Chapter VI To explore the trend of development”Liao Song” in Ping Guo ,Guang Xi , China
2. Problems encountered in the development
2.4 Local school development Liao songs
Educator Lan Feng Ming said :For the sing of Liao songs, the local government has also cooperated with local universities, primary and secondary schools, and kindergartens, but basically they are all in their own right. Without a comprehensive plan to form a good synergy, the real life of Liao songs continues to be passed down from generation to generation. Local governments have some difficulties in the integration of Liao songs with the school. First, the traditional form of singing is different from the current "scientific" singing technique. Most professional teachers think that Liao songs is a self-entertainment of farmers in the mountains.
The form of singing is a kind of shouting singing, which is not conducive to the teaching of vocal
89 music. Therefore, this form of singing is very repulsive, which makes the transmission of Liao songs progress slowly. Second, the language of the teaching of Liao songs is Zhuang language singing. Many of today's students are Zhuang, but many of them do not speak Zhuang language.
Language barriers bring difficulties to students. Third, students are also not used to this form of singing, which makes the learning enthusiasm low. In the primary and secondary schools and kindergartens where the Liao songs grew, some sungs were performed, but only the short Liao songs was sung, and there was no scale and planned transmission. Most of the songs are songs that adults can sing. Students in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens are not suitable for singing. If you don’t make proper changes to Liao songs, you will bring great singing difficulties to the students, resulting in no interest.
From May to September 2019, the author investigated the transmission of ethnic minorities such as Pingguo, Tiandong and Tianyang counties in the birthplace of Zhuang nationality Liao songs. At present, there are only a number of training institutes in Pingguo County, which specifically teach Zhuang nationality Liao songs culture, such as: Pingguo County Liao songs Association Singer Training Center, yexu Liao songs exhibition center and other places have carried out Liao songs singing activities. Other counties have not yet established a special Liao songs workshop. The Guangxi Culture Department also set up the Liao songs Museum in Pingguo County. At present, the teachings of the Liao songs have been carried out in kindergartens, elementary schools, middle schools and universities in Pingguo County, and have achieved good results.
Figure 38 Liao songs in kindergartens
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Figure 39 Liao songs in elementary schools
Figure 40 Liao songs in middle schools
Figure 41 Liao songs in colleges
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Figure 42 Liao songs trainning centre
Figure 43 Liao songs Association Singer Training Center Zhuang Liao songs Museum 2.4.2 Case investigation and analysis:
Liao songs wants to pass on from generation to generation and needs to start from a small age. According to the research plan and design, especially for the investigation of the transmission of Liao songs in the local primary school. The following two cases, the Pingguo
92 County Second Primary School and the guohua Township Primary School inherited the specific situation of the investigation of the Liao songs.I had been go to filed work and meet Lu Shan Xiao,he is second primary school teacher in Ping Guo, I collect some data,The result followed as is:
Basic situation of the two primary schools：
Pingguo County No. 2 Primary School is located in Pingguo County, with 33 classes and 2,250 students. The school attaches great importance to the sing of Liao songs, especially established the "yin duo lei ni" children's choir, and has performed in Beijing, Shanghai, Sichuan and other provinces and cities and the National Grand Theatre. The beautiful and pleasant Liao songs has been highly appreciated by the locals.
Pingguo County Guohua Town Primary School is located in a township of more than ten kilometers in Pingguo County. There are more than 10 teaching classes and less than 800 students. The Liao songs singing activity at this school is mainly a basic universal education.
The second primary school in Pingguo County and the primary school in Guohua Town pass on the situation of Liao songs：
The subjects of the survey were students from grades 5 and 6 of the second primary school in Pingguo County and students in grades 4, 5 and 6 of Guohua Town Primary School. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed and 500 were recovered, with a recovery rate of 100%.
According to the survey, the following measures were taken to carry out the transmission of the Liao songs culture.
First, the second primary school in Pingguo County invited Lu Shunhong, the president of Pingguo Liao songs Association, to teach the Liao songs culture. More than 50 students regularly study Liao songs with Lu Shunhong on Saturday. Other students sometimes take the initiative to go to the Pinguo County Liao songs singer training center to learn Liao songs. The Liao songs transmission class is usually at 19:00-21:00 in the evening. Because the Guohua Town Primary School is relatively far from the county town, it has not formed a regular teaching mode. The teacher Liao songs arranges to sing twice in a month, and the number of students is more than 30.
Second, the second primary school in Pingguo County uses music lessons and spare time to teach students Liao songs. The specific practice is to organize a more than 50 students to train Liao songs on music classes and after school hours on Wednesdays and Fridays. Guohua Town Primary School is mainly a teacher who sings a little Liao songs to carry out the training of some
93 of the primary singing. Appropriately integrates Zhuang's intangible cultural transmission knowledge into the music classroom of the primary school to enhance students' understanding of the Liao songs culture.
Third, the second primary school in Pingguo County established the “yin duo lei ni”
children’s choir. Specifically, the school's teacher Lu Shanxiao is responsible for the creation.
The choir was formed in 2006. Some of them have been to the National Centre for the Performing Arts and participated in the Chinese original folk songs performance. They also participated in the performance of the Guangxi World Expo Week in Shanghai, and truly passed on the Liao songs to the next generation.
Guohua Town Primary School did not set up a special Liao songs team, and the entire Liao songs was not very large. According to statistics, the second primary school in Pingguo County teaches and conducts literary activities such as Liao songs through textbook knowledge, allowing students to learn minority cultures such as Liao songs (see Figure 32).
Figure 44 Schools carry out the cultural transmission of ethnic minorities such as Zhuang nationality Liao songs
To sum up:
The difficulty of the existence of Liao songs in Guohua Town Primary School:
Guohua Town Primary School has achieved certain results in inheriting the intangible cultural transmission of ethnic minorities such as Liao songs. There are also some problems and difficulties, mainly in the following two aspects:
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94 First, it is the issue of teachers. Only two of the faculty and staff of Guohua Town Primary School will sing a little Liao songs. If you want to sing the Liao songs in the whole school, you need to carry out targeted training. Because the teacher is not proficient in the singing of Liao songs, it is caused students can't grasp the essence of Liao songs.
Second, it is a funding issue. Folk artists are required to pay for classes when they go to school. At present, there is no special fund for the school. It can only pay the remuneration from the school's few funds, and it cannot solve the fundamental problems, which brings difficulties to the development of this work.
Inheriting the experience of Liao songs:
Through the investigation and analysis of the two primary schools in Pingguo County, the author believes that the following experience is worth pondering.
First, the principal's concept directly affects the national culture into the campus. The second elementary school in Pingguo County has achieved great success in inheriting national culture and is inseparable from the attention of school leaders.
Second, the recognition and love of the national culture by parents and students is the basis for the school to inherit the national culture. According to a survey of students in the fifth and sixth grades of Pingguo County Primary School and the fourth, fifth and sixth grades of Guohua Town Primary School. Among the 500 students surveyed, all students answered “know Liao songs”, which accounted for 100% (see Figure 33); 412 students answered “can sing a little Liao songs”, accounting for about 82% (see Figure 34).
Figure 45 Student's understanding of Liao songs
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Figure 46 Students master the situation of Liao songs
Questionnaire surveys of students from Pingguo County Guohua Town Primary School showed that: Among the 197 students surveyed, 144 students thought that the intangible cultural transmission of ethnic minorities such as Liao songs was “excellent”, accounting for 73.1%: 40 students thought “no feeling”, accounting for 20.3%; only 13 people think "not good" (see Figure 35 for details).
Figure 47 Students' love for Liao songs
According to a random survey of villagers in Jiangna Village, Guohua Town, Pingguo County, 69 out of the 80 villagers surveyed believe that the ethnic culture of Liao nationality is
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“excellent”, accounting for 86.25%; 4 people think “no feeling”, accounting for 5%; 7 people think "not good", accounting for 8.75%
Figure 48 Parents' attitudes towards minority culture
There are 76 people who “hope that children learn minority culture in school”, accounting for 95%; only 3 people answered “Do not want children to learn minority culture in school”, accounting for 3.75%; one person answered “unclear”, accounting for 1.25 % (see Figure 37).
Figure 49 Parents' support for minority culture in schools
Third, government departments and leaders at all levels attach importance to it, and securing financial support is the key.
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97 In Pingguo County, the shortage of funds for the protection of intangible cultural transmission is very prominent. There are two sources of funding for the protection of intangible transmission at the national level: one is state subsidies, and the other is local financial subsidies.
Due to local financial difficulties, it is basically impossible to include a special budget. If you need to carry out some activities, you can sometimes apply for financial assistance, but there is no system. For example, the second elementary school in Pingguo County wants to re-create the new Liao songs and create some new works, but it is stranded because there is no financial support.
Because the work needs financial support, it can be carried out.