DAU LA KHU VUC TRONG DIEM CHIEN LlTOC CUA MY DirOfI THOI TONG THONG BA-RAC 0-BA-MA ?
NGUYEN NHAM*
li. 1HANH"
r
ai Id nham chdc ngay 20/1/2009, Tdng thd'ng Ba-rdc 6-ba-ma tuyen bd: "Thdng diep chung tdi dang gui di khdp the gidi la nudc My se tiep tuc cudc dau tranh chdng bao lyc va chu nghia khung bd".Bd trudng Qud'c phdng Rd-bot-Ghet trong dieu trdn trudc Uy ban Quan lyc Thugng vien va Ha vien My ngdy 27/1/2009 cung khdng dinh: My dang phdi dd'i mat vdi nhieu thdch thdc nhu hai cudc chien tai l-rdc va Ap-ga-ni-xtan; vdn dd Bde Trieu Tien, 1-ran;
van de phd bien vd khi huy diet, qudn ly kho vu khi hat nhan, bao ve vd tru, mang thdng tin, mua sdm qud'c phdng vd md'i quan ngai vd Nga, Trung Qud'c... Tuy nhien, cdc khu vuc trgng diem chien luge, trong chien luge qud'c phdng mdi cua My dudi thdi Tdng thdng Ba-rdc O-ba-ma cdng da dugc dinh hinh:
1. Chau A - Thai Binh Duong
Ke tu sau khi Chien tranh Lanh ket thuc.
My xac dinh khu vuc Chau A -Thai Binh Duong cd tdm quan trgng sd'ng cdn ddi vdi an ninh va lgi ich cua My, tdng budc chuyen trgng tam chien luge td Chau Au sang Chau A -Thai Binh Duong. Muc tieu la thiet lap vai trd lanh dao khu vyc, dam bao an ninh vd md rdng lgi ich cua My, tang cudng kha nang
Nhii nghien ciJu Chien luge quoc phong
kiem che cdc ddi thii tiem tang, trudc het la Trung Qud'c vd Nga, chuyen hod de dua cac nudc vdo quy dao cua My. Hien nay, Chinh quyen My lo ldng trudc sde manh vd anh hudng dang ngdy cang gia tang cua Trung Qud'c, ke ca kinh te va quan sy.
De dd'i phd vdi nguy co dang gia tang d khu vuc nay, My dang tap trung vdo cdc bien phap chien luge nhu: Tang cudng sue manh quan su cua My va ddng minh xung quanh Trung Qud'c vd Nga, trong dd chu trgng cung cd he thd'ng phdng thu ten lua d khu vyc; ciing cd quan he quan sy vdi ddng minh va cac nudc;
phdi hgp chie'n luge vdi cac nudc de tao the ddi trgng, kiem che; day manh chinh sdch can du vao ndi tinh cdc nudc. My xac dinh Lien minh My - Nhat la yeu td quan trgng trong chinh sdch kiem che ran de Trung Qud'c. My day nhanh tien do bd tri he thd'ng phdng thu ten lua PC-3 tai Nhat, thuc day "Quan he ddi tdc toan cau" gida NATO vdi Nhat. Tai didn ddn Dd'i thoai Shang-ri La/Xin-ga-po (5/2008), Bd trudng Qud'c phdng My Ghet da nha'n manh: "My se cung vdi Nhat Ban tang cudng sde manh quan sy mdi nhdm kiem sodt cac tinh hudng bat ngd xay ra tai khu vuc Tay Thai Binh Duong va cung cdc nudc trong khu vuc tang cudng hgp tdc trong ITnh vuc an ninh hang hai, chdng cudp bien va phd bien vu khi hat nhan". My dang tang
18 NGHIEN cdu DONG BfiC fi, SO 8(102) 8-2009
Nghien ciiu khoa hoc
cudng mdi quan he song phuang vdi Nhat va 0-xtray-li-a thdng qua ca che ddi thoai dinh ky "2-1-2"; thuc day xay dyng "Lien minh My - Nhat - Uc"; thiet lap "Co che ddi thoai chie'n luge bd'n ben" (My - Nhat - 6-xtray-li- a - An Dd). Tai cugc hgi dam 3 ben cap Ngoai trudng Nhat - My - 6-xtray-li-a (27/6/2008), ba ben cam ket hgp tdc chat che trong viec duy tri hod binh, dn dinh, an ninh va thinh vugng d Chau A -Thai Binh Duong;
tang cudng hgp tac trong ITnh vyc qudc phdng, ddi phd vdi tinh trang khan cap, chdng khung bd, ciru trg nhan dao, khdc phuc thien tai va cac cudc didn tap trong khudn khd "Sdng kien an ninh chdng phd bien vu khi huy diet hang loat". Trong chuyen tham My cua Tdng thdng Han Qudc Ly Mieng Pdc (4/2008), Tdng thd'ng My Bu- so tuyen bd phdt trien quan he My - Han len cap "ddng minh chien luge trong the ky XXI", nang dia vi ciia Han Qud'c len ngang bdng vdi Nhat Ban va cdc nudc thdnh vien NATO trong chuang trinh ban trang thiet bi quan su cho nudc ngoai cua My va dua ra Id trinh 3 budc khdi phuc lien minh quan sy My - Nhat - Han.
My tiep tuc tang cudng sde manh quan su tai khu vyc: Duy tri lyc lugng khoang
100.000 quan d Ddng Bde A, cung cd vd md rdng he thdng can cd vanh dai Thdi Binh Duang, tien hanh cdi tao de bien Gu-am thanh mdt can cd quan su quan trgng hdng ddu trong khu vuc. My tiep tuc ciing cd He thd'ng NMD d A-la-xea; phd'i hgp vdi Nhat Ban thiet lap He thd'ng phdng thu ten lua chien trudng (TMD); tiep tuc bdn vu khi hien dai cho Dai Loan, md rdng hgp tdc quan sy
vdi cac nudc trong khu vuc. Tai didn dan Ddi thoai Shangri-La/Xin-ga-po, Phd Tdng tham muu trudng Quan dgi Trung Qudc da de cap ba luc lugng dang dat ra cdc mdi de doa Trung Qud'c gdm: (1) Su md rdng cac lien minh quan sy; (2) Sy phdt trien cac he thdng phdng thil ten liia; va (3) Vd khi hod khdng gian. Theo Tap chi "Van trich Trung Qud'c" sd thang 2/2009, viec Chinh quyen O-ba-ma tang quan d khu vuc xung quanh Trung Qud'c se tao ra nhdng thach thdc mdi ddi vdi an ninh cua nudc nay. Thang 1/2009, khdng quan My da dua 24 chide may bay chie'n da'u tang hinh F- 22 de'n ddng d khu vyc Tay Thai Binh Duong, trong dd 12 chide dugc dua td can cd Galena mien Ddng nudc My de'n bd tri d can cd khdng quan Zama d 0-ki-na-oa Nhat Ban, 12 chide dugc dua td can cd d A-la-xca de'n bd tri d Gu- am. Theo Trung Qudc, can cd Zama la chudi dao thd nhai d vi tri tien duyen gdn nhat ma quan dgi My khd'ng che Trung Qudc, cdch Ddng Hai vd phia tay khdng xa; cdn Gu-am thudc chudi dao thd hai md quan ddi My khd'ng che Trung Qud'c, each chudi dao thd nhai khoang 2.000 km. De doa ldn nhat cua may bay F-22 chu yeu la tang hinh (cd the tranh dugc sy theo ddi cua ra-da phdng khdng cua ddi phuong), trien khai tdc chien tap kich bat ngd, khdng chie'n d cu ly khdng nhin thay (du luc lugng phdng khdng cua ddi phuang phdng ten lua dat ddi khdng dieu khidn bdng hdng ngoai cung khdng truy tim dugc F-22) va cdng kich cac muc tieu mat dat tren qui md ldn. F-22 cdn cd khd nang thu thap tinh bdo tin hieu rada manh, dugc trang bi he thdng trinh sat rat tien tien, tien hanh trinh sat thu thap tin hieu dien tii dugc phdt ra tu tau chien va may
NGHIEN C(JfU DONG BfiC fi, SO 8(102) 8-2009 19
Nghien ciiu khoa hpc
bay chien ddu cua Trung Qud'c hoat ddng d khu vyc xung quanh. Nam 2009, quan ddi My se xay dung, md rdng mang ludi tinh bdo tren khdng d Ap-ga-ni-xtan, bd tri nhidu mdy bay trinh sat cd vd khdng ngudi ldi, tao ra sy thdch thdc rdt ldn vd an ninh tren khdng d mien tay Trung Qud'c.
2. Dong Nam A
Ddng Nam A Id mgt trgng tam trong chie'n luge qud'c phdng cua My tai khu vyc chau A - Thdi Binh Duong. Dai sd My tai Thdi Lan E-rich Gidn cho biei: "Chien luge cua My ddi vdi khu vyc Ddng Nam A ca ban khdng thay ddi. My vdn tie'p tuc thyc hien cdc chien luge da dd ra nhdm duy tri va bao ve vi the sieu cudng sd mgt tai khu vuc chau A - Thai Binh Duong va Ddng Nam A nhu:
Chien luge ngan chan va bao vay Trung Qud'c; Chien luge hgp tdc chdng khing bd qud'c te... Day la phuang phdp bao ve quyen lgi cia My vd lau dai". De duy tri sic manh cia My tai khu vuc, kidm che "sic manh mdm" dang gia tang cua Trung Qudc tai Ddng Nam A, My tiep tuc tang cudng anh hudng d Ddng Nam A thdng qua hop tac an ninh chdng khung bd, quan su va kinh td...
Quan he quan sy cua My vdi cac nudc ddng minh nhu Xin-ga-po, Thdi Lan, In-dd-ne-xi- a. Phi-lip-pin... se dugc coi trgng han.
Thai Lan dugc xdc dinh la "ddng minh quan trgng ngoai NATO" va "ddng minh manh me trong cudc chien chdng khung bd"
cia My. Phat bieu tai budi Id khai mac Didn tap Cobra Gold 2009 tai Thai Lan ngay 27/1/2009, Phd doan Ngoai giao My tai nudc nay Giem F.En-tuyt-la khang dinh: "Cudc didn tap Cobra Gold nay cd y nghia quan
trgng trong quan he My - Thai, khi ma trong tuang lai quan he hgp tdc quan sy My - Thai se cdn la tru cdt cua md'i quan he gida hai nudc ddng minh ching ta. Nd la budc chudn bi tdt cho cac sd menh td cdu trg tham hoa thien tai tdi kha nang chien tranh trong thuc te-".
Quan he My - In-dd-ne-xi-a se dugc tiep tuc eing CO, nhai la tren ITnh vyc qudc phdng - an ninh. Trong bai phdt bieu trudc Qudc hdi My, Ngoai trudng Hi-la-ri cho biei se thic giyc In-dd-ne-xi-a tai khdi ddng Du an
"Lye lugng gin gid hod binh" c i a nudc nay bi gidn doan td thap nien 60 cua the ky trudc.
Theo du luan Trung Qud'c, tan Ngoai trudng My tdi tham In-dd-ne-xi-a nhdm hai muc dich: Miyt Id, de the hien thien chi ddi vdi the gidi Hdi gido; Hai Id, chuan bi cho chuyen cdng du cua Tdng thdng 6-ba-ma tdi nudc nay cd the se dugc thuc hien trong nam 2009.
My khang dinh Phi-lip-pin la "ddng minh than can" cua My. Theo Dd ddc Kit-tinh, Tu lenh Thdi Binh Duong cia My (16/12/2008), Bd Tu lenh Thai Binh Duong da trien khai hon 600 quan va mdt sd lyc luong biet kich tai Phi-lip-pin de hd trg cac hoat ddng huan luyen va chien da'u cua Quan ddi Phi-lip-pin chdng cdc to chic ly khai, khing bd, chu yeu la luc lugng c i a A-bu Say-ap, cdc nhdm Jemaah Ixlamiyah. My dang xay dyng mgt sd ket cau quan su d Phi-lip-pin, xay dung tram ve tinh mdi d 6-xtray-li-a, thic day xay dung "Trung tam Huan luyen lyc lugng gin gid hoa binh" c i a My tai Cam-pu-chia.
3. Trung Dong md rong
20 NGHIEN C(JfU DONG BfiC fi, SO 8(102) 8-2009
Nghien citu khoa hoc
Muc tieu chie'n luge xuyen sudt cua My tai khu vyc Trung Ddng la eing cd vai trd lanh dao cua My tai khu vyc, kiem sodt ngudn nang lugng cua cac nudc nay de ndm yet hdu kinh te toan the gidi, tang eudng vi the dia chinh tri va dia quan sy de kiem che cac ddi thu tidm tdng. Sau khi tao cd gay chien tranh lat dd ehe do Xat-dam Hut-sen (2003), My da dung len che do than My d I- rdc va toan tinh xay dyng he thd'ng can c i quan su manh d nudc nay lam ban dap de khuat phuc 1-ran, Xi-ry, Li-bang va cdc lyc lugng chdng My khac. Tuy nhien, ke td sau cudc chien l-rdc den nay. My da lam vao tinh the het sde khd khan d Trung Ddng.
Mdi day, Dd dd'e Mu-len, Chi tich Hdi ddng Tham muu trudng lien quan da dua ra khai niem "Trung Ddng md rdng", thyc chat vdn la chien luge "Dai Trung Ddng" cua Tdng thdng Bu-so (vd mat dia ly, khu vuc nay keo dai td Bde Phi tdi Nam A giap Trung Qud'c). Theo chien luge nay, khu vuc Trung Ddng, Nam A va Trung A da hinh thanh mdt dai dia chinh tri cia ehi nghia cue doan bao luc. Khu vyc nay da vugt qua cdc vung dia ly dugc phan dinh rd rang lau nay cia Trung Ddng, gdp them bd'n qud'c gia thudc Lien dodn Ma-grep A-rap (An-gie-ri, Li-bi, Ma- rdc va Tuy-ni-di), Y-e-men vd vung Sdng chau Phi. Ngoai ra, xet den tac dgng cia Ap- ga-ni-xtan va Pa-ki-xtan ddi vdi su dn dinh trong khu vuc, vung "Trung Ddng md rdng"
phdi la mdt bd phan quan trgng trong chien luge quan sy todn dien cua quan ddi My.
Ong Mu-len khdng dinh, cdc chien dich quan su tai l-rdc va Ap-ga-ni-xtan se vdn tiep tuc la uu tien trudc mdt. My phdi lam tat ca
nhdng gi cd the de gianh dugc chien thdng trong hai cudc chie'n tranh nay. Chinh quyen O-ba-ma da sdm xdc dinh 4 nhiem vu uu tien, dd la l-rdc, I-ran, Ap-ga-ni-xtan va 1- xra-en.
Doi v&i I-rdc: Ngay 1/2/2009, Tdng thd'ng Q-ba-ma tuyen bd, phdn ldn trong so 140.000 binh sy My tai l-rdc se rut khdi nudc nay trong vdng mdt nam tdi. Quan ddi My dang chuyen ddn td tham chien true tie'p sang vai trd hd trg, thyc hien huan luyen cho cdc luc lugng an ninh l-rdc, ddng thdi chuyen giao dan trdch nhiem cho luc lugng nay. My quyet dinh bdn cho l-rdc Id vd khi tri gid tren lOty USD.
Dot vdi I-ran: Trong nhdng nam qua. My dp dung manh me cdc bien phap ehd'ng I-ran, nhu cd lap ngoai giao, cam van kinh te, uy hiep vd ran de tien cdng quan su, nhdm budc 1-ran chdp nhan cac yeu sdch cua My, trong dd cd van dd hat nhan cia nudc nay. Sau khi triing cu Tdng thdng, dng 6-ba-ma tuyen bd se ap dung cdch tiep can mdi trong van de I- ran theo hudng mem deo, linh hoat, ke ca dd'i thoai true tie'p, nhung kien quyet khdng de cho I-ran cd dugc vu khi hat nhan. Tuy nhien, tan Ngoai trudng My Hi-la-ri Clin-ton khdng dinh se vdn duy tri mgi lua chgn ve cdch ddi phd vdi I-ran, ke cd bien phdp quan sy, de ngan ehinh quydn nudc nay tim each sd huu vu khi hat nhan.
Dot v&i Ap-ga-ni-xtan: Tdng thdng 6-ba- ma xac dinh, Ap-ga-ni-xtan se la mat tran chu ye'u ehd'ng khing bd cua quan ddi My thdi gian tdi. 6-ba-ma cho biet, sau cdc cudc trao ddi y kie'n vdi cdc tham muu trudng va cdc tu lenh chien trudng, Chinh phi My sdp
NGHIEN C(]ru DONG BfiC fi, SO 8(102) 8-2009 21
Nghien cixu khoa hpc
cdng bd mdt cdch nghiem tic cdc du dinh mdi tai Ap-ga-ni-xtan, trong dd cd kd hoach dua them khoang 36.000 binh si tdi Ap-ga- ni-xtan trong vdng 18 thang tdi, nang tdng so quan My tai nudc nay len hon 60.000 binh sT. Tham chi, 6-ba-ma cdn tuyen bd sdn sang danh bom vao lanh thd Pa-ki-xtan ndu phdt hien cd su dn ndu cua An ke-da vd Ta-li-ban tai nudc nay. Theo Bd trudng Qud'c phdng Ghei, My dang xem xet trien khai mgt chien luge mdi mang ten "Cdch tiep can hod binh"
d 50 huyen cia Ap-ga-ni-xtan dang cd nguy CO bi rai vdo tay phien quan Ta-li-ban.
Doi voi I-xra-en: Chinh quydn 6-ba-ma khdng dinh lai viee eung cd quan he ddng minh chien luge vdi 1-xra-en. My dang thuc day manh quan he quan su vdi 1-xra-en: My va I-xra-en ky thda thuan (18/8/2008) cho phep My trien khai he thd'ng ra-da canh bdo sdm cd khd nang phat hien cdc ddu dan ten lua dan dao tai I-xra-en; Chinh phi My (30/9/2008) da phe chuan hgp ddng bdn 25 mdy bay chie'n da'u da nang F-35 cat, ha cdnh thudng cho I-xra-en trong nam 2008, cam ket bdn cho nudc nay 50 chide F-35 cat va ha canh thdng ddng trong nhdng nam sau, theo hgp ddng tri gid 15,2 ty USD.
Tom lai, Tdng thd'ng Ba-rdc 6-ba-ma se s i dung mgi cdng cu sde manh, trudc hdt la sue manh quan su de bao ve nude My va tiep tuc eing cd vai trd ba chu the gidi cua My vdi ba khu vyc trgng diem chien luge la Chau A - Thai Binh Dugng, Ddng Nam A va Trung Ddng md rdng. Chinh sach qud'c phdng - an ninh cua Chinh quydn mdi vdn tiep tuc tac ddng tieu cue den mdi trudng hod
binh va an ninh the gidi. Quan diem cia cac gidi chic My cho rdng "sic manh quan doi se vdn la mdt trong cdc phuang thic co ban de dat dugc cdc muc tieu chinh tri cua qud'c gia" dudng nhu da dinh sdn mdt khd nang chdc chdn la xung dot quan su gida My vdi cdc nudc se xay ra. Chie'n su d Trung Ddng, Trung A nhdng ngay dau nam 2009 Id sit canh bao ddi vdi Chinh quydn 6-ba-ma ve trien vgng mdt thdi ky sdng gid mdi trong thyc thi chinh sach ddi ngoai quan su cua My./.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 - Phat bieu cua Tdng thdng My O-ba-ma tai ll nham chdc ngay 20/1/2009.
2- Phat bieu cua Tdng thdng My O-ba-ma tai cuoc gap cac quan chuc bo Quo'c phong My ngay 22/1/2009.
3- Dieu tran trudc Qudc hoi cua Ngoai trucmg My Hi-la-ri Clin-tan 1/2009.
4- "Chie'n luge Qudc phong My", thang 10/2008.
5- "Cuong ITnh tranh cu cua dang Dan chii My", nam 2008.
6- Tai lieu tham khao dac biet cua TTXVN 2/2009.
22 NGHIEN C(]ru DONG BfiC fi, SO 8(102) 8-2009
