LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 The Core of the Tourism Development Plan of Thailand and Implementation Situation
2.1.3 Driving the Tourism Development Plan into Implementation The second national tourism development plan (2017-2021) has been driven The second national tourism development plan (2017-2021) has been driven
organizations or associations holistically in order to reach the highest accomplishment completely.
2.1.3 Driving the Tourism Development Plan into Implementation
secretary for tourism and sports, department of tourism and tourism authority of Thailand considered to adjust strategic policy, implementation plan and project/responsible scheme in order to reach the intention of the second national tourism development plan (2017-2021).
There are five strategies that sectors are responsible to drive implementation as follows;
Strategy 1: The quality development of tourist attraction, product and service to create the balance and sustainability. Ministry of Tourism and Sports is a main responsible sector and there are lots of supporters such as Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Public Health, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative, Convention and Exhibition Bureau (Public Organization) and Designated Areas for Sustainable Tourism Administration (Public Organization).
Strategy 2: The development of infrastructure and facility. This would mean that it is important to support the expansion of tourism industry.
Obviously, Ministry of Transport and Ministry of Tourism and Sports are major responsible sectors. Also, there are many supporters including Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Digital Economy and Society, Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Tourist Police Bureau and Royal Thai Police.
Strategy 3: The development of human resources and the supporting participation of population in the tourism administration and development.
Then, Ministry of Tourism and Sports is a major responsible sector. Additionally, there are various supporters such as Ministry of Labor, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Culture and Department of Local Administration.
Strategy 4: Creating balance for Thailand’s tourism through target group, promoting Thai lifestyle and building reliability to foreign tourists. So, Ministry of Tourism and Sports is a main responsible sector. Furthermore, there are many supporters including Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Royal Thai Police and Designated Areas for Sustainable Tourism Administration (Public Organization).
Strategy 5: Integrated tourism administration and promoting international cooperation. Then, Ministry of Tourism and Sports is a major responsible sector. In addition, there are several supporters such as Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Digital Economy and Society and Department of Local Administration.
Therefore, the main sectors of each strategy are responsible to cooperate with other supporters in operational level. Also, the main sectors are responsible to be a sponsor of local development. Moreover, the duty and responsibility are set in developing and driving the direction, project/scheme based on the plan such as promoting, encouraging and facilitating effective implementation as well as releasing the implementation result publicly.
The policy and national tourism development plan were considered as the direction of tourism development in provincial development plan and integrated provincial development plan. This would mean that the national tourism development plan was the direction of development as overall picture. Also, it can be the direction of tourism administration and development in provincial level for supporting the overall growth. Additionally, the national tourism development plan was a master plan for important tourism development such as tourisms in terms of healthy, marine, conference, exhibition and so on.
The national tourism development plan was considered as overall development plan that will become a sustainable basis for developing tourism later.
As a secretary of national tourism policy committee, Ministry of Tourism and Sports is responsible for conducting public relations, informing and understanding the main point of the national tourism development plan towards central, provincial and local sectors as well as supporting the development based on the duty and responsibility.
2) Area-level: It comprise of tourism development committee for tourism development areas, provincial committee and integrated provincial administrative committee as well as related sectors. Moreover, both of public and private sectors have their own missions regarding the tourism administration and development such as government offices and state enterprises in provinces and regions, Tourism Council of Thailand, Association of Thai Travel Agent, educational institution and international organization for tourism as well as local administrative
organizations in all levels that are a policy receiver from the national tourism policy committee and cabinet or from related policy committee towards the implementation that must be consistent and connected with the national tourism development plan.
Thereby, there are various direction of implementation as follows;
(1) Regional level: Ministry of Tourism and Sports considered in the distribution of duty and responsibility to implement the plan into provinces. In the provincial government service, there is the department of tourism and sports in each province considered as a regional administration that is responsible to coordinate between provincial administrative office and provincial tourism development committee. Additionally, it also is responsible to create the implementation plan of tourism development in provincial areas or tourism development zone. According to the regional development, the office of tourism and sports is responsible to support in planning and implementing of provincial administrative committee and integrated provincial administrative committee that related with the tourism administration and development. Moreover, it need to encourage the cooperation of all sectors in order to implement the plan and develop tourism in regional level.
(2) Local level: Ministry of Tourism and Sports has cooperated with Ministry of Interior to conduct the principles and guidelines of strategic development under the national tourism development plan. So, all of local government organizations over the regions acknowledge and then set the strategies or implementation plan of tourism development in responsible areas. Therefore, the implementation based on intention of planning act, procedure of authority distribution towards local administrative organizations in 1999 and other regulations organized by Ministry of Interior through legal authority with defining ready Implementors clearly.
(3) Implementation of private sectors: Private organizations are allowed to participate in determining policy in all levels for tourism implementation that must be responsible to society, community and users. However, the development results will not negatively influence on natural resources, environment and national arts and cultures. Otherwise, the management is clear and fair in business.
Furthermore, private organizations are playing an important role in co-creating social services and other creative activities. Also, Ministry of Tourism and Sports is
responsible to provide suggestions and support the implementation of private sector in areas.
3) Community-Level: Population and community are encouraged to participate in the tourism administration and development of Thailand according to the appropriate contexts, especially in the development of infrastructures and tourism facilities that can satisfy the local lifestyle through the procedure of planning and driving the local development plan. Additionally, it is necessary to consider the conservation or rehabilitation of tradition, local knowledge and good local and national cultures as well as supporting the participation rights of public sector and community to conserve, preserve and promote the beneficial awareness of natural resources, environment and balanced and sustainable bio-diversity. Therefore, the participation of community and population network that owns an area will support the identity and Thai tradition with tourism experiences and income distribution from tourism into populations actually.
According to the information about driving tourism development plan into the essential and integrated implementation as mentioned in the principles, objectives and guidelines, it can suppose initially in terms of the definition of integration in the desires of the national tourism development plan through the principles of content-analysis. This would mean that one attribute of working system of human being, sector or other organizations in various level that collaborate between people, sector or other organization to participate in the implementation or operate in driving tourism administration and development contiguously. Moreover, it must be consistent and horizontal and vertical networks through mechanism and development tools of public sector, population, and private sector.
Finally, it has been shown how well tourism plans are developed via an efficient and effective method or by a multi-part participatory method. Nonetheless, imposing rules without a method for integration will not result in the success of such tourism plans. As Praedau Foopanichpruk (2016, 2017, 2018) analysis demonstrates, the three years highlighted the issue of policy implementation with less cooperation across agencies than expected. It undermines the efficiency gains that should be made in a variety of areas, most notably resource sustainability and safety, that the nature of
these disciplines precludes tourism organizations from achieving success on their own or in isolation.
2.1.4 Thailand’s Tourism Administration and Development in the