Tgp chl Tai MOi Hpng Vifet Nam - Volume (58-14), N°2 - Apr.. 2013
BENH VIEM MUI HQNG d CONG NHAN MAY THAI NGUYEN
Hodng Thi Thuy Hd\ Tdng Xudn Hdi**' Bd Hdm'"", VuMinh Thifc"*
TOM TAT
Mpt nghien cuu mo td theo thiet ke cdt ngang nham ddnh gid thuc trgng cdc benh mui hpng trong cong nhdn may tgi Thdi Nguyen dd duac tiin hanh ndm 2012 trin 1000 cdng nhdn. Kit qud thu dugc nhu sau: - Ty le mdc cdc benh mUi, hpng chung khd cao: 73,20%. - Ty le mdc cdc benh mUi khd cao. dgc bi^t Id viem mQi dj ung: 19,30%. - Ty li mdc cdc benh hpng cao. trong do viem hpng cdp tinh Id: 31,10%. - Ty le mdc cdc binh viem mUi di ung vd viem hpng cdp tinh tron^ cong nhdn theo tudi nghi khong ro ret. Cdc tdc gid di nghi: cdn cd mot chuong trinh vi an todn ve sinh lao dpng tdt han, khdm phdt hien s&m vd dieu tri kip thai cdc binh mui hpng cho nguai lao dpng ngdnh may.
Tit khoa:
SUMMARY
The throath-nose diseases on Thaioguyen garment workers
Hoang Thi Thuy Ha, Tang Xuan Hai, Do Ham, Vu Minh Thuc In order to evaluate the throath-nose diseases on Thainguyen garment workers, a cross- sectional stu^ have been conducted. The research was carried in year of 2012 on 1000 workers in Thaingityen provmce. The resubs showed: - The high rate of throath-nose (TN) diseases was found: 73.20%; - The rate of nose diseases is high, especially allergic nose infection:
19.30%. - The rate of throat diseases is high, especially of acute throat infection: 31.10%.
- The rate of allergic nose and acute throat infection on Thainguyen garment workers is not logical to years of labor. The authors have proposed a bester occupational health and safety programme for workers, early examination and treatment throath-nose diseases in time.
Key words: The throath nose disease on garment worker.
1. DAT VAN DE nghiep trong cong nhdn may mac, dac biet Benh miii hpng luon chiem ty le cao Id benh ly dudng ho hap, tai miii hpng da trong cong nhdn lao dpng tiep xiic vdi bui duoc nhieu tdc gia nghien cuu vd cho thay moi trudng. Det may dupe coi Id mpt trong cdc benh nay thudng gap vdi ty le cao (50 - nhimg ngdnh cong nghiep phat sinh nhieu 80%) [2], [3].
bui ti-en hdu h i t cdc cong^ d o ^ cua ddy ^ . ^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ - ^ chuyen Trong nhimg nam gan day cac benh ^^j .j-j^.: ^ ,^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^ 1^^
lien quan den nghe nghiep va benh nghe ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^j j ^ ^^^^ ^ , ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^-^^
tinh trong cd nude. Tuy nhien cong tac ' So KH & CN Thai Nguyen chdm SOC suc khoe ngudi lao dpng con
" BSnh vi?n Hiiu nghi da khoa Nghe An nhilu bdt cap. Kit qud khdm siic khoe djnh
"* Tnr£mg Dai hpc Y Dugrc Thdi Nguyen '"* Binh vi6n Tai Mui Hpng TW Nhan Mi 22.2. Duyet b^i 5.3.2013
T?p chl Tai MOi Hpng Vigt Nam - Volume (58-14). N°2 - Apr., 2013
ky hang nam cho thdy ty 1? mdc cdc b^nh miii hpng kha cao ngay tir khi tuoi nghe con rat thap. Dieu ndy cho thay viec to chiic dieu tra vd nghien cuu ve viem mui hpng d cong nhdn may Thdi Nguyen Id het sue can thiet. Ket qud nghien cuu sg g6p phdn tich circ vdo cdc hogt dpng chdm s6c sue khoe, d\r phong cac benh mui hpng d cong nhan may ngdy mpt hieu qud hon. Chiing toi tien hdnh de tdi nghien cuu nhdm ddp ung muc tieu: Md td thuc trgng mpt sd benh mui hpng cua nguai lao dpng ngdnh may.
2. D 6 I TU'gfNG VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU
2.L Doi tu(^g, dia diem va thtri gian nghien cihi
- Doi tupng nghien cuu: Ngudi lao dpng nganh may mac tai Thai Nguyen. Do dac thu ngdnh may mac da so ngudi lao dpng la nii nen chiing toi chi chpn cac nu cong nhan vao nghien ciiu.
- Dia diem nghien cuu: Nghien cuu dugc tien hdnh ngau nhien ( Boc tham ngdu nhien) tai 3 co sd may mac tai Thai Nguyen la: Cong ty may Viet Thdi (Thupc Tong cong ty may TNG Thai Nguyen), Cong ty may Chien Thang (Thupc Tong cong ty det may Ha Npi dong d Thdi Nguyen), Cong ty may mac TDT Thai Nguyen
- Thdi gian nghien cuu: tu thdng 5 - 2012 din thang 6-2012.
2.2. Phuang phap nghien cuii
* Nghien cuu dupe tien hdnh theo phuong phdp mo ta vdi thiet ke nghien cuu cdt ngang.
* Chpn cd mdu: cd mau mo td dupe tinh theo cong thiic vd thu dupe la 817. Khi khao sdt chiing toi chpn 1000 ngudi thoa man cdc dieu kien de dua vao mdu nghien
cihi. Trong do Cong ty may Vipt Thai: 500 ngudi, Cong ty may Chien Thdng: 240 ngudi, Cong ty may mac TDT Thdi Nguyen; 260. Cdch chpn mau theo phuong phdp ngau nhien dan tren co sd danh sach cong nhdn ciia cdc ca sd nghien cuu.
* Xir ly si Hpu theo phuang phap thong ke y hpc tren may vi tinh bdng chuong trinh phdn men EPI INFO 6.04 va SPSS 13.0.
3. K £ T QUA NGHIEN ClTU VA BAN LUAN Bang 3.1 D6I tupng nghifin CLPU phdn theo
tu6i nghe (S6 ndm) Tuoi
ngh^
Den vj Viet Thai
(600) Chien Thang (240) TDT (260) CJng (1000)
2-<3 SL 118
40
115
273
%
23,60
16,67
42,23
27,3 3-<5 SL 229
121
97
447
%
45.80
50,42
37,31
44,70
£5 SL 153
79
48
280
%
30,60
32,92
18,46
28,00
Cong nhan may Thdi Nguyen phan Idn CO tuoi nghe thap. Tuoi nghe khoang 3 den 5 ndm chiem 44,70%. Ty le cd tuoi nghe cao, tir 5 ndm trd len chi chilm 28%.
Ddy ciing Id tinh trang chung cua ngdnh det may. Co nhieu ly do 1dm cho ngudi lao dpng khong gdn bo lau ddi vdi cdc doanh nghiep la dieu md cdc nhd qudn ly can luu tdm nghien cuu. Ket qua nghien ciiu cua chiing toi ciing tuong tu nhu khuyen cdo ciia cdc tac gia trong vd ngoai nude ve nghe nghiep ddc biet ndy [2], [6].
Tgp chi Tai MOi Hpng Vigt Nam - Volume (58-14). N°2 - Apr., 2013
Bdng 3.2. Cdc b$nh mui hpng vd h6 hap trong c6ng nhdn may Thdi nguyfin Bon vj
Chdng, b$nh
Bgnh mui hgng Bdnh phS qudn B$nh bgi phdi bdng
Vi$t Thai (600) SL 381 48 13
%
76,20 9,60 2,60
Chiln Thang (240) SL 175 22 7
%
72,92 9,17 2,92
TDT (260) SL 176 11
6
%
67,69 4,23 2,31
cang SL 732 81 26
%
73,20 8,10 2,60
Neu so sdnh vdi cdc benh dudng ho benh thudng gap d he thong co quan miii hap khdc, cong nhan may Thdi Nguyen co hpng, d cong nhdn sdn xuat kinh chi chiem ty le mac cac benh viem miii hpng vao miia khodng 35% - 40%. Ty le mdc benh viem he con tuong doi cao (67,69% - 76,20%). phe qudn tir 4,23% - 9,60% ciing Id cao vd Nghien ciiu cua Tran Danh Phuang ve cdc dang luu y.
Bang 3.3. Cdc b6nh a mQi trong c6ng nhdn may Thdi nguyfin Don vf
B&nh o* mui Vi6m mui di img Vi&m mui cap tinfi Viem mui mgn tinh Cac benh Ifhac v mOi
Viet Thai (500)
SL 94 86 27 28
%
18,80 17,20 5,40 5,60
CtiienTtiang (240) SL 51 44 15 14
%
21,25 18,33 6,26 5,83
TBT(260)
SL 48 41 13 17
%
18,46 16,77 5,00 6,54
Chung
SL 193 171 56 59
%
19,30 17,10 6,50 6,90
Ty le cong nhan mac cdc benh d miH khd cao (5,50% din 19,30%), ddc biet la viem miii di ling vd viem miii c ^ tinh ( 17,10%
din 19,30%). Ty le viem miii man tinh ciing chilm 5,5% la bat cap vi se lam tang ngdy nghi om hoac suy giam siic khoe d ngudi lao dpng. Mot si benh d miii khdc ciing gap d cong nhan may Thdi Nguyen nhu pW dai vdch ngan miii, dan mach mau, viem xoang... Ty 1? cdc benh d mQi cao
ciing la nhan xet chung ciia nhieu tdc gia khi nghien ciiu sue khoe d cong nhdn det may [2], [3].
Ty le cong nhan cua cong ty may Chien Thing mdc viem miii di ling vd viem mui cdp tinh khdc luon cao hon cdc cong ty khdc. Ddy co le la van de can luu y, xem xet them va cd ke hoach can thiep phu hpp trong chdm soc sue khoe cong nhdn sau ndy.
Tap chl Tai MOi Hpng Vigt Nam - Volume (58-14). N°2 - Apr, 2013
Bdng 3 4. Cdc b$nh a hpng trong c6ng nhdn may ThSi nguyfin Dan vj
B^nh ir hpng Vi§m Amidan c^p Viim Amidan m^n Viem hpng c^p tinh Viem hpng mgn tinh
Vi^t Thai (500) SL 26 8 162
39
%
5,20 1,60 32,40
7,80
Chi^n Th^ng (240) SL
14 5
78 19
%
5,83 2,08 32,5 7,92
TDT (260)
SL 13 3 71 16
%
5,00 1,15 27,31
6,15
C^ng
SL 63 16 311 74
%
5,30 1,60 31,10
7,40 Ty Ip cdng nhan mac cac benh cap tinh d
hpng ciing tuong doi cao (5,30% den 31,10%), ddc biet Id viem hpng cap tinh (31,10%). Ty le viem Amidan cap tinh chiem 5,3% ciing la bat cap vi ngudi lao dpng Id ngudi Idn, ddng le ty le ndy da phdi giam thieu rat nhieu. Nhieu tac gia cho rang can tim hieu cac yeu to nguy co lam gia tdng cdc benh d hpng cho ngudi lao dpng de CO hudng giai quyet kip thdi [1], [2],.
Ty le cong nhan cua cong ty may Chien Thdng mac cdc benh d hpng deu cao hon cdc cong ty khdc it nhieu. Van de nay ciing cdn luu y trong cong tdc chdm soc sue khoe ngudi lao dpng.
Bang 3 5 Ty 1$ cdc b6nh vifem mOi di ung theo tuoi nghe
Bpnh Tu6i nghi
<3(273) (1) Tir 3-<5 (447) (2) TCr>6 (280) (3) Tong cgng (1000)
P
Mac SL 58 87 48 193
%
21,25 19,46 17,14 19,30
Khong mac SL 215 360 232 807
%
78,75 80,54 82,86 80,70
>0,05
Ty le mdc bpnh viem miii di ling ciia cdng nhan may Thai Nguyen theo tuoi nghe khong ro ret (p> 0,05). Tuy nhien neu xet ky thi thay cong nhdn mdi vdo nghe da mac vdi ty le cao hon. Sau dd ty Ip co giam dan, tuy nhien su gidm tuan tu theo cac nhom chua CO y nghia thdng ke (p > 0,05). Co the khi mdi vao nghe cdng nhan da mac benh do cdc yeu to nguy ca, sau do thich nghi ddn, benh co xu hudng gidm. Theo Nguyen Bich Diep [1], thi chi rieng dau hieu ngat miii (Mpt ddu hieu lien quan den viem miii di ung) d ngudi tiep xiic vdi bui det may da tdi 31,6%.
Nhu vay ket qud nghien cijru cua chiing toi ciing Id hpp ly.
Bang 3 6. Ty 10 cdc b^nh vi6m hpng cdp tinh theo tu6i ngh^
B#nh Tu6i ngh^
<3(273) (1) TlJ'3-<5(447)(2) TCr > 5 (280) (3) Tong c^g (1000)
P
iuic SL 99 134 78 311
%
36,26 29,98 27,86 31,10
Khong mac SL 174 313 202 689
%
63,74 70,02 72,14 68,90
PcM^0,05; p„M<ft05
Tap cht Tai MQi Hpng Vi$t Nam - Volume (58-14). N ° 2 - A p r , 2013
Ty le mdc bpnh v i ^ hpng c ^ tinh ciia cong nhdn may Thdi Nguyen theo tuli nghi khong ro ret (p> 0,05). Tuy nhien nlu xet ky thi thdy c6ng nhdn mdi vdo nghi da mac vdi ty le cao han. Sau dd ty le cd gidm dan, ddc biet s\r giam ddn vd ro rpt d nhdm tuoi nghi tren 5 nam. S\r khdc biet giiia hai nhdm nay co y nghia thing ke ro r?t (p(i&3)
< 0,05). Nhu vay vide du phong cdc bpnh d hpng phdi dupe dat ra ngay tir khi cdng nhdn mdi dupe tuyen chpn vao nghi may.
5. KET LUAN VA KHUYEN NGHj - Ngudi lao dpng ngdnh may cd ty le mdc cdc benh miii, hpng chung kha cao:
73,20%.
- Ty le cdng nhdn mac cac benh d miii khd cao, trong dd viem miii di ling Id 19,30%.
- Ty le cdng nhan mdc cdc benh cdp tinh d hpng ciing tuong ddi cao, trong do viem hpng cdptiiAld31,10%.
- Ty le mdc cdc benh viem mCii di ung vd viem hpng c ^ tinh ciia cdng nhan may Thdi Nguyen theo tudi nghe nhin chung khong ro ret (p> 0,05).
- Can tang cudng cong tdc cham soc sue khoe ban ddu, gido due truyen thong ve an toan ve sinh lao dpng, kham phat hien sdm vd dieu tri kip thdi cdc chung, benh d mQi hpng cho ngudi lao dpng ngdnh may.
T A I LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Nguyen Bich Diep vd CS (2012). An
todn V? sinh lao dpng vd siic khoe ngudi ddn tai mpt Idng nghe dpt vdi truyen thing. Tgp chi Y hoc thuc hdnh S6 849 - 850, Trang 343 -347.
2. Nguyen Dinh Dung, Le Thu Nga va CS (2012). Nghien cuu dieu kJen lao dpng vd nguy co gay cdng thdng nghe nghiep d ngudi lao dpng tai mpt so doanh nghipp may thupc tap dodn det may Viet Nam Tgp chi Y hpc (hue hdnh Sd 849-850. Trang \09-\\3.
3. Hoang Thi Thiiy Hd, Phan Bich Hda va CS (2013). Sue khoe va mpt so yeu to lien quan d cdng nhdn may Thai Nguyea Tgp chi Bdo ho lao dong So 7+2, Trang 88-91.
4. Bui Hodi Nam, D6 Van Dung (2012).
Thuc trang dieu kien lao dpng vd tinh hinh sue khoe cua cong nhan phdn xudng det cdng ty co phan det Ha Dong. Tgp chi Y hpc thuc hdnh Sd 11, Trang 18-22.
5. Kayumba A.V, Bratveit M..(2009),
"Working condition and exposure to dust and bioaerosols in sisalprocessing factories in Tanzania", J Occup Environ Hyg,6(3),ppl65-173
