠊⱥㄒࡢሙྜࡣពእ⡆༢࡞༊ูࡢ᪉ἲࡀ
࠶ࡿࠋBauer㸦1983㸧ࡼࡿࠊ」ྜㄒࡢࢡࢭࣥࢺࢆಖࡗ࡚࠸ࢀࡤࡑࢀࡣ」ྜㄒࡢ▷⦰ᙧุ᩿ࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸㸦㸸 mídcùlt
ѡ middlebrow culture, sítcòm ѡ situation comedy㸧ࠋ୍᪉ࠊΰᡂㄒ࡞ࡽࡤEurásia ѡ Europe + Asiaࡢࡼ࠺༢⣧ㄒ ࡢࢡࢭࣥࢺࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢࡀከ࠸ࠋ
ࡇࡢࡣࠊࠕᒣཱྀᏛࠖЍࠕᒣࠖࡢࡼ࠺₎Ꮠࢆ୍Ꮠࡎࡘྲྀࡾฟࡍ┬␎ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡇὀពࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋࡶࡋ₎
Ꮠࢆ୍Ꮠࡎࡘྲྀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࠕ࢟ࢱࢡࠖ࡞ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕࢭ࣑ࣛࢵࢡࠖ࠸࠺㝈ᐃⓗ࡞ྡ⛠ࡀ࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸᪉ࡀᴗ✀ᣑᙇࡣ㒔ྜࡀࡼ࠸ࠊ࠸࠺࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡶ▷⦰ᙧࡣ࠶
ࡿࠋிࢭࣛࡢࡶࠊ࠼ࡤࠕᮾὒ㝡ჾࠖࡀࠕTOTOࠖ࠸࠺♫ྡ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡶᴗ✀ᣑᙇᙺ❧ࡗࡓ㐪࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
10. ࡇࡇࡢࡋ࡚ࠊࠕⅆ㐟ࡧ ń ࣄ࣭ࢯࣅࠖ࡞ࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢁࠊTCP࠾࠸࡚ᶫᮏᶞẶࡽࠕ༢
」ྜㄒࢡࢭࣥࢺࡀ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚2␒┠ࡢ࣮ࣔࣛࡀ┠❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࠊ࣏࣮ࢬࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖࡢࡈᣦࢆཷ
ࡅࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ⏝ࢆᖹᯈᘧࢡࢭࣥࢺ࡞ࡿࡶࡢධࢀ᭰࠼ࡓࠋ
11. 㛗ࡃࡣ࡞࠸ㄒࢆࡇࡉࡽ␎ࡍᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ␎ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣ୍ᐃ௨ୖࡢ㛗ࡉࢆᣢࡗࡓㄒ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㛗ࡉࡣࠊᇶ ᮏⓗ5࣮ࣔࣛ௨ୖ࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࠕ࣐ࢳࣗࠖ Ѝ ࠕ࣐ࠖࡢࡼ࠺4࣮ࣔࣛㄒ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ␎ࡉࢀࡿ
ࡣ࠶ࡿࠋ
12. ࡇࡢbࡢつᐃࡼࡾࠊ࠼ࡤ5࣮ࣔࣛㄒࡢࠕࢸࣞࣅࢪࣙࣥࠖࡣࠊ3࣮ࣔࣛࡢࠕࢸࣞࣅࠖ2࣮ࣔࣛࡢࠕࢪࣙࣥࠖ
ศࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࠕ࣮ࣟࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࢆ㸦19㸧ᚑࡗ࡚ศࡅࢀࡤࠕ࣮ࣟࢸ࣮㹺ࢩࣙࣥࠖ࡞ࡿࡀࠊᐇ㝿ࡢฟຊࡣࠕࣟ
࣮ࢸࠖ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ࠼ࡤࠕᮏᙜࠖࠊࠕ᱁ዲࠖࡢㄒᮎ㛗ẕ㡢ࡀࠕ࣍ࣥࢺࠖࠊࠕ࢝ࢵࢥࠖ▷ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇྠᵝ࡛ࠊ᪥
ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ❑ⷵࡣᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ࠕࢽ࣓࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࡢ␎ࡀࠕࢽ࣓࣮ࠖ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡶཧ↷㸧ࠋ
13. ࡋࡋࠊࠕ㹼ᮏࠖ࠸࠺」ྜㄒ࡛ࡣࠊ㛗ࡉࡀ4࣮ࣔࣛ௨ୗ5࣮ࣔࣛ௨ୖ࡛ࡓࡲࡓࡲ㐃⃮ࡢᕪࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊࡑ
ࢀ௨እࡢࡶࡢࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ᫂☜࡞ᕪࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࠕ㟷✵ࠖࠕࡾ✵ࠖࡣࡕࡽࡶࠕ㹼ࢰࣛࠖ࡞ࡿࠋ
14. ࡞࠾ࠊ༢5࣮ࣔࣛ௨ୖࡢࠕࢸࣞࠖࡶࡋࡃࡣࠕ࡚ࢀ࡛ࠖጞࡲࡿㄒ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊྠ㎡ࡣࠊࠕࢸ࣮ࣞ࣍ࣥ࢝ࢻࠖࠊࠕࢸ
ࣞࣅሪࠖࠊࠕ࡚ࢀࡃࡋࠖࠊࠕ࡚ࢀࡃࡉ࠸ࠖࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ༢⣧ㄒࡢእ᮶ㄒ࡛▷⦰ࢆ㉳ࡇࡍྡモࢆၥ㢟ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ᫂ࡽ」ྜㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡸࠊㄒࡸࠊ㸦ရモࡀྡモ࡛࡞ࡃ㸧ᙧᐜモ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡣ㝖࠸ࡓࠋࡕ࡞ࡳࠊ㎡
᭩࡛ࡣྂ⮯ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓㄒ᪂ㄒࡢධࢀ᭰࠼ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊྠ㎡ࡢ➨∧㸦2010㸧࡞ࡿࠊࠕࢸࣞࢱࣉࠖࠊ ࠕࢸࣞࢵࢡࢫࠖࠊࠕࢸ࣮ࣞ࣍ࣥ࢝ࢻࠖࡣእࡉࢀ࡚ࠊࠕࢸࣞࣅࢤ࣮࣒ࠖࠊࠕࢸࣞࣅ࡛ࢇࢃࠖࡀຍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
15. 㟷ᒣᣅኸẶ㸦ಶேⓗᑐヰ㸧ࡽࠊࠕࢸࣞࣅࠖࡀ 3 ࣮ࣔࣛ࡞ࡿࡢࡣࠊࢸࣞࣅࡼࡾඛᏑᅾࡋࡓࠕࣛࢪ࢜ ѡ radiotelegraphyࠖࡢᙳ㡪ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡈᣦࢆ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࠋ
16. ࠕࢥ࡛ࣥࠖጞࡲࡿㄡࡶࡀ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿእ᮶ㄒࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࠕࢥࣥࣃࢫࠖࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊࠕࢥࣥࣃࢫࠖࡣ4࣮ࣔࣛࡋ
࡞࠸ࡢ࡛␎ㄒࡣ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ➇த┦ᡭࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
17. ࠕࣉࣟࣇࠖࡀ㸦㡢࡛࡞ࡃᩥᏐᇶ࡙࠸࡚㸧ࠕࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࢼࣝࠖࡢ␎ΰྠࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣࠊࠕࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩࣙ
ࢼࣝࠖࡣࠕࣉࣟࠖ࠸࠺␎ㄒࡢ⏝ࡀᐃ╔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ࡞࠸ࠋ
18. ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ➇த┦ᡭࡢㄒࡶࠗᅜ ➨∧࠘ࡽࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㸦23f㸧㛵ࡋ࡚ࡔࡅࡣࡢ㎡᭩ࢆཧ⪃ࡋࡓࠋ
19. ࠕࣉࣞࢮࣥࢺࠖࢆࠕࣉࣞࢮࣥࠖࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣࠊࢇ␎ࡋࡓࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࠕࣉࣞࢮ࡛ࣥࠖ
ࡣࠕࣉࣞࢮࣥࢺࠖࢆᣦࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿᚲせࡣࡑࡶࡑࡶ࡞࠸ࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
20. ࡕ࡞ࡳࠊ㸦ࠕ◊✲ᐊࠊᐇ㦂ᐊࠖࡣⱥㄒ࡛ࡣ lab ␎ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣࠕࣛ࣎ࠖ࠸࠺ලྜᚤጁ␗࡞ࡿࡼ
࠺ࠊ㸧collaborationࡢⱥㄒࡢ␎ࡣcollab.࡞ࡿࡇࡶὀពࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
21. ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ」ྜㄒࡢ▷⦰࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࠕ⤖፧άືࠖЍࠕ፧άࠖࡢࡼ࠺୰ࢆṧࡍࡶࡢࡶᩓぢࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ༢⣧ㄒࡢሙ
ྜࡣࠊ㢌ࡽ㡢ࢆࡿࡇࡀᶆ‽ⓗ࡛ࠊⱥㄒࡢfluࡢࡼ࠺୰ࡢせ⣲ࢆᢳฟࡍࡿ␎ㄒࡣࡵࡗࡓฟࡃࢃࡉ࡞࠸ࠋ 22. ࠕࣥࢸࣜࠖࡀᮎᑿࡢࠕࠖࡔࡅᾘ࠼࡚␎ㄒ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣ࠶ࡾࡑ࠺࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࠕࣥࢸࣜࠖࡀ࠶࠸ࡲ࠸
࠸࠺ࡇࡣ࠶ࡿࡲ࠸ࠋ
४ચࡃȪৃങ႒͉જၞȫġ
Bauer, Laurie㸦1983㸧English Word-formation, Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
ูᐑ㈆ᚨ㸦1977㸧ࠗ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࣜࢬ࣒࠘ㅮㄯ♫⌧௦᪂᭩㸬
Ito, Junko㸦1990㸧“Prosodic minimality in Japanese,” CLS 26-II, pp. 213-239.
ᙳᒣኴ㑻㸦2004㸧First Steps in English Linguistics ➨2∧㸪ࡃࢁࡋ࠾ฟ∧㸬
❑ⷵᬕኵ㸦1995㸧ࠗㄒᙧᡂ㡢㡩ᵓ㐀࠘ࡃࢁࡋ࠾ฟ∧㸬
Kubozono, Haruo㸦1996㸧“Syllable and accent in Japanese: Evidence from loanword accentuation,” ࠗ㡢ኌᏛ
ሗ࠘211, pp. 71-82.
Kubozono, Haruo㸦2003㸧“The syllable as a unit of prosodic organization in Japanese,” in C. Féry and R. van de Vijver (eds.) The Syllable in Optimality Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge UP, pp. 99-122.
❑ⷵᬕኵ㸦2004㸧ࠕ㡢㡩ᵓ㐀ࡽぢࡓ༢⣧ㄒὴ⏕ㄒࡢቃ⏺ࠖࠗᩥἲ㡢ኌϫ࠘ࡃࢁࡋ࠾ฟ∧㸪pp. 123-143.
❑ⷵᬕኵ㸦2010㸧ࠕㄒᙧᡂ㡢㡩ᵓ㐀̿▷⦰ㄒᙧᡂࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒̿ࠖࠗᅜㄒ◊ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ࠘3, pp. 17-34.
❑ⷵᬕኵ࣭ᑠᕝྐ㸦2005㸧ࠕࠗࢫࢺࣛ࢟࠘ࡣ࡞ࡐࠗࢫࢺ࠘㸽̿▷⦰༢ㄒศ⠇ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒̿ࠖ▼ᙉ⦅ࠗ⌧
௦ᙧែㄽࡢ₻ὶ࠘ࡃࢁࡋ࠾ฟ∧㸪pp. 155-174.
❑ⷵᬕኵ࣭ኴ⏣⪽㸦1998㸧ࠗ㡢㡩ᵓ㐀ࢡࢭࣥࢺ࠘◊✲♫㸬
Labrune, Laurence㸦2002㸧“The prosodic structure of simple abbreviated loanwords in Japanese: A constraint-based account,” ࠗ㡢ኌ◊✲࠘6-1, pp. 98-120.
NTTࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⛉Ꮫᇶ♏◊✲ᡤ┘ಟ㸦1999㸧ࠗ᪥ᮏㄒࡢㄒᙡ≉ᛶ࠘୕┬ᇽ㸬
