Strengthening cooperation on chemical hazards in food between food safety authorities and the World Health Organization in the Western Pacific. In accordance with the Western Pacific Regional Food Safety Strategy, all relevant institutions are in possession of data and are not yet participating in GEMS/Food and/. It is rare to be able to substantiate such approaches in the real world of food safety.
RESULTS
Twenty-two (34%) cases with A function and seven (54%) cases with B function visited their physician or the emergency department. This analysis compared two positive stool samples with environmental norovirus isolates found on the premises.
DISCUSSION
STM MLVA data from the outbreak period was obtained from the NSW Ministry of Health to determine if there were other cases of the outbreak strain occurring at this time. Data with an MLVA type corresponding to the investigation were compared with background rates of the same type. The NSW Food Authority, the regulatory body responsible for food safety in NSW, was notified of the outbreak on the morning of 5 January 2011.
Of the first 26 cases reported to the SSWPHU, 21 (81%) had consumed food from a single Vietnamese bakery in the three days before illness onset. The NSW Food Authority's inspection of the premises on 5 January 2011 revealed that there were several breaches of the food safety standards of the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code (Table 3).5. The eggs used by the bakery during the outbreak were purchased on 1 January 2011 from a grower.
The NSW Food Authority was unable to trace the farm of origin of the eggs used by the bakery during the outbreak due to missing labels on the egg cartons. The prevalence was probably greater than demonstrated by this investigation as indicated by retrospective MLVA data provided by the NSW Ministry of Health, which showed a clear increase in the time to outbreak in this type of MLVA compared to the usual rate of the background.
CONCLUSION
Large point outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 9 associated with a bakery in Sydney, March 2007. Outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 170 gastroenteritis associated with consumption of a dessert containing raw eggs. Food Authority of New South Wales (http://www.foodauthority.nsw.gov.au/industry/fss-food-safety-supervisors/, accessed 6 October 2011).
A multi-jurisdictional outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 135 linked to the purchase of chicken from a supermarket chain. An outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 64 gastroenteritis associated with catered lunches in Adelaide, South Australia, June 2005. Context: The food safety response to both earthquakes focused on reducing the risk of gastroenteritis by limiting the use of contaminated water and food, both in households and food businesses.
Additional food safety risks were identified in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake due to the use of large-scale catering for rescue workers, volunteers and residents unable to return home. This article outlines some of the lessons learned from the food safety response to each of the two earthquake events.
THE 2010 CANTERBURY EARTHQUAKE
Action: Using a risk assessment framework, the food safety response included providing water and food safety advice, issuing a boil water advisory for the region and initiating water testing on reticulation systems. Additional measures during the response to the 2011 Christchurch earthquake included contacting food companies using checklists and principles developed in the first response, and regular contact with those catering to large numbers. Result: Several cases of gastroenteritis were reported in the 2010 Canterbury earthquake, although most were due to person-to-person contact rather than food contamination.
Discussion: The food security response to both earthquakes was successful in meeting the goal of ensuring that foodborne illness did not put additional pressure on hospitals or affect search and rescue efforts. Christchurch, New Zealand, is now best known to many for the earthquakes that occurred in September 2010 and February 2011 - the latter of which killed 185 people. Having food safety officers and auditors circulating throughout the region to ensure food businesses were taking the necessary precautions.
Key actions for this response were similar to the 2010 earthquake in issuing water and food safety advisories, issuing a boil water notice for the region, and initiating water testing of reticulation systems. Public health officials reported that the majority of these cases were due to person-to-person contact rather than food contamination.
THE FEBRUARY 2011 CHRISTCHURCH EARTHQUAKE
Outbreaks of cholera-like diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. The aim of this study was to describe the reporting rates of IPD in a regional part of Australia, to examine changes in rates since the introduction of the population vaccination programs in 2005 and to describe changes in the distribution of serotypes in relation to to available vaccines after three years. The aim of this study was to describe the reporting rates of IPD before and after the introduction of the vaccination programs in a regional area in the state of New South Wales, Australia.
An additional aim was to investigate changes in the distribution of serotypes of the reported cases in relation to the available vaccines. Reductions in the number of IPD cases caused by serotypes in 7vPCV in all non-vaccine age groups showed that 7vPCV had a population effect.4 The authors hereof. Across age groups, the reporting rate of IPD in the age group zero to four years shows the largest decrease (Figure 1).
This investigation supports other reports showing that the decline in IPD reporting rates in children is directly attributable to the use of 7vPCV.6 The reduction in reporting rates in adults is most likely an indirect effect of the 7vPCV program in children.7 This is supported. The 35% reduction in IPD reporting rates in the 15-64 age group is significantly different from the 2.6% reduction found in North Queensland. From August to November in India10 and from July to October in the Philippines.11 The incidence of infection among Japanese travelers was compared between high season and low season months.
The problem of the rapid increase in the number of patients with dengue virus infection in the island of Bali, which is one of the main tourist spots in Southeast Asia [in Japanese].
PROBLEM
CONTEXT
In late March 2011, the Public Health Center received information about nutrition issues in evacuation shelters from nationally registered dietitians who were included in public health teams sent from other prefectures. Nationally registered dietitians and food sanitation inspectors from the public health center worked with nationally registered dietitians in Yamada to review the situation in eight selected shelters housing more than 100 people. After hearing the results of the preliminary survey, the activity of food procurement, supply, management and coordination of evacuation shelters from the Department of Planning and General Affairs was put into perspective.
Nationally registered dietitians provided nutritional and dietary support to people in evacuation shelters for about four months after the event in Yamada.
ACTION
Nutrition and Dietary Support in a Disaster in Japan Yanagihara et al. a system for meeting the nutritional and balanced nutritional needs of evacuees in shelters. For these reasons, there is a need to be registered. In Japan, in recent years, dietitians have been instructed to be proactively involved in nutrition planning and disaster support and to coordinate nutrition and dietetic support.1. Based on the findings of their studies of nutritional conditions, the support group took the following three actions (Figure 2):
At the same time, with the support of the public health center, a support team was formed from the nationally registered dieticians and others from Yamada, the public health center, other local government and dietician associations to coordinate nutrition and dietary support for all evacuation shelters. . The support team assessed the nutritional status of all evacuation shelters housing some 4,000 individuals and identified the following issues from a nutritional and dietary support perspective:. Coordinated event cooking to ensure distribution to all evacuation shelters rather than just major shelters.
OUTCOME
Nutrition and Dietary Support in a Disaster in Japan Yanagihara et al. 3) Coordination of cooking support (a) Coordination of event cooking. Essentially, the role of the affected government is to coordinate the disaster response of relief organizations working together for maximum efficiency, coverage and effectiveness.3 Therefore, local governments should not only improve nutrition and dietary support but also ensure disaster response coordination as the whole. This report highlights the effectiveness and importance of nationally registered dietitians coordinating the entire nutrition and dietetic support process in this particular disaster response.
Given the recent history of large-scale natural disasters, Japan has compiled guidelines for food and dietary support for disaster evacuees that cite the roles and functions of nationally registered dietitians because of the skills that they can provide.2 However, disaster management plans of local governments, which are tasked with guiding evacuee support, do not specify food and dietary support to a significant degree, although they do specify food collection and procurement. It is important to establish and maintain a coordination system between disaster and risk management departments and health departments to provide food and dietary support in disasters.1. Purpose of Western Pacific Surveillance and Response To establish an information sharing platform to improve surveillance and response to public health events in the Western Pacific Region.
To promote the exchange of information on experiences and lessons learned in surveillance and response to public health events in the Western Pacific Region and globally. The WPSAR covers all activities related to surveillance and response to public health events.
Western Pacifi c Surveillance and Response Instructions to Authors
Public health events can occur in any of the following areas: communicable diseases, natural disasters, bioterrorism, and chemical and radiological events. Hard copies of the magazine are available upon request after the end of each quarter for areas with limited Internet access. This will be a blinded peer review process where the reviewer does not know the identity of the author(s) and the author(s) do not know the identity of the reviewer.
A license will be obtained from authors granting exclusive use of the article for publication to the World Health Organization for all accepted articles. All authors and reviewers will be asked to indicate any potential conflicts of interest at the end of the article. If authors have taken digital photographs relevant to their article, they may be submitted for consideration for publication on the cover of the issue.
A title page with the article title, short title, short description of the article of ≤ 50 words, ≤ 7 keywords, full names of all authors and institutions and full contact details of the corresponding author. Scanned copy of the license for publication provided during the submission process, signed by all authors.
