BAO DAM s a PHAT TRIEN BENVONG

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^{DIEN CAN}

NHONGNHANTO

BAO DAM sa PHAT TRIEN BEN V O N G

• PGS.TS NGO NGOC THANG Hoc vien Ciiinh tri Khu vuc I

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u tudng vg phdt trign xa hfii dd cd tii sdm, trong cdc hgc thuygt trigt hpc vg nhdn sinh, xd hgi vd nhiing tde phdm cua cdc nhd tu tudng chinh tri thdi cd dai d ca phuong Tdy (Hy Lap - La Md) vd phirong Ddng (TrangQudc-AnDd). Neu nhu d phuong Tdy, cac hpc thuygt ve su phdt trign thugng hudng dgn khdm phd cac quy luat tu nhign, chinh phuc va lam chu tu nhien, thi o phuong Ddng lai cd xu hudng di tim ttigt ly phdt trien trong Unh vuc xa hpi, trong nhdng van dg Ugn quan dgn con ngudi, tap tnmg su chu y vdo vdn de tri quoc, an dan. Theo ttigt ly "Tam tai"

phuong Dong, mudn ton tai vd phdt trign cdn phai cd "thien thdi - dia lpi - nhdn hda", trong do "ddc nhdn tdm" - thu phuc ldng ngudi, phat huy ygu to con ngudi - dugc coi Id chia khda cua su thanh cdng d cd cap do cd nhdn vdxdhpi.

SangthgkyXX, ttong mdt thdi gian ddi, quan niem vg su phat dign dugc ddng nhat vdi tang tiirdng kmh te, ddnh gid thdng qua cdc chi so:

tdng san pham ttong nudc (GDP) hoac tdng sSn pham quoc dan (GNP) va binh quan thu nhdp ddu ngudi. Chiu dnh hudng cua quan nigm ttgn, nhigu qufic gia da tim cdch thuc day tang trudng kinh tg ndng vfii dua ttgn su khai thde eae ngudn tdi nguygn hien cd. Kgt qua la, ben canh su giau cd, phdn vinh, tang thu nhdp, thda mdn nhu cdu vdt chdt cho mdt bg phdn dan cu, nhigu qudc gia da phai ddi mat vdi nhung van de nan gidi nhu: khiing hoang moi tnrdng tu nhign, can kiet tai nguyen, gia tang khde biet xa hdi, mat dn dinh chinh tri... vd gdp phdn lam cho nhiing van dg todn cdu ttd ngn gay gdt hon, de dga su sdng cua nhan loai.

Tnrdc thuc ttang tten, cuoi thg ky XX, Lien Hpp qufic dd dua raytuong phat trign bgn viing nhu la mdt su digu chinh, bo sung can thigt va httuichchoquanniemphat trign tmygn thfing.

Theo do, phdt trign ben vting ditgc higu Id su phat trien ldnh manh, lau ddi, "vira ddp ung nhting nhu cdu cua hien tai md khdng gdy tr6 ngai cho vigc ddp ling nhu cdu cua cdc the M mai sau". Tuy nhien, ngay sau khi quan niem phdt tiign bgn vung noi tten chinh thuc dupc thua nhdn tai Hdi nghi thirpng dinh vg mdi ti™ng vd su phdt trien cua Lien Hgp qudc t6 Chile tai Rio de Janeho (Braxm-1992), mfit sg

LfLUAN CHfNH TR;-So 6/2014

hpc gid eho rdng, quan nilm tren vdn chua ddy du, mdi chl tap trung vdo mdi lign he giiia mdi trudng sinh thai, tdi nguygn thign nhien vd tang trudng kinh tl. Phdt triln ben vung phdi Id sy ddng tiln hda cua ty nhiln vd xa hdi trong mpt chinh thi tu nhign - xd hdi, do dd phdi bao gdm 3 mdt coban la: kinh tl, mdi trudng vd xa hdi.

Md rdng hon niia, cd y kiln cho rdng, phdt triln bin virng d gdc dp khde khdng nen chi dupc tilp can tu gdc dd kinh t l hay bao vl mdi trudng sinh thai, ma nd edn can phai dupc nhin nhdn tti gdc d0 xd hdi vd van hda, vi phdt triln kinh tl vd phat trien van hda, xd hdi cd mdi liln he huTJ CO. Kinh te ehi cd the phdt triln bin viing trong sy phdt triln hdi hda vl ca van hda vdxahOi-

Tilp can khdi niem phdt triln bin viing a gdc dp khde, mdt sd bpc gia cbi ra rdng: ba tru cpt tao nen sy phdt triln bin vung cua xd hdi hiln dgi la nhd nudc, xa hdi cdng dan va thi tnrdng.

Cd nhiing y kiln bd sung try edt thii tu Id mdi trudng sinh thdi, tao thanh "ed xe tii ma" tren con dudng dua nhan lo^ phdt triln bin viing, hai hda.

Nhu vdy, thay vi ddng nhat phat triln vdi tdng trudng kinh tl, hay mdi md rdng din mdi trudng tu nhign, edc quan nilm vl phdt trien da chu y nhieu hon din sy phdt triln ddng bd, hdi hda eiia tat ca ede linh vye, cac yeu td, cac bp p h ^ cdu thdnh ddi sdng xa hdi. Tilu chi ea ban de ddnh gid sy phdt trien bin vizng Id: tdng trudng kinh t l dn dinh; thuc hiln tiln bd vd edng bdng xa hpi; khai thde hpp Iy, su dyng tigt kiem tai nguygn thign nhien; bdo ve vd ndng eao chat lupng mdi trudng sdng. Con ngudi dupe dat vao trui^ tdm eua sy phdt diln bin vung: phdt trien do eon ngiroi vd vi eon ngudi trong mdi quan he cdng sinh, hai hda vdi ty nhign.

Trong xu thi chung eua thdi dai, cdn cii vdo nhu cau va dilu kien cua dat nudc, \riet Nam dd

lua chpn con dirdng phat triln bin vting. Phdt triln ben viing trd thdnh tu tudng chu dgo trong chinh saeb vd chiln lupc phdt triln cua Viet Nam, dupe the hiln va qudn triet trong ede Van kiln eua Dang, cdc chuong trinh hdnh ddng cua Chinh phii, cam kit cua Viet Nam vdi qudc te.

Dinh hudng chiin luoc phat triin bin vdng d Viet Nam {theo Quyet dinh sd 153/2004/QD- TTg ngdy 17-8-2004 eua Thu tudng Chinh phu) va Chiin luoc phit ttiin kinh ti- xa hoi 2011 - 2020 duoc thdng qua tai Dai hdi XI cua Dang la nhirng vdn kien quan trpng thi hien dilu dd.

Con dudng phdt triln ciia Vilt Nam hien nay diln ra trong bdi cdnh trong nudc va qudc t l phlic tap, vira ed nhung nhdn td tich cue, nhiing ea hdi phdt trien, vira cd nhiing nhan td bat dn, tieu cue, can trd, kim hdm hoac Iam chech hudng phdt triln. Su phdt triln ben virng cua Vilt Nam hiln nay cd dupc bdo dam hay khdng tuy thudc vdo vile nhdn thiic vd gidi quyet nhiing nhdn td sau:

Mot la, thuc hiin tang tmdng vi phit ttiin kinh tiii nin tang ciia phit tnin ben vdng

Dang ta khdng dinh: phai phdt triln kinh te theo hudng phdt triln bin vung, trong dd chd y den khia eanh bao ve mdi tnrong sinh thdi vd xa bdi, gdn vdi xda ddi gidm nghlo, thuc bien tiln bd vd edng bdng xd hdi. Vi vay, cdn phdt trien kinh te theo md hinh kinh t l thi trudng dinh hirdng XHCN, kit hpp ddi mdi kinh te vdi ddi mdi chinh tri. Trdi qua gan 30 ndm ddi mdi, chiing ta da thu dupe nhilu thanh tuu to ldn, tao thi vd luc de budc vao giai doan phdt trien mdi; tilm lyc kinh te dupe ndng cao, ddt nudc thodt ra khdi tinh trang ddi nghlo, kem phat triln, trd thdnh nudc dang phdt triln cd thu nhdp trung binh. Tuy nhien, nin kinh t l eiing dang diing trude nhilu khd khan, thach thue nhir kinh t l phdt triln chua bin vimg, chat lupng tdng tnrdng, nang sudt, hieu qua, sire

LVLUAN CHfNH TRI-So 6/2014

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^{DIEN DAN}

canh tranh thdp; tang tnrdng kinh t l van dua nhilu vdo cac ylu td phat triln theo chilu rdng;

siic sdn xudt ehua dupc giai phong trilt dl; kit cau ha tang phdt trien chdm, chdt lupng thap, thieu ddng bp; nen tang dl \^et Nam trd thdnh nude cdng nghiip theo hudng hien dai chua dupc hinh thanh ddy du; the che kinh t l thi tnrdng djnh hudng XHCN budc ddu dtrpe xay dung vd hodn thien, nhimg chua theo kip yeu cau phat triln... Trong dd, ndi bat baylutd cdn trd sy phdt trien la: thi chl kinh te thi trudng (ddc biet la mdi tmdng canh tranh); chdt lupng ngudn nhdn lue; kit cau ha tang. Vi vay, trong Chiin luge phat ttiin kinh ti - xa hdi 2011 - 2020, Dang ta xac dinh: phai thyc hien ba dot phd ehiln lupc Id: hodn thign thi ehl kinh t l thi trudng dinh hudng XHCN, trpng tam la tao lap mdi trudng canh tranh binh ddng vd eai each banh chinh; phdt triln nhanh ngudn nhdn lye, nhdt la ngudn nhan lyc chat lupng cao gdn vdi phdt triln va ung dyng khoa hpc - cdng nghg;

xdy dung he thdng kit cdu ha tdng ddng bd vdi mpt sd cong tririh hien dai, tap trung vdo he thdng giao thdng vd ha tang dd thi ldn.

Hai la, tao lip mdi tnidng chinh tri - xa hoi dn dinh, linh manh li diiu kiin tien quyit cda phat ttien ben vung.

Mpt qudc gia mudn phat triln ben vting tiirde hit phdi cd mdi trudng chinh tri - xa hpi dn djnh, Idnh manh. Cudc khung hoang kinh t l - xd hdi d nhilu nude, nhat la nhung sy kiln dang diln ra d cdc nudc A rap Bdc Phi va Trung Ddng hien nay da ehung minh dilu dd. Theo quan diem cua chu nghla Mac - LInin, chinh tri la bilu hien tap trung cua kinh tl, kinh t l quy dinh ehinh tri, nhung chinh tri cfing cd tde dpng ti-d lai kinh t l theo ca hudng tieh cyc vd tieu cue. Chinh tri cd vai trd dan ddt, dinh hudng phat tiiln kinh t l va cac Hnh vyc khac thdng qua dudng ldi, chii truong cua Ddng edm

quyln vd chinh sdch, phap luat cua nha nudc.

Cbinh tri dung ddn, ldnh manh ddng vai tr6 dilu chinh, dinh hudng, hd trp tich cue cho phdt triln ben vting va ngupc lai. Nhiing su mdt dn dinh, thay ddi vl cbinh tri thudng ddn din nhirng ddo ldn, bdt dn vl xd hdi. Vi vay. Dang ta ehd truong duy tri vd dam bao sy dn dinh chinh tri coi ddy Id tien dl, dilu kiln eho phdt triln bin viing, trong do cd phdt triln kuib tl.

On dinh ehinh tri khdng chi thi hiln d viec bao dam va duy tri sy lanh dao ciia Dang ddi voi ddt nude, md theo mdt y nghla rdng ldn va sdu xa hon la duy tri mdt mdi trudng xd hdi thuan lpi cho sy phdt trien ben vung. Thuc tiln cho thay, trong nhiing ndm ddi mdi, nhd nhiing cd gdng cua Dang, Nha nirdc vd ea he thdng cbinh tri, bgn canh nhiing thanh tyu trong phdt triln kinh te, ehung ta dd tao ldp va duy tri dupc moi trudng cbinh tri - xa hdi thudn lpi eho phat triln bin viing. Dan chu trong xa hdi tilp tuc duoc md rpng, chinh tri - xa hpi dn dinh, quoc phdng, an ninh dup^ giii viing. Dai dodn kit cdc dan tde duoc tang eudng. Vai trd cda Mat tran Td qudc, edc doan tbi nhan ddn vd eac to chue phi chinh phu dupc phat huy. Tuy nhien, van dang tiem an nhiing ylu td gay mat dn dinh chinh tri - xa hdi: cdi each hanh chinh con cham, thu tuc hanh chinh edn nhieu philn ha, vudng mac; tham nhiing, Iang pbi cdn nghiem trpng; quyln ldm chu eua nhdn dan cbua dupc phdt huy day du, ky ludt, ky cuong chua nghiim. De khde phye tinh trang trin, pbdi xdy dyng Dang va Nhd nudc phdp quyen XHCN trong sach, viing manh, gdn bd mat thilt vbi nhan ddn vd tang cudng khdi dai doan kit toan dan tpc. Ddng thdi, phai thye hiln ddng bd, c6 bilu qud cae nhiem vy phdt triln kinh tl, van hda, xa hdi, chdm Io ddi sdng cua nhan dan, thyc nhiln tdt nhiem vu qudc phdng, an ninh vd ddi ngoai.

LYLUAN CHfNH TRI-So 6/2014

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Ba la, phit huy cao dd ba nhin td ca bin, then chdt: sulinh d^o cua Dang, suquin lycua Nha nudc vi quyin lam chu cua nhin dan.

Trong qud trmh ddi mdi d nudc ta da hinh thdnh CO che "Dang lanh dao, Nhd nudc qudn if, r±[an dan Idm chii". Do Id nhirng nhan to coban, gdn bd htiu co, tuong tde Idn nhau, tao ngn siic mgnh tdng hpp, dua din nhiing thanh tyu to ldn eua sy nghiep ddi mdi. Dd cung chinh Id eo chl nhdm phdt huy nhiing yeu td ehu quan va vai trd eua nhiing chu thi cbinb ylu nhat, dam bdo sy phdt triln bin viing ciia ddt nude. Dang ldnh dao, dl ra eae chu truong, dudng ldi, dinh hudng cho su phdt triln; Nha nude dung eac cdng cy quan ly dl phdt huy cdc ngudn luc, khoi day siic manh cua nhdn ddn, tao dieu kien dl nhdn ddn phat huy ti'nh tich eye, chu ddng, sdng tao va lam chd; nhan dan tich cyc tham gia vdo cong tde xdy dyng Dang, edng viec quan ly xd hdi cua Nhd nudc, ddng thdi phdn bien, giam sdt hoat ddng cda cae co quan Ddng, Nhd nudc vol tu each ehu nhdn cua xd hdi, eua dat nudc. Khdng cd sy tdn tai, phdi hpp hogt ddng CO hi$u qud cda ba chu thi, ba nhdn t6 thi ddt nudc khdng thi phdt triln, cdng khdng thi ndi din phdt triln bin viing. Vi vay, de phdt triln bin viing, phdi thiet ke, xay dyng cho dupe nhung thiet chl phu hpp, tap su gdn kit vd phdt huy cao nhdt hieu qua cua ca ehl Dang Idnh dgo, nha nudc quan Iy, nhan dan lam chu, qua do nang eao vai trd Idnh dao, cam quyln cua Dang; ndng cao hieu lyc qudn I^, dilu hdnh, td chirc thye hien cua Nha nudc vd phdt huy ddy du quyln lam ehu cua nhdn dan.

Bdn la, phit huy tdi da nhan tdcon ngudi; coi con ngudi li chil thi, ngudn luc chu yiu vi la muc tiiu cua suphit ttiin.

Ddy cung chinh la mOt trong nam quan dilm phdt triln ed y nghia ehi dao xuyin sudt

trong Chiln luac phat trien kinh te - xd hdi 2011 - 2020. Phat triln bin vung tuy thudc vdo nhilu nhan td, song nhan td ca ban cd y nghia quyet dinh, chi phdi ede nhan td khde, dd Id con ngtrdi, gdn vdi che dp chinh tri - xa hdi va vile td chiie, phdt huy nhdn td con ngudi trong sdn xuat va trong ddi sdng xa hdi. Vi vdy, trong dilu kien nudc ta hign nay, dl phdt triln bin viing phai cham lo phat huy tdi da nhdn td con ngudi, ldy eon ngudi ldm trung tam, nang eao chat lupng ngudn nhdn lyc, thilt thyc cham lo lpi ich vd bdo dam day dii quyln lam chu eua nhdn ddn, nhdm tgo ra ddng lye vd siic manh tdng hpp. Day cung Id mye tieu cao nhat cua sy phdt triln bin vung d nude ta.

Chiln lupc phdt triln kinh t l - xa hdi 2011 - 2020 nhan manh yeu cdu: "Ndng eao ndng luc vd tao eo chl dl nhdn ddn thyc hien day du quyln lam chu, nhat la dan chu trye tiep dl phdt huy manh me mpi khd nang sdng tao vd bao dam ddng thudn cao trong xa hdi, tao ddng luc phdt triln dat nude"'"; eoi phdt triln nhanh ngudn nhdn luc, nhat la ngudn nhdn lue chat lupng cao gdn kit chdt che vdi phdt triln va ling dung khoa hpc - cdng nghl Id mdt trong nhiing dot phd chiln lupc, la ylu td quylt dinh de co cau lai nen kinh tl, chuyin ddi md binh tang trudng va nang cao nang luc canh tranh, bao dam sy phdt triln nhanh, hieu qua vd bin virng O

(1) DCSVN: VinkienDaibdidai bi^u toan qudclin thuXl, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Ndi, 2011, u. 100.

LfLUAN CHfNH TRI-So 6/2014