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(1)

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Ú. ·æ∑¬å»‘…¬å‡°à“¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ°√–®“¬Õ¬Ÿà„π¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– ˜, √Õß≈ß¡“‡ªìπ

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ı. ‚§√ß°“√º≈‘µ·æ∑¬å‡æ‘Ë¡‡æ◊ËÕ™“«™π∫∑∑ÿ°√ÿàπ Ÿß°«à“‡ªÑ“À¡“¬∑’Ëµ—Èß‰«â∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– Ú˘.ˆˆ ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– ÚÒ.ˆÛ.

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”√«®°“√°√–®“¬·æ∑¬åµ“¡·ºπæ—≤π“ª√–‡∑» ·≈–°“√

Abstract Retention Rate of Medical Graduates of Khon Kaen University in Northeastern Part

Pisaln Mairieng*, Anongsri Ngoson*, Apida Runvat*, Bussayasri Sribussayakul*, Pranee Kumma*

*Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand

The survey research was aimed at determining the retention rate of medical graduates of Khon Kaen University in Northeastern Part, after their compulsory three-year bonded period. The population under study were physicians who graduated from Khon Kaen medical school during the period 1979-2000. The list of alumni was colleted from the Alumni Association and Medical Education section. The list of alumni and their workplaces was investigated from Provincial Health Offices and the GIS of the Ministry of Public Health. The incomplete list of alumni and their workplaces was investigated by searching tele- phone numbers and asking questions of the alumni deputy. The list of alumni was verified by teachers who had to visit the alumni at their workplaces. The data were analyzed using percentages. The research findings were as follows:

1. The medical graduates remaining in the Northeast (70%) was higher than the quota rate (60%) by 10 percent.

2. The distribution of alumni was as follows: in the Northeast 70 percent and in Bangkok 11.65 percent. Compared with findings in 1992, the distribution in the Northeast decreased by 3 percent whereas in Bangkok it increased by 1.85 percent.

3. The alumni were stationed in large hospital (51%) more than community hospitals (49%).

4. The alumni in the Northeast worked at community hospitals 26.88 percent, regional hospitals 25.48 percent and private hospital 3.46 percent.

5. The production of the Collaborative Project to increase the production of rural doctors (CPIRD) was higher than the target by 29.66 percent for 1999 graduates and by 21.63 percent for 2000 graduates.

6. The retention rate in the Northeast (70%) was higher than the target (60%); 19 years out of 22 years had higher than quota rate. The three highest retention rates were 1998 graduates (92.45%), 1994 graduates (92.45%), and 1999 graduates (92.45%) respectively. The three lower rates were 1983 graduates (48.78%), 1982 graduates (51.16%), and 1979 graduates (54.55%) respectively.

Medical graduates from Khon Kaen University were retained in the community. The retention rate was in line with the intention and philosophy of three medical curricula, which emphasize that medical doctors should improve the public health of the community, have a positive attitude toward serving and working with others in the health team. The research findings confirmed the objective of the Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University.

Key words: distribution of physicians, retention rate in the Northeast, production of CPIRD

§

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236

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˘ ÚıÚÙ ÛÚ ı Û  Û Û ˘ Ùˆ

Ò ÚıÚı Û˘ ˜ Ù Ò Ò Ú ¯ ıÙ

ÒÒ ÚıÚˆ Ùˆ Ò ˆ Ò Ù Ò ÒÚ ˆ¯

ÒÚ ÚıÚ˜ Ù˘ ÒÒ ı  Û Ò ˘ ˆ˘

ÒÛ ÚıÚ¯ ˆÚ ÒÒ ˘  Ù ı Ò¯ ˘Ò

ÒÙ ÚıÚ˘ Ûı ˜ ı Ò Ú Û ÒÒ ıÛ

Òı ÚıÛ ıÙ ˘ ˆ  ˆ ı Ò˜ ¯

Òˆ ÚıÛÒ Ùı Ú Û    Û ı

Ò˜ ÚıÛÚ ÙÒ ˘ Ú  ı Û Ò ˆ

Ò¯ ÚıÛÛ ÛÙ ˆ ˜  Ù Ú ÒÛ ıÛ

Ò˘ ÚıÛÙ ÛÒ Ù Û  Ù Ò ¯ ÙÛ

Ú ÚıÛı Ù˘ Ò Ò  Ò Ò Û ıÛ

ÚÒ ÚıÛˆ ıÚ  Û  Û  ˆ ı¯

ÚÚ ÚıÛ˜ Ù  Û  Ù Ú ˘ Ù˘

√«¡ ˜¯Ò ÒÛ ¯¯ Ò ˆÛ ÙÙ Úı Ò,ÒÒˆ

√âÕ¬≈– ˆ˘.˘¯ ÒÒ.ˆı ˜.¯˘ .˘ ı.ˆı Û.˘Ù Ò¯.Û˜ Ò

(5)

‚¥¬¡’»‘…¬å‡°à“∑’Ë∑”ß“πÕ¬Ÿà„π¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ√âÕ¬≈–

˜, °√ÿß‡∑æ¡À“π§√√âÕ¬≈– ÒÒ.ˆı, ¿“§°≈“ß√âÕ¬≈– ˜.¯˘,

¿“§„µâ √âÕ¬≈– .˘, ¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– ı.ˆı, ·≈–¿“§Õ◊ËπÊ

√âÕ¬≈– Û.˘Ù (µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú ·≈–√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú).

Õ—µ√“°“√§ßÕ¬Ÿà¢Õß»‘…¬å‡°à“„π¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ

»‘…¬å‡°à“∑’Ë¬—ß§ßÕ¬ŸàªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π„π¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß

‡Àπ◊Õ Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬√âÕ¬≈– ˆ ¡’∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ Ò˘ √ÿàπ®“°∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ÚÚ

√ÿàπ. √ÿàπ∑’Ë§ßÕ¬Ÿà„π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ√ÿàπ

∑’Ë Ú √âÕ¬≈– ˘Ú.Ùı, √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ √ÿàπ∑’Ë Òˆ √âÕ¬≈– ˘,

√ÿàπ∑’Ë ÚÒ √âÕ¬≈– ¯˘.ˆˆ µ“¡≈”¥—∫. √ÿàπ∑’Ë¡’°“√§ßÕ¬ŸàµË”°«à“ ^{√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú} —¥ à«π»‘…¬å‡°à“∑’ËªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π„π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§µà“ß Ê

µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ

˜%

Õ◊Ëπ Ê Ù%

‡Àπ◊Õ ı%

„µâ Ò%

°≈“ß

¯%

°∑¡.

ÒÚ%

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Û ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°“√§ßÕ¬Ÿà¢Õß»‘…¬å‡°à“„π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§·≈–πÕ°¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ

®”π«π»‘…¬å‡°à“ °“√§ßÕ¬Ÿà„π¿“§ °“√§ßÕ¬ŸàπÕ°¿“§

√ÿàπ ªï∑’Ë√—∫‡¢â“

∑’Ë∑√“∫ —ß°—¥ §π √âÕ¬≈– §π √âÕ¬≈–

Ò ÚıÒˆ ÒÙ ÒÒ ˜¯.ı˜ Û ÚÒ.ÙÛ

Ú ÚıÒ˜ ÛÛ Ò¯ ıÙ.ıı Òı Ùı.Ùı

Û ÚıÒ¯ ÛÛ ÚÒ ˆÛ.ˆÙ ÒÚ Ûˆ.Ûˆ

Ù ÚıÒ˘ Û˜ Úı ˆ˜.ı˜ ÒÚ ÛÚ.ÙÛ

ı ÚıÚ ÙÛ ÚÚ ıÒ.Òˆ ÚÒ Ù¯.¯Ù

ˆ ÚıÚÒ ÙÒ Ú Ù¯.˜¯ ÚÒ ıÒ.ÚÚ

˜ ÚıÚÚ ÙÒ Úˆ ˆÛ.ÙÒ Òı Ûˆ.ı˘

¯ ÚıÚÛ Ù˜ Ú˘ ˆÒ.˜ Ò¯ Û¯.Û

˘ ÚıÚÙ Ùˆ ÛÚ ˆ˘.ı˜ ÒÙ Û.ÙÛ

Ò ÚıÚı ıÙ Û˘ ˜Ú.ÚÚ Òı Ú˜.˜¯

ÒÒ ÚıÚˆ ˆ¯ Ùˆ ˆ˜.ˆı ÚÚ ÛÚ.Ûı

ÒÚ ÚıÚ˜ ˆ˘ Ù˘ ˜Ò.Ò Ú Ú¯.˘˘

ÒÛ ÚıÚ¯ ˘Ò ˆÚ ˆ¯.ÒÛ Ú˘ ÛÒ.¯˜

ÒÙ ÚıÚ˘ ıÛ Ûı ˆˆ.Ù Ò¯ ÛÛ.˘ˆ

Òı ÚıÛ ¯ ıÙ ˆ˜.ı Úˆ ÛÚ.ı

Òˆ ÚıÛÒ ı Ùı ˘. ı Ò.

Ò˜ ÚıÛÚ ˆ ÙÒ ˆ¯.ÛÛ Ò˘ ÛÒ.ˆ˜

Ò¯ ÚıÛÛ ıÛ ÛÙ ˆÙ.Òı Ò˘ Ûı.¯ı

Ò˘ ÚıÛÙ ÙÛ ÛÒ ˜Ú.˘ ÒÚ Ú˜.˘Ò

Ú ÚıÛı ıÛ Ù˘ ˘Ú.Ùı Ù ˜.ıı

ÚÒ ÚıÛˆ ı¯ ıÚ ¯˘.ˆˆ ˆ Ò.ÛÙ

ÚÚ ÚıÛ˜ Ù˘ Ù ¯Ò.ˆÛ ˘ Ò¯.Û˜

√«¡ Ò,ÒÒˆ ˜¯Ò ˜. Ûˆ˘ ÛÛ.ˆ

(6)

238

√Ÿª∑’Ë Û —¥ à«π¢Õß»‘…¬å‡°à“∑’ËªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π„π¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ Ò

¯

ˆ

Ù

Ú



√âÕ¬≈–

Ò Ú Û Ù ı ˆ ˜ ¯ ˘ Ò ÒÒ ÒÚ ÒÛ ÒÙ Òı Òˆ Ò˜ Ò¯ Ò˘ Ú ÚÒ ÚÚ

√ÿàπ∑’Ë√—∫‡¢â“

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ù ª√–‡¿∑ ∂“π∑’ËªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π¢Õß»‘…¬å‡°à“„π¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ

√æ./ ∂“πæ¬“∫“≈∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π™ÿ¡™π

√ÿàπ ªï∑’Ë√—∫‡¢â“ √æ¡. √æ». √æ.‡Õ°™π à«πµ—« Õ◊Ëπ Ê √«¡

√æ™. √æ∑. √æ√. √«¡

Ò ÚıÒˆ ˆ Ú Ú   Ú   Ò ÒÒ

Ú ÚıÒ˜ ı Ú Û Ù Ò ¯ Ò  Ú Ò¯

Û ÚıÒ¯ ¯ Û ı Ú  ˜ Ú  Ò ÚÒ

Ù ÚıÒ˘ ¯ Ù ˆ Û Ò Ò  Ò Ú Úı

ı ÚıÚ ˆ ı ı Ú  ˜ Û  Ò ÚÚ

ˆ ÚıÚÒ ˘ Ù Ú Ú  Ù  Ò Ú Ú

˜ ÚıÚÚ ı ˆ Ò Ò Ò ÒÚ Ò  Ú Úˆ

¯ ÚıÚÛ Ò ˜ ¯ ˘ Ò Ò¯ Ò  Ú Ú˘

˘ ÚıÚÙ Û ÒÚ ˆ ¯ Ò Òı  Ò Ò ÛÚ

Ò ÚıÚı ˘ Ò ˆ ˆ Ò ÒÛ ı  Ú Û˘

ÒÒ ÚıÚˆ ÒÙ ˘ ¯ ˜ Ò Òˆ ı Ò Ò Ùˆ

ÒÚ ÚıÚ˜ Òı Ò˜ Ù Ò  ÒÙ Ò  Ú Ù˘

ÒÛ ÚıÚ¯ ÒÙ Ú˘ ÒÒ Û  ÒÙ Ú  Û ˆÚ

ÒÙ ÚıÚ˘ ˘ ¯ ı Ò  Òı  Ò Ú Ûı

Òı ÚıÛ ˘ Ò ÒÒ ÒÛ Û Ú˜ ı Ò Ú ıÙ

Òˆ ÚıÛÒ Ò Ò Òı ¯ Ò ÚÙ   Ò Ùı

Ò˜ ÚıÛÚ ı ÒÒ Ò˘ Û Ú ÚÙ   Ò ÙÒ

Ò¯ ÚıÛÛ Û ¯ Ò˜ Ù Ò ÚÚ  Ò  ÛÙ

Ò˘ ÚıÛÙ Ù ˜ ˜ ÒÚ Ò Ú    ÛÒ

Ú ÚıÛı ¯ ÒÚ Òı Ò Ò Úˆ  Ò Ú Ù˘

ÚÒ ÚıÛˆ ˆ ÒÛ ÚÙ ¯ Ò ÛÛ    ıÚ

ÚÚ ÚıÛ˜ Ò Ò ÒÚ ˆ Ò Ò˘ Ò   Ù

√«¡ Òˆ˜ Ò˘˘ Ò˘Ú ÒÙ Ò¯ Ûı Ú˜ ¯ Û ˜¯Ò

√âÕ¬≈– ÚÒ.Û¯ Úı.Ù¯ ÚÙ.ı¯ Ò˜.˘Û Ú.Û ÙÙ.¯Ò Û.Ùˆ Ò.Ú Û.¯Ù Ò

√æ¡. À¡“¬∂÷ß ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈∑’Ë —ß°—¥¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ √æ». À¡“¬∂÷ß ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈»Ÿπ¬å √æ™. À¡“¬∂÷ß ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈™ÿ¡™π

√æ∑. À¡“¬∂÷ß ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈∑—Ë«‰ª √æ√. À¡“¬∂÷ß ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈æ√–¬ÿæ√“™

(7)

√âÕ¬≈– ˆ §◊Õ √ÿàπ∑’Ë Ú √âÕ¬≈– ıÙ.ıı, √ÿàπ∑’Ë ı √âÕ¬≈– ıÒ.Òˆ,

·≈–√ÿàπ∑’Ë ˆ √âÕ¬≈– Ù¯.˜¯ (¥—ßµ“√“ß∑’Ë Û ·≈–√Ÿª∑’Ë Û).

‡Àπ◊Õ

»‘…¬å‡°à“∑’Ë¬—ß§ßÕ¬ŸàªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π„π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°

™ÿ¡™π√âÕ¬≈– ÚÙ.ı¯, —ß°—¥‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈∑—Ë«‰ª √âÕ¬≈– Ò˜.˘Û, —ß°—¥‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈æ√–¬ÿæ√“™√âÕ¬≈– Ú.Û, —ß°—¥‚√ß æ¬“∫“≈‡Õ°™π √âÕ¬≈– Û.Ùˆ, ª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ à«πµ—«√âÕ¬≈–

Ò.Ú, ·≈–Õ◊Ëπ Ê Õ’°√âÕ¬≈– Û.¯Ù (¥—ßµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ù ·≈–√Ÿª

∑’Ë Ù).

‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈¢π“¥„À≠à (‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈»Ÿπ¬å) §‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÚ

·≈–‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π™ÿ¡™π (‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈™ÿ¡™π, ‚√ß æ¬“∫“≈∑—Ë«‰ª, ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈æ√–¬ÿæ√“™ ·≈–»Ÿπ¬åÕπ“¡—¬) §‘¥

‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– ˆ¯. ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫¢π“¥‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈∑’Ë»‘…¬å‡°à“

—ß°—¥æ∫«à“„°≈â‡§’¬ß°—π ‰¥â·°à ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈¢π“¥„À≠à §◊Õ‚√ß æ¬“∫“≈»Ÿπ¬å·≈–‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ √âÕ¬≈– ıÒ °—∫

‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π™ÿ¡™π §◊Õ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈™ÿ¡™π, ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈

∑—Ë«‰ª, ∂“πæ¬“∫“≈Õ◊Ëπ Ê √âÕ¬≈– Ù˘ (√Ÿª∑’Ë ı)

«‘®“√≥å

º≈º≈‘µ¢Õß§≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ „π

™à«ß ÚÚ ªïµ—Èß·µà°àÕµ—Èß‡ªìπ‰ªµ“¡ª≥‘∏“π¢Õß§≥–œ çº≈‘µ

∫—≥±‘µ “¢“·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ‚¥¬‡πâπ¥â“π‡«™ªØ‘∫—µ‘∑—Ë«‰ª·≈–

√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√§âπ§«â“ «‘®—¬ªí≠À“¥â“π ÿ¢¿“æé ·≈– Õ¥§≈âÕß

°—∫ª√—™≠“¢ÕßÀ≈—° Ÿµ√·æ∑¬»“ µ√∫—≥±‘µ∑—Èß Û À≈—° Ÿµ√

∑’Ë‡√‘Ë¡‡ªî¥ Õπµ—Èß·µà æ.». ÚıÒˆ ‡ªìπµâπ¡“, ´÷Ëß∑ÿ°À≈—° Ÿµ√

‡πâπ°“√º≈‘µ·æ∑¬å‡æ◊ËÕÕÕ°‰ª∑”ß“π„π™ÿ¡™π·≈–·°â‰¢

ªí≠À“ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢™ÿ¡™π‡ªìπÀ≈—°.

»÷°…“„π§≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ „π√–∫∫

√—∫µ√ß (‚§«µâ“) √âÕ¬≈– ˆ ·≈–§“¥°“√≥å«à“®–¡’»‘…¬å‡°à“

‰¡àπâÕ¬°«à“√âÕ¬≈– ˆ ¬—ß§ßÕ¬ŸàªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π‡æ◊ËÕ™“«™π∫∑.

®“°°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“°≈¬ÿ∑∏å¥—ß°≈à“«¡’º≈‚¥¬µ√ß∑”„Àâ»‘…¬å

√âÕ¬≈– ˜ ´÷Ëß Ÿß°«à“‡ªÑ“À¡“¬ √âÕ¬≈– Ò.

Û ¢≥–∑’ËÕ—µ√“°“√§ßÕ¬Ÿà„π°√ÿß‡∑æ¡À“π§√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈–

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù —¥ à«π¢Õß»‘…¬å‡°à“∑’ËªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“πµ“¡ ∂“πæ¬“∫“≈∑’Ë —ß°—¥

√Ÿª∑’Ë ı —¥ à«π¢Õß»‘…¬å‡°à“∑’Ë —ß°—¥√æ.°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‡ª√’¬∫

‡∑’¬∫√–À«à“ß√æ.¢π“¥„À≠à°—∫√æ.∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π™ÿ¡™π

√æ.∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π™ÿ¡™π (√æ™.,√æ∑.) Ù˘%

√æ.¢π“¥„À≠à (√æ». ·≈–√æ¡.) ıÒ%

√æ» ·≈–√æ¡ √æ.∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π™ÿ¡™π (√æ™., √æ∑.) Õ◊Ëπ Ê

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à«πµ—«

Ò%

√æ.‡Õ°™π Û%

√æ√.

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Úˆ%

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(8)

240 Ò.¯ı.

º≈º≈‘µ·æ∑¬å‚§√ß°“√º≈‘µ·æ∑¬å‡æ‘Ë¡‡æ◊ËÕ™“«™π∫∑

¢ Õ ß ° √ – ∑ √ « ß “ ∏ “ √ ≥ ÿ ¢ √à « ¡ °— ∫ § ≥ – · æ ∑ ¬ » “ µ √å

¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ‡°‘π‡ªÑ“À¡“¬∑’Ë«“ß‰«â√âÕ¬≈– Ú˘.ˆˆ

·≈–√âÕ¬≈– ÚÒ.ˆÛ.

Õ¬à“ß‰√°Áµ“¡ °“√ ”√«®¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„π§√—Èßπ’È ¡’¢âÕ®”°—¥¥â“π

—ß°—¥‡∑à“π—Èπ ·≈–§«√¡’°“√»÷°…“Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕßµàÕ‰ª √«¡∂÷ß

¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫Õ—µ√“°“√§ßÕ¬Ÿà¢Õß»‘…¬å‡°à“∑’Ë‡ªìπ§π„π

§π¿“§Õ◊Ëπ.

¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–

‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õß»‘…¬å‡°à“ ∑’Ë®∫°“√»÷°…“À≈—° Ÿµ√·æ∑¬»“ µ√∫—≥±‘µ

®“°§≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ·≈–ª√—∫∞“π

¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ∑ÿ°√–¬–¢Õß·ºπæ—≤π“§≥–œ Û-ı ªï.

Ú. §«√¡’°“√µ‘¥µ“¡»‘…¬å‡°à“∑’Ë‰¡à∑√“∫ —ß°—¥À√◊Õ¬â“¬∑’Ë Õ¬Ÿà ‡æ◊ËÕ§«“¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å¢Õß¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈.

Û. §«√¡’°“√»÷°…“ªí®®—¬∑’Ë∑”„Àâ»‘…¬å‡°à“·æ∑¬å®“°

§≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ¬—ß§ßÕ¬ŸàªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π

„π™ÿ¡™π.

Ù. §«√ π—∫ πÿπ·≈–®—¥µ—ÈßÀπà«¬ß“π∑”Àπâ“∑’Ëª√– “π ß“π√–À«à“ß»‘…¬å‡°à“°—∫§≥–œ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ‡°‘¥§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√

æ—≤π“§≥–œµàÕ‰ª.

°‘µµ‘°√√¡ª√–°“»

ß“π«‘®—¬π’È‰¥â√—∫∑ÿπ«‘®—¬®“°§≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“-

«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ‚§√ß°“√«‘®—¬¥â“π·æ∑¬»“ µ√»÷°…“

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß

Ò. °—≠≠“ ®‘√–√—µπ‚æ∏‘Ï™—¬. ªí®®—¬∑’Ë¡’º≈µàÕ°“√°√–®“¬∫—≥±‘µ·æ∑¬å

¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ. §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ;

ÚıÛı.

Ú. ∂“∫—π«‘®—¬√–∫∫ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢. °“√§“¥°“√≥å§«“¡µâÕß°“√°”≈—ß§π

¥â“π ÿ¢¿“æ„π Õß∑»«√√…Àπâ“. ππ∑∫ÿ√’ : ÚıÙ.

Û. Õ”æ≈ ®‘π¥“«—≤π–. º≈°√–∑∫¢Õß«‘°ƒµ‘‡»√…∞°‘®µàÕ°“√æ—≤π“

°”≈—ß§π¥â“π ÿ¢¿“æ. ππ∑∫ÿ√’ : ∂“∫—πæ√–∫√¡√“™™π°; ÚıÙÚ.

Ù. ·ºπ·¡à∫∑ ‚§√ß°“√º≈‘µ·æ∑¬å‡æ‘Ë¡‡æ◊ËÕ™“«™π∫∑ æ.». ÚıÙÚ- ÚııÛ; ÚıÙÚ.

ı. °ƒ…¥“ · «ß¥’. °“√„™â√–∫∫ “√ π‡∑»¿Ÿ¡‘»“ µ√å (GIS) „π°“√

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