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Abstract The Performance of Village Health Volunteers in the Midst of Change Eakpong Keyong*

*Khiri Mat Hospital, Sukhothai Province

The purposes of this review article were to determine situation changes affecting performance of village health volunteers. The data were collected by reviewing documents and related research and then synthesized data in accordance with the objectives. The results showed that from the past to the present, there are many changes, from policy, finance, social and information technology. These changes affected the performance of village health volunteers and community health. Managing community health prob- lem, governments could not manage alone. They needed participation of public sector, especially village health volunteers who were the mainspring of the public sector because they have lived in the community and known the background of their area, therefore, they have received the trust of the community. The recommendations concerning increasing operational effectiveness of the village health volunteers included the following: promoting income generation, strengthening information technology skills, and building up the coordinator or community mentoring role.

Keywords performance, village health volunteer, change

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§à“πÈ”¡—π ·≈–§à“‡∫’È¬‡≈’È¬ß®÷ß‰¡à “¡“√∂ÕÕ°π‘‡∑»‰¥â ·≈–°“√

π—∫ πÿπ‡Õ° “√§«“¡√Ÿâμà“ßÊ °Á¬—ß≈à“™â“ ‰¡à∑—Ë«∂÷ß ·≈–‰¡à¡’

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‡πâπ°“√°√–®“¬Õ”π“®®“°√—∞ Ÿàª√–™“™π ‚¥¬ π—∫ πÿπß∫

ª√–¡“≥ 7,500 ∫“∑μàÕÀ¡Ÿà∫â“πμàÕªï ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ·°ππ”À¡Ÿà∫â“π π”‰ª®—¥∑”·ºπ¿“√°‘®À≈—° Õ¬à“ß‰√°Áμ“¡ ®“°°“√μ‘¥μ“¡

·≈–ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°“√∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√ß∫ª√–¡“≥ æ∫«à“ ß∫

ª√–¡“≥ à«π„À≠à∂Ÿ°π”‰ª„™â„π·ºπ°‘®°√√¡°“√»÷°…“¥Ÿß“π

¢ÕßÕ“ “ ¡—§√√à«¡°—∫‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë ´◊ÈÕ¬“‰«â„π»Ÿπ¬å “∏“√≥ ÿ¢

¡Ÿ≈∞“π™ÿ¡™π‡°‘π§«“¡®”‡ªìπ ·≈–æ∫«à“ Õ ¡. ºà“π°“√

Õ∫√¡μ“¡À≈—° Ÿμ√∑’Ë ¡∫Ÿ√≥åπâÕ¬¡“°^(7,9)

®“°ªí≠À“¢â“ßμâπ∑”„ÀâμàÕ¡“„π™à«ß·ºπæ—≤π“°“√

“∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ©∫—∫∑’Ë 9 ®÷ß¡ÿàß‡πâπ°“√æ—≤π“‡ √‘¡ √â“ß™ÿ¡™π

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“∏“√≥ ÿ¢¡Ÿ≈∞“π¢Õß™ÿ¡™π ·μà‡°‘¥«‘°ƒμ‘¥â“π°“√‡¡◊Õß∑’Ë¡’

°“√·¢àß¢—π„π√–∫∫æ√√§°“√‡¡◊Õß Ÿß ®÷ß∑”„ÀâÕß§å°√Õ“ “ ¡—§√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ª√–®”À¡Ÿà∫â“π Õ“®®–∂Ÿ°¡ÕßÀ√◊Õμ°‡ªìπ

‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ¢Õßπ—°°“√‡¡◊Õß^(2,7) μàÕ¡“„π™à«ß¬ÿ§·ºπæ—≤π“

‡»√…∞°‘®·≈– —ß§¡·Ààß™“μ‘©∫—∫∑’Ë 10 ‰¥â¡ÿàß àß‡ √‘¡ Õ ¡.

‡™‘ß√ÿ° ‚¥¬‡√‘Ë¡¡’°“√‡∫‘°®à“¬§à“ π—∫ πÿπ°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π¢Õß Õ ¡. §π≈– 600 ∫“∑μàÕ‡¥◊Õπ ´÷Ëß‡ß‘π§à“ªÉ«¬°“√π’È‡ªìπ‡ß‘π Õÿ¥Àπÿπ‡©æ“–°‘®μ—Èß‰«â∑’ËÕß§å°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ‚¥¬¡’

°“√ √â“ß§«“¡‡¢â“„®·°àÀπà«¬ß“π∑’Ë‡°’Ë¬«¢âÕß«à“‰¡à„™à‡ß‘π‡¥◊Õπ À√◊Õ§à“μÕ∫·∑π°“√ªØ‘∫—μ‘ß“π ‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π°“√∑”≈“¬À≈—°

°“√¢Õß Õ ¡. ·≈–°“√‡°‘¥º≈‡ ’¬„π√–¬–¬“«^(10,11) ´÷Ëß°“√

(4)

‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß¥â“πß∫ª√–¡“≥¥—ß°≈à“« ¡’º≈∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥·√ß®Ÿß„®

„π°“√∑”ß“π¡“°¢÷Èπ ‡π◊ËÕß®“° Õ ¡. μâÕß¡’º≈ß“π®÷ß®–‰¥â√—∫

§à“ªÉ«¬°“√¥—ß°≈à“«

°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß¥â“π —ß§¡

„π™à«ß·ºπæ—≤π“°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢©∫—∫∑’Ë 7 æ∫°“√

‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß¥â“π —ß§¡ ∑’Ë‡ÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥‡®π„π√–¥—∫‚≈° ·≈–¡’

º≈°√–∑∫μàÕ«‘∂’™’«‘μ§π‰∑¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–√Ÿª·∫∫°“√‡®Á∫

ªÉ«¬^(9,12) ´÷Ëßæ∫«à“ ¡’Õÿ∫—μ‘°“√≥å¢Õß‚√§‰¡àμ‘¥μàÕ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ‡°‘¥

®“°ª√–™“™π¡’æƒμ‘°√√¡ ÿ¢¿“æ∑’Ë‰¡à‡À¡“– ¡ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡

·≈– ¿“æÕ“°“»∂Ÿ°∑”≈“¬ ‡°‘¥¡≈¿“«–∑’Ë àßº≈μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ

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∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥ªí≠À“ —ß§¡„π™π∫∑ ´÷Ëßæ∫«à“°≈ÿà¡ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ·≈–‡¥Á°

∂Ÿ°∑Õ¥∑‘Èß „π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—πªí≠À“ —ß§¡‡¡◊Õß°Á¡’§«“¡´—∫

´âÕπ·≈–¢¬“¬μ—«¡“°¢÷Èπ πÕ°®“°π’È°“√ªØ‘∫—μ‘ß“π¢Õß Õ ¡.

‰¡à‰¥â¡’·ºπªØ‘∫—μ‘√Õß√—∫Õ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π ∑”„Àâ Õ ¡. ∫“ß à«π

‰¡àªØ‘∫—μ‘ß“π Õ’°∑—Èß¬—ß¡’§«“¡√ŸâπâÕ¬·≈–¢“¥§«“¡¡—Ëπ„®„π

°“√ªØ‘∫—μ‘ß“π„π™ÿ¡™π^(12,14)

μ—Èß·μàªï æ.». 2549 æ∫«à“ Õ ¡. ¡’®”π«π‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®π„πªï æ.». 2558 ¡’®”π«π∂÷ß 1,047,800 §π^(2,14,15) (Figure 1) °“√

∑’Ë¡’ª√–™“™π¬—ß π„®‡¢â“¡“ ¡—§√‡ªìπ Õ ¡. –∑âÕπ„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ß

°“√‡ÀÁπ§«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õß ÿ¢¿“æ„π™ÿ¡™π¢Õßμπ ·≈–¬—ßæ∫«à“

„πÕπ“§μ Õ ¡. ®–¡’·π«‚πâ¡‡ªìπºŸâÀ≠‘ß¡“°¢÷Èπ ´÷Ëß®– àßº≈

μàÕß“π„π∫“ß≈—°…≥–ß“π∑’Ë Õ ¡. ‡æ»À≠‘ß∑”‰¥â¥’°«à“ ‚¥¬

‡©æ“–ß“π∑’ËμâÕßÕ“»—¬§«“¡≈–‡Õ’¬¥ÕàÕπ·≈–ª√–≥’μ ‡™àπ

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®“°Õÿ∫—μ‘‡Àμÿ„π‡¥Á°‡≈Á°⁽¹⁷⁾ °“√∑”ß“π¥â“π°“√¥Ÿ·≈ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’Ë μ‘¥‡μ’¬ß ·μàß“π∑’ËμâÕßÕ“»—¬æ≈–°”≈—ßÕ“®®–ªØ‘∫—μ‘ß“π‰¡à¥’‡∑à“

Õ ¡. ∑’Ë‡ªìπ‡æ»™“¬ πÕ°®“°π’È Õ ¡. ¡—°®– “¡“√∂ªØ‘∫—μ‘

ß“π„π°‘®°√√¡∑’Ë∑”‰¥â ”‡√Á®„π™à«ß√–¬–‡«≈“ —ÈπÊ ‡™àπ °“√

√≥√ß§åμ√«®≈Ÿ°πÈ”¬ÿß≈“¬ °“√„Àâ§«“¡√Ÿâ‡°’Ë¬«°—∫‚√§‡Õ¥ å·°à ª√–™“™π °“√ ”√«®¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈Õπ“¡—¬„πÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’¢âÕ

®”°—¥∑“ß¥â“π«—¬·≈–Õ“™’æ∑’ËμâÕß∑”ß“π‡æ◊ËÕÀ“‡≈’È¬ß§√Õ∫§√—«

®÷ß∑”„Àâ‰¡à “¡“√∂„Àâ Õ ¡. ∑”ß“π∑’Ë¡’§«“¡μàÕ‡π◊ËÕß‡ªìπ√–¬–

‡«≈“π“πÊ ‰¥â πÕ°®“°π’È¬—ßæ∫«à“ Õ ¡. à«π„À≠à®∫°“√

»÷°…“√–¥—∫ª√–∂¡®÷ß∑”„Àâ°“√ªØ‘∫—μ‘ß“π¢Õß Õ ¡. „π‡¢μ

‡¡◊Õß„À≠àÊ ‰¡à§àÕ¬ ”‡√Á®‡∑à“∑’Ë§«√ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°ª√–™“™π„π

‡¡◊Õß„À≠à∑’Ë¡’∞“π–·≈–°“√»÷°…“∑’Ë ŸßÊ ¡—°®–„Àâ§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ

·°à∫ÿ§≈“°√∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å¡“°°«à“^(2,14,15)

∑à“¡°≈“ß®”π«π Õ ¡. ∑’Ë‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èππ—Èπ ªí≠À“ ÿ¢¿“æ ¢Õß

§π‰∑¬°Á∑«’§«“¡√ÿπ·√ß¢÷Èπ ´÷Ëßæ∫«à“ “‡ÀμÿÀπ÷Ëß¢Õß°“√ Ÿ≠

‡ ’¬¥â“π ÿ¢¿“æ¡“®“°‚√§‰¡àμ‘¥μàÕ‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß´÷Ëß¡’·π«‚πâ¡‡æ‘Ë¡

Figure 1 The number of village health volunteers in Thailand from 2006 to 2015^(2,14,15)

(5)

¡“°¢÷Èπ‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‚√§‡∫“À«“π·≈–§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘μ Ÿß⁽¹⁸⁾ ®π‡ªìπªí≠À“∑“ß¥â“π ÿ¢¿“æ∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õßª√–‡∑»

πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß¡’°“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬∑’Ë‡°‘¥®“°æƒμ‘°√√¡‡ ’Ë¬ß∑“ß ÿ¢¿“æ

‚¥¬‡©æ“–®“°Õÿ∫—μ‘‡Àμÿ®√“®√∑’Ë‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ^(6,19) ªí≠À“®“°

¡≈¿“«– ªí≠À“°“√°√–®“¬√“¬‰¥â´÷Ëßπ”‰ª Ÿà°“√·ª≈°·¬°

∑“ß —ß§¡·≈–§«“¡‰¡à ß∫∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß ´÷Ëßªí≠À“‡À≈à“π’È

∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥º≈°√–∑∫μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ°“¬·≈–®‘μ„®^(2,14) πÕ°®“°π’È —ß§¡‰∑¬°”≈—ß°â“«‡¢â“ Ÿà —ß§¡ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’Ë¡’®”π«π‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°

¢÷È π⁽²⁰⁾ ´÷Ëß∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥§à“„™â®à“¬¥â“π∫√‘°“√ ÿ¢¿“æ∑’Ë Ÿß¢÷Èπ Õ¬à“ßÀ≈’°‡≈’Ë¬ß‰¡à‰¥â (§à“„™â®à“¬¥â“π ÿ¢¿“æ®– Ÿß„π™à«ß«—¬

·√°‡°‘¥ ®“°π—Èπ®–≈¥μË”∑’Ë ÿ¥„π™à«ß«—¬Àπÿà¡ “« ·≈–®–

°≈—∫ Ÿß¢÷ÈπÕ’°„π«—¬°≈“ß§π·≈– Ÿß∑’Ë ÿ¥„π™à«ß«—¬™√“) πÕ°®“°π’È®”π«π§πæ‘°“√¬—ß¡’·π«‚πâ¡‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ßμàÕ

‡π◊ËÕß⁽²¹⁾ ´÷Ëß®“°ªí≠À“μà“ßÊ ¥—ß°≈à“«¢â“ßμâπ Õ ¡. ®÷ßμâÕß‡¢â“

¡“¡’∫∑∫“∑ ”§—≠ „π°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡®—¥°“√ªí≠À“ ÿ¢¿“æ¢Õß

™ÿ¡™π„π¥â“πμà“ßÊ ¡“°¢÷Èπ

°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß¥â“π‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’·≈– “√ π‡∑»

∑à“¡°≈“ß§«“¡°â“«Àπâ“∑“ß‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å∑’Ë

‡μ‘∫‚μ¡“°¢÷Èπ‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê ∑”„Àâ —ß§¡‰∑¬¡’·π«‚πâ¡‡ªìπ —ß§¡ºŸâ Ÿß Õ“¬ÿ¡“°¢÷Èπ⁽²⁰⁾ àßº≈μàÕ√Ÿª·∫∫ªØ‘∫—μ‘ß“π¢Õß Õ ¡. ‚¥¬Õ“®

μâÕß„Àâ§«“¡ ”§—≠„π°≈ÿà¡ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ¡“°¢÷Èπ Õ¬à“ß‰√°Áμ“¡

·¡â«à“√–∫∫ “√ π‡∑»®–∑—π ¡—¬¡“°¢÷Èπ ·μàª√–‡∑»‰∑¬°Á¬—ß

§ßª√– ∫ªí≠À“∑“ß¥â“π°“√®—¥°“√¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ “√ π‡∑» ´÷Ëß ªí≠À“∑’Ë ”§—≠‰¥â·°à °≈‰°‡™‘ßπ‚¬∫“¬·≈–∑√—æ¬“°√‡æ◊ËÕ π—∫ πÿπ°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π¬—ß‰¡à‡æ’¬ßæÕ·≈–¢“¥§«“¡μàÕ‡π◊ËÕß

√–∫∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√∑“ß¥â“π ÿ¢¿“æ¢“¥§ÿ≥¿“æ ‰¡à§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡

¡’§«“¡´È”´âÕπ ¢“¥°√–∫«π°“√μ√«® Õ∫§ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õß¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈

¢“¥√–∫∫®—¥°“√¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ë¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈ ‡°‘¥ªí≠À“°“√‡¢â“∂÷ß

¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·≈–°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ´÷Ëß‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°°“√¢“¥

§«“¡√Ÿâ ¢“¥∑—°…– ·≈–‰¡à‡¢â“„®«‘∏’°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈

¢à“« “√∑’Ë®–™à«¬„π°“√μ—¥ ‘π„® ªí≠À“¢â“ßμâπ¬—ß§ß‡ªìπ ªí≠À“μ—Èß·μà√–¥—∫°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‰ª®π∂÷ß√–¥—∫¢Õß Õ ¡.

´÷Ëß àßº≈°√–∑∫μàÕª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈°“√ªØ‘∫—μ‘ß“π¢Õß Õ ¡.⁽⁶⁾ Õ¬à“ß‰√°Áμ“¡®“°°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß¥â“π‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ “√ π‡∑»

¥—ß°≈à“«∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥ ◊ËÕ§«“¡√Ÿâμà“ßÊ ¡“°¢÷Èπ Õ ¡. “¡“√∂‡¢â“

∂÷ß¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‰¥âßà“¬·≈–√«¥‡√Á«¡“°¢÷Èπ ·≈–‡°‘¥°“√ª√– “πß“π∑’Ë ßà“¬·≈– –¥«°√«¥‡√Á«¡“°¢÷Èπ ´÷Ëß∑”„Àâ°“√ªØ‘∫—μ‘ß“π¡’

ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¡“°¢÷Èπ°«à“„πÕ¥’μ

®“°°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß„π¡‘μ‘μà“ßÊ ¥—ß°≈à“«¢â“ßμâπ àßº≈

„Àâª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈¢Õß°“√ªØ‘∫—μ‘ß“π¢Õß Õ ¡. ¥’¢÷Èπμ“¡≈”¥—∫

´÷Ëß “¡“√∂ —ß‡°μ‰¥â®“°º≈°“√ª√–‡¡‘πÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π®—¥°“√ ÿ¢¿“æ

‚¥¬¡’√âÕ¬≈–¢ÕßÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π∑’Ëºà“π‡°≥±åÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π®—¥°“√ ÿ¢¿“æ

‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπμ“¡≈”¥—∫®“°Õ¥’μ∂÷ßªí®®ÿ∫—π^(22-25) (Figure 2)

Figure 2 Percentage of villages that passed the criteria of village health management in Thailand from 2013 to 2016^(22-25)

73.98 79.3 84.55

99.51

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

???? ???? ???? ????

Percentage of villages that passed the criteria of village health management

2013 2014 2015 2016

(6)

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¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–

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‡™àπ °“√®—¥μ—Èß™¡√¡ª≈Ÿ°º—°ª≈Õ¥ “√æ‘…‡æ◊ËÕ ÿ¢¿“æ À√◊Õ

°“√®—¥μ—Èß À°√≥å¢“¬ ‘π§â“À—μ∂°√√¡®“°ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ´÷Ëß πÕ°®“°®–‡ªìπ°“√ àß‡ √‘¡„ÀâºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ„™â‡«≈“«à“ß„Àâ‡ªìπ ª√–‚¬™πå ·≈â«¬—ß™à«¬√—°…“√–¥—∫ ÿ¢¿“æ®‘μºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ„Àâ‡ªìπª°μ‘

‰¡à√Ÿâ ÷°«à“∂Ÿ°∑Õ¥∑‘Èß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰¥âæ∫ª–æŸ¥§ÿ¬°—∫ Õ ¡. ·≈–

°—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ¥â«¬°—π‡Õß Õ’°∑—Èß¬—ß‡ªìπ°“√ √â“ß√“¬‰¥â∑“ßÕâÕ¡

„Àâ°—∫ Õ ¡. Õ’°¥â«¬ ´÷Ëß°“√‰¥â√—∫°“√Ωñ°æ—≤π“Õ“™’æ‡ √‘¡

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à«πμ—«·≈–§√Õ∫§√—«‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ‡°‘¥§«“¡¿“§¿Ÿ¡‘„®„π°“√‡ªìπ Õ ¡. ·≈–‡°‘¥·√ß®Ÿß„®„π°“√∑”ß“π^(29-31)

2. æ—≤π“∑—°…–°“√„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ “√ π‡∑»¢Õß Õ ¡.

„Àâ‡∑à“∑—πμàÕ°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß §«“¡°â“«Àπâ“¢Õß«‘∑¬“°“√„π ªí®®ÿ∫—π„Àâ¡“°¢÷Èπ ·≈–¿“§√—∞§«√æ—≤π“√Ÿª·∫∫¢Õß

‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ “√ π‡∑»∑’Ë Õ ¡. “¡“√∂∑”§«“¡‡¢â“„®·≈–

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·μà„Àâª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈ Ÿß

3. ª√—∫∫∑∫“∑ Õ ¡. ‚¥¬‡πâπ°“√‡ªìπºŸâª√– “πß“π À√◊Õæ’Ë‡≈’È¬ß„Àâ·°à™ÿ¡™π„Àâ¡“°¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬‡πâπ°√–∫«π°“√ √â“ß

‡ √‘¡æ≈—ß (empowerment) ·≈–π”μâπ∑ÿπÀ√◊Õ√“°∞“π∑’Ë¡’

Õ¬Ÿà„π™ÿ¡™π¡“ π—∫ πÿπ°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ¥â“πß∫

ª√–¡“≥ «— ¥ÿ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ √«¡∂÷ß¿Ÿ¡‘ªí≠≠“∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ^(30,32-34) 4. „π·μà≈–æ◊Èπ∑’Ë§«√¡’°“√æ—≤π“√–∫∫°“√Õ∫√¡ ‚¥¬¡ÿàß

„Àâ Õ ¡. ¡’ ¡√√∂π–∑’Ë Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫∫√‘∫∑¢Õßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë ‚¥¬π”

¡“μ√∞“π°≈“ß¡“ª√—∫ª√–¬ÿ°μå„™âμ“¡§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡¢Õß

∫√‘∫∑À√◊Õ«—≤π∏√√¡„π·μà≈–æ◊Èπ∑’Ë ∑—Èßπ’È „π°“√æ—≤π“

À≈—° Ÿμ√π—Èπ ®–μâÕß· «ßÀ“°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡®“°¿“§ à«π∑’Ë

‡°’Ë¬«¢âÕß¥â«¬ ‡™àπ Õß§å°“√∫√‘À“√ à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ Õß§å°√æ—≤π“

™ÿ¡™π ‡∑»∫“≈ ‡ªìπμâπ ·≈–À≈—ß®“°°“√Õ∫√¡‰ª·≈â«§«√¡’

°“√μ‘¥μ“¡·≈–°√–μÿâπæƒμ‘°√√¡¢Õß Õ ¡. ‡ªìπ√–¬–Ê ‡æ◊ËÕ

„Àâ‡°‘¥§«“¡¬—Ëß¬◊π„π°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õßæƒμ‘°√√¡∑’Ëæ÷ß ª√– ß§å¢Õß Õ ¡.^(35-38)

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß

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