Height, number of shoots and tubers, and dry weight of shoots and roots, as well as the tubers, were collected at 49 DAP. Height, number of shoots and tubers, and dry weight of shoots and roots, as well as the tubers, were also collected at 49 DAP.
Discussion
In the search for effective herbicides, Dimaano (2009) also reported that MCPA completely killed the lowland ecotype C. rotundus, especially when the herbicide was applied either 21 or 42 days after weed establishment. However, the two herbicides failed to control the upland ecotype of the weed, particularly by suppressing shoot germination. 1997) also reported that MCPA markedly suppressed the growth of the two C.
Conclusion
Other control options should be used to effectively control the weed in rain-fed rice areas where water supplies are inadequate. The findings could be used as a basis in developing integrated management against this weed in rice and rice-based cropping systems in the Philippines.
Acknowledgment
First, implementing tillage operations in wet or waterlogged conditions without consideration of weed control will only intensify the multiplication and infestation of C. When this occurs, effective weed control and higher rice yield will be difficult to achieve.
Literature Cited
INFLUENCE OF FIMBRISTYLIS MILIACEA (L.) VAHL ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF BULB ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L.)
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
FULL PAPER
A Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (r) was also calculated to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between FIMMI variables (density and shoot weight) and onion weight. FIMMI density and shoot weight data and bulb weight were fitted to the polynomial quadratic equation (Y = α + ax + bx2) to determine whether weed density and shoot weight are significant contributors and predictors of bulb weight.
Results and Discussion
Growth variables of transplanted and direct-seeded onion as affected by different densities of Fimbristylis miliacea. Predicted bulb masses of transplanted and direct-seeded onion bulbs as a function of Fimbristylis miliacea shoot density and biomass.
CHARACTERISTICS, IDENTITY, AND SURVIVAL OF RED EARTHWORM INFESTING THE IRRIGATED
They eat soil organic matter and increase the availability of plant nutrients in their castings (Somniyam and Suwanwaree, 2009). Earthworms have three broad ecological groups (Epigeic, Endogeic, Anecic) based on what they eat and where they tend to live in the soil.
RICE PADDIES IN FOUR PHILIPPINE PROVINCES
These earthworms were more numerous in the upper saturated layer (15 cm) of soil than in the flooded rice field. Gomez RA, Pacardo EP (2005) Overview of the damage in the Ifugao rice terraces and its environmental dynamics.
GENETIC AND TRAIT DIVERSITY OF SELECTED RICE VARIETIES FOR VARIETAL MIXTURE (VarMix)
36 commonly planted PSB/NSIC varieties in selected regions and provinces of the Philippines were selected (Rice Varietal Improvement Group, 2016). Profile traits of 36 varieties commonly planted in selected regions and provinces of the Philippines (Pinoy Rice Knowledge Bank, PhilRice).
RICE MECHANIZATION MODELS FOR SMALLHOLDER FARMERS: A CASE IN THE PHILIPPINES
In the 1970s, rice machines for land preparation (power planters), crop establishment (rice transplanters), crop care (weeding, irrigation pumps), harvesting (mechanical rice harvester), threshing (axial-flow thresher) and paddy drying were developed and few were commercialized by local manufacturers ( IRRI, 1986). While the cooperative currently extends 70% of the customized services exclusively to its members, it also provides services up to 30%.
Summary and Conclusion
Rodriguez DJF, Piadozo MES (2016) Characterization of farm mechanization among lowland rice farmers in Laguna, Philippines.
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CAPILLARY IRRIGATION (CAPILLARIGATION) SYSTEM FOR SWEETPOTATO
Specifically, it aimed to: (a) set up the system in plots prepared for sweet potato planting, (b) determine the volume of water applied in relation to system placement, and (c) evaluate the system's performance in terms of agronomic characteristics of crops and yield parameters. T1, T2, and T3 represent the settings of the capillarization system, which were described in terms of the volume of water inside the water level restrictor with its height corresponding to the height of the water in the riser. Manual irrigation was also added to the treatment to serve as a control (T0) and as a basis for comparing the performance of the capillarization system with the existing irrigation practice.
RAPID ANALYSIS OF RICE PROTEIN AND AMYLOSE CONTENT USING NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE
SPECTROSCOPY
Calibration development includes the following: (1) collection and processing of NIR spectra of rice samples; (2) establishing reference data using conventional laboratory methods and combining them with spectral data to construct a calibration data set containing all chemical and physical changes that can be expected in samples from an unknown population; (3) establishment of optimal calibration models and elimination of outliers; and (4) internal and external validation of the developed calibration models to assess their prediction accuracy (Li et al., 2020). Rice AC was measured based on the pH 9.2 iodine colorimetric method of Juliano et al. With a higher RPD value, the calibration model is more likely to predict the true sample values (Porep et al., 2015).
Results
Means, ranges and standard deviations (SD) of the reference values for PC and AC of rice. The developed calibration models based on rice flour spectra were installed in the NIRS machine and their prediction performance was assessed using 20 unknown rice samples that were not part of the calibration dataset. Therefore, proper selection of samples and reliable reference methods are crucial for the robustness and accuracy of the calibration models for the target constituents.
Conclusion and Recommendation
Sakai R, Rittiron R, Maniwara P (2017) Eating quality evaluation of Khao Dawk Mali 105 rice using near-infrared spectroscopy. Srikham W, Noomhorm A (2015) Milling quality assessment of Khao Dawk Mali 105 milled rice by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy technique. Hu PS (2014) Optimization of near-infrared reflectance model in measuring protein and amylose content in rice flour.
QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF RICE-MALT WITH SOY MILK BEVERAGE
This was followed by a thorough washing of the grains with distilled water to remove residual chemicals. Different temperatures (75°C, 85°C and 95°C) were used to determine the optimum kiln temperature for the rice malt. The pH of the three suitable rice malt extracts prepared from rice varieties with good germination energy (>90%) and malting yield was measured using a benchtop pH meter (Eutech pH 700, Singapore).
Product formulation
Average ratings of the sensory evaluation for the optimization of rice malt and soy milk drink and its overall opinion compared to a commercial product. Different ratios of rice malt extract and soy milk significantly affected the pH, TTA and TSS of the drinks (Table 5). The drink with a 6:4 ratio of rice malt extract and soy milk had a lighter shade due to the intrinsic milky white color of soy milk.
SUITABILITY OF TARO (Colocasia esculenta L.) AND RICE (Oryza sativa L.) FLOUR BLENDS FOR CRINKLE
Rice is the staple food of Filipinos, consumed as table rice or processed into various products and other forms such as rice flour. Thus, other grains such as rice flour are a good substitute for wheat flour (Wanyo et al., 2009). The production of taro and rice flour as substitutes for wheat also offers an opportunity to ensure food security in wheat-importing countries such as the Philippines.
PREMIX FORMULATION
The overall acceptability and distribution ratio values of the control sample and creases obtained using. Results of the analyzes were found to agree well with the predicted values (Table 5). The DF was significantly higher than that of the commercial products with similar fat content.
Conclusion and Recommendations
Adane T, Shimelis A, Tilahun B, Haki GD (2013) Effect of processing method on the proximate composition, mineral content and anti-nutritional factors of taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) grown in Ethiopia. Giri NA, Sajeev MS (2020) Physico-mechanical and nutritional evaluation of taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) flour-based gluten-free cookies. Suitability of Taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) and Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Crinkle Premix Formulation Ross S (2020) What is a Relative Standard Error.
ASSESSING CONSUMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO BUY NATIVE DELICACIES INCORPORATED WITH
Consumers who were unwilling to buy these native delicacies if FRB were added said they are unsure about the taste (60%), they distrust new foods (26%) and they perceived the product to be expensive (14%) (Table 5). Consumers were also asked the extent of their willingness to pay for these indigenous delicacies if they were incorporated with FRB. Income and perceived good taste are positive and significant predictors of consumer willingness to purchase these upgraded native delicacies.
Recommendations
Consumers' willingness to purchase fermented rice bran delicacies Christ-Ribeiro A, Chiattoni LM, Mafaldo CR, Badiale-. Furlong E, de Souza-Soares LA (2021) Rice bran fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: nutritious ingredient in the formulation of gluten-free cookies. Ono H, Nishio S, Tsurii J, Kawamoto T, Sonomoto K, Nakayama J (2014) Monitoring the microbiota profile in nukadoko, a naturally fermented rice bran bed for pickling vegetables.
ENHANCEMENT OF RICE SEEDLING GROWTH BY PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING
STREPTOMYCES MUTABILIS
RESEARCH NOTE
High seed vigor is one of the prerequisites for better seedling establishment in the field (Mia et al., 2012). Furthermore, Streptomyces fumanus increased the seed vigor of wheat and soybeans by 1.5 - 2 times (Doolotkeldieva et al., 2015). Root hairs are an important structure of root for crops because they make up 77% of the root surface area (Jills et al., 2000).
EVALUATION OF RICE ACCESSIONS FOR BROWN PLANTHOPPER (NILAPARVATA LUGENS STÅL) AND
GREEN LEAFHOPPER (NEPHOTETTIX VIRESCENS DISTANT) RESISTANCE
The gene bank of the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) evaluated 2,055 traditional rice accessions for resistance to BHP, while 2,049 accessions were for green leafhopper (GLH). The evaluation of rice accessions was done according to the protocol and evaluation scale of the International Rice Research Institute (2002) under the Standard Evaluation System (SES). This result was also evaluated in this study, in which three rice accessions were shown to be moderately resistant to BPH and GLH: Saigon (PRRI000039), Bandera (PRRI000040), and Luding-luding (PRRI000113).
RESPONSE TO HERBICIDE OF RICE BREEDING LINES DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT INDUCED MUTATIONS
One week after application, the lines showed leaf curl (Figure 2a), which indicated the progress of the herbicide effects. Among the test accessions examined, only DHLs derived from the anther culture of the IR64- Sub1/Nerica 4 cross exhibited leafless whorls (Figure 4a) one week after herbicide application. One of the reported mutant rice with herbicide tolerance is HTM-N22, which was developed from the induced mutation using ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS) of the Nagina 22 rice cultivar (Shoba et al., 2017).
IMPROVING FILIPINO RICE FARMERS’
COMPETITIVENESS THROUGH MECHANIZATION
This is a new strategy being promoted by the Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP) to address the problems of farmers' cooperatives and associations of lack of capital; lack of competent business managers; and unstable financial controls (Javier, 2016). Different inefficiencies arise in each activity, resulting in inefficiencies in the rice value chain. Farm mechanization is one of the important factors in the development of the rice industry in the Philippines.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PLANT- GROWTH-PROMOTING BACTERIA UNDER LONG-TERM
IRRIGATED LOWLAND RICE ECOSYSTEM
Bacterial isolates were spot-inoculated onto the surface of Pikovskaya's media and were incubated for 5 days. Most of the positive isolates positive for IAA production were obtained from the fertilized plot. Hydrolysis of starch is shown by the formation of a clearing zone around bacterial streaks after the surface of the medium is washed.
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