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Khoa hpc Ki? thu^t v6 Cong ngh$IJ^ng dung mo hlnh mo phonp de nghien cufu danh gia trang thai hoat dong cua difdng ong van chuyen dau d Lien doanh Viet - Nga Vietsovpetro
Nguyin Hoai Vu', T6ng Canh Son, Phgm Th^nh Vinh, Phan Due Tuan Lien doanh Viel - Nga Vietsovpetro
Ngay nh^n bai 7.12.2015, ngay chuyln phan bien 11.12.2015, ngSy nhan phan bi?n 19.1.2016, ngay chSp nhan dang 25.1.2016
Qua trmh van chuyen dau khi bang d i r ^ g ong ngam diroi day bien luon kem theo cac kho khan, phiic t^p trong qu^ trinh van hanh, nhir mirc do ldng dgng paraffin, sir phan bo cua dong chat long va khi trong qua trinh chuyen d§ng bgn trong dirong ong, dac biet la van de nhiet, thuy dong luc hge dirong ong... Danh gia chinh xac anh h i r ^ g cua cac yeu to nay trong qua trinh van hanh se cho phep dua ra cac giai phap v4n hanh an toan dirong 6ng. C^c irng dung mo hinh m6 phong da dugc cac nha nghiin ciru dau khi tren the gioi su* dung rong rai de danh gia trang thai boat dgng cua cac tuyen ducmg ong van chuyen dau khi, dac bi^t doi vfii cac diromg ong lap dat ngdm ngoai khofi. Bai bao nay trinb bay mpt s6 ket qua nghien eihi trong ap dyng phan mem mo phong OLGA de danh gia hoat dgng cua eae dirfrng ong ngam van chuyen dau nhi^u parafBn tai cac mo Bach H6 va Rong o Lien doanh Viet - Nga Vietsovpetro.
Tir khoa: mo hinh, mo phdng, van chuyen ddu nhieu paraffin.
Chi so phan loai 2.7
Using simulation models for assessing the condition of paraffmic oil transportation pipeline at Joint Venture Vietsovpetro
Summary
Transportation of oil and gas by subsea pipeline always faces many chaUenges, including: wax deposition, high viscosity of oil, distribution of gas and liquid in flow, specially high pressure, and thermal losses... Accurate assessment of these factors in the process of oU and gas transportation is critical for operating pipeline safely. Simulation models are widely used for pipeline operation assessment. In this article, the authors focus on experiments using OLGA simulation model for assessing the condition of paraffinic oil transportation pipeline in Bach Ho and Rong oil fields at Joint Venture Vietsovpetro.
Keywords: model, parajfinic oil transportation, simulation.
Classification number 2.7
Dat van d§
Thu gom, xu ly va van chuyen san pham dau tho la mot mat xich quan trong trong toan bg qua trinh khai thac dau o cac mo dau khi tren the gidi. Van chuyen dau co ham lugfng paraflfin cao bang duong ong ngam ngoai khoi tren mot quang duong dai voi luu Iugng luon thay doi a nhiet do moi tnrang thap ban nhiet dp dong dac ciia dau la mot thach thirc lon doi voi cac cong ty khai thac dau khi [1].
Cong tac nghien cuu miic do lang dpng, su phan bo cita dong chat long va khi trong qua trinh chuyen dpng ben trong dutmg ong, dac biet la van de nhiet, thuy dpng luc hpc ducmg ong la ca sd de co the de ra cac giai phap cong nghe phii hop giai quyet cac khd khan, phuc tap trong qua triiJi van hanh dudng dng.
Cdng tac nghien cuu trong van chuyen dau thd d Viet Nam mdi chi that su bat dau trien khai sau nam 1986, sau khi Viet Nam bat dau khai thac tan dau thd dau tien tai Vietsovpetro d them luc dja phia Nam. Trai qua gan 30 nam phat trien, Vietsovpetro da van hanh an toan he thong thu gom, xic ly va van chuyen dau tren cac md dau ciia minh qua he thdng dudng dng ngam dudi bien. Mpt trong nhimg CO so de giup cho Vietsovpetro dam bao thanh cdng neu tren la viec Orng dung md hinh md phdng da
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Khoa htpc Ky tJiugt \ ^ Cong ngh0
dupc cac nha nghien ciiu dSu khi tren the gidi sir dung rpng rai de danh gia trang thai boat dpng ciia cac tuyen dudng dng van chuySn dku khi, dac biet ddi vdi cac dudng dng ISp dat ng^m ngoai khoi, tir do de ra cac bien phap xii ly, van chuySn d5u khac nhau d cac giai doan va dieu kien mo khac nhau.
Not dung nghien cvu
Hien nay, cac phan m€m dupc phat trien cho phep md phdng cac qua trinh van chuyen dSu khi bang dudng dng, bao gdm: OLGA, PIPESIM, HYSYS..., h-ong dd, phan m6m OLGA dupc sir dung rpng rai vi cd nhimg tinh nang vupt trdi so vdi cac phan mem thuong mai khac. Phkn mem nay cho phep danh gia kha chinh xac kha nang van chuyen cung nhu cac thdng sd cdng nghe trong qua trinh hoat dpng cua cac dudng dng van chuyen dau, khi.
Phan mem OLGA dupc Cong ty Scandpower phat trien va da dupc Cdng ty ScMumberger mua Iai. Ca sd dir lieu cua pham mem dupe sir dung tu md hinh thuc nghiem dudng ong thu nhd, ap suat cao, dudng kinh 8 inch. \an hanh bdi Cdng ty SINTEF tai Tiller (Na Uy) Ngoai ra, cac thuc nghiem xay dung ca sd dir lieu cho phan mem nay cdn dupc tien hanh theo cac dir an cua cac cdng ty khac nhu Conoco Norway, Esso Norge. Mobil Exploration Norway, Norsk Hydro, Petro-Canada. Saga Petroleum, Statoil va Texaco Exploration Norway...
Phan mem OLGA dupc su dung rpng rai trong cac du an tinh toan dam bao ddng chay, toi im cac thdng sd cong nghe. ma dac biet la thiet lap he thong co sd dii lieu cho thiet ke cac tuyen dudng dng van chuyen dku khi.
Phan mem OLGA dupc phat trien vdi nhieu bp modul ling dung khac nhau, cho phep danh gia mo phdng cac thdng s6 trong van chuyen dau khi bang dudng ong, nhu: dong chay nhieu pha (tmh chit lim biSn, md hinh ddng chay. tdn ap, dudng kinh ong, md hinh chay...);
sir xuat hien pha ran (hydrate, paraffin...); phan tich nhiet (boc ong each nhiet, gia nhiet...); sir dn dinh ciia he thong \an chuyen (che dp van hanh binh thudng, dimg va khdi dpng dudng ong, giam luu lupng, tang luu lupng, phdng thoi); van chuy6n diu dudi dang nhu tuong; su dung hda phlm xu ly.
Ngoai ra, phin mSm md phdng OLGA cdn cho phep tien hanh cac md phdng trong boat dpng ciia gieng khai diac, toi uu che do gaslift cimg nhu cac ch^ dp boat dpng khac nhau cua gieng khai thac. Cac dir lieu trong OLGA cd the dupe sir dung d l kk hpp vdi cac phan mem md phdng khac nhu ph5n mSm SENSOR dk
nghien ciiu sau them ve hoat ddng cua gieng khai thac.
Cho den nay, OLGA van la phan mem thucmg mai duv nhat cho phep md phong hoat dpng dong chay 3 pha (dku, khi va nudc), dua ra cac du bao theo thai gian cac thdng sd nhu ap suat, nhiet dp. luu lugng long, khi va miic dp choan cho cua chat long trong ducmg ong \a che dp ddng chay.
Nhihig nam gan da\. phan mem OLGA tiep tuc dupc cai tien, cho phep danh gia chinh xac han cac trang thai boat dpng phirc tap cua dudng dng \m chuyen diu khi nhu su hinh thanh cac niit dku • khi trong qua trinh van hanh. qua trinh chuyen pha trong cac dudng dng van chuven khi condensate
He thdng van chuyen dau - khi tai cac mo cua Lien doanh Viet - Nga 'N^etsov petro da trai qua cac thdi k\' phat trien khac nhau. Do cac dieu kien dac thii cua timg thdi ky de lai nen c6 nhung phiic tap trong qua trinh van hanh [2]. Su dung kha nang mo phong hien trang boat ddng ctia dudng dng se cho phep danh gia tinh trang cua dirdng dng de dua ra cac giai phap \an hanh hgp ly trong bdi canh hien nay.
Ket qua nghien cvu
Lien doanh Viet - Nga Vietsovpetro da chu dpng nghien cihi va ung dung md hinh md phong dupc cac nha nghien ciiu dku khi tren the gidi su dung rpng rai de danh gia trang thai boat ddng cua cac tuyen ducmg dng van chuyen dku va khi Dudi day la ket qua mo phdng boat dpng cua mot sd dudng dng ngam \an chuyen dSu nhieu paraffin tai cac md Bach Ho va Rong d Lien doanh Viet - Nga Vietsovpetro thdng qua viec ap dung phan mem mo phdng OLGA
Dau khai thac tai khu vuc mo Rdng co ham luang paraffin va nhiet dp dong dac cao bieu hien cac tinh chat phiic tap tai dieu kien nhiet do thap [2]. Dudng dng dan diu RP-l-FSO-3. van chuyen dau mo Rong tir gian RP-1 den kho ndi chira xuat dau so 3 (FSO-3) cd chieu dai 5865 m, ducmg kinh 0324* 16.0 ram dugc xay dung nam 1994, la mot doan trong tu\en ong noi md Rdng vdi md Bach Hd. RP-1-PLEM FS0-3-RC- l - B T - 7 ^ T P - 2 , cd chidu dai 34 km. Da\ la tuy^n dudng dng co nhieu kich cd dudng kinh khac nhau \ a khdng dupc bpc each nhict vdi mdi trudng ben ngoai.
Sau khi mpt kho ndi chua xuat FSO dupc dat a \i tri sd 3 tai md Rdng thi dudng ong RP-l-FSO-3 duac su dung de van chuyen san pham khai thac ciia cac gian nhe RC-DM, RC-4. RC-5. RC-6 \ a gian c6 dinh RP-1 md Rdng den FSO-3. FSO-3 con uip nhan toan bd san pham khai thac o mo Rdng den lir cac gian co
8!SSIlGrtVitHam^<""°'=
52K h o a h p c KS/ chuaC v& CGng n g h § dinh khac, nhu: RP-2 va RP-3 nho tuyfa duong 6ng
K-r-3-RP-2-r-FSO-3... Tuyen duomg 6ng nay dugfc boc each nhiet vcri mdi truong b6n ngoai, dai 17 km, ducmg kinh 0325*16 mm. Doan ducmg ang RP-1 T F S O - 3 van hanh 6 dieu kien khong dupc bpc each nhiet vod ben ngoai trong khoang thoi gian dai tii nam 1994 dSn nay, do vSy viec danh gia hiSn trang duong ang la hat sue can thiet de dam bao an toan cho qua trinh khai thac va van hanh duong 6ng nay.
Sa^do va cac thong s6 hoat dpng hiSn nay cua ducmg 6ng din diu RP-l+FSO-3, RP-2-f-FSO-3 dupc thl hien o cac hinh 1, 4 va bang I. Mot s6 kk qua nghien ciiu tinh chat ciia dau dugc trinh bay o hinh 2 va 3.
g I • mpt so Ihong so von ckuyen ctautvRP.IviRP.2 dSn FSO-3 RP-I
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Hinh 1: sado he Ihong duang ong van chuyen ddu kit not RP-1
31 12 33 34 3S 36 37 38 39 W NlujIdAT Hinh 3: do nh&l cua dau ac dieu hen nhiel dg khde nhau
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Hinh 4. dp sudi vgn chuyen ddu phu thudc nhiel dg nirdc bien &
0 2000 ,4000 6000 8000 Chifiu dai, m
Hinh 5 nhiel do chdi long Irong duang ong RP-I--FS0-3. md phdng cho Iruang hcrp khong c6 lang dong paraffin ben Irang dudng dng
Ket qua mo phdng bang phan m6m OLGA dupc trinh bay d binh 5 cho thay, ddi vdi dudng dng khdng bpc each nhiet va khdng cd lang dpng paraffin, tai di6u kien nhiet dp mdi tru'dng nudc bien xung quanh dudng dng d miic 24"C, thi nhiet dp luu chat van chuyen trong dudng ong chi duy tri cao han nhiet dp moi trudng nudc bien d doan dng 1,5 km dau tien. Nhu vay, toan bp san pham khai thac trong dudng dng tii' RP-1 d6n FSO-3 cd nhiet dp tuong duang vdi nhiet dp moi trudng nudc bien va khdng qua 24"C. Nhiet dp hon hpp ciia chat long d^n FSO-3 tir RP-1 va RP-2 dupc xac dinh ngoai thuc te tren FSO-3 la 34,3<'C. Trong khi do, nhiet dp chat ldng RP-2 ve den FSO-3 phai khdng ldn han SS^C (nhiet dp ban dau ciia san phSm RP-2).
Tuong tu nhu vay, nhiet dp ciia chdt ldng tren RP-1 vS den FSO-3 phai khdng thap han 31 "C. Md phdng tinh toan nhiet dp tdi thieu cua chdt ldng tii RP-1 v6 FSO-3 dupc the hien trong hinh 6.
ISHoanpeji
, 6(7) 7.2016 53Khoa \-ioc Ky thuat va Cong nghe
1
\ h i e : dp cua nudc bJen bien ddi theo miia trong nam \ a c6 mirc do dao ddng manh a khoang 24-29T.
thap nhat c6 the 22'C. Tiiy theo nhiet dp mdi tnidns nuac bien. nhiet dd cua chat long RP-1 ve den FSO-3 se dao ddng tir 32 den khoang 35"C va ap suat tai dng dung RP-1 dao ddng trong khoang 12-18 bar.
B..''^' J .•ll phu ihiioc nhiL'i do chdi idm; den FSO-3 ioi nhiet do moi truang
Hmh 6: md phdng rinh todn rdtieldg ldi thieu chdt long tu RP-1 ve FSO-3
Nhu vay, trong dudng dug RP-KFSO-3 hinh thanh dang ke ldp lang dpng paraffin va ddng vai trd nhu mdt idp each nhiet tu nhien ciia dudng dng, lam giam tiet dien dng, dan den lam lang van tdc ddng chay trong ong va giam tdn thdt nhiet ra mdi trudng ben ngoai, nhung tdn that ap suat \ an chuyen lai tang len [3]. Ket qua md phdng boat ddng dudng dng bpc each nhiet RP-2-^FSO-3 trong dieu kien mdi tnrdng nudc bien cd nhiet dp 24°C cho thay, \ di kha nang hinh thanh Idp paraffin trong dudng dng RP-2^FSO-3 la khdng dang ke, nhiet dp chat long van chuyen ve den PLEM FSO- 3 la 35"C, tuong iing vdi nhiet dp cua RP-1 \ e den PLEM FSO-3 la 32,4^C (bang 2).
Hinh 7: mo phdng hogt ddng aia Atdng dng van chuyen ddu theo layer.
RP-l^FSO-3 Vffi Idp ldng dgng paraffin day khoang 40 mm
Hinh 7 the hien mdi tuong quan giiia nhiet dp chit ldng tren RP-1 va ap suat tai dng dung RP-1 vdi chiiu day Idp ldng dpng paraffin, vdi gia dinh ldp paraffin lang dpng phan bd deu trong dudng dng. Kit qua md phdng cho thay, ldp lang dpng paraffin ben trong dudng dng cd be day khoang 40 mm.
Nhiet do niTff bien. •c 1 Nhiet do chat long den FSO-3. *€
23 32.2
24 32.4
25 33 0
26 33 4
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34 2 1 34 5 '
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Ket qua md phdng cho thay, nhiet do chat long den FSO-3 thap han 36'C, tuc la rai vao \TJng ma do nhm ddng hoc va iing suat trupt tang dot ngot (hinh 2 \ a 3 )-
\ h i e t dp nudc bien a \"iing can da\. xung quanh dudng dng thuan lpi cho \an chuyen dau tir RP-1 den FSO-3 la tren 27'C- 0 nhiet do dudi miic na>. se dan den tang ion that thu> lire dudng ong RP-l-FSO-3.
Miu \-d\. hoat dong cua dudng ong RP-l-FSO-3 phu thudc rat nhieu \ ao nhiet dd nudc bien xung quanh duang dng. Tai thai diem nhiet do nuac bien thap han 2" C. nhiei do dau den FSO-3 tiem can \di nhiei do dong dac cua dau. lam tang ddt ngdt dp nhot ciia chat luu. giai doan na\ ghi nhan su tang ap a mirc cao tai ong dung tren RP-1 mo Rdng. trong dudng dng khmnh hudng hmh thanh lane dong paraffin \ a lap dau dong cao. lam tiet dien dng bi thu hep. cho nen ton hao ap suat van chuyen gia tang.
Dudng dng van chuyen BK-14-CPP-3 thuc hien
\an chu_\en san pham khai thac tren BK-14 BT-" den CPP-3- Truac da\. dudng dng na% dupc su dung de
\an chu>en san pham khai ihac tir gian nhe GTC-1.
mo Gau Trang. den CPP-3. Hien na} san pham khai ihac GTC-t. BK-16 dupc \an chuyen d^n BK-14 de lach khi so bo trong binh tach khi so bd (UPOG). sau dd \ an chu\ en qua BK-9 den CPP-3 Sa do ngu> en tac
\an chuyen d4u GTC-1. BK-16. BK-14 \ a BT-'duac Innh ba\ a hmh 8
ISNGNGHEViet Ndm ^
54Khoa hgc Ky thuat va Cong ngh$
n chuyens npham khai thde BK-14. BT-7. BK-16
\ Gdu Trdng
Dudng dng van chuyin ddu BK-14^CPP-3 dai 10,6 km, dudng kinh <I>323,8*15,9 mm, duoc bpc each nhiet vdi moi trudng ben ngoai bang vat lieu composit.
Cac thdng sd boat dpng cua dudng dng BK-14-CPP-3 trong thdi ky dau d che dp van hanh duac trinh bay tren hinh 9 va 10.
-•Vp suat tai ong Jifaig BK-14
^ • < ^ ~ Ap suat tai ong diirg CTK.-3 - ™ Nhiet do tai BK-14
^ - ^ Nhiet do tai CTK-J
00-Thgi lo-Thgi 20--nigi ao-ihgi og-ihgz
Tltcrigian
Hinh 10 cdc ihong sd hoai dong cua dudng dng BK-14-CPP-i
Ket qua md phdng boat dpng cua dudng dng nay dupc the hien tai hinh 11 phan anh kha phu hpp vdi cac thdng sd boat dpng cua dudng dng trong giai doan nay.
Hinh 11 dp sudi vgn chuyen hdn hop ddu khi doc iheo chieu dai dinmg dng dgiai doan vdn hanh on dmh
1800 1600 1400
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Hinh 9: lau luang chal luu bin Irong duang dng BK-14-CPP-3
Thcri gian (s) Hinh 12- dp sudi lgi ong dimg tren BK-14 iheo kel qud mo phdng
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Khoa hoc K9 thuat va Cong nghe
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Thin gian (s)
Hinh 13- ^ sudt ghi nhgn tgi ong dung tren BK-14
Hien nay, luu lupng chat Idng van chuyen tu BK- 14 den CPP-3 dao ddng d miic 1.500 mVngd, vdi ham lupng nude 40%, luu lupng khi khoang 320.000 mV ngd. Ap suat van chuyen dau di CPP-3 tai dng dung tren BK-14 la 19-21 bar, ap suat tren dng dung khi dau dan CPP-3 la 12-16 bar. Nhiet dp ch5t Idng fren BK-14 ' khoang 40-41°C va ddn CPP-3 dao dpng trongj^oang 27-3 PC. Cac ket qua md phdng qua trinh hpat ddng cua dudng dng BK-14-K;1PP-3 dupc the hien tai hinh ' 12 va thuc te d hinh 13.
Ket qua md phdng cho thay, ap su^t tai dng dimg dao ddng nhu thuc te ghi nhan d thdi diem ban dau khi dua dudng dng vao van hanh d che dp on dinh khdng khac biet nhieu so vdi dieu kien dudng dug d tinh trang khdng cd lang dpng paraffin.
Ketluan
Cac ket qua md phdng boat dpng dudng ong RP- l-FSO-3 md Rdng cung nhu BK-14*K:PP-3 md Bach
Hd cho thay miic do chinh xac cao so vdi cac thdng s6 cdng nghe ghi nhan trong dieu kien thuc te. Md hinh md phdng cho phep xac dinh tinh trang hpat dpng cdng nghe ciia cac dudng dng van chuyen diu va khi nay.
Ben canh do, cac ket qua ciia mo hinh md phdng boat dpng dudng dng cimg cho phep n h ^ thay nhiing kho khan khac nhau trong qua trinh van hanh tai cac tuy6n dudng dng van chuyen dau khi n^y. Qua trinh thiet ]sp md hinh md phdng cho cac tuyen dng RP-1 -^FSO-3 md Rdng ciing nhu BK-14-^CPP-3 md Bach Hd sii dung cac CO sd du lieu, cac nghien ciiu cu the tinh chSt diu md Rdng va Bach Hd. Muc dp chi tiet cu the ciia cac nghien ciru nay giiip nang cao tinh chinh xac cua rac ket qua md phdng.
3^
Nhu vay, cac ket qua md hinh md phdng phan anh tuong ddi chinh xac trang thai boat dpng ciia dudng dng, danh gia cac van de trong qua trinh vSn hanh, tren CO sd dd xac dinh cac che dp van hanh tdi uu he thoi^
cdng nghe, dam bao van hanh an toan dudng dng trong sudt qua trinh khai thac dau khi.
Tai lieu tham khao
[1] T i Thinh Nghla, Nguyin Thuc Khaog, TrJin Van Vmh, Pham Ba Hien, Tran Van Thuotig, T6ng Canh Son, Nguyen Hoai Vii, Phan Diic Tuan (2015), "Vietsovpetro: Phat tnIn cac giai phap cong nghe trong xic ly va van chuyen diu nhieu paraffin", Tgp cki Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe VietNam, 4, tr.28-31.
[2] Tir Thanh Nghia, Ngo Thirong San, Nguyen Van Minh, Nguyen Thuc Khang, Pham Xuan Son, Tong Canh Son, Pham Ba Hign, Nguyen Hoai Vii (2015), "Nhiing kho khan, thach thiic ciia Vietsovpetro trong van chuyen diu nhieu paraffin bang duong ong ngam ngoai khcri", Tgp chi Ddu khi. 5, tr.20-25.
[3] Cao Tiing Son, Tran Van Thuong, Pham Ba Hien, Tran Qu6c Khcri, Pham Thanh Vinh, Nguyin Hoai Vu, Phan Dire Tuin (2015),
"Thach thuc va giai phap van chuyen diu nhieu paraffin bing dodng ong khong boc each nhiet RP1-UBN3 mdR6ng", TgpchiKhoahoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam, 5, tr.42-45.
KHOAHOC „
nXGNGNiVli , 6(7)7.2016 56
