Tap chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN, Kinh te'va Kinh doanh 28 (2012) 261-268
Phat trien du lich nong thon a vung dong bang song Cuu Long:
Duong den ca cau kinh t§ dich vu - nong - cong nghiep
PGS. TS. Doan Thi My Hanh, ThS. Bui Thi Quynh Ngpc'
Khoa Qudn tri Kinh doanh, Tru&ng Dgi hpc M& Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh, 97 Vo Vdn Tdn, Qudn 3, 'Thanhphd H6 Chi Minh. Vi^tNam
Nhan ngay 17 thing 4 nim 2012
T6m tit. Budc sang the ky XXI. con ngucri khong chi quan tam dra viec co the lieu diing bao nhieu san pham va djch vu ma con rJt quan tam dSn chit lugng cuoc song. Xu hirong nay chinh la lien de cho loai hinh du lich xanh phat trien. mo ra co hpi cho cac nuoc kem phat trien von co nen kinh te dira vao nganh nong - lam - ngir nghiep c6 the chuyen dich nhanh co ciu kinh te lir nong nghiep sang djch vu.
Lieu viJng d6ng b5ng song Cihi Long co the chuyen dich co cdu kinh te theo xu huong nay khdng? Bai viet gioi thieu xu hircmg chuyen dich co cau kinh t^ cua cac nuoc iren the gioi. xu hudng tang truong nhu cau du Ijch Iren the gidi va d Viet Nam, phan lich tinh hinh tang truang kinh te va nganh du lich a vijng dong bSng s6ng Cihi Long. Tir do. bai vi^ gm y thay \ \ chi san xudt nong san, vung co the kinh doanh cic djch vu di ciing qua trinh san xuat dd cho du khach trai nghiem. Theo cich niy. co cau kinh Ie cua vimg co the chuyen dich sang dich vu - nong - cong nghiep.
Tir khoa: Co cau kinh 16. du Ijch nong thon. dong bang song Cuu Long.
1. D i n nh^p
Qua m^t thg ky phat trien, dien m?o nen kinh tk Xhi gidi da co nhiJng thay doi ro r?t.
Theo do, nhu cSu eua con nguoi ciing hinh thanh nhimg xu hudng mdi, khong ehi d cac nuae phat tri^n ma ea d nhung nude kem phat triln. Sau mpt thai ky dai c6 g^ng tang kh6i luang, trong thSp nien dau ciia th6 ky XXI, nhifiu qu6c gia, nhSt la eac nude phat trien da quan tam den viec tang eh^t lugng. Bd la do ng^y nay con ngudi khong chi quan tarn den viee cd thS tieu dijng bao nhifeu san pham va dich vu ma con rat quan tam den chat luoTig cupc s6ng nhu the nao. Ho da nhan ra r i n g cupc
• Tie gia hen he. DT 84-4-973217582 E-mail' ngocbq2002'g)yahoo com
song ehi that su hanh phiie khi dupe song trong mpt moi truong thien nhien trong lanh, eac hoat dpng van hda - x5 hpi da dang, duge cham soc sue khoe tot vk nhieu yeu to khac khong thS do ludng cu the bang vgt chat. Xu h u d i ^ nay chinh la tien de cho Ioai hinh du lich xanh phat trien nhanh chdng, md ra ca hpi eho cac nude kem phat trien von c6 nen kinh te dya vao nganh nong - lam - ngu nghiep cd the chuyen dich nhanh co cau kinh te tir nong nghiep sang dich vu.
Viing dong bang song Cuu Long v6n la viing san xuat nong nghiep Idn nhdt nude ta, lieu cd the ehuyen dich eo cau kinh te sang dich vu - nong - cdng nghiep thay vi cong - nong nghiep - dich vu hay khdng? Bai viit dua ra nhirng phan tich gdp phan tra Idi cho eau hoi da neu vdi each tiep can theo hudng sir dung hieu
262 D TJA. Hanh, B.T Q. Ngoc / Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN. Kinh teva Kmh doanh 28 (2012) 261-268
qua nguon lire cua viing bang each chuyen tir viee ehi id chuc san xuat de lam ra va ban cae san pham nong nghiep, tieu thu cong nghiep sang td ehirc cung cap cac dich vu di cimg qua trinh san xual do cho du khaeh trai nghiSm.
2. Xu h u d n g ehuyen dich eff eau kinh te va d o n g gop cua nganh du lich va GDP
Neu nhu, trong th6 ky XX nhiiu qudc gia da thuc Men ehuyen djch c o c i u kinh xi tir ndng - cdng nghiep sang edng - ndng nghiep va dua nen kinh le ciia cac nude nay phat trien mpt each than ky thi ngay nay dieu do khdng cdn
dugc coi la con dudng phai di de phat trien nira.
Bdi \'i. ngudi ta da nhan ra cai gia phai tra cho sir phat trian cong nghiep khdng re. Con ngudi khdng cdn dugc sdng trong mot moi trudng thien nhien trong lanh nhu trudc vi mdi tnrdng sinh thai bi d nhilm, ddng rupng bi bac mku, biln ddi khi hau, djch benh... Cac qudc gia phat triin di tim con dudng mdi, dd la chuyin dich CO eau kinh t i tii cdng - nong nghiep - dieh vy sang dich vu - cdng - ndng nghiep. Hi?n nay CO cau kinh te cua cae nude phat trien co ty trpng n g ^ h djch vu rit cao (72-79%), trong khi nganh ndng nghiep chiem ty trong rdt thSp ( 1 - 2%) (Bang I ) .
% tong san phan Djch\g Cong nghiep Nong nghiep Tong
Bang 1, Co cau kinh te cua mot so Qudc gia t quoc dan " ^ ^ ^ — - . ^ ^
nuoc phdt Anh
77 22 1 100
trien MJ
79 20 1 100
Phap
78 20 2 100
Nhat Ban
72 27 1 100
\gudn. World Bank (2010), World De\'elopmenl Indicators.
Ngugc Iai, d cac nude kem phdt trien, nganh ndng nghiep thudng chiem ty trpng kha cao trong co cau kinh te. vi du nhu Lao (36%), Nepal (38%). Viet Nam (20%)[5]. Ddi vdi Viet Nam. vung ddng bang sdng Cihi Long trudc n i m 2000 duge eoi la vimg kinh le thuan ndng vi gid tri san Iugng nganh nong - lam - ngu nghiep (nSm 2000) chiem din 52.8% trong tdng
gia tri san lugng ciia viing, trong khi nganh edng nghiep chi chiem 18%. So lieu Bang 2 cbo thay CO eau kinh Ie viing ddng bang sdng Ciru Long chuyen dieh theo hudng giam ty trpng nganh ndng - Iam - ngu nghiep, tang Iy trpng nganh dich vu va eong nghiep la hudng chuyin dich tuong ddng vdi hudng ehuyen dich hien nay ciia nhieu nen kinh t i tren t h i gidi.
Bang 2. Co cau kinh te viing dong hing sdng Ciiu Long (%) NSm
2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Nong Dghiep 52.8 48.1 46.1 4 3 J 40.8 38.7 41.5 39
Cone nghiep 18 21,5 22.7 24.5 26 27.3 24.3 26
Dich vu 29,2 30.3 31.1 32.3 33.2 34.0 35 Aguon: So lieu ihdng ke cic tinh [2.3].
D r j l i Hanh. B.T.Q. Ngoc I Tap chi Khoa hoc DH(^HN. Kmh teva Kinh doanli 28 (2012) 261-268
Trong nen kmh ti thuan ndng, nguoi nong dan khong c6 dieu kien thujln lgi de eai thien ddi song vi thu nhdp rat bap benh, nii ro ve thj trudng va dien biin bat thudng ciia thien nhien.
Vl vay, tdc dp tang trudng kinh ti Ihudng rit chgm, neu mudn day nhanh tdc dp phat triin can phai co ehinh sach chuyen dich ca ciu kinh te. Nbung chuyen dich theo hudng nao? Trudc day xu hudng chuyen dich la tir nong nghiep sang cdng nghiep va nhiiu nude phat triin ngay nay da tijmg di theo con duong dd Ax thanh cong. Tuy nhien, ngay nay thi gioi dang ehiing kien nhiJng bien ddi mdi trudng sinh thai, moi trudng xa hpi cd anh hudng khong tdt din su phat trien ciia nganh ndng nghiep va cudc sdng ciia ngudi dan ndng thdn. Mat khac, xa hoi cung rat can luong thuc, Ihuc pham, do dd nganh ndng nghiep phai duge duy tri va phat trien. Tuy nhien, neu chuyen dich co eau kinh le tir ndng nghiep sang djch vu vdi cae nganh
Bang 3. Thu nhip tir nganh du lich v
dich vu tai chinh - ngan hang, cdng nghe thdng tin, thim my, giai tri..., thi lieu co bao dam dugc chinh sach an ninh luong thuc? Vdi nhihig viing kinh te thuan ndng, phat triin du lich ndng thdn la con dudng thuan Igi nhit vi du lich ndng thdn sii dung nhiing ngudn luc sin cd, khdng ddi hdi nguon von diu tu qua Idn cung nhu thdi gian de dao tao nhan lire. Du lich ndng thon phat trien vira lam tang thu nhap eho ngudi dan ndng thdn, vira bao dam cung elp luong thue khong chi cho dan cu trong vimg ma eho ca nhirng viing khdng cd dieu kien thuan Igi de san xuat nong nghiep. Hon niia, nganh du lich vdn la mdt trong nhiing nganh kinh te cd tdc dp phat trien nhanh nhit, v^ khi nin kinh ti bj khimg hoang hay suy thoai thi day cung la nganh it bi anh hudng nhat. Nam 2011, mac dii tdc do tang trudng cua nen kinh te the gidi sut giam, Ihu nhap du lich vin tang 3,8% va dong gdp vao GDP loan the gidi 9% [6].
! t;"' le dong gop vao GDP Viet Nara
Nam Thu nhap tu' ng^nh du ijch (t>' USD) Ty li dong gop vao GDP (%) 20072008 2009 2010 2011
3.5 3.8
7-3
5.0
Nguon: ADB Fact sheet: Viemam Tourism Statistics. 2011.
Nganh du lich Viet Nam ciing phdt trien kha tdt, thu nhap tir nganh du lich nam sau cao hon nam trudc. NSm 2011, thu nhap tir nganh du lich Iang hon gip ddi so vdi nam 2007 (tir 3,5 ty USD Ien 7,3 ty USD) nhung chi Iam tSng ty le ddng gdp vao GDP tir 4,9% 16n 5% (Bang 3).
Trong khi dd, vdi 55% dan s6 sdng d nong thdn, nganh ndng nghiep ddng gdp 20% vao GDP. Cac nam 2008, 2009 va 2010, mic dii thu nhap tir nganh du lich khdng ngimg tang nhung phan ddng gdp vao GDP Iai siit giam. Dieu nay cd thi giai thich la do toe do tang trudng nganh du lich ch^m hon so vdi ede nganh khae.
3. Xu huvng tang tnrong nhu cau du ijch tren the gidi vk tai Viet Nam
Trong vai th$p nien gan day, nhu eSu du lich sinh thai, du Ijch xanh eiia cu dan cac nude
phat trien da gia tang nhanh ehdng. Hg den ede nude kem phit trien, noi cdn nhiing vimg thien nhien hoang da, nhd vay nganh du lich d edc nude nay cd dieu ki|n phdt trien, gdp phin cai thien ddi song dan cu tai dja phuong.
Theo bao cao cua Td chiie Du lich The gidi (UNWTO) nam 2012 [7], nganh du Ijch tao ra 6-7% tdng sd viec lam tren loan the gidi (true tiep va gian tiip), ddng thdi I^o ra hon 10%
GDP cho loan the gidi vdi loc do tang trudng
trung binh khoang 4%/nam. Nam 2010, so
ngudi di du Ijch tren thi gidi dat I ty lugt
ngudi. Ngoai ra, Td ehiic Du lich Thi gidi con
du bdo den nam 2020 lugng khach du lich qudc
te cd the len tgi con sd 1,6 ty lugt ngudi. Trong
cac loai hinh du Ijch, du lich vi vol thien
nhien/gan vdi tu nhien tang trudng d miie 10-
30%/nam tiiy theo khu vu'c. Khu virc chau A -
264 D.TM. Hanh. B.TQ. N^/Tgp dii Khoa hoc DHQGHN. Kinh leva Kinh doanh 28 (2012) 261-268
Thai Binh Ducmg cd muc tang trudng hang nam la 10-25%. Du lich sinh thai \ a tit ea cae hinh thirc du lich gin vdi tu nhien, hay edn ggi la du lich xanh, chiim khoang 20% tdng cac ehuj'in du lieh qudc ti. Theo nghien cuu ciia Cue' Du lieh Thai Lan (2010), 2 3 du khach My va Australia quan tam den loai hinh du lich cpng dong va du lich xanh. trong khi do 90% du khach chau Au chgn eac khach san y thuc ve mdi trudng va quan tam den du Ijch bin vung.
Hon 70% du khach M>. Australia \a Anh san sang Xra cao hon eho cac khaeh san. san phdm va cae boat ddng xanh.
Hdi ddng Du lich va Lu hanh Thi gidi (WTTC) du bao rang, Vi?t Nam se dung thii 4 trong nhdm cac diem den du lich Idn nhat cua thi gidi vao nam 2016 va nhu c4u du lich ciia ngucri dan Viet Nam se tang trudng vao khoang 8,1%/ nam. Trong mdi tuong quan vdi eac nude dang phat triin khac, Viet Nam ehi dimg sau An Do va Trung Quoc \ i ty Ie iang trudng cau du lich (Bang 4) [4]. Nam 2010, khach du lich qudc ti din Viet Nam da vugt tren eon sd 5 trieu lugt, tang gin 35% so vdi nam truoc (Tdng cue Du lich Viet Nam. 2010).
Bang 4. T> le tang tnidng cau du lieh hang nam(giai doan 2008-2018)
TT1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Quoc gia An Do Tmng Qudc Lib>"a Viet Nam Montenegro Romania Namibia Croatia Cong hoa Sec
Cau du lich (%/nam) 9.4 8.9 8.1 8.1 7.4 7.1 6.9 6.9 6.8 .\gudn: WTTC. 2008.
Kel qua khao sat \u hudng du Ijch khu vuc chau A - Thai Binh Duong nam 2010 cua Hiep hdi Du Ijch Chau A - Thdi Binh Duong (PATA) thuc hien vdi gan 7 nghin ngudi den tir 13 qudc gia cho thay, Viet Nam la mpt trong nhihig dia diem du lich dugc ua ehupng nhat ddi vdi du khach qudc le. die biet la du khaeh den tir Thai Lan. Australia. Nhat Ban va Singapore. Trong sd khach qudc le cd ke hoach den Viet Nam du lich trong tuong lai. cd tdi 17% khacb qudc Ie den tir Thai Lan. 16% den tii Australia, Iugng khdch qudc te den tir Nhal Ban va Singapore eimg ehiem 11%. Sd lieu nay cd the giiip nganh du lich Viet Nam nhan dinh ro rang bon thi tnrcmg khach tiem aSng va xac dinh thi trudng mue tieu. tir dd de ra eac chien luge marketing san pham du lich phii hgp vdi timg thi trudng.
Theo Hiep hdi Du lich Ddng bing sdng Cuu Long. Iugng khach den ddng bing sdng Cihi Long trong sau ihdng diu nam 2011 tang hon
7% so vdi cimg ky nam 2010, trong dd cd hon 720 nghin lugt du khach nude ngoai, tang 14%
va hon 9 trieu lugt du khach ngi dia, tang khoang 6%. Nhihig dja diem thu hiit nhieu khdch du lich cd thi ke den nhu: Lang du lieh M^
Khanh, Khu du Ijch Niii Cam, Cii Lao Thdi Son, Khu du lich Xeo Quyt, Vuon Qudc gia Tram Chim... Tity nhien, dil sd lirgr^ khach du lich tdi dong bang sdng Cuu Long deu tang qua mdi nam song xy le quay Iai lan Ihu hai, Ihii ba cdn kha thip va thai gian luu tni cung ngin, chi tir 1 -2 ngay.
4. Tang tnrong kinh t£ va nganb du lich ciia viing ddng bang song Cthi Long
Trong sudt giai doan 2001-2010. viing ddng
bang sdng Ciru Long ludn dat tdc dg tSng
trudng kinh te eao hon mirc binh quSn chung
ciia ca nude, nam 2010 irdc dat tdc do cao nhit
nu-dc (11%) (Bang 5). Ca ciu kinh ti chuyen
D TJvl. Hanh. BTQ. Ngoc / Tap chi Klioa hoc DH(2GHN. Kinh teva Kinh doanh 28 (2012) 261-268
djch tir nong nghiep sang cdng nghi?p vi dich vu kha nhanh ; nam 2000 theo thii tir khu vuc I, II, III la 52,8 - 18 - 29,2%; d i n nam 2008 la 38,7 - 27,3 - 34%. Thu nhap binh quan dau ngirdi lien tue tang qua cdc nam, nam 2010 udc dat 900 USD/ngudi/nam. Bp mat ndng thon da
cd nhiing thay ddi ddng ke, giao thdng thuan tien hon vdi h? thdng dudng bo iien tinh, lien huyen, Hen xa dugc nang cap va xay dung mdi ben eanh he thdng giao thdng dudng thiiy Iruyen thong eua vimg.
Bang 5. TSng tniong kinh te vung dong b&ig song Ctru Long giai doan 2001- Chitieu 2001-2005 200« 2007 2008 2009 Tang tniong binh quan (%) 10,4 12.3 13.5 12.9 10.08 GDP binh quSn/nguM 533 600,2 672 711 (USD/ngucTi/nam)
2010 2010 11,0 900 Ngudn: So lieu thdng ke ciia cac tinh dong bang song Ciiu Long.
Von la vimg thuan nong nhung ho^t ddng du lich trong vung nhiing nSm gan day phat trien kha nhanh, the hien ro qua sd khach den (Bang 6).
Nam 2009 dat 9,2 trieu lugt khdch, Irong do ed 1,2 trieu khdch nude ngodi; nam 2010 udc ti'nh ed khoang 10,5 trieu l u 0 khaeh, trong dd cd 1,46 trieu khaeh nude ngoai. Nam 2009, doanh thu ciia
nganh trong loan vimg d^t khoang 2.000 ty ddng, ddng gdp phan khdng nhd vao GDP ciia vimg. Dd la chua tinh den nhiing ddng gdp gian tiep cua nganh du lich vko sy phat trien kinh t i cua vimg nhu md thj Irudng xuat khau nong san tai chd, khoi phyc cac nganh nghe san xuat truyen thdng, phat trien eac djch vu phuc vu du khach,..
Bang 6. Ket qua hoat dpng du Ijch ciia viing ddng bing song Ciiu Long Chi tieu
Tong luot khdch (trieu lucrt) Trong d6:
- Khdch quoc le - Khach noi dia Doanh thu (tv dong)
2009 9.20 1.20 8.00 2.000
2010 16.1 1.3 14.8 2.870 Nguon: Hiep hgi Du Ijch
Theo d i dn phdt trien vimg ddng bing sdng Ciiu Long ciia Bd Van hda. The Ihao vd Du lich, nam 2015 Ihu n h | p xa hgi tii' hoat dpng du lich dat 723 trieu USD, gia trj GDP du Ijch d^it 491,6 trieu USD va din nam 2020 Ihu nhap xa hgi tir boat dpng du lieh dat 1,35 ty USD, gia Iri GDP du Ijch dat 877,1 tri?u USD. D i dat dugc chi lieu ndy, vung ddng bing sdng Ciiu Long can phdi cd nhiiu san phim da dang de thu hut du khaeh.
5. San p h i m du lich ndng thon it viing dong b ^ n g song C u u Long
Theo ''^h an phat triin du Ijeh ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long d i n n5m 2020"'", quan diem
' " Quyai dinh 803/QD-BVHTTDL do Bp irucmg Bp Van hoa. The thao va Du lich ky ngay 9/3/2010
Dong bang song Cihi Long.
phat trien da du'oc xae dinh la: "dua du Ijeh ird thanh ngdnh kinh te cd ddng gdp Ihuc sir quan Irgng vao cdng cupc phat trien dat nude, gdp phin tich cue vao qua trinh ehuyen dich co cau kinh te, vao nd Iuc xda ddi giam ngheo eho ngudi dan, dam bao an ninh, qudc phdng va gdp phan da dang hda san pham du Ijch cua ca nude, nang cao vi the ngdnh du lich tren c o sd khai thdc cd hiiu qua vd bin vihig nhiing lgi the ve vj tri, tai nguyen cua viing". D i dn eung neu ro "san pham du Ijch dac OiCi cua viing ddng b i n g sdng Ciiu Long la du Ijch tham quan sdng nude, miet vudn ket hgp nghi tai nha dan, du Ijeh van hda tim hieu van hda edc dan tpc trong viing, du lich sinh thdi, tbam quan nghien cuu cac he sinh thai da dang eua viing...".
266 D.TM. Hanh. B.TQ. Ngoc I Tap chi Klioa hoc DHQGHN. Kinh teva Kinh doanh 28 (2012) 261-268
Du Ijch ndng thdn phat trien gdp phan da dang hda nganh nghe d ndng thdn, tao viee lam, tang thu nhap cho ngudi dan, tang thu ngan sach, tao diiu kien nang cao miic sdng cho ngudi dan ndng thdn, gin giii truyen Ihdng van boa ciia dia phuong. Hien nay, cac san pham du Ijeh d viing ddng bing song Cuu Long cbua cd sir khac biet. Dd la vi dieu kien tu nhien, mdi trudng sinh thai, canh quan giua cac dja phuong trong viing it cd sy khac biet nen de tao ra su khdc biet la rit khd. Mat khac, do mdi diem din CO quy md nhd nen viec ddn cac doan ddng khdch cung rdt khd. Qk keo dai thdi gian luu trii cua du khach vd giiip ngudi dan irong vimg tang thu nhap ibi ngoai viee phit trien cdc khu du Ijch, viing ddng bang sdng Cuu Long cd thfi phdt trien cdc sin pham du Ijch ndng thdn nhu:
- To chirc eho du khach luu tni d cac nhd nghi theo md hmh nha d ciia ndng ddn vdi cac eay trdng. \ i t nudi, ndng cy va vat dung cd truyen... Khach den d se dugc thay va dugc sdng nhu nhihig ngudi ndng dan Tay Nam Bp vdi thien nhien trong lanb, khdng khi gia dinh than Ihi^n vd ihudng thiic cde mdn Sn dan d i . . . Md hinh nay da hinh thdnh d vimg cdy an trai ndi lieng Cdi Mom (huyen Chg Lach. tinh Ben Tre). Cdi Be (Tien Giang), VTnh Long... nhung ehua rpng khip va chua dugc td chuc tbanh he Ihdng, mdi nha vudn chi cd kha ning don khdch tir 20-30 du khach.
- Cdc CO sd nghe truyen thdng trong viing;
Mpt sd hp ndng dan san xuat cac mat hdng luu ni?m nhu cac vgt dung ddnh bit ca, dd choi truyen thdng ciia tre em, mdn i n truyen thdng ciia viing nhu eac loai m i m khd, nudi ong Idy mat. nau rugu, cac loai banh, keo truyin thdng Nam Bg... de du khdch tham quan lim hieu, 1dm thii vd mua cac san pham nay.
- Vdi canh quan sdng nude miet vudn, di lich vin hda, cac Iang nghe cd the phdt triln thanh nhiing diem din hdp din md khdng edn qua nhieu vdn dau t u xay dung co sd vat chdt va dao lao nhan lire. Dd la, song song vdi viee phdt trien cac loai hinh du Ijeh xanh tren eo sd khai thac canh quan sdng nude miet \'udn la
loai hinh du Ijeh cpng ddng tren c a sd phdt trien cac Iang nghe.
v i cae khu nghi dudng sg xay dung d cae cdn dpc sdng Tiin va cde nha nghi ndng thon thi khdng nhat thiit phdi co su khac biet, chi cin bao dam tieu chi xanh vd diing kieu nhd d ddng bang vi chiing se dugc ket ndi vao he t h i n g khu nghi dudng, nhd nghi ciia todn viing.
Trong nhiing nam tdi, nhu cdu du Ijch xanh Iang cao, nhu cau ve cac nha nghi Ioai nay se khdng dli dap iing vao miia cao diem. Loai hinh nha nghi ndng thon khdng cin vdn d i u tu Idn vi do eung la nha d cua nong dan, chi can sira chifa hoac xay dung them phdng eho khach luu trii. Ngudi quan ly va phuc vu cung chinh la chil nhd va nhung ngudi trong nh^. Hg se dugc Irang bj mpt sd kiin thiic va nghiep vu chuyen mdn ve cung cap djch vu du lich. Nhihig kien thiic va nghiep vu nay de hgc, khdng ddi hdi phdi cd trinh dp hge van cao va thdi gian dai n l n phil hgp vdi dac diem eiia Iuc lugng Iao dgng tai dja phuang. Cdc dich vy cung cip chinh la cho du khach tham nhap vdo ddi sdng thuc cua cu dan dia phucmg, de hg dugc sdng nhu mgt ngudi dan ndng thdn thuc su, lam cdc cdng vi^c ddng ang, cham sdc vudn cay, thu hoach sdn pham, giao tiep vdi bd eon Idng xdm, tham gia cac le hoi... trong mdi trudng thien nhiln trong ldnh. Tuy nhien, mdt nhd nong ddn rieng Ie khd ddn dugc khach nen cdn dugc td chiic thdnh Idng du Ijch vdi cac td hgp tde ed ban quan 1>^ chung d l cd thi id ehiic ddn nhiing doan khach ddng ngudi, quang ba san pham va xay dung hoac cdi thien he thdng giao thdng.
Ddi vdi cae Iang n g h i , n l u muc dich phdt triln Iang nghe chi la tao ra viec Iam phi ndng nghiep biing each san xuit va ban cac san phdm tilu thu cdng nghiep cd the se gap khd khin ve thi trudng do nhu cau t i l u diing mdt sd loai trong nhthig san p h i m nay cd t h i khdng tang, tham chi cdn cd xu hudng giam khi xd hgi phdt Iriln, thu nhap cua ngu'di dan tang cao nhu bpt, chilu.... Mdt trong nhiing each hieu qua d l duy tri cac nghi truyin thdng trong xa hpi hiln d^ii la song song vdi v i l e ban san pham, can td chirc eho du khach tham quan quy trinh sdn xuat va
D.TJA. Hanh. B T.Q. Ngoc/Tap chi Khoa fepc DHQGHN, Kinh teva Kinh doanh 28 (2012) 261-268
tham gia lam thir... vdi dieu ki$n co thu phi, tir dd cac Iang nghe se giam dugc dp luc ve chi phi, nang suit vd thj trudng tilu thy san p h i m .
N h u vdy, ddi vdi ddng bang song Cuu Long, viing san xuat ndng nghiep Idn nhat nude ta, viee phdt trien du Ijeh dua trln co sd phat triln nganh ndng nghiep va Idng nghe truyin thdng khdng chi cho phep cu dan dja p h u a n g t3ng thu n h t p ma con dugc sdng trong mdi trudfng thien nhien trong lanh, cae quan he xd hdi khdng cd nhieu thay ddi ddi hdi eon ngudi phai thay ddi d l thich nghi... U u tien phat trien nganh du Ijch, chii trgng du Ijch nong thdn la ehinh la con dudng dua ca edu kinh t l vimg ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long chuyin dan sang co cau djch vu - nong - cong nghiep, day nhanh tdc dg phdt trien ciia viing.
6. K i t lu^n
Trong xa hpi hien dai ngdy nay, quan niem tieu dimg eua ngudi dan da cd nhieu thay ddi.
Nhu c i u ve tinh than, trong dd ed nhu cau ve du Ijch nghi dudng vd khdm pha, ting nhanh. Dd chmh la e o hpi cho nhihig viing kinh te kem phdt triin cd t h i chuyen dich co cau kinh t l tir ndng nghilp sang dich vu ma khdng qua thdi ky phat trien cdng nghi?p. Vimg ddng b i n g song Ciru Long vai nhiing ngudn tai nguyin hien cd hoan todn cd t h i di theo con dudng uu tiln phat triin nganh dich vu tren co sd phdt triln du lich xanh, du lich ndng thdn. Thay vi chi bdn cdc sdn • p h i m ndng nghiep va tieu thii cdng nghiep. viing cd t h i ddng thdi kmh doanh djch vu tham quan
quy trinh san xuat cdc Ioai sdn pham nay, nhu v^y se khdng can phdi dau tu nguon von Idn va cd the triln khai dugc ngay trong nhirng nam tdi. Khi du lich phat triln se k l o theo cdc ngdnh djch vu khdc nhu van chuyin, viln thdng... phdt triln. Ngoai Igi ich true tiep la lam thay ddi bd mat ndng thdn, cai thien ddi sdng cho ngudi nong dan, nd cdn mang lai nhiing Igi ich khac nhu giam di ddn ve thanh thi, gidm each bill giau ngheo giiia thanh thi va ndng thdn.
T^i lieu tham khdo
[11 Ban Chi d?io Ta\ Nam Bp (2009), Bao cio Hpi nghj long ket hoai dgng nam 2009, thing 12/2009.
[2] Bo Ke hogch vi Diu tir (2011). Bio cao T6ng hpp dau lu viing ddng bang s6ng Ciru Long giai doan 2006-2010 va phuong hudng 2011-2015, thing 9/2011.
[3] Department of Tourism Management of the Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Greece and the Technical University of Crete. "Global tourism trend", Greece, 2009.
[4] Asian Developmenl Bank. Viet Nam, Economic Data,
http://ww'w2. adb.org/Documents/Books/Kcy_I ndica tora/201 l/pdfWE.pdf. truy cip ngiy 25/7/2012.
[5] World Bank Indicators. 2012, hup://data, world bank org/indicalor/NV AGR.
T0TL.2S
[6] World Economic Impaa Report 2011, http://w'ww, wttc.org/research/ecnomi c-impact- reseach/
[7] World Tourism Organization, Tourism highlights.
2012, htlp'/Zmkl unwto.org/en/publication/unwto- tourism-hi ghi ights-2012-edilion/
268 D.TJA. Hanh. B.T.Q. Nggc / Tap chi Klioa hgc DH(2GHN. Kmh leva Kmh doanh 28 (2012) 261-268
Promoting Rural Tourism in Mekong Delta:
Potential Incentive Leading to
Service-Agriculture-Industry-Oriented Economic Structure
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Doan Thi My Hanh, MA. Bui Thj Quynh Ngoc
Business and Administration Faculty. Ho Chi Minh Open University,97 Vo Vdn Tdn. Districts, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Abstract. In the twenty first century, human-bemgs are fascinated in not only the variety of
services but also the attributions to Ihe quality of life. This tendency is primarily a premise for tiie
bloom of green tourism. In developing countries, green tourism has created opportunities to transform
from an agriculture-based economy to a service-oriented one. Whether this economic transition could
be applicable to the Mekong Delta, it is still questionable. This paper provides a brief overview of
global tendencies in economic siructure transition, trends in tourism demand around the world and
Viemam in particular. Based on the economic growih and tourism data analysis, the paper proposes a
recommendation that instead of purely agricultural product trades, the Mekong Delta should offer
agricultural production processing related services Ihat could help Ihe local economy to transform to
service-agrieulture-indusliy-orienled structure.
