In the second phase, three measures of the BLEVE consequences - blast, fireball and missile effect have been considered. While the basic principle governing the inherent safety is generally accepted, this project presents the integration of Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) risk model with process simulator (HYSYS) as one of the elements to. Specifically, this project anticipated the development and improvement of the existing BLEVE risk model performed by the former student in the Microsoft Excel (ME) application.
The first case study is performed on a storage tank with a particular problem (Roberts M.W., 2000), while the second case study corresponds to vessel V-2408, one of the main process equipment in Malaysia LNG Dua Sdn. The essence of inherent safety is the avoidance and removal of hazards, rather than controlling them through a supplementary protection system. It is a measure of a material's ability to harm the health of a living organism.
As the vapor is released into the atmosphere, the liquid level and the part of the container wall that has the benefit of liquid cooling are reduced. The blowing effect is associated with vapor expansion, flash evaporation and, in the case of flammable liquids, vapor combustion. The explosion energy of a BLEVE event depends on the state of the vessel.
In the absence of models for the explosion of vessel blasting, it has often been practice to model the explosion by estimating the energy of the explosion to be equivalent to the TNT equivalent.
The potential projectile range of the generated fragments is used to correlate the rocket effect resulting from the BLEVE explosion. 1995) suggested approximate projectile radius guidelines relative to fireball radius as follows - (1) 80% to 90% of rocket fragments fall within 4 times the fireball radius, ( 2) heavy rocket fragments can travel up to 15 to 30 times the radius of the fireball and (3) rocket fragments in very heavy, rare cases can travel up to 30 times. Based on a frame-by-frame analysis of National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) film on BLEVE, as illustrated in Figure 3.2, Crawley (1982) stated that;.
In the second interval of the growth phase, which lasts about 10 seconds, the fireball is now more or less spherical and no longer grows. The basic correlation for the diameter of the resulting fireball is provided as a function of the mass involved in the combustion by an equation of the form;. An important assumption made by those using this model is that the emission power is constant and does not depend on the mass of the fuel participating in the combustion.
The simplest and most conservative approach is when the surface is vertical, not directly under the fireball, to the line between the receptor and the center of the fireball. Prediction of hazards from the fireball is made in terms of thermal radiation intensity based on Table A.3 and Table A.4 in Appendix A. Another additional stream is used to retrieve the desired data for the final state of the vessel, which is labeled as final power.
The initial state of the tank will be based on the feed stream, while the final state of the tank is recovered from the additional stream marked as final stream. Nevertheless, modifying the process does not change any of the original process parameters for both models. The explosion parameters were calculated to estimate the corresponding hazard of the explosion.
The diameter and duration of the explosion are calculated based on four references from the previous chapter. The result of the first case study and the second case study are displayed respectively under the storage tank simulation and under the ship simulation of the VB-ME Interface.
FINAL YEAR RESEARCH PROJECT
This button will activate the exit function of the Introduction page while simultaneously activating the following. This button will activate the exit function of the Introduction page while simultaneously activating the following. This button will activate the exit function of the Attributes table and at the same time activate the following.
This button will trigger the exit function of the Blast Effect and activate the next subsection, the Missile Effect. This button is used to trigger the missile effect's exit function and activate the next subsection, the Fireball Effect. The missile effect subsection shows the correlation result for the diameter and duration of the resulting fireball together with the data for the parameters fa, fa, m and n2 given in Table A.2 of Appendix A.
Approximate projectile range guidelines, relative to fireball radius, are produced by Birk A. This button is used to display the target's thermal radiation intensity graph for the strong flame pattern. This button is used to display the thermal radiation intensity plot of the target for the point source model.
The approximate projectile range trend increases with increasing missile effect severity. The atmospheric transmissivity, x and the absorptivity of the target, a used in the equation are constant. This shows that the thermal radiation intensity is inversely proportional to the distance between the center of the fireball and the target.
During the earlier stages of the project, the overall network of the simulation is divided into two phases - (1) mathematical calculation in Microsoft Excel platform and (2) HYSIS-VB-ME interface. Re-evaluation of the equation used and all the results obtained should be done and the HYSIS-VB-ME interface should be rebuilt. Thus, to reduce the complexity of the interface, the HYSIS-VB-ME interface is broken into two phases - (1) HYSIS-ME interface and (2) VB-ME interface.
Thus re-evaluating the use of source code in the HYSYS-ME and VB-ME interface. Inherent Safety in Offshore Oil and Gas Operations: A Review of Current Status and Future Directions.
