bï e À ãþ a óݪ bî ïÜbà–óï¾bÉÜa@óïàþ a óÉàb§a
‡Ý1a L7
†‡ÉÜa L2 5á î†
ã2010
ïiŠÈÛa@ìzäÛa@¿@
Quoting the ×adÊth in Arabic Morphology
Isu Penggunaan ×adÊth Sebagai Cara IstishhÉddi Dalam Tatabahasa Arab (NaÍu)
ð ïÕÜa@æ 0a@‡jÈ
!"# $% & # ' () *
$ + $ , -$ . / 01'! 2&
.
* 4)' % 0 1! 5)6 % 7 8 9 :;
# % 0 1!< ='+ & * > ? 4; @ # A)1B C6 -046 & -01DE F ,#
. 0G H& I& '1 J KL MN O #
@P' & 2& -0 & @P# % 0 1!< OQ R 2& -0 4L @ # % 0 1!< ST -0 &
2&
UQ! 1 &
.
=V 8 W $ 8 # ' () H4X Y Z I8 4;
Q'& [ # 2S @ # % 0 1!< #
. Q
! D 1+ 2
9K 2& A % E\ # ] 0 1. + ; ^ \ ='V ] '# 1_
A'R # @ +\ J ;` # @P a 2# @=! A =)6 # @% Q_ ' # * 4)'
I; @ B @
W C ! & 2& *<b$
. L S ! & &
-$c *QA @ +\ 2# S# # @=d .S 0)e4 L
. Qfgh 8
$i% A& jD 1+ 26
W V
% 0 1!< '# + e _ # P)'R @% 0 1!< ) \ * ,6
#
@ ' # % 0 1!< k l S ]> 8 m\ 2& 9 n o] E
() p '& 1 ] Sq
0, V . :
< @ @
' @ # ' () @% 0 1!
.
Abstract
The research aims at studying the issue of the ÍadÊth and its impact in enriching the Arabic language by providing it with methods to strengthen its standing and
); @U! \ r J ( # ' () -. V s )
& @ N& '& R @J + .) J ( .
resourcefulness thus contributing to its development and spread. It also provides evidence on the practice of prominent grammarians and linguists in different eras to quote from the ÍadÊth SharÊf, as it also discusses the opposing views of those who ruled out the ÍadÊth as a credible language source in order to revoke their arguments and claims. The study has traced the emergence of three groups in dealing with the issue of citing the ÍadÊth: some permitted it, some opposed and some took a middle position.
The paper also discusses the decision of the Arabic Language Academy in Cairo to allow the citing of the ÍadÊth SharÊf as legitimate evidence to establish grammatical rules but subject to certain conditions. The result of the research and the follow-up study showed that the pioneering figures in Arabic grammar did cite from the ÍadÊth.
Among them are AbË al-‘AbbÉs, al-Mubarrid, AbË ‘AlÊ al-FÉrisÊ, AbË al-BarakÉt al- AnbÉrÊ, AbË Ja‘afar al-NaÍÍÉs, al-ZamakhsharÊ, and all of them are from the School of Basran Grammar. As for the scholars of the Kufan School of Grammar, they were al- KisÉ’Ê, AbË Bakr bin al-AnbÉri, al-Farra’ and others. The outcome of the research suggests the need to give priority to cite ÍadÊth in establishing grammatical rules, and to make it in the second level after the Qur’Én, higher than the status of the Arabic poems in order to establish the language rules concerned.
Key Words: HÉdÊth, Morphology, Quotation, Arabic Language, Poetry.
Abstrak
Penyelidikan ini bertujuan menyingkap isu ÍadÊs serta kesannya dalam memperkaya Bahasa Arab menjadikannya teguh dan kaya sumbernya sehinggakan ia dapat tersebar luas dan berkembang. Ia juga memberikan keterangan tentang amalan beberapa ahli tata bahasa terkemuka dan sarjana bahasa di era yang berbeza yang menjadikan ÍadÊs sharÊf sebagai sandaran hujahan pengkaedahan bahasa mereka. Kertas ini turut mengketengahkan pandangan yang menentang penghujahan dengan ÍadÊs sebagai sandaran dan sumber yang kukuh dalam pengkaedahan bahasa dan hujah-hujah balasan yang menolak pandangan ini. Kajian ini berjaya menelusuri kemunculan tiga kategori pendapat dalam isu ini: pihak yang membenarkan, yang menentang dan beberapa yang lain mengambil jalan tengah. Makalah ini juga mengambil kira pendirian Akademi Bahasa Arab di Kaherah yang membolehkan pengambila dari ÍadÊssebagai bukti yang sah untuk menetapkan peraturan tatabahasa dengan syarat-syarat tertentu. Daripada kajian ini dan kajian susulan yang dibuat, terdapat bukti bahawa tokoh perintis dalam tata bahasa Arab turut menjadikan ÍadÊs sebagai sandaran mereka, di antara mereka ialah: AbË al-‘AbbÉs, al-Mubarrid, AbË ‘AlÊ al-FÉrisÊ, AbË al-BarakÉt al-AnbÉrÊ, AbË Ja‘afar al-NaÍÍÉs, al-ZamakhsharÊ yang kesemuanya adalah daripada Sekolah Pemikiran Tatabahasa Basrah. Manakala para sarjana daripada Sekolah Pemikiran Tatabahasa Kufah pula ialah al-KisÉ’Ê, AbË Bakr bin al-AnbÉri, Al-FarrÉ’. Dapatan kajian ini mencadangkan keperluan memberikan keutamaan untuk menjadikan ÍadÊs sebagai sandaran menetapkan peraturan tata bahasa, di tempat kedua selepas Al- Qur’Én, lebih tinggi daripada status puisi Arab dalam menetapkan peraturan-peraturan bahasa yang berkaitan.
Kata Kunci: ×adÊth, Tatabahasa Arab (NaÍu), IstishhÉd, Bahasa Arab, Syair.
tb )
$ ( ] ; @ 6 8 [ 1! HV & Q 'i wn @ 2& x40& x + R )
$ ( DE
8 W 6 8 y J
xA B * R & WO R @ $ 5)6 Q% @ 8)
O R 7 6 @ P $:& 'V 0G P A g_
@
n c z
9 . :{
Q | ^ % 0 1! A ; 01! L
5)6 } & ] 0 )6 S ~ •!\ ]
6 I ) c '# @PD + P)& S Q € FNa ) , P c.& o, c ( 2&
P1' } 2
6
• ( 2
•
$% ~
• 'V P
•
‚E @F ƒ\
•
# & 6
• P ^#
• H
• W .
< k @ % 6 ^ ! P+ ! @ KT 5)6 xN 8 xK 6 P1! % „J CL .
l 8 P & ] A
% X\ % R\ ( F 4'1! A ; -01 . .
P1 m\ :$ # 1; z …'L% & :$
8 , :| P1! % † . ‡ Sˆ# ‰ V & P+\
.
HV 8
4gV x 1Z; 5& Z8 ƒ* 4)' )
$ (
{ xE T Š+ ; ‹ c @
Ie41 @ 0 L $ HV & ^ ' | 6 @* 4)' 2& 0 & ;n 0 )d z 01 .+
x Œ • 1; $ T 5)6 0 L ] C18 + ; 4;
. R 0L :$ ‰ V & &
wn }
F 4 2& Ž0 _ :$ 8 , :$ Ieq $ T ! % † . ‡
$ ; m O # $ 01! % P1' : Ž0 _ L @• ' 1!<
( •+ 0R 2& $ 6 + ] # H& Œ .
='+ & ST • '& Ioe41 :$ • d ‘ { L
# % 0 1!<
$ % C& 2& xN y x C& xQ x' & ’ 'i wn @-01DE F ,#
z Q- i W R ! @ 0G A z ‘ W P & A @ # ' () P# “( @ e+ P+ ” () • 0R 2& P1 m o] wn @ /< 4'1!
x< 4'1! () I4'1. =6 V & I! & •
x )46
1.
— + ! % E"L )
( P 46 26 C J
) ( P1# y F 46
@
l 8 e ) x 8 8E xRn € Š+ ;
2.
— +i ! 0 L -o•+ ~ 8 ' F e_ I ! 5)6 )
(
@• 2™ 61
) r '
‘ '_ ' ,&:
@ 71966 ( š @
›@1 .74
P; + % 2
@ @
• 1 6 ] & œ )
W $ 8 :
@ # ' 0 %
71963 (
@
› .82
z P y '#
^4)._ F E _
F \ O , 2& ( 8 % 0
3. ŸE • F 8 :
"
'# # ' ¡ ‘ ' NL )
l S ]> 8 (
F 6 < x•A r y < x'A+ Q-6 U 7N;
L 26 ^# < '& 26 ¢CL < xR B I0! < x ),& 7 ; < $:& Iœ < x+O P&N; 2&
) (
".
] ; ] $ 4
)' 8 , =$ ~ @P1 N# ]> 8 E CL 26 x<O +
7N; P + < ¤
5@
— + ! ]"# E ¦ NL )
(
-0 V x+ . • ' ¢CL ] ;
-$ $ • ,§ H q -0L 6 DE -0& D{ -0 # x•A -$Q ! x8,+ -|:6 x+ #
• C † } z
6@ ) ) © A "# '! p '_ %" 5)6 W 8_ =$ -)S H& R ª
7@
© A "# -o)S P+ P1E CL 24L R ‡ @P) • ' 2& H4.i ‡ 0 1 8
@ 0&N; 7 81&
F e&\ - X ®
9@
# C ; • D6 HV & Š+ ; .
° 2# Q=)6 7 &± + ! F
} :
) iŠ'² &
— 2& 01'² o< • ' 2& # 6 4);
) ( F 8 P1'²
" : J &
PA+ 1E "
P) ° 6 2& 01'² &
.(
³1´ % 2# F
:
"
2& H4. ‡ ~ © A \ 2&
P P) U ° 6
) ] µ6 0 L ¢,1 <
( P )
• } =™ ]¶
(
10@ P )
<
2&b_ ¸ )
& R 2&
^ (
11@ P ) 6 a • (
12@ P ) 2& * a -; Q
13 (.
] , ¹ ] ;
@cTN# • º3
!"# $ pN S - $ # ' @
)
† &%
:
@ . '& • ' ,&
71956 (
› @ .80
46 2# ¤ ] 4e6 #4
ŸE •
% & ' ( @ )
° . 2.E † 8»
) W $ 8 :
-`S D1 1S_
@
71932 (
@ š
› @1 .15
=)6 2# W ™ 2# ¼½5
)'
* +,- . /0 12 ,' 34 # 5 6 7&8 * 9 @ )
C&
:
@ ,18_ ' ,&
71914 ( š @
› @1 .161
@ • 2 * V c \ 2#6
: ' " ; <" 3 " = )
W $ 8 : c§ ' , @
$1323 ( š @
›1 .3
ŸE •7
)
% & ' ( š
› @2
”14
@ • 2 * V c \ 2#
, > ' <$ ? @A8 @
† 8»
4 6 2 = s 4s
) C&
:
@ ¾ ; T —) ° ' ,&
71939 ( š @
› @1 .52
4; ° ,§ 4s 2# ™ ] 4 )! °\ 7NS Iy\ :;8
$ _ P)8+
.
S# ° 2# 2™ 6 2 FNR9
@=} . , 2B?' 12 , CD8 )
W $ 8 :
=)6 4s ' ,&
% @ %<
. J .(
š @
› @1 .26
# . š D 2# -).& ‘ T 2# ¼½10
E F G H@ I'2= J >
) J c#
: M 1 * E %
¿ ' @
$1392 (
@
› @cÀ. % 0• • 1;
.456
#11
8 -).& 2# š D 2# -).& ^.
c
# . - )
F G H
) J c#
:
¿ ' M 1 * E % @
F ! # )
( L 9 :# P+ E C P1E CA# -| D6 ] 41S < • ' * CL -$
• ] S
P# R -{
)
^ & ° 6 ] . p .)# ]> 8 F +Z €ÁL 9 n 2& …' ¦ &
14 (.
2# •+ F
E
" : 2& E 26 +* R &
— 26 +* R & 7NS Hd )
("
15.
— + ! ] ; )
( q xN; -/ D{ 2 -0)d ‘N1a 5)6 • ' -o)S
] 40A
@ ] m L H& Pm A 2& 9 n 5)6 oF% < @ # ' J D0) 5)6 x')o,& ] ; 8L
! d # ) U€ 2# 9 &
( { 5 18& 5)6 x# 1; -$ L P1# 1;
( J 4)S 2& xce; Q-V -01D
^ T 8 5)6
16.
F xNR ]
" : 8L 40C' 2& T 8L P ! Â H, 2&
- ."
— + ! P F 8L )
( ) YŠ+ ,§ •K#
! wI : - 8L P ! Â Ä' 2&
.(
c \ 2# F
"
! ^#  ^# c4 Hœ P+\ P&n €
P P
) 40C' 2&
( ] &"L
 -! 1 0•_ # ª"
F ! -! I ;:
) ("
17. ' P); 9 n 5)6 „%O
2& ¢ C h @ ceS -0} 1E ] ÅÆ ¹ {:# ~
$1982 (
@
› @^ & R 2& 2&b_ ¸ ) < • # @†d $ • 1;
.2295
 6 #12
@ g I 6 ² 2. ° 2# 4s
K
G L M
) W $ 8 :
@W & ' %
$1315 ( P8L @
› @ 6 a • • # @W 6 .730
P QB # L813
@ š
› @1 .177
™14
=)6 2#
pN8.' DE 2#
)
I# G H J R I# G&S
)
† 8»
: ,§ 2 s
•4s
= 6 % bL )
J c#
:
@ L '_ %
$1379 (
@
› @? • ] •.)# ]> 8 F + @]> 8 Id L • 1;
”620
-! 8 2# I 6 ² =)6 # •+
Ç 8 T @ ) W $ 8 :
@ •C_ 1S % [
@2
$1344 ( š @
› @1
”8
@=} . , 2B?' 12 , CD8 š @
@1
› .126
@Ÿa •15
)% & ' ( š
› @2 .15
s16
O • - 2# S# ° 2# 4 )
% U= V UW F 5 ' P , X Y H ZW [ C \ 8 *
% 5 8 1 ' )
J c#
: .!b&
H O 1 6 ,) ] @
71998 ( H•& P• $ r ! ICL @
”IR 6 Â =8 ^E z '# ^E 2& ^8L _ AS
•+
L '_ 7 $ 2# 9)_ 6 U"2 = ]Z @
1 >C 6E^
) '! ‘ ¾ 6 P} † 8»
) J c#
:
@I • % 71987
(
@
@] •m L 7 @% L 7 6 ICL
›
”597
r ! 2# 2™ 6 -! 8 # •+
R
=R T @ T @
=, 8 ^&\ ™ È )
W $ •8 :
@W% '. ' ,&
$1324 (
› @ –99
”100
@=. +\ P# 6 2#
" Q /_
) C&
:
@ S % ' ,&
$1370 ( š @
› @1 .179
@ •17
: ' " ; <" 3 " = š @
@3
› .117
@F e&\ | • i x 6 ‰ V _ -% : &\
O # z
PAy # 4
† Ž0 _ 2& ] ; : @ $ T 2& x $ T
• ' 7N; d ! 7 81 ] $ #
• 6± 6 () š D1E< • # 'T e+ 2&
18.
' 416 ^ Q2S
$ * 81!< % C_ -$ )'R x C&
P &
.
" ; E >&5^ ' (2 ' (2"2 =
] eE ¦ * 4)' 1! @ 1 # 0 1. ‡ ^ C o] d .
Hd 2# 2. # P & z :$ xe E )
J
$680
19(
` `D @ K J R x%
‘ a 2# 5)6 )
J
$609 (
20@
# P'#
] QE
=. +\ ! 2# 4s 2 c
) J
$745
21(
@ & J R W eS# # % 0 1! P )6 S & 9 & 2# 5)6 %
.
# ) ] \ ] 'V 0 1! E ! c Hd 2# P $n &
@ . \ 5)6 Q-} Q-6 () % .A 2S ‡ ^E 9 n @
W ] ;
C PR 5)6 I8+ ] %Q 1
& 2S ‡ @P# r _ _ ¢
@ 1 # & $
E ŸA)# ^ ¹ 2& W e; $ ~ W 0 _ % E\
. z \ 8 , F R e; ]ÁL
0 1! ^ C ^ 2& + e
P# 0 1! 9 :; @P#
)
=d .S ( )
* QA ( f'#
2 a¶ ^ L S W .
J e; ^E % 0 1!< 7 6 x% e; 8 8 ] C ] ;
P z K4, -)L @“'_ #
22. 2& 8 ,& S! D E o] H
@p (L\ '!18
2 = a2H?
)
† &%
: ' ,&
@ . '& • [
@2
$1376 (
› @ .41
@ • ( Ê)# @Hd 2# # ‘ '_ =) T\ =& 1S ! 2# =)6 2# 4s 2# =)6 2. # $19
@ K J R P P"2 5 &b J R @
c. =E T ^# Hœ @
2•.E C1a # ‘ a 2#
) J
$680 (.
@=} . 2 FNR •+
E ] ,2 ) W $ 8 :
—) ° 5. 6 ' ,&
@
$1351 (
@ š
› @2 .204
x $ •& @x8 & 88s @ # ' x& & ] ; =. +\ ‘ a 2# 2. # =)6 2# 4s 2# =)6 $20
F y\ x; &
. P"2 5 J R y
@ K J R @
) ) T"# J
$609 (
”‘N1a #
•+
@=} . U E
,2 ] š @
› @2 .203
P QB # L821
š @
› @1 .283
.)• S!± ™ ¡ 7 E _ F 22
# ' () H4X J .)R 2&21 C&
)
% •8'+< %
› F \ (299
”
•+
@• + - $ #
E +
) W $ 8 : [ @ •e A ' ,_
@3 71965 (
@
; -$ E 26 C -)L @ # % 0 1!< F E ^& \ * 4)' -‹ A & ¢ y 7N
¢ y ‘N§ :$ 1T @N ) ] ; w] # x% 0 1! -0 1; Ë I# @ ' &
W D{ 2& 2& e H# . ^+ 8 È V I; x V
23@ J KL z * 4)' -.8+ E
MN : ' & KL # % 0 1!< JO R KL 40 # „Š,Q! - a P1
. L 4 _ ! % ª"
J KA 9)1 * > 2& * R :
c' dQ :
@P# % 0 1!< 2& „J e; @x8),& # % 0 1!< „JO R ~ =$
=. +\ 9 & 2# 4s 01' )} @ % C& 2& x C& P Q 6 )
J
$672 .(
O # 2&
{ R )
‘ a 2#
( z 9 & 2# † ! :
@ &\ :$
”P & x &O 7 P+\
2# 4s 2 -Ë
n # 1!± =V 2.
) J
$686 (
24” C+\ 7 $ 2# 2 F œ )
J
$761 (
”
Ie& A \ ÈQiT f'#
:
-G 2# 2 #
) J
$686 (
25@
@ A \ E y 2# $
* |
I 86 2# 2 )
J
$769 (
@ p Ì\ 4s 2# =)6 )
J
$900 (
26” c • y 2& -$
=T È
=6 D. 4s 2# ™ 2# ™ ¡ ; )
J
$1197 (
@ 2# 4s ¡
§ 5A,C&
) J
$1287
27 (.
… & & S# ° 2# 4s 2 # KA :$ $:_ C1+ 2Í )
J
$838 ( PE T
efQ &8 " Q 5Q4._
" ' " &E
28@
# 0 1! 4;
) @ & ' g PE T
I# '
29 (.
@ P $:& J Í -$ 2& ] ; ¤ % 0 1!< HQ! 8L 9 & 2# &
›
@50 1!< $n 8L P $n & z • + - $ # 1; S!± ]NV A ] n
. 9• n b Í
P# 1; V = T 1; 7 E _ F x
"2 = h# 8 )
J c#
:
• 6 ,) ‘ '_ .!b&
@
72000 ( )
› ) :47 e; ]\ @ # % 0 1!< 7 6 W SL Š : $ I )§ ]"#
P•1)™ 2& 2 c
E CA -| † < -$ @-R 6\ 2& + ; .(
@• +23
E +
@
› .50
@=} . 24
] ,2 E š @
› @1 .568
P QB M` 825
š @
›@2 .69
=); 2 ca26
) 14, ) J c#
: [ @^ N4) -)' %
@7 71986 ( š @
› @5 .162
P QB M` 827
š @
› @7 .322
4s28
@^.E §
i# $' E 5 #
)
† &%
:
@ _ H# ,&
[
@2
$1380 (
› @ .168
P QB M` 829
› @ .177
] ; E Î
] QE # P 6 ;: 4;
– ) J 5)6 % E\ H q F< 1!< 2& eS
6 8
• ' ] . )S
30 (.
e&\ 2&
) 9 n 5)6 :
`§ J ®
'#
)
<
(
# x 0 1.&
" : - $ # 6 5)6 YŠ iŠ.!\ AS# 06 e E 9& <
"
31”
‡ ] C 0AQ'V ~ W ™ W* b& ´ c4 5)6 ,' ® P# % 0 1!
$ O º
32” P# % 0 1! 9 :;
• c(# P ‘ _ ‘ _ ^# ICA ®
• ‘
& 6 2# W* P# .& @7NS '! ´
33”
E ‘ y _ z AC L V ®
F
" : J &b_ z * .+ L V
" : Â F ! H& ] 0 J &b_ * .+ 2;
) (
C' WNy
"
L V 5)6 $ T 34
@• ) 2& 6 @ AC z ‘ y _ Iy\ ]\
":
2;
J &b_ * .
".
c•+ $
" :
* 84 E
"
@
"
W a¶ %
"
@
"
H& • D.&
"
@
"
WNy
z \ ."
( 4. P N} 2& # % 0 1!< d 9 & 2# HQ! 5)6 oF% • 35
) ] '1 ( W F 2& < # :
( )
` p );
(
36@ J* R E 2& 4.1 :$ :a>
L 4)S :$ P .
=} . F
":
( 5)6 9 & 2# 0 1!
:
¤ @ ` p );
" : ] '1
@ % ( 46 2# % 8 630
B DW )
W $ 8 :
@ c&\ r< # ' ,&
$1299 ( š @
› @1 .5
F G H31
› Ž • 1;
”969
"._ •+
2# 2™ 6
S# ¿
@=} . J R \ M 2j Mk
M 2K Ml )
† 8»
: 4s 7N. 6
$ ]
@
‡ ! F ' 6
&
)7 S Ï :
1S ‡ 6 %
@ 72001 (
@
š
› @1
”105
x •+
:
@=. +\ 9 & 2# 4s M K 4 >8 G L& ' G 2& C 2R
G L
† 8» @
= 6 % bL 4s )
W $ 8 :
@° ' ] ' ,&
$1376 (
› @ –65 .67
P QB M` 832
@
› .53
P QB M` 833
› @ .167
F G H34
› C' WNy I L @ R ._ • 1; @
.410
QB M` 835
P
› @ .193
@=. +\ 9 & 2# 4s36
H /8 @ $' 2Q @ $
8» @ J ; # I& ; 4s † )
W $ 8 :
• 1S %
@° '
$1387 (
› @
@44
@140 .226 -‹ F 8i • ' 2& 6 œ ( =$
) Q=}
( F 8i ) Wb •T %O (
P L ‰ 4X “e& $ G z ! n I'A ] -$ 6 ] • 8 L H4• e1 5)6 F &N'#
:
•&
J . • 24 ] . • & @]NR .
0 6 `' ) ) ( =$
()# ] )
` p );
.(
I 86 2#
m 6E Q ? Y , @ /, 6E J R )
W $ 8 :
@W% '•. ' ,&
$1383 (
@ š
› @1 –396
›
”401
@p Ì\
J R m 6E Q ? Y , n2o )
W $ 8 : W% '. ' ,&
@
$1375 (
@ š
@1
›
› 170 .71
0 # SdN& I ) # SdN& -S L
@
"
( 0 Q4. y ‚E 9 n 2& e;
) ] '1
37 (.
F
1 _ LQ'&
" :
& $ P 6 `B 2& •A N& 6 4SE 8 8E 7 6 HL †# ! y
&
“ ICA+
.
< y < (C < :{ @I'A # P0 T W ;:_ y ) `a <
SdN& -S L ] '1 ( 5)6 < H4º < 5Qe < ‘Q'
".
38
7NS# š D1E< # P )6 % O # ce; 0 1! 8L n # 1!± 2 =V &
Š I$
39.
# % 0 1! R Š+
5)6 PE T • # 2& • # I;
S b 2#
R . 2& ".& • # IÐ ‡ ¤ % 0 1!< 2& eS ] ; E 7 $ 2# I'L 9 :;
P 1; Id .&
[ = 9p J R' <Cq #'qR J R' g 8 b :
@ 2& ” $c
‚E @ () Id ._ P# % 0 1!N %
+ E ' c.A P# ^'1. ] ;
40.
* QA 5)6 % 6 8 J 5)6 # % 0 1!< †d A % 416 5)6 F Í
P ) -'+ •K#
(
”] ² 4‹
P =! A =)6 ° 5)6
) J ) ( ] )
• (
‘ E
µq =A+
)
&
(
” L
^ L S 5)6 ] -{
) 5.6 ( µq =R ‘ E )
oI' (
” 5)6 -0'
' œ ‹"# š . 2# 9 n )
: 5.6 L & •K# -'+
( T ¤ 0 1.& F 'L .
F
" : P 8; @2| ; . +"1 * F C I # @F 'L '# \ ] ¢ C )
(:
) 2&
I.1 2& @Š4'+ 0 L '4• 7 "V I L I.( L
41 (.
5)6 x P# 0 1. $
% 0 1! ; 0 L % –
Ne&
–
@Hœ e &N6 • ' f'# r 5)6 I6 A • #
F G H37
¹ C' ¢ C ªNy I L • # @WNC HV & R ._ • 1; @
› @ 40 )6 •L
”439
•+
@=} . 2 FNR 2 = a2H? F , J &p^
)
={%
:
@ DE ' } @=d 1´ ' ,&
$1314 (
@
›
”9 I 86 2#
)m 6E Q ? Y , @ /, 6E J R @ š
›@1
”401 p Ì\
Y , n2o J R @
m 6E Q ?
š @
› @1
”171
@ C+\ 7 $ 2#
<"# , <&b 6 < g )
W $ 8 : ' ,&
@ O DE
$1372 (
› @ .37
?& { •+ Ž Ñ Ò38
”37
"._ •+
:
@=. +\
2Q @ $ › @
.44
% ( 39
) B DW š @
›@1 .4
\40
) C+
< g š @
› @1 .100
@pN8.' 41
I# G H J R I# G&S
› @ '4• • 1; @
”421 7 $ 2# 2 F œ •+
@ C+\
[ L @E' [ = 9p J R
) W $ 8 : [ @W% '. ' ,&
@11
$1383 (
@
› .28
P 8; ] ; N'L I& ' # )
(:
) 0 # SdN& I ) # SdN& -S L ] '1 (
P 8; ²
) (:
) Ó-$ =R B (
@ P F _ 9 n F )
IL + 2#
:(
9R Ð wn 9'& ] ; ] J%%
9&
. Iy\
)
* * Š4 % @* Š )8L @-$ R B
42 (.
:$
5)6 P1 T E =6 D. F @ A)1B # %
J >
" : C_ ;n & oI' ]
7 $ 2# …' [
: L < “'_ # -0 ' I#
PE T ) ] ; …1 6:R 0 L …1
9& 9R Ð wn xQE (
F 8L ) (:
=R B ...
."
OQ X ] 5)6 I % :$ 43
% E\ 0 L % IS# ] :a" % 0 1!<
. 5)6 PE T 0 1! 8L -G 2# &
Q ? W 6 HV & # 9 & 2#
PE T 2&
44. P# % 0 1! xNe& 9 n 2&
) 7 • I& 6 (
x6 & [ ] ; n x V & [ • R *=X O R 5)6 .
F
" : e;
— + ! F 2& g & I # ¢ C# • W # ‰ :$ ] QCÐ ^ ) (
" : P A x# .1E x+ ¦ 8 ) -8 2&
."
• R 2& * A ‘:E 5)6 x 0 1! 45
P 2& g PR a : # W [
) ( '; °\
" :46
0 E y * R ]ÁL
| H141! <
".
o)8# # 0 1. I 86 2# ] ; 47 48.
5)6 % 0 1! xNe& 9 n 2&
‘ _ ‘ _ ^# ICA O R
‘ • P # P
49. iT 2&
Q È Q p Ì\ ] ;
# ce; 0 1.
50@
L V O R 5)6 T ¤ % 0 1! 90R PE T F =AL
F G H42
• # @] ¦± • 1; @
› @=E #
”441
•+
@ C+\
[ = 9p J R
› @ .182
r, + s? 6E s? R043
Y , [ = 9p J R )
W $ 8 :
@ @—) ° 5A,C& ',&
$1358 (
› @ .104
Y , Ft = 6E J R44
m 6E Q?
) r ' :
@ )' ',_
$1342 (
@
› 12 42 55 F e_ I ! 5)6129
.
@ g 45
I# G H
8 ) 7 • # @] ¦± • 1; @
› @] ¦± 2&
”22 Ft = 6E J R •+
Q Y ,
› @ .287
@ g 46
I# G H
@ š
› @3 .92
P QB M` 847
”
•+
› @-G 2# È T .288
@I 86 2#48
@ /, 6E J R š@
›2
› 70 .145
P QB M` 849
š@
› @2 .70
@p Ì\50
n2o J R š@
›1 5 14 31 52 53 š 57
›2 298 š 336
›3 .621
) F (
7 ' 2 2& P+ -6O : # S# ° =d .S) xLNa c4 z
51.
a> Ne& 9 n 2&
: P =! A =)6 ° 5)6 Q%
: - _ J )
L- (
@W V L V± H&
# 0 1! W # Ä1Ð < P+"#
" :
¢ 2& Â 6 } -d C -L ‘ )§
9._
".
5)6 P1 T E =6 D. ™ 2# ™ ¡ 0 1! 52
[ = 9p J R
53@
# % 0 1!< 7 $ 2# 5)6 S+ 2& 5)6 Q% ª" ! _ # & P+\
“'
54.
5)6 P1 T E 2& W 6 HV & § 4s ¡ 0 1! 4;
@ /, 6E J R
55.
†
9 & 2# '# * R 2 : W 2& # 0 1! 2& ;n F , 7NS o]
.
^ 2& x8),& # % 0 1!< „JOQ R ~ KA 26 V W SL =,' + ;n 4 L .
B A dQ :
A & ŠA L @P' h ‡ 4; # % 0 1!< ‘Q,1 ‡ ~ =$
—} r ! # { R O # 2& @ '+ _ WOQ´ ^1KA ^# ,!
) J
$790 ( FNR
=} . 2
) J
$911 (.
…16 ~ % E\ # % 0 1!< KA :$ * 4)6 OQ R 8L
I8 # 0G A
56@ ] % P# % 0 1!< OQ R „2Y& 8+ 4; # % 0 1!< H & 2Q46 V ‡
ŸA) “'_ # P & & ^# h .
5)6 PE T :$ —} ¢V Q ?
9 & 2#
F E
:
 F ! ¤ 0 1! ^ 2& x E Ë ‡ )
( NR 7NS# ] 0 1. -$
• ' ‘
% E\ ] ; 1 @Ҥ ? A 0 L ~ -$ 'T @-| 86 5)6 ] 2 : -0d 0A!
16 P ]ÁL -$ 'T • ' 7N; ‘NÖ @ 0G A / )1Ñ “'_ # I8 ‹\ C D' P & Š -$% 01R 5)6 ŠA @ 2& P )6 “ _ 0G A "#
]> 8 :; @
R
•
• J * 8 .
^4. 5)'L &
: P# H8 ‡ :0L P•A ] % 'q P) + …1' -.
] # | C ~ % E\ ; @› a % C8_ P•A)# P) + * 16 ‘ 6 -. @] .) I$ % 0 1!
P QB M` 851
š@
›1 .5
PR & 2# 2# 4s  6 #52
P` 6E 6=5@ )
J c#
: 6 ,) L '_ % @
71998 (
• 1; @
C
› @7
”551
•+
@p Ì\
p Ì\ È T š @
›1 .31
•+53
r, + R 0
› @ 28 31 .72
P QB M` 854
@
› .105
I 7u R 055
š @
›1 š 79
›@2
@7 120 178 .208
@ % ( 56
B DW š@
› @1 .6
P1E CL ) ( F e&\ @ DE 2# Id P# 1; @] m z P# 1S;
0L ” P# % 0 1!< Q¢C :
# '
57.
P 8# P )6 —} Q% h ] % % E\ H 4× 0 1! 9 & 2# ] S
" : 2#
< 8),& 5)6 7NS “# P & # < : I CA1 :$ IQCA ‡ 9 &
d ._ f'# % E"# 5 P+ÁL ‘ a 2# < A)! P ‘ 6 I
".
9 & 2# xK,B F k 58
ŸA) # $ I8+ Iy\ o] 16<
" : P+"SL :$ C& c 9 & 2# o] †
'V F $ “'_ # I8+ ‰ 1& 5)6 #
".
—} $:& =} . $n 59
F 8L 0•A)# _ C % E\ # % 0 1!< P'#
:
&
P&N;
) ( R € @ R % + 9 n _ ŸA) 5)6 P P+ Š q P & F 1. L
] _ -R 6\ 01 @“'_ # & % E\ ]ÁL @x o) 5)6 C8 % E\
A Q # Qa QC8+ % L -/ 6 P „JQ% q $ L 0 I - :{ @© A "# xG
9 & 2# 5)6 S+ k 2& @ A)1B J '# 5Q1T PR 5)6 x & W E C8 E
W% © A \ # 6 8 J
".
60
^'+ _ z I ¦ ] ; P+ =} . F 2&
61@ U! 2Í ] ; ]
% 44L ”% 0 1!<
] E ° Hd 2# 7N; % ] '# P 9 n 5)6 oF :
( 5)6 0 1! 9 & 2# o] ] E # Hd 2# P $n & y 5)6 F Í )
p );
` (
^ C ¤
) 0 # SdN& I ) # SdN& -S L ] '1 (
y ‚E 9 n 2& e;
0Q4.
) ] '1 ( .(
1!
• F k @=) 0. P# F
" : F =QS : P+\ @ 4V &N6 P L ]
@=} . 57
2 = a2H? F , J &p^
)
› .16
P QB M` 858
.
P QB M` 859
.
P QB M` 860
› @ .16
Q% 244L =} . ;n : 7NS 26 ] V < # % 0 1!< O X ] ;
P =} . 5)6
:
“'_ # & % E\ ] :
8 =)6 oN&
. c&\ F : 5)6 oN& 9 n 5)6 H T
8& ÈNC 5)6 P)™ @ŸA) c( ‡ ] Iy\ ]"# 8 ] H•& • •' 7NS# 0 1! @7
] & P .
$ .
V s Ç ^.E ¡ :$ ;n
W
< % @ C& # ' () H4X J .)R % •8'+
F \
@ .)•
› @22 .334
@=e º a61
2E?
( 0 I2 = )
% (#
:
%
@ 0 71966 (
› @ .436
P L F % X < ,& C1B E :
S L ] '1 SdN& Â ] SdN& I ) # SdN& -
0 #
62.
6 P) % @“'_ # Š ‹\ 0 ' # % 0 1!< S ] ; 8L :$ PA _ ' 9 n 5)
0G A Iy ‘N1a<
. '# `§ ‘:E 5)6 P&N; 6 F )
<
(:
% 0 1!
'# `§ J 5)6 9 & 2# Ie& W f'#
)
<
(
# )
e E 9& <
AS# 06 - $ # 6 5)6 Š iŠ.!\
(
@
] I # W P1L E ] $ •
P f'#
) 9& ] E <
(
63@ W 6 8 5)6 R :$
. 5)6 Q% x 9 n 2&
# • • -! 2& * ‘ E ‘:E 5)6 9 & 2# % 0 1!
) DE ° ( P 8#
" :
&
F ! ŸA)# P+ ; Š e -)L )
(
r , f'# % b WQ& c 8 4;
ŸA)#
) DE
64 (.
"
A A dQ :
6 :1& x8),& # % 0 1!< Š' 4L „ŠLQ, W i 2& KA :$
2& xce; ]\ @P L 2 ) ‰ 9 :; @ŸA) ] % “'_ # P1 PG A ‘N1a< ‰ # -R 6\ 2& + ; P .
P# 0 1. ‡ ^ . 2 :{
– -0 5)6 –
] & 81_ <
) 2&
^ ( KA :$ F R O # 2& @] a"1_ <
:
‘ '_ =) T± 4s 2# =)6 2. #
Hd 2# #
) J
$680 ( ] QE °"# ‘ '_ ! 2# 4s 2 c @ )
J
$745 ( E @
;: A+¶ • !Ø % 0 1!< ' &
.
Hd 2# 2. # F
@ K J R x & =R R )
# % 0 1!< P' & !
" :
P .;” 4d\ Ù 6 . $ “'_ # ®
26 I8 ¢ y ]> 8 5)6 9 n 416 @ # () J 5)6 % 0 1!< c
¢ CL J z \ ] S “'_ # I8 O × * 4)' ¢ C < @• '
()
@=} . 62
a2H? F , J &p^
2 =
@
›
”199
P•C+ < •,& P y g
:
1º 0 I ) # SdN& -S L ] '1
C' WNy DA WNy ] '4
. . I# G H •+
@
š
› @1
”139
F G H
› R ._ • 1;
.439
F G H63
› @Ž • 1; @
”969
•+
@=} .
\ M 2j Mk
M 2K Ml J R
š @
› @1 .105
Iq & 6=5 J R Iv20 Qw64
@]> 8 c.A • 1; @
@-0 & q I d ! …# F .1
›
”63
•+
@=} .
M 2K Ml J R \ M 2j Mk
š @
› @1 .174
— 7N;
) (
• ' ¢CL P+\
".
a 2# 5)6 S+ 8L :$ P 65
ceS % 0 1! ‘
F 8L #
:"
# 0 1. ‘ a 2#
• R 5)6 ] ; w]ÁL xce;
• P Ù`1 0•1!<
- 4; • )L P; 1! P )6 R xK T IA P) 2& ] - ] ; w] @2. L _ #
".
66
xNd .1& x F
" : I e41 % ´ =$ 7 @ | x< 1.& | ª" I$ ‘ 6 <
".
67
% 0 1!< 2& e; 9 & 2# 5)6 x S & P L 0! F 8 F } 8L ] QE # &
F 8L #
@ & J R :
QC_ e;
) 9 & 2# P# …' (
% E\ H q F< 1!< 2&
)S 6 8 J 5)6
^'V ] 5)6 @ c 8 , :$ 9)! 2 a"1_ ^& 81_ 2& x E Š & @• ' ] . I )§ 46 2# 5. 6 *N' 2# 46 °"; • ' ] . 2& 7 SEØ ^d 81._ -)' ^ Q \ QA =d .S @^ C 4d 2& P ! ^ L S 4d 2& 7 $ ™\ Ù _ 2# Q=)6 *
\ W Œ 2& -$c ^8 A 2& ] a"1_ 9)._ 9 n 5)6 -0' @9 n )'A ‡
% (# W ; -
• +\ I$
.
F 8L * ;n\ 2 a"1_ f'# H& 9 n 7NS - R
" : 7 ' 9 n * 4)' Ù €
-0 F ! ŸA 9 n ] )
( J l S ]> 8 - X - • 9 :# 8 wn
2 &\ 9 n ] ; € @P# )S 6 8 :
k 0?
: P•+ &O „J R W E C D L @“'_ # I8 OQ R W ] )
(
‡
P 2& & Œ @ 0' œ © A \ 9)1# I8
" : 9•'& q 0S1R O ]> •8 2•&
"
68@
"
> 8 2& 9'& q 0S1S)&
]
"
@
"
]> 8 2& 9'& q $:a
"
@ W% © A \ 2& 9 n c .
P+ 8 -)' L )
(
“'_ wn @P•A)# J" ‡ ‘% _ # W Š "L @© A \ :$ H 4× ŸA) ‡
< @ # 1S # P, V 7 6 ‰ 4. 7% 8 H& 4 ! < • ),_ $
U# @ŸA 5)6 F oS
F , % E\ 4 ! < x R ' L ŸA) U V 2& & @“'_ U V 2& -0 &
. F
@=} . 65
J &p^
› @
”18
@ % ( B DW š @
› @1 .5
QB ( # L866
.
( # L867
QB .
@ g 68
I# G H
]> 8 Id L • 1; @ Î
› @P4o)6 ]> 8 -o)' 2& -S) L ] .1920
!
• e ] A
" :
“'_ $ € p C NL Š'² 4; -S EZ p -S Š) ]
."
•+ 2&
“'_ ] -‹ ^8 -)' -)6 •+ Ú% -)6
ŸA) ] % .
n A : c + ; W 2& xce; ]\ @ 2& 4 L xce; 2 ) H P+
@H , # • 6 4)'
@9 n ] 4)' < -$ -0&N; 2 ) H L 6 C# • ' ] .
• ' ] . 2& ¢ CA c -01 -0&N; H .
T c 2& x 8 -)'+
F ! ] 9
 ) (
$ 0T ; 1 2.E J () ¢CL"# < -o)S1 2S -)L @ ¢CL ] ;
- )' O D6± † } 26 () 9) I$ H& 9 :# -o)S1 €ÁL P1( c ()# -o)S n @ { R  -o)'& c 2& P 9 n .
C_
"
9 & 2# …' "
F< 1!< 2& e;
\ % q
P 2& y < 9 n • 2'& & @^ 5)6 P46 # x 8'1&
41 .
# F
6 œ 2# 2 9 & 2# 26 :a 2Í ] ; 69
: P Š)
" :
! ! :$
F ! ŸA 2& • P+ -)' & -01 2& P L H -R 6\
.
*= # º -)L
".
=$ :$ 70
7NS 2'& @] QE # 0,.# # % 0 1!< '+ & 0 1! ~ J `1 • !\
"._ :$
–
F 4;
– Û 1 & F 8 NK
" : -0 L • ' F 8# ] o 1. ^ F # &
& g ; F ' I8 # q ] o 1. < @ L S -)._
Ó 4| V -).
# W F 1. ‡ P)R\ : . Ù % + ;n & H } 24L
".
5)6 8'1 Q% 71
ª" q # % 0 1!< '+ & ] QE # ;n &
:
.1 y 8 E " ; " '#
=$ @ | 6 : ~ # % 0 1!< ' & 2 : DE ]
"
“'_ # P1 "
<
f0
z “'_ # & % E\ 2& Ù $ o] S NL @ # W C# P# % 0 1!< H & 5)6 xN % NL 2 % 1& + ; ^ Ü ¹ 2& 4. o] H @ŸA) # Š ~ % E\ + R
# P1 -0 '# H & ‚E @P•A 5)6 o< ¤ ] Ü ½ < e E ] '4.
$OQ R @“'_
•# ‘ '_ S# ° 2# 4s 2 # $69
"
6 œ 2#
"
‰ # 2Í $ )
J
$819 (.
•+
@=} .
] ,2 E š @
›1 .66
@=} . 70
2 = a2H? F , J &p^
@
› –16
”18
@ % ( B DW š@
› @1 .6
QB ( # L871
.
{ x} T ^} 1 & ] a¶
72. ] z * 4)' 2& -. $n :{
% E\ I8+ Iy\
=. AC F @ 0•A)# ] ; 4Q+
:
"
&
“'_ # 8 & ‹ * 6% 0•A)# 0)8+ Iy\ L % E\
# C Š e - & 2& I # o< Š e < - 6%
6 2 :a¶ @ I8 -0 Q» -0
^8 -)6 )S # P1 ; 0 L Ù S _ © A \ H 4× ŸA oST n -‹ ‚E
0G A "# o< % E\ ] )8 < -‹
".
2# ; ^88¹ * 4)' 2& ce; 416 & n D6 NL73
C& Q 6 5)6 ); % 416 7 $ 2# 9 &
] ; @ -$ $ T % C& 2&
7 6 Iy\ ]\ F ‡ 2& P# 0 1! & ] 5)6 FQ 2• ) o] $ -$ !
=6 D. ™ ¡ F @I 1
) J
$1197 ( 5)6 % 0 1! 7 $ 2# •+ 0R x b&
) C_ F 46 (
P 8# F 'A_ z V n P)'L I46 )
(:
"
E P ‰ ,1! 2& Š Ž
N !
"
74@
“'_ # P1 P L $ T < F 2& 5)6 Q%
": -0 '# F :
] S ] I41½
T “'_ # C nÁL ŸA) # Iy\ ]"# % % & P L $ T NL “'_ # &
P 8# 9 : :
'& F ."
P & rQ,1 • :$ ¢1L 7 SE\ 5)6 % E\ # F< 1!< 7 6
‰ œÝ B $ 6
".
P 6 F 4; $ @^ ´ 9 & 2# •+ 0R :$ Š+ ; 75
=6 # 0 _ =. +\ 4s  6 #
"
2 01´ c•+ # ' P+"#
".
5)6 ] ; 76
< e; 2 : W 2& ce; 9 & 2# $:&
Q% @-$ ;n Q& 2Í # % 0 1!
^'+ _ -0 '#
. Q% % R Q% 244L –
% ( F 8 4;
– E @… & & 2 #
@ & J R ;n
" : H 2& 9 & 2# & PÐ & f'# 5)6 Ï 6 P+"#
! 5)6 7 8 < P 1! & ]"# P )6 ] E 2#
“'_ # P1 ."
4 L 9 & 2# •Q CL
[ & $ : 2• ) • ),_ € • :$ • ),q • ^8 ] 5)6 * # P)'L
@—C 5! & 2# Ï 6 =V 8 72
z /$' " ' a2H? S c{ z 8- )
W $ 8 :
@M 1 %
$1389 (
› @
”174
@ O 0 ÈNC 2#
J4L 6E /
@
›
”106
@ % ( ,§
" Q
" ' F , )
% #> E :
@ + 4e' ‘ '_ W d % 'œ ' ,&
$1357 (
› @ –98 .199
=)673
C
=. A
M | / MQ= 3@
) J c#
>= <& # : )
(2008
› @ .127
F G H74
# @] ¦± • 1; @
› @7N!± ] ; 26 Fb. •
”42
•+
@ C+\
[ = 9p J R @
› .268
R 075
[ = 9p J R Y , r, +
› @ .105
 ¢1L W ™76
E 12 , &Q <C28 ) )
W $ 8 :
@r< # @ c&\ ',_
$1312 ( š @
› @1 .43
