THAI^H PHAIV CAC LOAI TRAI IVLTOC IMGOT msbryacancha %iMB%OJ>l 1 9 0 0 [UMOlMOmA;
AMBLEl^lDAEJ O SOIXIG DOIVG IXIAI
Le Thi LugmS Pham Van Mien^ Hodng Diic Huy^
TOMTAT
K^t qua ngbien ciiu thanh phan cac loai trai niroc ngot Pilsbryoconcha la mot phan ket qua nghien ciiu thanh phan loai va dae U-img phan bo cua cac loai ddng vat day khong xitong sdng co 1™ lam co sd phan tich danh gia chat lupng nude a song Dong Nai. Trong 7 loai va loai phu da xac dinh duoc, loai P. lemeslei cd phan bd hep hon cac loai con lai, chi tim thay d 2 ddng chay khong bi tac dong ciia thiiy tri^u nhu sdng La Nga, sdng Mang, loai P. suilla va P. compressa duoc ghi nhan la loai chinh thiic va it gap hon 4 loai va loai phu P. expressa, P. exih's exilis va P. exilis compressa. P. cariniiera. Khoa phan loai ciia Brandt 1974 dugc bd sung de phan loai cac loai duoc dieu tra. O cac cho dia phuong, luong trai co nguon gdc danh bdt b sdng Ddng Nai it nhat, cbti y^u den tu sdng Mekong, sdng Ray va hd Tri An.
Tif khda: Pilsbiyoconcha, songDongNai, traiOUCK:nggt.
1 . GIQi THIEU
Viee xdc dinh dugc thdnh phdn va edc dae tinh phan bd cua cac lodi thiiy sinh ddng vai trd nen tang trong nhiem vu quan trdc thuy sinh b sdng Ddng Nai.
Tuy nhien, cac du lieu ve cac nhdm tiiuy sinh vat d sdng Ddng Nai vdn chua dugc nghien ciiu day du.
Bai bdo nay trinh bdy mgt phan ket qud nghidn ctiu dieu tra thdnh phan lodi va dae trtmg phan bd ciia cac lodi ddng vat ddy khdng xuong sdng ed Ion, eu the eho gidng trai sdng Pilsbryoconcha Simpson 1900 b sdng Dong Nai dupe tien hdnh trong qua trinh quan trdc thiiy smh vat cho nhiem vu "Quan trdc nude mat" vd "Quan trdc tram tieh" tren dia ban tinh Ddng Nai trong nhimg nam 2014-2016.
2 . PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 2.1. Vi tri nghidn ciiu
JfS
Hinh 1. Vi tri nghifin ciiu
' Tmng tam Quan trac va Ky thuat moi trudng Ddng Nai - Vien Khoa hpc Mdi trudng va Phat trien (VESDEC)
^Trudng Dai hoc Khoa hoc Tir nhien TP. HCM Email: lethiluom510@gmail com
Sdng Dong Nai tu bdn dd Nam Cdt Tien (11''24' 41.50"N 107°25'33.58"E) den xa Long Tan (10°46'37.48"N 106°51'2.55"E) (Hinh 1).
2.2. Riirong phdp thu mau - di^u ti*a thyc dia Thu true tidp bdng 4 gau Petersen dien tieh 0,025 m^ tai mdi didm. Thu gian tiep ttr ngu dan, tieu thuong. Bao quan khd va ngam fomandehyt 5%; mdu luu d trtmg tam Quan trdc va Ky Thuat Mdi trudng Ddng Nai.
2.3. Phuong phdp phan tieh - dinh danh Mdu vat duoe nghien, dinh loai theo cac tai lieu [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [81.
3 . KET QUA NGHIEN CUU VA THAO LUAN 3.1. Thdnh phan loai
Dieu tra tii ngu dan va tieu thuong da cho fhay luong ti-ai d cde cho' dia phuong den tii 4 ngudn: sdng Ddng Nai, ho Tri An, sdng Ray, sdng Mekong. Ket qua phan tich hinh thai da xae dinh dugc tdng cdng 7 loai vd lodi phu (hinh 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8).
He thdng phan loai hgc dtrgc sdp xep tiieo thii tir [1] Phyllum: Mollusea / Class: Bivalvia/ Order:
Unionoida STOLICZKA, 1871 (-Unioniformes) / Family: Unionidae RAFINESQUE, 1820 / Genus:
/•zfe/jijoconc/M SIMPSON 1900.
Dua vao khda phan loai cua Brandt 1974 vdi dae di^m ve ty le chidu cao: dai va chidu cao canh dudi, dae diem ve do day cua vd duoc bo sung de phan bidt cac lodi cdn lai.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 1/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Khoa phin loai gidng Blsbryoconcha SIMPSON 1900
Cac chii vi^t tdt: L = (Length) chieu ddi cua vd, H= (Height) chieu cao vd.
LL:H~ 2 , 5 - 3 : 1 P. lemeslei L:H<2,5:1 2 2. Canh dudi thap, vd thon ddt 4
Canh dudi cao 3 3. Canh dudi rdt eao, ddu rdt nhd, canh dudi nhon P- cariniiera
Canh dudi thap hon, miii nhon dudi ngan, cut P- expressa
4. Canh Itmg lom phia dinh P. suilla Canh Itmg thdng 5 5. Vo day, canh Itmg hm cong ddn vd phia dudi P- compressa
Vo mdng, canh lung thang 6. P. exilis 6. Canh bung hot eong hoae hm thdng ngang P. exihsexllis
Canh btmg gan thang ngang, h d Idm b giua P. exiUs compressa
3.2. Dae di^m hmh thdi
3.2.1 Pilsbiyoconcha lemesleiMOWlXT (Hinh 2) Chan loai: Vd hep thon dai, chidu ddi vd gap khoang 2,5 den 3 lan chi^u cao Idn nhat ctia vd. Canh bung va canh dudi thang ngang gan song song.
Md td: Vd hep mdng keo ddi hinh chtr nhat, canh Itmg va canh bung thang gan song song nhau, dudng sinh truong thd vd manh, viing dinh bi gam mon. Canh lung ve phia dudi eong dan v^ mui nhon dudi. Mat vd mdu xam den mdu nau den. Xa cir mdu trang xanh, anh ngu sdc d mep vd, Idng vd mdu trdng hong. Vet eo bam phia trudc nho hon phia sau.
3.2.2 Pilsbiyoconcha cariniiera CONRAD, 1837 (Hinh 3)
Chan loat: Vd khdng can ddi, ednh dudi nhd kha
• cao.
Md ta: Vo mong, khdng can ddi, phan ddu hep, rat nho so vdi phdn dudi. Canh lung v^ phia dudi huong Idn tao thdnh canh nhd kha cao. Mat vd thd, mau vang nau ddn nau den. Vung dinh bt gam mdn.
Xa cir mdu trang dnh ngti sac. Vet co bam rd.
Hinh thai cua lodi nay ed bt^n doi b eanh bung, canh lung tao 4 dang bidn doi khde nhau nhu d hinh 3.
3.2.3. Pilsbiyoconcha expressa von Martens, 1900 (Hinh 4)
Chan loai; Vd ngdn, canh dudi cao, canh dau vuot trdn, mui nhon dudi ngdn, cut.
Md ta: Vd mdng, ngdn, hinh tning, phdn dau nhd so vdi phdn dudi. Canh lung thang htrdng Idn tao thdnh canh nhd d phia dudi, miii nhgn dudi ngdn, ctit, chiic xudng dudi. Mat vd thd, mau vdng nau ddn nau den. Viing dinh bi gam mdn. Xd cii mdu trang xanh anh ngu sdc, dinh long vd nga mdu vang.
3.2.4. Pilsbiyoconcha sudla MARTENS, 1902 (Hmh 5)
Chdn loai: Vd thon dai, canh Itmg phong, hoi 1dm vd phia dinh, phia sau hoi go len tao canh rat thap.
Md ta; Vd thon dai hinh chii nhat. Canh Itmg ve phia dudi hoi go cong tao thdnh canh nhd thap. Mui nhgn dudi chiic xudng. Mat vd mau vang nau. Dinh vd canh lung phong, hoi 1dm v^ phia dinh, thay ro nhiing nep van thd do bi gam mdn. Xd cir mau xanh dnh ngu sde, long dinh vd chuyen thdnh mdu hong do. Vet CO bdm ndng. Lodi nay cd 2 dang hinh thdi duoc minh hoa d hinh 5.
3.2.5. Pilsbiyoconcha compressa MARTENS, 1860 (Hinh 6)
Chan loai: Vd ddy, ednh dudi thap, hinh ellip hoi phinh d dudi, canh bung 1dm d giua thon dai hinh ddy eUp hod phinh b dudi.
Md ta; Vd day hinh ehp hoi phinh d phia dudi, canh bung gan thing ngang, 1dm d giua. canh lung hoi cong ddn ve phia dudi tao thdnh canh thap. Mui nhon dudi nam thap ve phia bung. Dinh vd bi gam mdn, vet gam mdn Idn, thay rd cac dudng sinh trudng khdng d^u. Dudng ban le giiia hai manh vd hoi bi udn lugn dot nggt d phan dinh. Vd day, dudng sinh trudng thd. Xd ctr mdu trang, dinh long vd ehuyen mdu hdng.
3.2.d Pilsbiyoconcha exihsLEA, 1939 Dua tren dae tinh ve chi6u cao canh, nhan thay lodi nay ehi gom 2 lodi phu P. exiUs exilis va P. exilis compressa.
Pilsbiyoconcha exilis exilis LEA, 1939 (Hmh 7)
NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 1/2019 81
Chan loai: Canh dudi t h ^ , vo hep thon dai, mep canh bung hoi eong.
Md ta: Vo mdng, thudn dai hinh elip. Canh lung thang hoi hudng len tren ve phia dudi tao ednh dudi thap. Dudng sinh trudng tho vd manh, b eac con truong thdnh cd mdu xanh tren duong van vo. Vet gam mdn tren dinh mong. Xd ctr mau trdng xanh, dnh ngu sde. P. exih's co hai dang bien ddi tao goc giira eanh lung va eanh dudi vd dang miii nhgn duoi tao duoi bi vat cong vd phia lung.
3.2.7. PUsbryoconcha exih's compressa BRANDT, 1974 (Hmh 8)
Chan loai: Vo mdng, canh dudi thap, thon ddi hinh elip hoi phinh cr dudi, canh bung 1dm d giua.
Md ta: Vd mdng hinh ehp hoi phinh d phia dudi, canh bung gdn thdng ngang, 1dm 6 giua. Canh lung thdng, hudng len tao thanh canh thap b phia dudi. Vd mdng, dudng smh trudng thd vd manh, Vtmg dinh bi gam mdn.
Hinh 2. Vd trai va phm cua Pilsbiyoconcba lemeslei Morlet, 1875; a-b: mdu d sdng La Nga - D6ng Nai; c-
d: mdu a sdng Mang - Binh Phuoc
Hinh 3. Vo trdi vd phai cua PUsbryoconcha carinifei^
Conrad, 1837; a-b: dang 1 dugc Simpson (1914) x^p thanh loai P. Imguaeforis (Morelet); c-d: dang 2; e-£
dang 3; g-h: dang 4. Cac dang 2,3,4 d u ^ Haas ) chinh 1^ va minh hpa vdi t6n /^ Imguaefonnis
Morelet va doi thanh P. carinikra.
ffinh 4. Vo trdi va phai ciia Pikbryoa>DdiB expressa von Marijcns 190(^ ani: dang 1 a sdng M6 Kong); eh:
dgng 2 cr song Dong Nai
Hinh 5. Vo trai ra phai ciia I^bryocoBcha suilla von Martens 1902; a-b: dang 1 cr song La N g a ; c-d: dang 2
b sdng Md Kong
Hinh 6. Vo trai va phai cua Pilsbiyoamcba compressa von Martens 1860
Hinh 7. Vo trdi va phai ciia Pilsbiyoconcha exilis ,1839
82 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2-THANG 1/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Hinh 8. Vo trdi vd phai cua Blsbryoconcha exilis compressa Brandt, 1974
3.3. Sir phdn b6 df sdng D6ng Nai
Q sdng Dong Nat, cae loai Pilsbryoconcha duoc bdt gap tii khu vuc Bdn Gd (xa An Hda- Bien Hda Dong Nai) ngugc v^ phia thuong ngudn. Chting xudt hien d nhiing vi tri ddng ehdy eham, n4n ddy ehii yeu la biin eat tao thdnh ede khu vue khai thac tu nhien d Ben Gd, lang ca Be (eii lao Cd), eae ddng nhdnh do vao ho Tri An (cau La Nga).
Loai P. lemeslei CO sd Itrgng it (4 mdu) duoe tim thay b sdng La Nga thude ve tinh Binh Thuan nam 2014 (hinh 2a, b). Tuy nhidn lodi ndy duoe thu nhieu hon d sdng Mang - Binh Phudc vdi sd lugng hon 20 mdu trong bg suu tap cd nhan- Pham Van Mien nam 2012 trong qua trinh thuc hien nhiem vu da dang sinh hoc d tinh Binh Phudc (hinh 2c, d). Chua tim g§p duoe chting d ddng ehinh sdng Ddng Nai, sdng Mekong. Cd the xem chting cd phan bd hep, d nhung ddng chay nude nggt hoan todn, khdng chiu su tae ddng cua thuy trieu.
Cde lodi P. suilla, P. compressa vdi eae dae diem nhan dang rieng biet ed the xac nhan su cd mat
ehinh thtrc ciia ehung. Loai Pilsbryoconcha suihavbi dae diem mep eanh lung ctia vd hoi lom ve phia tiirdc o viing dinh vd tiling vdi md td trong eae tai heu [7], [8] ma khdng cd hinh minh hga. Loai P compressa khde vdi P. exih's va P. canniferb dae tinh hai manh vd day, hoi cong gdn gidng vd Pseudodon. Mdu vat tiiu duo'c d sdng Ddng Nai cd 1 mdu gidng vdi hinh ve da dupe Hass [3] ve mmh hga chiing duge xem la loai rieng. Ca hai lodi duge tim thay vdi sd lugng it hon so vdi eac loai cdn lai cimg ed phan bd d ea sdng Mekong va sdng Ddng Nai (bdng 2).
3.4. Dae di^m phan bd so vdi sdng Ray, sdng Mekong
Ket qua di^u tra d cde cho' dia phuong cho thay lugng trai dc b sdng Ddng Nai chu ydu duoc khai thac d hd Tri An. Phdn Idn lugng tiiuy san duoe budn ban d cac cho dia phuong dgc sdng Dong Nai dtrgc cung cap tii hd Tri An, sdng Ray va sdng Mekong theo thii ttf giam dan sdng Mekong > sdng Ray > hd Tn An > sdng Ddng Nai.
Thanh phdn edc lodi Pilsbryoconcha dugc ghi nhan deu xudt hien d sdng Ddng Nai va sdng Mekong vdi sy xuat hien day dii edc hinh thai lodi da dugc edng bd d cde nude khu vuc Ddng Nam A. Dua tren sd lugng mdu da phan tieh dugc ghi nhan d bdng 1, cde loai P. exilis, P. cariniiera, P. exxpressa cd phan bd phd bien, dd bat gap hon P. compressa, P.
suilla.
B a n g l . Tdng cdth^
Loai Pilsbiyoconcha exih's Lea P. compressa Martens P. cariniiera Conrad P. lemeslei Morelet P. expressa von Martens P. suilla von Marten
Tong edthe 67 4 86 4 48 4
va phdn bo eae lo Sdng Ddng Na
+
+ -1-
+ +
di theo cac thuy Sdng Ray
-I-
+ rac
Ho Tri An
-H
+
-1-
Sdng Mekong
+ + +
+ + 4. KFT LUAN
Ket qua nghien ciiu da ghi nhan 6 loai f^sbiyoconcha lemeslei P compressa. P. expressa, P.
carinifem, P. suilla. PUsbryoconcha., P. exiUs, trong dd CO hai loai phu Id P. exUis exilis, P. exilis compressa.
Lodi P. lemeslei CO phan bd hep hon eae loai edn lai, chi tim thay d 2 ddng chay khdng bi tac ddng ctia thuy tridu nhu La Ngd, sdng Mang. Cac lodi cdn lai cd phan bd phd bien d sdng Ray, sdng Ddng Nai, sdng Mekong.
^ONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 1/2019
Cac lodi P. suilla, P. compressa dugc xdc nhan su ed mat chinh thuc vd it gap hon so vdi ede lodi cdn lai. Cac loai PUsbryoconcha exihs, P. cariniiera, P.
exxpressa cd phan bd pho bien vd cd nhieu bien doi hinh thdi khac nhau d edc luu vuc sdng Mekong, sdng Dong Nai.
0 sdng Ddng Nai ede loai Pilseoneha dugc bdt gap tii khu vuc Ben Gd (xa An Hda- Bien Hda Dong Nai) ngugc v^ phia thuong ngudn; lugng trai dirge ban d cde cho giam dan tu sdng Mekong > sdng Ray
> ho Tri An > sdng Dong Nai.
LOICAMON
Cong trinh nghien cdu dupe tid'n hanh trong qua trinh thuc hidn nhidm vu Quan trie mroc mat ti-dn dia ban dnh Dong Nai. Xin chan thanh cam on ban lanh dao Trung tam Quan trie va Ky thuat Moi tnrdng tinh Dong Nai da hd trp' chung tor Cam on em Nguydn Hoang Phii, Dao Minh Phap da giup dd ve cdng viec dSbai vid't nay hoan thanh.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Brandt R. A. M., 1974. The non-marine aquatic Mollusea of Thailand. Archiv. h t ' r MoUuskenkunde.
3. Haas F., 1910. The Unionidean revision and continuation of the Kuter and Clessm monographs of Unio and Anodonta. library of tiie Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. ((German:
Die Unioniden- Neubearbeitiing und Fortsetzung der Kutersehen schen und Clessinschen Monographien von Unio und Anodonta).
4. Haas F., 1969. Superfamilia Unionacea. Das Tierreich Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin. 88, 381- 383.
5. Martens, E. V., 1902. New Unionidaen from Tonkm and Annam Gazette of tiie Germans.
Malakozoologischen Gesellsechaft, Frankfurt am Main (German: Neue Unionidaen aus Tonkin und Annam Naehrichtsblatt der Deutschen).
6. Simpson C. T., 1900. Synopsis of the Naiades, or Pearly Fresh-water Musels. Proceeding of tiie United States National Museum United States National Museum, Goverment printing office.
7. Simpson C. T., 1914. A descriptive catalogue of the naiades, or pearly fresh- water mussels Parts I- III. Bryant Walker Deti-oit, Michigan. The Ann Arbor Press.
8. Dang Nggc Thanh, Thdi Tran Bdi, Pham Van Midn, 1980. Dmh loai ddng vat khdng xuong sdng nude nggt Bdc Viet Nam. NXB Khoa hgc vd Ky thuat 2. Graf D. L. & Gumming K. S., 2007. Review of
the systematics and global diversity of freshwater mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionoida). Joumal of Molluscan Stiidies, 73: 291-314.
COMPOSITION OF FRESH WATER MUSSEL, PUsbryoconcha SIMPSON 1900 (UNIONOIDA; AMBLEMIDAE), IN DONG NAI RIVER
Le Thi Luom, Pham Van Mien, Hoang Due Huy Summary
The research Ondings regarding die composition of Pilsbryoconcha, a fresh water mussel, is a part of the study into the composition and typical distnbuUon of macroinvertebrate population as the database for analyzing and assessing the water quality in Dong Nai nver. Among the seven species and subspecies identified, Pilsbryoconcha lemeslei has a narrower distribution than the others, mainly found in two currents not affected by tide such as La Nga and Mang nvers. P. suilla and P. compressa are now confirmed as a valid species, but they are less spotted than four other species and subspecies, namely P. expressa, P.
exilisexilis, P. exits compressa and P. cariniiera. The 1974 Brandt's identification key is also applied to categorize all the investigated species. At tbe local markets, the number of mussel originally from Dong Nai river IS by far the smallest; instead, Ihey are mainly caught in Mekong river, Ray river and Tn An lakes.
Keywords: Pilsbiyoconcha, Dong Nai nver, desh water mussel.
Ngudi phan bidn: GS.TS. Mai Dinh Ydn Ngay nhan bdi: 21/6/2018 Ngay thdng qua phan bi^n: 23/7/2018 Ngay duyet dang: 30/7/2018
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 1 /2019
