KINH TE
t.
D&U TITTROC TIEP CUA HAN QUOC 0 VIET NAM TdNG QUAN VA TRIEN VQNG
DINH TRUNG THANH'
Tom tit: Bdi viit dugc chia lam hai phdn, phdn ddu ddnh gid tinh hinh ddu tu cim Hdn Quoc a Viit Nam tir 1988 din nay, phdn thu hai ddnh gid triin vong cd thi tdng cucmg thu hilt dau tu trice tiip cua cdc doanh nghicp Hdn Qude vdo Viet Nam, trong do nhdn mgnh boi ednh quan h^ Viet Nam - Hdn Qude da dugrc ndng len thdnh quan he doi tac hap tde chien luac vdo ndm 2009, ciing nhu tac dpng ciia khiing hodng tdi chinh, suy thodi todn cdu den
y
mdi trudmg tu do hda thuang mgi vd ddu tu.
Tir khoa: Quan he hgp tacViet Nam - Han Qude, FDI cua Han Qude d Viet Nam, Dy an FDI
7
rong hon 25 nam ddi mdi, kl tir khi thanh cdng trong viec thu hiit cae ddng FDIy f y r t t
dy an dau tu tryc tiep dau tien cua vao tang trudng, hdi nhap kinh te qude te.
Han Qude cd mat tai Viet Nam, FDI ciia Thdng qua con dudng giao luu van hoa,
r f
Han Qude da cd nhirng ddng gdp quan trgng. thuang mai, cac doanh nghiep ciia Han Quoc Han Quoc hien dang la nha dau tu dirng thu da cd mat kha sdm d Viet Nam trude thdi
f f f 9 ' ' 1
nhat tai Viet Nam. Khu vyc kinh te cd vdn diem Viet Nam ddi mdi chuyen sang nen
f f y '
FDI ciia cac doanh nghiep Han Qude hinh kinh te thi trudng. Trong dau tu tryc tiep
7
thanh va phat trien da trd thanh mdt bd phan nudc ngoai, sau mdt thdi ky khao sat, thSm
t f y f f y '
hiru CO khdng the thieu ciia nen kinh te Vipt dd va tao dyng thi trudng, den nay hau het Nam. Vdi sy iing hg ciia Chinh phu hai cac doanh nghiep Idn ciia Han Qude diu da nudc, sy quylt tam ciia edng ddng doanh ed mat d Vi^t Nam vdi nhirng dy an diu tu nghiep quan he kinh tl, thuong mai, diu tu, rit dang ehu y. Diu tu true tilp cua doanh van hoa giira Viet Nam - Han Qude se tang nghiep Han Qude da ed nhung tae ddng Idn nhanh trong thdi gian tdi. din qua trinh phat triln kinh t l - xa hdi, phat 1. Tong quan tinh hinh dau tu- trurc tiep triln mgt sd ITnh vye edng nghiep va kit ciu ciia Han Quoc d Vift Nam ha ting ehii ylu, gdp phin thue diy quan h6 Tir khi ban hanh Luat khuyin khich diu kinh t l giiJa Vi?t Nam vdi H ^ Qude va cac tu nude ngoai nam 1987, Viet Nam da rit nude trong khu vyc va thi gidi.
Tren thuc te, gan 3 nam sau khi Luat
• TS, Tnremg Dai hoc Vinh khuyIn khieh diu tu nude ngoai eua Viet
28 NGHltN COru D O N G B^C fl. sd 10(128) 10-2011
Nghien citu khoa hqc
Nam dugc ban hanh, Han Qude bat dau dau tu vao Viet Nam. Nam 1992, khi moi quan he ngoai giao giiia hai nudc da dugc thiet lap thi von dau tu ciia Han Quoc la
140.600.000USD' dii Uing 2,26 kin so vdi 4 nam trudc gop lai.
Nam 1993, Han Quoc da dupe nang len vj iri thir 3 vdi 30 du an va 508.500.000USD long von dau lu, lang gan 4 hin so vdi nam 1992 nhirng van xep sau Dai Loan va Hdng Kong \e sd du an. Vj Iri nii\ van dupe duy tri Irong sudt 2 nam 1994 va 1995 song vi Iri ve so von dau lu tang ro rel hang nam. Nam 1994, Han Quoc xep Ihii 6 tren long sd 54 nudc va lanh thd dau tu vao Viet Nam. Nam
1995, vdi sl vdn diu tu 656,8 trieu USD tang gan gap ddi so vdi nam 1994, Han Quoc vupt len vj tri thir 4 sau Dai Loan (1.214 trieu USD), Nhat Ban (1.188 trieu USD) va My (830 trieu USD)^
Tinh den thang 6/1997 Han Qude da dau
f f f
tu vao Viet Nam tdng sd 206 dy an vdi sd vin dang ky tren 2.363.548.252USD. Cho den hit thang 4/1999 Han Qude dang c6 231
f f y
dy an dugc cap giay phep dau tu tai Viet Nam va con hieu lye vdi tdng vdn dang ky 3.450 trieu USD, FDI ciia Han QuIc vao Viet Nam co xu hudng tang len va tang manh nhit la tir nam 1993 den nam 1996.
Trong khoang thdi gian nay, cd nhirng nam
> f f^ y y ^
dau tu ciia Han Qude dan dau ca ve sd lugrig dy an lln vin diu tu va ludn nam trong sd 10 nudc va vimg lanh thd cd sd dy an va vdn
dau tu Idn nhal vao Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, nhjp do dau lu cua Han Quoc vao Viet Nam cd xu hudng giam dan ke tir nam 1997 den nam 2000, do anh hirdng ciia cugc khiing hoiing lai chinh lien le Chau A. Tir nam 2000, ciing vdi quii Irinh phue hoi ciia kinh le Han Qude, linh hinh da co nhirng chuyen bien lot ban. Dau lu ciia cac cong ty Han Qude Viio Vicl Nam da diin liiy lai dugc nhip do Irirdc day, ma dinh cao la nam 2002 vdi 149 du iin vdi long sd von dang ky la 289,5 trieu USD^
Nam 2003, Han Quoc vuon len dirng thu hai sau Dai Loan ve dau lu vdi 164 du an, tri gia 317 trieu USD. Tinh din thang 4/2004, Han Qude da cd 679 dy an dau tu vao Viet Nam cdn hieu lye, vdi tdng von dang ky hon 4,2 ty USD, dii-ng thu 4 trong sd 62 nudc va viing lanh thd dau tu tai Viet Nam. Cac dy an nay da thye hien dugc 2,9 ty USD, tao viec lam cho tren 12 van lao ddng tryc tiep Tinh den ngay 20 thang 5 nam 2005, Han Qude CO 55 dy an dau tu vao Viet Nam vdi sd von dang ki Ien tdi 86,20 trieu dd la. So
f f y
vdi mgt vai nam trudc, sd von dau tu ciia Han Qude vao Viet Nam da tang len dang kl. Trong nam 2006, tinh den ngay
1/12/2006, Han Qude da cd 200 dy an d Viet
7 f
Nam vdi tdng vdn dang ky 2,213 ty USD,
y f t
diing dau trong sd cac nudc va vimg lanh thd va cao gap ba lan so vdi 770 trieu USD nam 2005.
Cue DSu tu nixac ngoai Bo KB hoach v^ Dau tu: Bdo cao tinh hinh ddu tu nu&c ngoai 1988 -2004 (Chi tinh cac du an con hieu lire).
^ Nhu trich dSn 1.
^ Cyc Dau tu nudc ngoai - Bo Kg hoach va D§u tu: Bao cao tinh hinh dau tu nu&c ngoai 1988 -2007 (Chi tinh cac dy dn con hieu lye).
"* Nhu trich din 3.
NGHIEN C(jru DONG BflC fl. SO 10(128) 10-2011
29
Ngh ien citujchoa hoc
Biins 1: FDI ciia Han Quoc vao Vi9t Nam (1991-3/2004)
Nnm
S o iii,r i'lii
1 one M"I
\6n USD)
W)\
6
45.4 l')'>2
')
140.6
|')'M M)
.'^OS..'^
I W I .l.S
V1.S.2 1 y;.';
n
6V.,S V)
KII..S 19';7
2.'^
14^.9
1 mv,
12
27.S
199';
27
If,'; s 2()()()
\\
197.9 2()()l
2(1';.2 2002
149
2K9..'i 2003
1 12
2SS.';
g u i 1'20()4
71
274.3
long s6
mi
4311
Ngudn: Cue ddu lu nudc ngodi Bd Kc hogch vd Ddu lir.
Bling 2: Iinh hinh diiu tir ciia Ciic cong ty Iliui Quoc tsii Viet Nam Nam
So du iin Vein diiu tu (tricu USD)
1999 27 169.5
2001 75 109,3
2003 :
1711
,343.6 !
2005 190' 551,6
2007 1655 1150
Ngudn: Cue Ddu lu nudc ngodi - Bd Ki hogch vd Ddu tu Ben canh nhu'ng du an hpp liic diiu lu kinh
lc. nhirng hap lac khiic clira hai nudc cun^
lien Irien manh vdi riit nhieu hoiil dpng khiic nhau. Lu> ke linh den hcl nam 2007, lliin Quoc dimg dau irong sd ciic nirdc \ii viing lanh tho diiu lu true licp viio Viel Nam, \di ling vin dang ky la 14.398.138.655 USD vdi 1857 du an^ Ben ciinh dir iin xin diiu lu CO quN mo Iren 100 Irieu USD. trono nam 2007, hang loai du iin cd \on diu lu Idn dang Iricn khai nhu: du iin nhii niii\ san .\uil gang Ihep cua Tiip doiin Posco; Du iin xii\
dung Trung Uim Viin hoa Thuang mai Giang Vo \ a khu Iriln lam Me Tri ( I hi Npi).
Tinh dcMi ngii\ 31 thiing 12 nam 2008.
lliin Quoc CO Iren 2.005 du iin eon hieu lire
\di tons vdn diiu lu diinu kv dat Iren 16 tv USD, dirng Ihir lu Irong so 81 qude gia vii vimg liinh thd diiu lu liii Vict Nam^
Mac dii chiu anh hudng nang ne cua khiing hoiing uii chinh \ii suy ihoai loan cau song din hit thiing 9 2()()9. Hiin QuIc la mdl trong so cac qude gia cd sd dy iin dau lir cdn hieu luc lii 2.284 du iin vdi tdng vin dau lu diing ky ki 22.4 ly USD, dirng vi tri thiJ nhiil \ c so dy iin, ihir 2 \ e vdn dang ky Irong long so 88 nen kinh te ddu tu tryc tilp nuac ngoai \ iio Viel Nam (gdp 60 Idn so vdi nam
1992).
Cue Dau tu nuac ngoai- Bo Ke hoach va Di\u tu.- Bdo cuo tinh hinh ddu tu mn'/c ngodi 1988 -2008 (chi linh cdc du dn con hieu luc).
' Nhu trich dan 5.
30 NGHIEN cdru DONG BflC fl, s6 10(128) 10-2011
Nghien citu khoa hoc
y r
Bang 3: Dau tu true tiep nuoc ngoai theo nudc 1988-2007 (tinh tai ngdy 31/12/2007 - chi tinh cdc du dn cdn hieu luc)
STT 1 2
t J
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Nuoc, vung lanh tho Han Quoc
Singapore Dai Loan Nhat Ban
BritishVirginlslands Hong Kong
Malaysia Hoa Ky Hii Lan Phap
So du" lin 21,38°^, 6,32",.
20,74%
10.76",.
3.94'!,, 5.26%
2.82%
4.33",.
0,')9" 0
2.26"/,.
Von dau tu*
16,93%
13,00%
12,65%
10,79%
9.I6H0 6,98",.
3.32%
3,28%
3.06%
2.79"/o
Von dieu le 14,40%
10,85%
12,81%
11.04"^
I 7.28%
6.04%
5.01%
4.04%
4.13%
4.02%
DT thuc hien 9.37%
13,20%
10,53%
17,06%
4.71%
7,39%
3.71%
2.55%
6,95%
3,71%
' ^ ' y
Ngudn: Cue Ddu lir nuac ngodi- Bd Ke hogch vd Ddu lu
^ ' f
Bang 4: Dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam phan theo doi tac (chi tinh cdc dir dn cdn hiiu lire din ngdy 20/7/2011)
TT 1 2
J ^
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Doi tac dau tu- Han Quoc Dai Loan Singapore Nhat Ban Malaysia
BritishVirginlslands HoaKy
Hong Kong Cayman Islands Thai Lan
So d y a n 2.823 2.187 937 1.560 386 498 579 639 52 253
1 r \
Tong von dau tu' dang ky (USD)
23.404.269.652 23.241.661.801 23.225.257.024 21.615.618.323 18.788.576.678 14.889.076.400 13.251.078.812 10.710.062.699 7.432.293.351 5.728.150.917
Von dieu le (USD) 8.041.876.662 9.894.894.054 6.669.428.816 6.167.750.889 4.000.520.854 4.701.022.700 3.209.828.056 3.437.680.192 1.474.405.118 2.507.673.419
^ X f y
Ngudn: Cue Ddu tu nuac ngodi - Bd Ke hogch vd Ddu tu Tinh den 20 thang 7 nam 2011, Han Qude
^ f ^ y y
tiep tue dan dau danh sach cac nha dau lu Idn nhdt vao Viet Nam.
Cac dy an nha dau tu ciia Han Qude tap trung chli yeu trong lmh vyc cdng nghiep va xay dyng vdi 1.500 dy an cd tdng vdn ddu tu tren 9 ty USD, chilm 74,8 % sd dy an va 56,8% tdng vdn ddu tu dang ky. Tiep theo la
ITnh vue djch vu vdi 412 du an, long vdn ddu tu dang ky 6, 7 ty USD, chiem 20,5% ve sd du an va 42% ve tdng von ddu tu dang ky Sd cdn lai thude linh vyc ndng, Idm, ngu nghiep chiem 4,6% ve so dy an va 1,1% ve tdng vdn dau tu. Cac dy an ddu tu cua Han Qude chli yeu dau tu theo hinh thuc 100%
vdn nudc ngoai vdi 1.698 dy an cd tdng vdn
NGHIEN Cdru DONG BflC fl, SO 10(128) 10-2011 31
Nghien c^ukhoahoc^
dang ky 11, 8 ty USD, chilm 84,7% vl so chilm 12,5%) vl so du an va 19%) tdng vin du an va 74,2% vl long vin diiu lu dang ky. dang ky. so cdn lai theo hinh ihirc hgp dong
Tilp din la hinh Ihirc liC-n doanh vdi 250 hpp Uie kinh doanh vii cdng ly cd phdn.
du iin cd Icing vdn diing ky Iren 3 ly USD,
Bang 5: Dau tu true tiep ciia Han Quoc d Vi^t Nam phan theo (chi linh cdc du dn cdn hieu luc din ngdy 23/03/2011)
nganh
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1
17 18 Tong cong
ChuycMi ngiinh
CN che bien, che tao Kinh doanh bat dpng san Xay dirng
Viin tai kho bai Nghe thuat vii giiii tri Dich vu kru trii va an uong Ban buon, biin lc; sira chira Y te va trp giup xa hpi Khai khoiing
Taichinh, ngan hang, bao hiem Thong tin va truyen thong Nong, lam nghicp; thuy san HD chuyen mon, KHCN
San xuat, dien, khi, nudc, dieu hoa Dich vu khac
Hanh chinh va dich vu ho tra Cap nudc; xir ly chat thdi
Giao due va dao tao
So d y an 1.716 71 316 48 23 74 84 20 2 7 82 44 167 15 31 13
7 19 2.739
Tonj; \on dau tu"
(ISD)
10.360.264.448 6.421.685.022 2.364.876.676 908.239.102 825.337.665 482.469.022 1 221.922.061 218.826.835 112.000.000 95.789.473 89.322.332 86.389.410 80.974.378 44.428.948 27.502.000 18.906.000 17.750.000 8.854.500 22.385.537.872
\ on dieu lc (USD) * 4.328.149.557
1.539.785.889 627.886.231 281.642.000 220.920.139 168.688.683 170.218.061 70.075.528 112.000.000 90.789.473 77.294.189 48.335.932 55.883.083 10.433.000 14.108.894 10.392.000 4.735.000 3.848.520 7.835.186.179
^ ^ f y
Ngudn: Cue Ddu tu nuac ngodi - Bo Ke hogch vd Ddu tu
32 NGHIEN Cdru DONG B^C fl, SO 10(128) 10-2011
Nghien citu khoa hoc
Bang 6: Dau tu true tiep ciia Han Quoc d Vict Nam phan theo hinh thuc dau tu (chi tinh cdc du dn cdn hiiu luc din ngdy 23/03/2011)
TT 1 2 3 4 5
Hinh thiic dau tu- 100% \'on nirdc ngoai Lien doanh
Cong ty CO phan
Hop dong BOT,BT,BTO Hop ddng hop tiic KD Tong cong
So dy an 2.337
-1 -> r
36 2 29 2.739
n f -X—
1 ong von dau tu- (USD)
17.123.326.950 4.036.190.101
584.955.830 340.410.000 300.654.991 22.385.537.872
Von dieu lc (USD) 5.966.647.349
1.400.623.414 142.014.225 44.410.000 281.491.191 7.835.186.179
y y r ^
Ngudn: Cue Ddu tu nudc ngodi - Bd Ki hogch vd Ddu tu
Trir hai du an tham do, khai Ihcie ddu khi, linh, Ihanh cd diiu kien ca sd ha ldng tuang cac nha ddu lu Han Qude cd mat d 42 dia dii phat triln.
phuang ciia ca nudc, nhung lap trung lai cac
Bang 7: 10 dja phuong dung dau trong danh sach thu hiit FDI
f
ciia Han Quoc d Viet Nam
(chi tinh cdc du dn cdn hiiu lire din ngdy 23/03/2011)
TT 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Dja phuong Ha Noi
Ba Ria-Viing Tau TP Ho Chi Minh Dong Nai
Binh Duang Hai Phong Long An Quang Ngai Da Nang Bac Ninh
So dy an 527
50 757 251 440 37 55 7 25 67
Tong von dau tu*
(USD) 4.634.885.937 3.460.584.724 3.390.584.601 2.671.251.253 1.318.065.209 971.956.787 868.874.254 724.900.000 626.688.269 490.526.834
Von dieu le (USD) 1.140.440.380 1.155.333.000 1.334.079.860 1.005.851.813 614.797.177 308.005.406 255.267.641 288.500.000 131.551.555 147.232.486
•^ > r y
Ngudn: Cue Ddu tu nuac ngodi - Bd Ke hogch vd Ddu tu
y y f y
Nhirng ndm gdn ddy, Chinh phii Viet Nam ddu tu cua Han Quoc phdn Idn chi tap trung da CO nhieu chinh sach khuyen khich va dieu tai hai vimg trpng diem kinh te phia Bdc va
- ^ > f y
chinh phdn bd dau tu, mac dii vdy cac dy an phia Nam nhu Ha Npi, Thanh phd Hd Chi
NGHIEN Cdru DONG BflC fl, SO 10(128) 10-2011 33
Nghien citu khoa hqc
Minh, Ding Nai, Binh Dirang hi ciic djii Nam; du an Cdng ly TNI III mdl thanh vien phuang cd ca sd ha ti\ng lot, nhirng nai co Keangnam - Vina; dir an xdy dung dudng nhieu khu cong nghicp, 1<IHI chl xuilt, co cao loc U.ii Ihanh pho 116 Chi Minh cua lap chinh sach diui lu hiip dan va ihong thoiing doan (JS llan Quoc; Cdng ly san xudl den han, ihii luc hanh chinh dan gian han, lao hinh ORION -IIANlvL Uii lla Ndi; Cong ty dpng dii dao han... Tuy nhien, trong nhung TNI III DAI'!! lA, kinh doanh khach san 5 sao nam ldi djnh hudng ca Ciiu viing diiu lu cLia Uii lla Noi; Cong ly 6 Id Viet Nam - Han Quoc d Vict Nam sc md rong, Irirdc hit Daewoo; (^ing ly TNI III Nha nuiy lau bien la cac vimg ven bien (nai c6 tiem n^ln^ dau Hyundai Vinashin; dir an Benh vien da khi va khai thiic hai san) ciic viing co Ihl khoa Kwang M>ung Viet Nam, quy mo manh vc san xuiil nong nghicp... 1.000 giirdng. co kha nang kham chu-a benh
Trong sl cac du an cdn hieu luc noi IrcMi cho 6.000-7.000 ngirdi /nuii\. cung cap cac da CO khoang 1.200 du an di vao sim xudt djch vu y le thude chirc niing ciia phong kinh doanh va co doanh thu. Cac du an ciia kham da khoa ...
Han QuIc tao cdng an viec lam cho khoang Trong nhirng nam qua, cac doanh nghiep 500 nghin lao ddng true tiep va hang tram cd von ddu lu cua I Ian Qude hoat dpng nghin lao dpng gian tiep khac. Vai nam gdn luang ddi lot, mac dii khdng tranh khoi kho ddy, doanh Ihu cua cac du an Han Quoc da khan do \ iec gia lang canh tranh khoe liet va tang ddn len, binh qudn tdng gdn 15%/nam. do Vict Nam phai thuc hien cam kcl cat So sanh nam 2000 dat khoang 164 Iricu giam ihuc irong khudn khd AFTA. Them USD, nam 2001 dat khoang 188 Irieu USD vao do, nganh cdng nghicp hd irp chua phat (tdng 14,6% so vdi nam 2000), nam 2002 dat trien da\ dii. nen da so cac nguyen phu lieu, khoang 280 tricu USD (tang 49% so vdi nam phu Uing phiii nhiip khdu; chi phi ddu vao 2001), ndm 2003 dai khoang 320 tricu USD con cao, che do han ngach vao ciic thj trudng (tang 14,3% so vdi nam 2002) nam 2004 dat LU \ii My da han che niing luc sdn xuat ciia khoang 402 tricu USD, ndm 2005 dat cac du an may mac ma da phdn la dy an ciia khoang 480 trieu USD; nam 2006 dai tren Han Qude... lam anh hudng tdi hieu qua hoat 570 trieu USD, ndm 2007 dat Iren 700 tricu ddng cua cac du an FDI cua Han QuIc tai
7 '
USD Viet Nam. Mat khac, cdn xay ra tranh chap Trong sl cac dy an ddu tu cua Han Qude lao ddng tai mpt sd doanh nghiep 100% vin
f , \ f f
CO mpt sd dy an Idn, tap trung trong nganh ciia 1 Ian Qude ma nguyen nhdn hdu het xuat cdng nghiep, gdp phdn tich cyc dn djnh va phat tir nhirng mau thuan v l quyin lai kinh
t f ^ ^ ^
phat trien kinh te -xa hdi cua cac dja phuang te giiira cac ben, ve dieu kien lao ddng. Nhin nhu: dy an Cong ty TNHH Posco - Viet chung, cac sy vu diu duac giai quylt mot
each In thda tren ca sd hoa giai, thuang
^ Trung tSm nghien ciru Han Quoc: Ddu lu true tiep Han luprng, nhan nhuOTlg Ian nhau vdi s y tham Quoc vao Vi?l Nam trong nhirng nam gdn day,
http://nchq.org.vn
34 NGHIEN cdru DdNG BflC fl. SO 10(128) 10-2011
Nghien citu khoa hoc
gia ciia dai dien cac td chu'c, ca quan co nudc, cac cong trinh giao thong, cdng bien thdm quyen dia phuang. nham lao Ihuiin Ipi cho hoat dpng ddu tu.
Ben canh nhirng thudn Ipi ma chinh sach Ben canh do, dao lao nguon nhan luc cung la dau tu cua Viet Nam mang lai, co hai van de ITnh vue se dupe Chinh phii Viet Nam dac lam nhieu nha dau lu Han Qude lo ngai la h:i bicl chii Irpng Irong Ihiyi gian ldi de dap irng tang CO sd han che va gia thue ddl cao. nhu ciiu ciia nha ddu lu nudc ngoai.
Ngoai ra, viec thieu Ihong lin va bat dong Ciing vdi cam kcl ciit giam manh me thui ngon ngir cung la nhung Ird ngai Idn doi vdi nhap khau hang hoa Iheo 16 trinh WTO, Viet cac doanh nghiep llan Qude khi dau lir vao Nam ciing licp luc 16 trinh md cira cac nganh Viet Nam. dich vu, Irong dd co mpl so nganh quan
Trong boi canh Vict Nam da gia nhiip trpng nhu dich vu kinh doanh vien thong, WTO \ii luong \6n IT)I Uing Icn nhanh van tai, ngdn hang, bao hiem, chirng khoan ch6ng cang lam 16 ro hon nhirng > cu kem. dc lao Ihuan Ipi han cho cac ddu tu nudc bat cap CO hiiu cua nC-n kinh tc Viel Nam, ngoai.
nhal la doi vdi \ ice dam bao su phat Irien Ben canh do, vice cac hiep dinh ASEAN nhanh \'a ben viing. Nen kinh le Viel Nam Han Quoc ve hang hod va djch vu (ciing nam dang \ a se de bi l6n thuang han trudc cae cii trong khu6n kh6 AKFTA) da dupe ky ket soc tir ben ngoai nen cdn cd su chu dpng Idn luat vao thang 8/2006 va 10/2007, co tac thich ling tir chinh sach. Mire dp Ihuc hien dpng thiic day su gia tdng dau tu va thuang cam ket \ a gidi ngdn vdn FDI thdp cho thdy mai ciia Han Quoc vdi Viet Nam. Mac dii Viet Nam cdn co nhirng nd luc mdi trong dang chju tac ddng khong nhd cua khung viec tiep luc thu hiit ddu tu nudc ngoai. hoang va suy thoai loan cdu song chdc chan,
2. Triln vong hop tac d5u tu Viet Nam cac nha ddu tu va doanh nhdn Han Quoc se - Han QuIc din Viet Nam nhieu han.
Co Ihl du bao quan he hpp tac ddu lu giira Vl phia Viet Nam, nen kinh te cua chung Viet Nam va Han Qude se ngay cang gia ta la mpt trong rdt it nen kinh te tren thi gidi tdng trong nhirng nam tdi, sd luang du an cd tic dp tang trudng tren 5% trong 3 nam ddu tu cua Han QuIc vao Viet Nam cung gdn ddy. Ddy la diiu rdt dang khich le, trong nhu ddu tu Viet Nam sang Han QuIc cd xu bii canh khiing hoang, cdc nha ddu tu Han hudng tdng. Theo y kiln cua Cue Ddu tu QuIc van khdng djnh rang, Viet Nam la dja nudc ngoai, viec ndng cdp mdi quan he Viet dilm ddu tu hdp dan nhat. Mdt cudc diiu tra Nam - Han Qude len tdm "ddi tac chiln gdn ddy ciia KOTRA cho thdy, 93% doanh luac" se gdp phdn quan trpng thuc day hop nhan Han Qude dang lam dn tai Viet Nam tac ddu tu cua doanh nghiep hai nudc trong khdng dinh hp mudn duy tri hoac md rdng thdi gian tdi. Chinh phii Viet Nam da va kinh doanh tai thi trudng nay. Cho du nam dang tap trung ddu tu nang cdp va phat triln 2009, 2010 la khoang thdi gian khd khdn ca sd ha tdng nhu he thdng dien, cdp thoat chung cua nin kinh tl, nhung cudi ndm nay
NGHIEN Cdru DONG BflC 4 Sd 10(128) 10-2011 35
Nghien citu khoa hqc
hoac ddu nam sau, llan Qude se day manh ddu lu vao Vicl Nam. I lico Lanh sir Dili sir quan Han QuIc, Hong .Lie Lim: hien tai luy nin kinh le dang gap kho khan song ciic doanh nghiep 1 lan Quoc kh6ng nen thu minh lai ma cdn co tdm nhin chien lupc. Vdi kinh nghiem xir ly khiing hoiing kinh tc nam
1997, Ciic doanh nghiep llan Qu6c can Uin dung nhung ca hpi nay de bien thiich thirc thanh ca hpi.
Nhirng niim dau thiip nien thir hai ciia Ihe ky XXI se kho thu hiit FDI nhu nam 2007, nhung cac nha diiu lu vdn danh gia Viet Nam CO licm nang Ihu hiil dau lu Irong Irung va dai han. Viet Nam co ca sd thu hiil ddu lu vao ITnh vue c6ng nghe cao, ca sd ha ldng, phat Irien nguon nhdn luc. Trong b6i canh cdc tap doan kinh le dang ca cdu lai ddu tu vao nhirng dja ban cd tinh canh tranh cao, chi phi thap, Viet Nam cang ndi len nhu mpt diem den ddy hiia hen. "Nen kinh le Viet Nam tdng trudng nhanh va dn djnh, la mpt thi trudng ddu tu hdp ddn trong khu vyc"
Thir trudng Dong Geun Lee phu trach chinh sach thuang mai vd ddu lu (Bp Kinh ll Tri thiic cua Han Qude) nhdn dinh. Viet Nam sd
^ y f
hiru nguon tai nguyen ddi dao va ddn sd tre, con Han Quoc cd ky thudt cao, kinh nghiem phue hoi kinh te nhanh va chuyen nghiep.
Do vdy, chuyen gia kinh te hai nude diu thdng nhdt rang: Nlu Han Qude va Vict Nam hop tac se tao dugc nhu-ng hieu qua ddu tu mdi, hai nudc deu duac lai khi hd trp Idn nhau. Cac nha ddu tu vao Viet Nam khong nen chi nhin d ngdn han ma cdn theo nhirng kl hoach ddu tu dai han. Khdng nen
y f y
ddu tu 2 den 3 nam ma cdn khoang 10 ndm
gfin vdi chiln lupc kinh te Vict Nam, nhu thi, cac nhii ddu tu chac chan se thanh cong (V Vict Nam.
Dilm hiip di~in ciia Vicl Nam vdi cdc nha diiu Ur 1 liin Quoc kh6ng chi la nhirng Ipi Ihl Ihu hill diiu lu Idn: on dinh chinh tri xa hpi, lao dpng Ire va d6i dao. TICMTI IUC phdt trien ciia Vicl Nam dupe cac nirdc cdng nhan, biing chirng hi Iupng v6n I DI vao Viet Nam.
Tuy nen kinh te khd khiin song cac dy an da
-, t
kh6ng bi dinh tre ma van dang trien khai.
Cac nha ddu tir dang ddy manh lien dp xay dung, tan dung vice gia ca vdt lieu xdy dung xuing thiip. gia nhan cdng giam. Ddy chinh la Ihdi dicMii thich hpp dc xii\ dung va dua du an vao hoai ddng irong 2.3 ndm ldi khi kinh le dn djnh trd lai.
Sdp ldi, Chinh phii Vict Nam se ban hanh cac chinh sach dac bicl \ e thu hiit dau tu nudc ngoai. Cu the. dieu chinh bd sung quy hoach, dac biet la quy hoach ve ca sd ha tang de thu hiit manh FDI vao ITnh vyc nay, ddy manh giam sat thi hanh phap ludt ve dau lu nude ngoai, hoan thien he thdng phap ludt, dan gian hon nCra cac thii tue hanh chinh dc thu hut cac doanh nghiep nuac ngoai ddu lu tai Viet Nam. Chat luong ngudn nhdn luc dat muc tieu 40%) lao dpng da qua dao tao vao ndm 2010. trong dd c6 sir
f
trp giiip ODA cua Chinh phii Han Quoc.
Mdi trudng dau tu duac cai thien hem trudc ciing \di viec xuc tien ddu tu vao cac ITnh vyc trpng diem vdn la the manh ciia doanh
t f
nghiep Han Quoc nhu cdng nghe cao, nang lugng. Han Qude la mot trong nhirng nuac ddu tu Idn nhdt vao Viet Nam, Chinh phii Viet Nam ludn quan tdm tao diiu kien thuan 36 NGHIEN Cdru DONG BflC fl, SO 10(128) 10-2011
Nghien citu khoa hqc
Ipi cho cac doanh nghiep nudc ngoai, Irong quan tam den du an phat trien ndng thon, do cd doanh nghiep Han Qude, dau tu, kinh ldng cudng nang luc thi chl, y tl.
doanh thanh cdng d Viet Nam. Mae dii kinh ll Viel Nam dang cd nhilu Cling cdn thdy rang, hoat dpng ddu lu true kho khan nhung cae doanh nghiep Han Qude tiep ciia cac doanh nghiep Han Qude d Vicl vdn kha lac quan vl triln vpng kinh doanh Nam CO su h i trg dac luc cua ngu6n von lai Vict Nam trong vdng 1 - 2 nam tdi. Cd ODA. Ve vien trg ODA, Viet Nam vdn la ldi 48,2% s l doanh nghiep c6 y dinh md mpt uu tien ciia Han Qude. Han Qude la nha rpng kinh doanh. Sd khdng dinh duy tri hoat tai trp song phuang Idn thir hai tai Vicl Nam dpng d quy mo cu la 45,2%. Chi cd 4,5% la (chi sau Phap) va Viet Nam la nudc nhdn h i thu hep san xudl va 2% cd y dinh chuyin trp phat trien nhieu nhdt cua Han Quoc. sang nudc thir ba^
Ting ODA tir 1991-2008 la 745 tricu USD. Vl kha ndng md rpng san xudt, cac doanh Vien trg khong hoan lai giai doan 1991-2008 nghiep Han QuIc chu trpng vao viec tdng la 79,4 trieu USD. Tinh den nam 2010, Han quy md hoat dpng doi vdi ddu tu bo sung;
Quoc Id ddi tac vien trg ODA Idn thir 2 ciia ndng cao gid tri gia tang hda danh muc mat
f f f
Viet Nam vdi sd von da phe duyet 1,255 ty hang san xudt va da dang hoa mat hang san USD. Rieng ndm 2011, Han Quoc co ke xudt. Dong thdi, ddu tu chieu sdu de tdng hoach vien trg 215 trieu USD cho cac du an: cudng ky nang phat trien thiet ke, nghien
f f A»
trang thiet bi y te cho Benh vien Da Nang; ciiu.
nha may dien ndng lugng mat trdi tai Quang Chinh phii Viet Nam da nhanh chdng ban Binh; trung tam thdng tin dii" lieu dien tir hanh Nghi quyet ve dinh hudng, giai phap Chinh phii; he thdng cdp thoat nudc cho thu hiit va quan ly vdn ddu tu tryc tiep nudc Thanh phd Long Xuyen (An Giang); vdn ngoai trong thdi gian tdi vdi 6 nh6m giai vay cho Chuang trinh chdng biln dii khi phdp cdp bach gom: khac phue cac bat cap hau; benh vien Da khoa Lao Cai^ vl quy hoach ve phat trien ha tdng va cac bdt
Hien nay, Han Qude da xay dung chiln cap trong viec phdn cdp, trong cdp phep ddu luge hpp tac ODA vdi Viet Nam giai doan tu, tang cudng dao tao nguon nhdn lye, ddc 2011 - 2015, tap trung vao cae ITnh vyc biet la tilp tue bd sung chinh sach vl ddu tu, trpng tdm: chudn bi nin tang ciia su tdng ban hanh cac uu dai khuyin khieh ddu tu va trudng bin vu-ng, mdi trudng va tang trudng thye hien cac bien phap thuc ddy giai ngan xanh; dao tao ngudn nhan lye; tdng cudng ca va cac giai phap v l xuc liln ddu tu. Dac biet sd ha tdng giao thdng lam nin tang cho sy la chinh sach van ddng, thu hut ddu tu ddi tang trudng kinh tl; cac ITnh vyc ddc thii, vdi cdc tap doan da qude gia ciing nhu cd chinh sach rieng ddi vdi timg tap doan va cac ddi tac trpng diem.
C6ng thong tin dien tu Bo KB hoach v^ Dau tu, Minh
Hau: Bo truang Bo Ke hogch vd Ddu tu tiep Dgi siir Hdn — QuSc. ' Nhu trich dan 8.
NGHIEN Cdru DONG B^C fl, SO 10(128) 10-2011 37
Nghien citu khoa hqc
De tiep tue thu hut dugc ludng vdn FDI
f f
cua cac doanh nghicp Han Qude trong bdi canh hien nay can phai cd mpt chien luge thu hut FDI thiet thye bdng nh&ng giai phdp cy the nhu manh dan han trong vipe cho phep doanh nghipp tu nhan tham gia phat
1 > s r
trien ha tdng; cdn xda bd lo ldng ciia cdc doanh nghiep trong nudc va ciia nhd dautu nudc ngoai ve nguy ea nhirng ludt le va quy dinh mdi bdng viec cuang quyet can xda bo nhimg gidy phep, thu tue khdng cdn thilt ehir khdng chi la ndi day manh cdi cdeh hdnh chinh chung chung. Ddc biet, cdn khan truang loai bo khdi bp may nha nudc nhirng cdng chirc gdy phiin ha, nhiing nhilu doanh nghiep, nhirng ngudi thilu trach nhiem khi thye hien nhiem vu. Va diiu quan trong hon cd, khdng thi chdm tre la ddi mdi he thing giao due va dao tao dl phdt triln ngudn nhdn lye.
Sy quan tdm trd lai ciia Han Qude ddi vdi Viet Nam cd mpt y nghTa Idn, tuy nhien, dd mdi chi la hoan canh thudn lgi. D I chdp thdi ca nay mdt each cd hieu qua, ddi hdi phai cd mdt chinh sach thu hut FDI khdn ngoan, hgp vdi trao luu mdi, canh tranhh dugc vdi nhimg nudc cd chiln luge diing FDI dl tdng nang lye canh tranh qude tl ddy manh qua trinh cdng nghicp hda./
2. Bp Ke hoach va Dau lu. Cue Dau tu nuac ngodi, Ddu tu true tiip nude Hdn Qude vdo Viet Nam, I lii Npi, 23 thang 3 ndm 2011.
3. Bp Ke hoach va Dau tu, Cyc Dau tu nurac
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ngoai, Ddu tu true tiip nude ngodi tgi Viet Natn theo ddi tde. Ha Npi, 20 thang 7 ndm 2011.
4. Cong thong tin dien tir Bp Ke hoach va Dau tu, Minh Hdu, Bd trudng Bo Ki hogch va
y f f
Ddu tu tiip Dgi sir Hdn Qude, Ha Npi 29/9/2011.
5. Vu Hai Ha, "FDI vao Viet Nam ndm 2010 va dy bao nam 2011" baodientuf^tccs.org.vn.
6. Hoang Thj Bi'ch Loan, Thu hiit ddu tu true tiep eua eae cong ty xuyen quoc gia vao viet Nam, Nxb CTQG, Ha Npi, 2008.
7. Trung tam nghien ciiru Han QuIc, "Khai quat vl ODA va FDI Han QuIc d Viet Nam", http://nehq. org. vn.
8. Trung tdm nghien cim Han QuIc, "Ddu tu true tiep Han Quoc vao Viet Nam trong nhimg nam gdn day" http://nchq.org.vn.
TAI LIfU THAM KHAO
1. Bp Kl hoach va Ddu tu, Cyc Dau tu nudc ngoai.- Bdo edo tinh hinh ddu tu nudc ngodi 1988 -2007 (chi tinh cdc du dn cdn hiiu luc), Ha Noi, 2008.
