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Abstract Impact of Elective Surgery in Private Hospitals under the Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme (CSMBS) on the Health System
Phatthanawilai Inmai*, Samrit Srithamrongsawat*
*Health Insurance System Research Office
Since May 2011, CSMBS patients have been allowed to get certain elective surgeries in accredited private hospitals. The scheme pays private hospitals by case-based payment, Diagnosis Related Group (DRG), and the hospitals can charge extra for bed and board and doctor fee. This study aims to assess utilization trend of CSMBS patients for certain elective surgeries in both public and private hospitals prior to and after policy implementation, and its impacts on service utilization of UCS members, efficiency of service provision, and burden of expenditure on patients and the scheme. Claim administrative databases of the CSMBS and UCS were employed in the analysis.
Results reveal that Intraocular Lens (IOL) Replacement for cataract was major procedure used in private hospitals, 80%, followed by childbirth (5%) and knee replacement (3%). the number of patients receiving IOL has been prominently increased following the policy. This was due to relatively high pay- ment rate for IOL, active screening for patients with cataract in communities together with no co-payment policy and free transportation provided by one private hospital chain who was major provider under this policy (74% of cases). Shifting of CSMBS patients to private hospitals let public hospitals having more available beds and doctor’s time for UCS patients. The numbers of childbirth and knee replacement in private hospitals under the policy were low due to lack of active marketing, relatively high copayment especially for knee replacement. Negative impact on public hospitals located in provinces where many patients got care from private hospitals was not found. Under prospective payment system, private hos- pitals were more efficient in managing resources. Private hospitals selected better paid procedures in the provision; moreover, there was huge variation in the level of copayments for same procedure of different private hospitals. The policy increased expenditure on private inpatient care; however, it did not affect overall expenditure of the scheme.
In conclusion, the policy increased access to IOL replacement for cataract patients among CSMBS members; however, monitoring and evaluation system should be strengthened before scaling up the pro- gram.
Keywords: Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme, elective surgery, service utilization.
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°”Àπ¥√À— À—μ∂°“√ (ICD9) §◊Õ 81.54 - 81.55
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1. ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—Ë«‰ª
„π√Õ∫Àπ÷ËߪïÀ≈—ß®“°‡√‘Ë¡ª√–°“»„™âπ‚¬∫“¬¥—ß°≈à“« ¡’
®”π«πºŸâ„™â∫√‘°“√„π‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈‡Õ°™π∑’Ë√à«¡‚§√ß°“√∑—Èß ‘Èπ 4,706 √“¬ ®“°‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈‡Õ°™π®”π«π 26 ·Ààß ‚¥¬ 3 „π 4
¢ÕߺŸâ„™â∫√‘°“√∑—ÈßÀ¡¥‡ªìπºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇ¢â“√—∫∫√‘°“√„π‡§√◊Õ‚√ß æ¬“∫“≈»ÿ¿¡‘μ√ (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 1) à«π„À≠à‡ªìπ‡æ»À≠‘ß (√âÕ¬≈–
61) ·≈–‡ªìπºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ Õ“¬ÿ‡©≈’ˬլŸà∑’Ë 71 ± 13 ªï ‚¥¬‡©æ“–ºŸâ ªÉ«¬ºà“μ—¥‡ª≈’ˬπ‡≈π åμ“°√≥’μâÕ°√–®° ·≈–°“√ºà“μ—¥
‡ª≈’ˬπ¢âÕ‡¢à“ à«πºŸâªÉ«¬§≈Õ¥§◊Õ°≈ÿà¡∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π«—¬∑”ß“π (Õ“¬ÿ
‡©≈’ˬ 33 ± 6 ªï) ∑—Èßπ’È à«π„À≠à (√âÕ¬≈– 78) „™â ‘∑∏‘¢Õß
¢â“√“™°“√À√◊Õ≈Ÿ°®â“ß ‚¥¬‡ªìπ∫‘¥“À√◊Õ¡“√¥“¢Õߢâ“√“™°“√
À√◊Õ≈Ÿ°®â“߇ªìπÀ≈—° (√âÕ¬≈– 69.3)
∑—Èßπ’È °“√ºà“μ—¥‡ª≈’ˬπ‡≈π åμ“„πºŸâªÉ«¬μâÕ°√–®°‡ªìπ À—μ∂°“√À≈—°∑’Ë¡’°“√‡∫‘°®à“¬¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥¿“¬„μâ‚§√ß°“√π’È ºŸâ„Àâ
∫√‘°“√À≈—° §◊Õ ‡§√◊Õ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈»ÿ¿¡‘μ√ (√âÕ¬≈– 88) ‚¥¬
°“√ÕÕ°μ√«®§—¥°√ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‡™‘ß√ÿ°„π™ÿ¡™π®—ßÀ«—¥μà“ßÊ
°≈¬ÿ∑∏套߰≈à“« ‡§√◊Õ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈»ÿ¿¡‘μ√‰¥â¥”‡π‘π°“√„π
°≈ÿࡺŸâªÉ«¬ ‘∑∏‘À≈—°ª√–°—π ÿ¢¿“æ·Ààß™“μ‘¡“μ—Èß·μà°àÕπ¡’
π‚¬∫“¬®“°°√¡∫—≠™’°≈“ßπ’È·≈â« à«π°“√§≈Õ¥ °“√ºà“μ—¥
‡ª≈’ˬπ¢âÕ‡¢à“ ·≈–°“√ºà“μ—¥Õ◊ËπÊ ‡§√◊Õ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈»ÿ¿¡‘μ√ ¡’
à«π·∫à߇撬ß√âÕ¬≈– 15-18 (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 2)
2. °“√„™â∫√‘°“√„π 3 À—μ∂°“√À≈—°°àÕπ·≈–À≈—ß¡’π‚¬
∫“¬œ
à«π∑’Ë 2 »÷°…“°“√„™â∫√‘°“√„π “¡À—μ∂°“√À≈—°™à«ß°àÕπ
·≈–À≈—ß°“√¡’π‚¬∫“¬œπ’È ‡æ◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“«à“¡’º≈°√–∑∫μàÕ°“√
„Àâ∫√‘°“√„π‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈√—∞À√◊Õ‰¡à? √«¡∂÷ß¡’º≈°√–∑∫μàÕ
°“√‰¥â√—∫∫√‘°“√¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ ‘∑∏‘À≈—°ª√–°—π ÿ¢¿“æ·Ààß™“μ‘
À√◊Õ‰¡à?
2.1 °“√„™â∫√‘°“√ “¡À—μ∂°“√ ‘∑∏‘ «— ¥‘°“√√—°…“
欓∫“≈¢â“√“™°“√
À≈—ß®“°¡’π‚¬∫“¬π’È ®”π«π°“√„™â∫√‘°“√ºà“μ—¥¢Õß∑—Èß 3 À—μ∂°“√¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ ‘∑∏‘ «— ¥‘°“√√—°…“欓∫“≈¢â“√“™°“√„π
‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈√—∞¡’·π«‚πâ¡≈¥≈߇≈Á°πâÕ¬μ—Èß·μà√âÕ¬≈– 1 - 3 (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 3) Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ ‡¡◊ËÕ√«¡°“√„™â∫√‘°“√„π‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈
‡Õ°™πÀ≈—ß¡’π‚¬∫“¬√à«¡¥â«¬ æ∫«à“°“√„™â∫√‘°“√ºà“μ—¥
μâÕ°√–®°‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ√âÕ¬≈– 8 ·≈–°“√ºà“μ—¥‡ª≈’ˬπ¢âÕ‡¢à“‡æ‘Ë¡
¢÷Èπª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 2
2.2 °“√„™â∫√‘°“√ “¡À—μ∂°“√À≈—°¢Õß√–∫∫À≈—°
μ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 ≈—°…≥–∑—Ë«‰ª¢ÕߺŸâ„™â∫√‘°“√ºà“μ—¥·∫∫π—¥À¡“¬≈à«ßÀπâ“
„π‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈‡Õ°™π
≈—°…≥–∑—Ë«‰ª ®”π«π (√âÕ¬≈–)
®”π«πºŸâªÉ«¬∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 4,706
‡§√◊Õ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈»ÿ¿¡‘μ√ 3,483 (74.0)
‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈‡Õ°™πÕ◊ËπÊ 1,223 (26.0)
‡æ»
™“¬ 1,834 (39.0)
˭ԧ 2,872 (61.0)
Õ“¬ÿ‡©≈’ˬ (ªï) 71±13
ºà“μ—¥‡ª≈’ˬπ‡≈π åμ“„πºŸâªÉ«¬μâÕ°√–®° 73±9
°“√§≈Õ¥ 33±6
ºà“μ—¥‡ª≈’ˬπ¢âÕ‡¢à“ 72±12
ºà“μ—¥Õ◊ËπÊ 49±68
ª√–‡¿∑¢ÕߺŸâ¡’ ‘∑∏‘
¢√°./≈Ÿ°®â“ß 3,669 (78.0)
∫”π“≠/‡∫’ȬÀ«—¥ 967 (20.5)
æπ—°ß“π¢Õß√—∞ —ß°—¥ ∏. 70 (1.5)
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õ߇®â“¢Õß ‘∑∏‘°—∫ºŸâªÉ«¬
μ—«‡Õß 1,073 (22.8)
∫ÿμ√ 3,259 (69.2)
∫‘¥“/¡“√¥“ 12 (0.3)
§Ÿà ¡√ 362 (7.7)
μ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 ®”π«π°“√„™â∫√‘°“√ ®”·π°μ“¡À—μ∂°“√·≈–°≈ÿà¡‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈ (æ.». 2553 - ‡¡.¬ 2554)
°≈ÿà¡À—μ∂°“√ ‡§√◊Õ√æ. »ÿ¿¡‘μ√ √æ.Õ◊ËπÊ √«¡ √âÕ¬≈– (®”·π°μ“¡À—μ∂°“√)
ºà“μ—¥μâÕ°√–®° 3,321 444 3,765 80
°“√§≈Õ¥ 33 185 218 5
ºà“μ—¥‡ª≈’ˬπ¢âÕ‡¢à“ 20 102 122 2
ºà“μ—¥Õ◊ËπÊ 109 492 601 13
√«¡ 3,483 1,223 4,706 100
√âÕ¬≈– (®”·π°μ“¡ª√–‡¿∑√æ.) 74 26 100
ª√–°—π ÿ¢¿“æ·Ààß™“μ‘
‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫®”π«π°“√„™â∫√‘°“√ºà“μ—¥∑—Èß 3 °≈ÿà¡
À—μ∂°“√¢Õß√–∫∫À≈—°ª√–°—π ÿ¢¿“æ·Ààß™“μ‘ ∑—Èß„π
‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈√—∞·≈–‡Õ°™π°àÕπ (æ.§.- °.¬. 2553) ·≈–À≈—ß (æ.§. - °.¬. 2554) ¡’π‚¬∫“¬π’È æ∫«à“ °“√„™â∫√‘°“√„π
‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈√—∞¢Õß∑—Èß “¡À—μ∂°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ√âÕ¬≈– 4 - 31 (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 4) „π¢≥–∑’˰“√„™â∫√‘°“√¥â«¬ “¡°≈ÿà¡À—μ∂°“√π’È„π
‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈‡Õ°™π‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ÕßÀ—μ∂°“√ §◊Õ ºà“μ—¥μâÕ°√–®°
(√âÕ¬≈– 49) ·≈–°“√§≈Õ¥ (√âÕ¬≈– 4) à«π°“√„™â∫√‘°“√
ºà“μ—¥‡ª≈’ˬπ¢âÕ‡¢à“„π‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈‡Õ°™π≈¥≈ß (√âÕ¬≈– 16) Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ ‡¡◊ËÕ√«¡°“√„™â∫√‘°“√∑—Èß„π‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈√—∞·≈–
‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈‡Õ°™π °“√„™â∫√‘°“√¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ ‘∑∏‘À≈—°ª√–°—π ÿ¢¿“æ·Ààß™“쑇æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ√âÕ¬≈– 24, 4 ·≈– 25 ”À√—∫°“√
ºà“μ—¥μâÕ°√–®°, °“√§≈Õ¥ ·≈–°“√ºà“μ—¥‡ª≈’ˬπ¢âÕ‡¢à“
μ“¡≈”¥—∫ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫™à«ß‡«≈“‡¥’¬«°—π°àÕπ·≈–À≈—ß¡’
π‚¬∫“¬π’È
2.3 °“√ºà“μ—¥μâÕ°√–®°¢Õß‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈ª√–®”®—ßÀ«—¥
„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑’Ë¡’°“√‰ª„™â∫√‘°“√„π‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈‡Õ°™π¡“°
‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡§√◊Õ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈»ÿ¿¡‘μ√ ¡’°≈¬ÿ∑∏å„π°“√À“
ºŸâªÉ«¬μâÕ°√–®°‚¥¬°“√ÕÕ°§—¥°√ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬„π™ÿ¡™πμ“¡
®—ßÀ«—¥μà“ßÊ ∑”„À⺟âªÉ«¬ºà“μ—¥μâÕ°√–®°¢Õ߇§√◊Õ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈
»ÿ¿¡‘μ√ à«π„À≠à (√âÕ¬≈– 84) ¡’¿Ÿ¡‘≈”‡π“Õ¬ŸàπÕ°®—ßÀ«—¥∑’Ëμ—Èß
μ“√“ß∑’Ë 4 ®”π«π°“√„™â∫√‘°“√ “¡À—μ∂°“√À≈—°¢Õß√–∫∫À≈—°ª√–°—π ÿ¢¿“æ·Ààß™“μ‘ °àÕπ (æ.§.-°.¬. 2553) ·≈–À≈—ß (æ.§.-°.¬. 2554)
¡’π‚¬∫“¬œπ’È
μâÕ°√–®° §≈Õ¥ ‡ª≈’ˬπ¢âÕ‡¢à“
ª√–‡¿∑
°àÕπ À≈—ß °àÕπ À≈—ß °àÕπ À≈—ß
√æ.√—∞ 33,475 37,924 179,680 186,684 2,069 2,713
√æ.‡Õ°™π 13,558 20,165 6,122 6,354 323 272
√«¡ 47,033 58,089 185,802 193,038 2,392 2,985
Õ—μ√“‡æ‘Ë¡„π√æ.√—∞ (%) 13.29 3.90 31.13
Õ—μ√“‡æ‘Ë¡„π√æ.‡Õ°™π (%) 48.73 3.79 -15.79
Õ—μ√“‡æ‘Ë¡√«¡ (%) 23.51 3.89 24.79
∑’Ë¡“: ∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√‡∫‘°®à“¬ºŸâªÉ«¬„π√–∫∫À≈—°ª√–°—π ÿ¢¿“æ·Ààß™“μ‘
μ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 ®”π«π°“√ºà“μ—¥ “¡À—μ∂°“√À≈—°„π√–∫∫ «— ¥‘°“√√—°…“欓∫“≈¢â“√“™°“√ °àÕπ (æ.». 2553 - ‡¡.¬ 2554) ·≈–À≈—ß (æ.».
2554 - ‡¡.¬ 2555) ¡’π‚¬∫“¬
ºà“μ—¥μâÕ°√–®° §≈Õ¥ ºà“μ—¥‡ª≈’ˬπ¢âÕ‡¢à“
°àÕπ À≈—ß °àÕπ À≈—ß °àÕπ À≈—ß
√æ.√—∞ 32,579 31,482 20,767 20,438 4,107 4,056
√æ.‡Õ°™π 3,765 218 122
√«¡ 32,579 35,247 20,767 20,656 4,107 4,178
Õ—μ√“‡æ‘Ë¡„π√æ.√—∞ (%) -3.37 -1.58 -1.24
Õ—μ√“‡æ‘Ë¡√«¡ (%) 8.19 -0.53 1.73
∑’Ë¡“: ∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√‡∫‘°®à“¬√–∫∫ «— ¥‘°“√√—°…“欓∫“≈¢â“√“™°“√
¢Õß‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈ ‚¥¬æ∫«à“ºŸâªÉ«¬®“°Àâ“®—ßÀ«—¥·√°∑’Ë¡“√—∫
∫√‘°“√ºà“μ—¥μâÕ°√–®°„π‡§√◊Õ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈»ÿ¿¡‘μ√ Ÿß∑’Ë ÿ¥
ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ®—ßÀ«—¥æ‘®‘μ√ (1,092 √“¬) Õÿ∑—¬∏“π’ (316) æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° (254) æ√–π§√»√’Õ¬ÿ∏¬“ (220) ·≈–≈æ∫ÿ√’ (213)
¥—ßπ—Èπª√–‡¥Áπ∑’Ëπà“ π„®§◊Õ¡’º≈°√–∑∫μàÕ°“√„Àâ∫√‘°“√¢Õß
‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈ª√–®”®—ßÀ«—¥¥—ß°≈à“«À√◊Õ‰¡à? ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√‡∫‘°®à“¬
¢Õß√–∫∫ «— ¥‘°“√√—°…“欓∫“≈¢â“√“™°“√·≈–√–∫∫À≈—°
ª√–°—π ÿ¢¿“æ·Ààß™“μ‘„π™à«ß‡«≈“‡¥’¬«°—π°àÕπ (æ.§. - °.¬.
2553) ·≈–À≈—ß (æ.§. - °.¬.2554) ¡’π‚¬∫“¬¢Õß‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈
∑—ÈßÀâ“· ¥ß„π¿“æ∑’Ë 1 æ∫«à“¡’ “¡‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈∑’Ë¡’®”π«π ºŸâ√—∫∫√‘°“√ºà“μ—¥μâÕ°√–®°≈¥≈ß §◊Õ ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈æ‘®‘μ√
‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈æ√–π§√»√’Õ¬ÿ∏¬“ ·≈–‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈≈æ∫ÿ√’ ‚¥¬
®”π«πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë≈¥≈ßπ—Èπ à«π„À≠à‡ªìπºŸâªÉ«¬√–∫∫À≈—°ª√–°—π ÿ¢¿“æ·Ààß™“μ‘ „π¢≥–∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬ «— ¥‘°“√√—°…“欓∫“≈
¢â“√“™°“√°≈—∫‡æ‘Ë¡®”π«π¡“°¢÷Èπ·¡â«à“®”π«π‚¥¬√«¡¢Õß
‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈≈æ∫ÿ√’≈¥≈ß à«π‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈Õÿ∑—¬∏“π’ ·≈–
‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈æÿ∑∏™‘π√“™¡’®”π«πºŸâªÉ«¬ºà“μ—¥μâÕ°√–®°‡æ‘Ë¡
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¢âÕ —߇°μ§◊Õ ®—ßÀ«—¥∑—ÈßÀâ“≈â«π·≈â«·μà‰¥â√—∫º≈°√–∑∫®“°
«‘°ƒμπÈ”∑à«¡ªï 2554 ´÷Ë߇√‘Ë¡μ—Èß·μà‡¥◊Õπ°√°Ø“§¡®π∂÷ßμâπªï 2555 ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈æ√–π§√»√’Õ¬ÿ∏¬“∑’ËμâÕßÀ¬ÿ¥„Àâ
∫√‘°“√ºŸâªÉ«¬®“°πÈ”∑à«¡Àπ—°„π™à«ßª≈“¬ªï (¥Ÿ√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ª√–°Õ∫)
3. ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√®—¥∫√‘°“√
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‡æ‘Ë¡ Ÿß¡“°¢÷Èπ ´÷ËߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√√—∫∫√‘°“√§≈Õ¥¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬„π
√–∫∫ «— ¥‘°“√√—°…“欓∫“≈¢â“√“™°“√™à«ß°àÕπ·≈–À≈—ß¡’
π‚¬∫“¬· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“ ¬—ß§ß¡’ºŸâ‰ª√—∫∫√‘°“√§≈Õ¥„π
‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈‡Õ°™π®”π«ππâÕ¬¡“°‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– 1 ¢Õß°“√
§≈Õ¥∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ¥—ßπ—Èπ·¡â —¥ à«π°“√ºà“§≈Õ¥„π‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈
‡Õ°™π®– Ÿß∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 80 °Á‰¡à¡’º≈μàÕ —¥ à«π°“√ºà“§≈Õ¥
„π¿“æ√«¡¢Õß√–∫∫ §◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– 56 ¢Õß°“√§≈Õ¥∑—ÈßÀ¡¥
(μ“√“ß∑’Ë 5)
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√—∫°“√√—°…“μ—«„π‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈√—∞¡’®”π«π«—ππÕπ‡©≈’ˬπ“π
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√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ®”π«πºŸâ√—∫∫√‘°“√ºà“μ—¥μâÕ°√–®°™à«ß°àÕπ (æ.§.-°.¬.2553) ·≈–À≈—ß (æ.§.-°.¬.2554) ¡’π‚¬∫“¬®”·π°μ“¡®—ßÀ«—¥·≈–√–∫∫
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Õ—μ√“°“√‰¥â√—∫™¥‡™¬ (√âÕ¬≈–) 98 76 62 52 46 66
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√Ÿª∑’Ë 7 ®”π«π‡ß‘π‡∫‘°™¥‡™¬§à“∫√‘°“√ºŸâªÉ«¬„π‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈‡Õ°™πªïß∫ª√–¡“≥ 2553 - 2555
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