Cac nhan to anh hiTofng den su" hai long trong cong viec cua cap quan ly tai Cong ty Co phan Xay di/ng Coteccons
TRAN VAM DGNG' Tom tat
Nghiin cffu sff dung phuang phdp phdn tich djnh lugng vdi dff lieu thu ihdp tff 300phii'u khdo sdt ddi vdi cdp qudn ly tgi Cong ty Co phdn Xdy dffng Coteccons. Ki't qud nghien cffu cho thdy, cd 5 nhdn tddnh hudng di'n sU hdi long cffa nhdn vien cdp qudn If tgi Cong ty Cdphdn Xdy dung Coteccons tff cao de'n thdp la: Ca hoi ddo tgo vd thdng tii'n; Dieu kien cong viec;
Tien luang, ihudng, phu cd'p; Ldnh dgo - cdp tren; vd Bdn chdt cong viec.
Tii khda: cong viec, qudn ly, sff hdi long, Cong ty Co phan Xdy dffng Coteccons
Summary
The study employs quantitative method with data collected fi-om 300 questionnaires for management staffs in Coteccons Construction Joint Stock Company. The results point out 5 factors affecting the satisfaction of these management staffs, in descending order of influence, which are Training and promotion opportunities; Working conditions; Salaries, bonuses and allowances; Leader - superior and Nature of work.
Keywords: work, managemeni, satisfaction, Coteccons Construction Joint Stock Company
GIOI THIEU
Trong vai nam trd lai day, nhan siJ lai C6ng ty Co phan Xay dting Coteccons CO nhieu thay doi, nhat la d cap nhan vien quan ly, cung nhif nhiing nhan sif chiJ cho't trong Cong ty. Viec nhieu can bg quan ly nghi viec hoac chuyen cong tac khac khie'n cho Coteccons khong co difdc nhiJng nhan sif cd ky nang can thiel de thifc hien nhiJng ke' hoach va dff kn mdi. de ±ay the' cho nhiJng dif kn kmh doanh hien tai dang gap kho khan. Ciing vdi dd, viec giam nang sua't va hieu qua lam viec keo theo kha nang doanh thu, ldi nhuan cua Cong ty suy giam. Chinh vi vEiy, viSc thifc hien nghien cu'u ph&n tich cac nhan l6' anh hifdng de'n stf hai long cua nhan vien cap quan ly tai Cong ty C6 ph^n Xay difng Coteccons va du'a ra mdt so giai phap giup lanh dao tham khao, dieu chinh chinh sach de giiJ chan ngifdi t^i d lai Cdng ty la can thie't.
CO sd LY THUYET VA P H U O N G PHAP NGHIEN CLTU
Cffsdly thuye't
Sif hai long cua khach hang la mtic dp ciia trang thai cam xuc bat nguon ttf viec so sanh giiJa nhan thiJc ve san pham vdi mong dPi cua khach hang khi sif dung dich vu (Kotler va cpng sif, 2006). Parasuraman va cgng su'(1988) cho rang, sif hai long ciaa khach hang la phan u'ng ve sif khac biet cam nhan giffa kinh nghiem da biet va SLf mong ddi cda khach hang ve dich vu.
Nghien ciiu cua Smith va cdng sif (1969) chd thay, cd 5 nhan td'anh hu'dng tdi mii'c dp thda man cong vipc dd la: Ban chat cong viec; Tien lifdng; Thang tie'n;
Dong nghiep va Sif giam sal ciia cap tren. Con nghien clJu Clia Spector (1985) cho thay cd 9 nhap to' anh hu'dng tdi miJc dd hai ldng va th^i dp la: Tien lu'dng;
Cd hpi thang tie'n; Dieu kien lam viec; Sif giam sat;
Dong nghiep; Veu thich cdng viec; Giao tie'p thong tin; Phan thifdng bat ngd va Phuc ldi.
Theo Tran Kim Dung (2005) cd 7 nhan id' anh hu'dng de'n sif hai ldng cua nhan vien dd'i vdi cdng vigc la: Ban cha't cdng viec; Dao tao va thang tie'n; Tien 'ThS., Cong ty Thuoc thii y Viet Nam
Ngaynhan bdi: 25/11/2019; Ngdy phdn bien: 11/12/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng 18/12/2019
—Economy and Forecasl Review
71
HiNH: MO HIMH MGHIEN Cfla DE XOAT lu'dng; L a n h d a o ; D o n g I - P - ^ ^ ^ "
vk D i e u k i e n l a m v i e c . .f.,,-.
N g h i e n ciJu c u a Vii \ - n Tnic ! i U l i J cho tha'y, c o 5 n h a n to anh hifdng d e n su
BANG 1: KET QOA KIEM DINH CRONBACH'S ALPHA CUA CAC THANG DO BifTn
q u a n s a t
Til T L I T L 2 T L 3 T L 4
T r u n g b m h t h a u g d o D^u l o a i bi^n
PhiftAig sat t h a n g d o ne'u l o a i bi§'n
H ^ sff tifdng q u a n giSa bid'n va t ^ n e
Cronbach's 1 Alpha neii Kd't l u ^ n loai bi&'n nfiv
a n a d o T i l n lu'tfna. t i e n thifdna. phu c a n (TL): C r o n b a c h ' s A l p h a = 0,829 8.07.S
7.802 8,164 8 , 1 6 4
4 , 3 3 9 4 , 5 5 6 3,9^8 4 , 0 8 5
0.679 0.607 0.704 0.641
0 . 7 7 5 0 , 8 0 5 0,761 0,792
B i e n p h u h d p B i e n phil h d p B i e n phiJ h d p Bie'n p h u h d p TlianE do B a n c h a t cflne vi&c ( C V l : C r o n b a c h ' s A l o h a = 0 . 8 8 3 C V l
C V 2 C V 3 C V 4 C V S T h a C T I C T 2 C T 3 C T 4
7 . 3 8 4 7,381 7 . 5 6 3 7.537 7 , 5 0 8
13.758 13.473 13.820 13,613 13.082 l a do Md'i a u a n h e vdi l a n h d
11.138 1I,4IC 11.3IC 11,366
6,689 5,329 4 , 9 8 6 4 , 9 8 2
0,650 0.686 0,731 0,757 0,783
0,875 0.867 0,856 0,850 0.843 0 - c a p t r e n (CT): C r o n b a c
0,379 0.711 0,729 0.770
0.879 0.739 0.7''8 0,708
Bie'n_phi! h d p Bie'n phil h d p B i e n phii h d p BlerLphii h d p Bie'n phu h d p I's A l p h a = 0 , 8 1 9 Bie'n khong phii hdp B i e n nhil h d p Bie'n p h u h d p T h a n a do M&'i o u a n hfe vdi ianh d a o - c a p tr&n Ian 2 (CT): Cronharh'^ Alpha = ft,879 C T 2
C T 3 C T 4
7,474 7 , 3 7 3 7 . 4 2 9 T h a n s do Md'i i D N I
D N 2 D N 3
5.31C 5 , 3 8 4 5,321
3,321 3,044 3.092
0.747 0.765 0.789 u a n h& vdi d 6 n e n e h i e p ( D N
1,308 1,316 1,350
0.707 0,674 0.568
0,846 0.831 0 . 8 0 8
B i e n phil h d p B i ^ n phi) h d p : C r o n b a c h ' s A l o h a = 0 . 8 0 2
0 . 6 6 8 0,701 0 , 8 1 5
B i e n phu h d p Bie'n phii h d p T h a n a d o C d hfii d a o t a o va t h a n e t i e n (DT): C r o n h 3 r h \ AInha = 0.786 D T I
D T 2 D T 3 D T 4
6 , 6 4 9 6.642 6 , 6 7 2 6 , 6 9 0
7,757 7,894 7 , 7 4 9 8,050
0.606 0,579 0.624 0,562
0,726 0,741 0 , 7 1 8 0 , 7 4 9
Bie'n phil h d p Bie'n phii h d p B i e n phil h d p R i e n Phil h d p T h a n e d o D i e u k i € n c 6 n e v i e c ( D K l : C r n n h a r h \ Alpha = n.S18 D K I
DK""
D K 3 D K 4
7,466 7.396 7 , 3 6 6 7 , 3 4 7
5,621 6 , 2 1 0 6,12C 6, IOC
0,714 0.640 0.613 0,592
0 , 7 3 4 0.771 0 . 7 8 3 0 . 7 9 3
R i p n phil h d p Rrpn phil h d p Bie'n phil h d p R i e n nhii h d p T h a n a d o P h u c Itfi ( P L ) ; C r o n b a r h ' s AInha - n , 7 ( l T
P L 3
H L 3 5 . 7 1 6 5 . 7 ' ' 8 5 . 6 1 6
2 , 4 8 9 2 . 7 5 3 2 . 6 1 2
0.714 0,506 0,569
0 . 5 4 5 0.777 0 . 7 0 6
Rrpn phil h d p Bie'n phil h d p R i e n phii h d p T h a n e do H a i l o n e ( H L ) : C r o n b a c h ' s Alpha - " , •**^
4 . 3 3 6 4 , 3 3 2 4 , 3 4 7
4 , 6 0 6 4 , 7 2 5 4 . 6 1 7
0,795 0.779 0.803
0,847 0 , 8 6 1 0 . 8 4 0
R i ^ n phil h d p R i ^ n p h u h d p B i e n phil h d p |
thoa m a n c o n g \ vien q u a n ly lai T a p d o a n Vietjet A u l a Ti4n Wong;
M o i q u a n h e cS'p tren; Bon chat c o n g v i e c ; B i e u k i i n l a m v i e c va Phuc Wi. ^ DLTa vao CO sd ly thuyet neu trgn, tac gia xay dimg m o hmh n g h i i n culi nhit Hjnh.
PhtUfng phdp nghien Cfiu T a c gia s l d u n g phUcIng p h a p nghien cilu dinh tinh va dinh ludng. Dit lieu sau Idii thu t h a p duoc ma h o a , p h a n tich t h o n g qua c a c c o n g cu, nhU; t h o n g k e mo ta, C r o n b a c h ' s Alpha, p h a n tfch n h a n to k h a m p h a ( E F A ) , p h a n tich hoi quy, phan tich p h u o n g sai, b a n g phSn m e m SPSS 20.
T h a n g Likert 5 d i e m la mu'c p h u hop vdi n g h i e n ciJu n a y . M 6 i b i e n s e diJdc danh gia trSn t h a n g d o Likert tif d i e m I (Hoan t o a n k h o n g d o n g y ) d e n d i e m 5 (Hoan t o a n d o n g y ) . T a c gia sif d u n g 300 phieu k h a o sat tri/c t i e p cho doi t u o n g khao sat la n h a n v i e n cS'p q u a n ly Iai Coteccons, thu v e 2 7 2 p h i e u va s6' p h i e u h o p le la 2 6 8 p h i e u . T h d i gian k h a o sat tif ngay 3 1 / 1 0 / 2 0 1 8 de'n n g a y 3 1 / 1 2 / 2 0 1 8 .
KET QUA NGHIEN CL/U
Ddnh gid dg tin cay cua thang do K e t quii k i e m dinh dp tin c a y (Bang 1) cho tha'y, do'i vdi c a c n h a n to doc lap, cic bie'n d e u d d m biio, chi c o bie'n C T I co he so hfflng q u a n bie'n tong la 0,3 < 0,6 nen loai bie'n nay. C o n , doi vdi nhSn to phu thuoc "Sif hai l o n g " c o h e so Cronbach's Alpha c i a thang d o la 0,894 > 0,6; h e so tuong quan bie'n t6ng c u a c a c bie'n quan sal trong thang do d e u lOn hon 0 , 3 . Vi vay, tat ca c a c bie'n quan sat d e u diroc cha'p nhan va duoc sif d u n g dc' r b a n tich nhSn 16'.
Phdn tich EF.A
Phan tich EFA cCc.: /, doc lap - "tW^"" ; ? ' ' * " " ' * ' ^•^''^ "^ho tiiJ-y, chi s o K M O = 0 . 7 9 0 > 0 . 5 ^ a k f t q u a k i 6 m dtnh Barilet s T e s l la 366,495 v d i mtJc
\ - ^ , ' \ ^ ^ - " - - ; ° ° ° " = ° ' ' ' 5 . chiing to p h a n tich n h a n to la thich hop vdi djf lieu n g h i e n cUu, d u b e u d u n g dS p | , a „ . ( d , E F A la h o a n l o a n h o p i > v a c a f b i 6 ' n , 1 lUdng q u a n vdi nhau t r o n s tdng ih"'
T a i m i J c g i a Iri Ei;.< ; . a i „ g ^ :
> 1, c h o M y , 26 b i e n u - j n , , , - 1 p h a n t h a n h 7 n h a n to v 6 ; o n s o h , , ^ " " " : trfch la 7 0 , 5 7 5 % > 5 0 ' o f j u „ ^ " » ' t h a y , n h a n to' n a y cd the -n, .u. J* '-''"'
inich ct !dc
72
70,575% bien thi6n cua di? lieu. Ket qua nay phu hdp vdi tieu chuan ddnh gia ciia phi/tJng phap phan tich nhan to'. Vi the, ket qua EFA la dang tin cay va co the siJ dung cho phkn tich hoi quy d brfdc theo.
Phdn tich EFA cua bii'n phu thupc Kg't qua phkn tich EFA cho thay, chi so KMO = 0,750> 0,5 va ket qua kiem dinh Bartlet's Test la 472,441 vdi mtJc y nghia Sig. = 0,000 < 0,05, chiJng to phan tich nhan to la thich hdp vdi dif Heu nghien cd'u, diy lieu diing di phkn tich EFA la hoan toan hdp ly. Tai mu'c gia tri Eigenvalue = 2,477> 1, cho ta thay 3 bie'n quan sat se difdc phan vao duy nha't 1 nhom nhSn to' vdi tong phu'dng sai trich la 82,575% > 50%. Di^u nay cho thay, nhSn to' nay co the giai thich du'dc 82,575% bien thien cua dff lieu. K6't quk nay phu hdp vdi tieu chuan danh gia cua phu'dng phap phan tich nhan to'. Vi the', kS't qua EFA la dang tin cay va co the su' dung cho phan tich hoi quy d bu'dc theo.
Phdn tich hSi quy tuye'n tinh bpi Kiem tra ma trdn hi sd tuang quan bien tong
Ke't qua (Bang 2) cho thay, Sig. cua cac cap phan Iich tUdng quan giiJa bien phu thupc vdi cac bie'n doc lap {TL, CV, CT, DN, DT, DK) deu < 0,05, ngoai trii bien PL. Ve moi quan he giiJa cac bie'n con lai, kiem dinh tu'dng quan Pearson cho tha'y, miJc ttfdng quan cua mot so bien <0,05, nen cd dau hieu xay ra hidn tu'dng da cong tuye'n, tac gia se thifc hien kiem dinh ri6ng biet de khang dinh hoac bac bo dieu nay.
Kiem dinb mp hinh hdi quy tuyen tinh bpi vd cdc gid thuyi't nghiin cffu
ThiTc hien phan tich hoi quy tuy6'n tinh bOi vdi 6 bien doc lap: Tien lu'dng, tien thifdng, phu cap (TL); Ban chat cong vi^c (CV); Moi quan he vdi lanh dao - cap tren (CT); Moi quan he vdi dong nghiep (DN); Cd hgi dao tao va thang tig'n (DT); va Dieu kien cong vi6c (DK) vdi bien phu thugc la Sif hai long cua nhan vien cap quan ly (HL). Tac gia SIJT dung phu'dng phap Enter, du'a ta't ca cac bien vao ciing mot Irfdt.
Ket qua tdm tat mo hinh hoi quy tuyd'n tinh bgi (Bang 3) cho tha'y, R^ = 0,791 va R^ hieu chinh = 0,786. Dieu nay chd'ng to, mo hinh hoi quy du'dc xay du'ng g6m c^c bien doc lip: DK, DIM, TL, CT, DT, CV giai thich difdc 78,6% bie'n thien ciia bien phu IhuOc - HL (Sy hai long cua nhan vien cap quan ly Cong ty C6 phan Xay difng Coteccons).
BAHG 2: MA TRAN HE SO TtfONG QGAN PEARSON
TL CV CT
DN PL DT DK HL
Peanson Correlation Sig (Ztailed) Pearson Correlation Sig. (2tailed) Pearson Correlation Sig (2tailed) N
Pearson Correlation Sig. (2tailed) Pearson Correlation Sig (2tailed) Pearson Correlation Sig (2tailed}
Pear.son Correianon Sig. (2tailedj Pear.son Correlation Sig. (2tailed)
TL 1 ,263"
,000 ,185"
,002 268 ,115 ,06 i ,134- ,029 ,331"
.000 ,123- ,045 ,370"
,000 CV .263"
,000 1 .336"
.000 268 .197"
,001 ,051 ,404 ,608"
,000 ,564"
,000 ,619"
,000 CT .185"
.002 .336"
,000 1 268 ,056 ,360 ,072 .238 ,250"
.000 ,338"
,000 ,213"
,000 DN
,115 ,061 .197"
.001 ,056 ,360 268 1 ,208"
,001 ,137' ,024 ,074 ,227 ,154' ,011
PL ,134'
,029 ,051 ,404 ,072 .238 268 ,208"
,001 1 ,095 .PO ,076 ,218 ,038 ,537
DT .33i"
.000 ,608"
,000 ,250"
.000 268 ,137- ,024 ,095 .120 1 ,540"
,000 ,874"
,000 DK ,123"
,045 .564"
,000 ,338"
.000 268 ,074 .227 ,076 ,218 ,540""
.000 1 .560"
,000 HL ,370"
,000 ,619" .000 ,213" ,000
268 ,154" ,011 ,038 ,537 ,874" .000 ,560" ,000 1
** Cd y nghTa thdng ke d mdc sai sd 1% (2iailed)
*. Cd f nghia thong ke d nnic sai so 5% (2taiiedj
Md hinh 1
R 0,889-'
BAMG 3:
R^
0,791
mffc DQ GIAI THlCH CGA MO HIPHH R^ higu chinh
0,786
Sai so udc iiidBs.
0,485
Durbin-Watson 1,122 BAMG 4: KET QUA MO HINH HOI QGY DA BIEN
Big'n Hang s d ' c TL CV CT DN DT DK
H^sd'chifa chu^n hda
B -1,098
0,153 0.119 0,084 0,021 0.850 0,153
Saisd*
chu^n 0,277 0,048 0,046 0,043 0,056 0,045 0,049
Hgsd' chu^n hda
Beta 0,097 0.102 0,060 0.011 0,730 0,115
Cia t r j t -3,970
3,179 2,601 1,940 0,368 18,9.36 3,131
Sig.
0,000 0,002 0,010 0,054 0,713 0,000 0,002
Da cdng tuyg'n D$ chSfp nhSn
cua bid'n 0,857 0,517 0.828 0,937 0,538 0,590
VIF 1.166 1,936 1.208 1.067 1.857
!,696 1,166
Ket qua phan tich ANOVA cho thay, gia tri kiem dinh cd y nghTa th^ng ke (Sig. = 0,000 < 0,05). Nghia la, gia thuyet HO; tap hdp cac bie'n dgc lap khong cd moi hen h6 vdi bie'n phu thupc bi bac bd. Vi the, mo hinh hoi quy difdc dif doan la phu hdp diJ lieu nghien cd'u.
Ke't qua xac dinh he so' hoi quy (Bang 4) cho tha'y, cac nhan lo: TL, CV, CT, DT, DK difdc diT doan trong mo hinh hoi quy deu cd tac dong de'n dgng life lam viec cua nhan vien ca'p quan ly tai Cong ty Co phan Xay diTng Coteccons cua tat ca cac nhan to deu la 0,000 <0,05. Trong khi do, nhan to' DN khong dam bao yeu cau, nen bi loai.
Bdi vay, mo hinh hoi quy chuan hda bieu thi cac nhan to' anh hu'dng den sif hai long cua nhan vien cap quan ly tai Cong ty Co phan Xay du'ng Coteccons difdc xac dinh nhu* sau:
HL = 0.731 DT + 0,115DK + 0,105 CV + 0.098TL + 0,062CT
Economy and Forecast Revv
73
KET LUAN VA KIEN NGH!
Ke't qua nghien ciJu cho diay, co 5 nhan to anh hifdng den sif hai long cija nhSn vien cap quan ly tai Cong ty C6 phan Xay difng Coteccons, g6m: Tien lu'dng, ti^n thifdng, phu cap (TL); Ban chat cong viec (CV); Md'i quan he vdi lanh dao - cap tren (CT); Cd hgi dao tao va thang tien (DT);
Dieu kien cong viec (DK). Trong dd, nhan to' Cd hpi dao tao va thang tien cd anh hifdng manh nha't va nhan to'Mo'i quan he vdi lanh dao - cap tren cd anh hu'dng ye'u nha't.
Du'a tren ke't qua nghien cu'u, de giff chan difdc ngifdi gioi, theo chung loi, thdi gian tdi Cdng ty can thifc hien cac giai phap sau:
vi Ca hpi ddo tgo vd thdng tii'n, Cdng ty can phai gap rut xay difng chifdng trinh dao tao rieng biet cho nhdm nhan vien ca'p quan ly. trong do cd stf ckn bang giiJa kie'n thu'c chuyen mon va nhflng ky nang lanh dao vi hien tai dang cd sif thien lech nghiem trong ve hu'dng chuyen mon trong hoat dgng dao tao cua Cong ty (chie'm dg'n 85%). Chu'dng trinh dao tao phai hifdng den viec trang bi cho nhan vien cap quan ly nhiJng ky nang can thiel khi hg dam nhan cac vi tri cao ca'p hdn.
Ve Dieu kien cdng viec, Cdng ty phai chu trpng cai thien dieu kien cdng viec cua nhdm nhan vien cap quan ly cd thdi gian dai lam viec tai cong tru'dng, nhu':
Chi huy tnfdng, Chi huy phd. l/u ti6n nhan vien cap quan ly lam viec tai dia phu'dng, tuyen dung nhieu khu vifc viing/mien d^ han che dieu dgng cong tac, giam thieu thdi gian cong tac xa d mot cdng tru'dng hay ndi long quy dinh gidi ban ve tham nha.
v l Bdn chat cong viec, Cdng ty can thifc hien cac bien phkp tuydn truyen noi bg de cai thien hinh anh ciia
nganh xay difng, dong th- i^ "^"^^^^gnS, gia lai sif phan cong, phar -ihiem trong "yi bd Coteccons di dim b. o -diing n=,uo^
dung viec". Cong ty phai >ao diSu ki^n ae nhan vien cap quan ly difdc lioc hoi va aap iJng nhifng thay doi cua ^-ong viec SiJ can bang giiJa ddi song ca nhan va cong viec phai difdc dam bao phu hdp ydi dam mg nguyen vong cua nhSn vien cap quan ly^
Ve Tiin luang, tien thudng, phu cap.
viec danh gia miJc thifdng can drfdc xay difng Iheo mgt cd che khoa hoc vdi flnh hinh hoat dgng cua Cdng ty va thanh tich ca nhan vdi nhij'ng trgng so' nhat dmh.
Viec gan mifc thii lao cua ca nhan vdi ket qua cua Cdng ty se lam cho nhan vi6n cap quan ly cd'ng hien nhieu hdn de dat difdc cac muc tieu da dat ra va cung cam tha'y hai long hdn, vi minh difdc dai ngO xi?ng dang vdi cong su'c bd ra.
Ve Mdi quan he vdi ldnh dgo - cdp trin, ckc cap quan Iy cua Cong ty dang quan triet rat tot nguyen tac dd'i xijf cdng bang vdi cap difdi cua minh. Mgt nhan to can difdc duy tri trong van hoa lanh dao cua Coteccons la sif lang nghe y kie'n tOf cap difdi cua minh de difa ra nhutig chien lifdc kinh doanh dung dan. Cdng ty can tie'p tuc phat huy sif nhiet tlnh hd trd cap difdi lif dgi ngu lanh dao cua Coteccons, dieu nay the hien tinh than binh dang trong cdng viec va lu6n hifdng tdi muc tieu chung cua tap thi.U
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