\ V \ NGHliN CU'U - TRAO B6I
Bl/OiC DAU NHAN DIEN TAC
D O N GCUA CUOC CACH MANG CONG NGHIEP LAN THty TU DEN HE
THONG CHINH TRI VIET NAM HIEN NAY
Lt Quang Hoa'
Tom tat: He thong chinh tri (HTCT) cita mot nUdc Id san phdm lich sit cti the, the nhiing cdc dac diem thdi dai, xu the quoc teluon la nhUng nhdn to tdc dgng manh me den ndi dung vd phtfdng thiic hoat dong, tS chtic bo mdy vd C(J che van hdnh cua cdc he thong chinh tri. Cuoc cdch miing cong nghiep 4.0 (CMCN 4.0) dangco nhiing dnh hiidng to Idn, phitc tap doi vdi HTCT cdc nUdc tren the gidi, trong do c6 Viet Nam. Bdi viet ndy tap trung phdn tich cdc tdc dong ctia CMCN 4.0 den cdc thdnh to cua HTCT, trong do tap trung nhieu nhdt vdo van de qudn tri Nhd niidc d Viet Nam hien nay.
Tii khoa: cdch mang cong nghiep lan thii tti; he thong chinh tri
Abstract: The political system of each country is a specific historical product, but the characteristics of the times, international trends are alwaysfactors that strongly affect the content and mode of operation, organizing the apparatus and operating mechanism of political systems. The industrial revolution 4.0 (1.4.0) is having great and complex influences on the political system countries in the world, including Vietnam. This paper focuses on analyzing the impact of industry 4.0 on elements of the political system, most focusing on the issue of State governance in Vietnam today.
Keywords: Fourth industrial revolution; political system
Ngdy nh&n hai: 05/8/2019 Ngdy sita bdi: 04/9/2019 Ngdy duyet ddng: 25/9/2019 1. Ddi vdi dang chinh tri phat trien va doi m6i phiicfng thiJc hoat
„ , . . - » . , . . . V .» u- u- dong cua minh trong tinh hinh mdi.
Dang chinh tri la mpt yeu to, bo phan • ^ "
trong he thong chinh tri, daoc xac dinh Trong ky nguyen so hoa va bimg no CO vai tro lanh dao toan he thong va toim thong tin hien nay, cac dang chinh tri deu xa hoi khi Dang da trd thanh dang cam phai doi mat vdi hoac drtng trildc nhiJng quyen. Vai tro, vi tri, chile nang cia dang thach thiJc ve m6t moi triltog mdi, moi chinh tri khong mSt di bdi sU phat trien trildng chila dang nhieu lilc luong phan ciia c6ng ngh«, bdi sil thay doi can ban v4 bien. Lilc luong nay co thi mang tinh phuong thllc song, hoat dpng cua cong phan bien x4y dUng (nhU d Trung Qu6c, dan, nhUng nhat thiet phai dUOc cung co, Viet Nam, Cuba...); co the mang tinh doi
" TS, Hgc viin Chinh tri Quoc gia HS Chi Minh
Tap chi Khoa hoc Noi vu | 3
I NGHliN CCfU' TRAO DOI / / / trpng hoac mang tinh ddi lap (nhit cf My, cac nit6c phiicfng Tdy...), bat luan la theo duoi nhat nguyen hay da nguyen chinh tri.
Sti phan bien nay la thddng xuyen, thiidng trUc, ttt nhieu phia, tren nhieu cap dp, tren mpi linh vdc, bdng nhieu kenh, nhieu luong, theo nhiSng chieu thuan - nghich khac nhau, va khong gidi han trong khudn kho quoc gia. Thdng qua hoat dpng phan bien nay, cac dang chinh tri (ddc biet la cac dang cam quyen) cp sat lan nhau va co sat vcfi thtic tien, tti do cung co dang vflng manh ve td ttidng, td chtic va dac biet la dda ra dtipc dddng loi diing dan, phu hdp v6i cupc song, dtipc mpi ngticti tan thanh va ling hp. Yeu cau nay hien nay trd thanh yeu cau noi trpi, lien quan den sti ton vong cua cdc dang chinh tri.
Thdi gian vtia qua, mpt sd kien ndi bat phan anh tac dpng cua CMCN 4.0 den hoat dpng cua dang chinh tri la cupc chay dua gifla Dang Cpng hoa va Dang Dan chu trong bau cfl tong thdng My 2016.
Theo do, mpt bai bao dflpc coi la bai viet cua nam (text of the year) "Ich habe nur gezeigt, dass es die Bombe gibt" dang ngay 03/12/2016 tren Das Magazin da dieu tra ve viec Big Data giup Trump chien thang trong cupc bau cfl 6 My nhfl the nao.
Cu the, thang 6/2016, Trump da thue cac chuyen gia Cambridge Analytica (CA) - mpt cong ty nho d London chuyen nghien cflu Big Data cho chien dich tranh cfl cfla minh. Cong ty nay da dfla ra mpt he thong giai phap hflu hieu nhdm phat hien ra va thau hieu tflng tinh each cua moi cdng dan My - nhflng cfl tri cua cac cuoc bau cfl. He
th6ng giai phap cia Cambridge Analytica can ban dUa tren ba phUOng dita chinh:
(1) Phan tich hanh vi (Behavioral analysis) theo mo hinh OCEAN; (2) Nghien cUu can than Big Data; (3) Quang cao nham muc tita (Targeted advertising). Theo do, cong ty nay ciing vdi doi ngu van dpng tranh cU cua Trump da gii hang loat cac thong diep, cac cam ket khac nhau thong qua mang xa hpi (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram) den tiing cfl tri. Dieu dac biet la cac thong diep, dinh hfldng, cam ket chinh tri ay dflOc thift ke mpt each ti mi, chi tiet, tfl mau sac, hinh anh, tieu phu de... nham phu hpp vdi tam ly, sd thich cua tflng khu vUc, tflng khu dan cfl nhd, tham chi tflng cfl tri rieng biet. Chinh each thflc nay da gay dfldc hieu flng, sfl dong cam va sflc lan tda cUc ky manh me cua cac thong diep, cam ket chinh tri.
Ngoai ra, cong ty nay cung cung cap cho dpi ngu van ddng tranh cfl cua Trump m6t phan mem cho biet xu hudng chinh tri cung nhfl tinh each cua cac cU dan, gia dinh, dia hat nay hay cu dan, gia dinh, dia hat khac, tU do nhflng van dpng vien tranh cfl cd the dieu chinh each giao tiep, thuyet phuc, hpi thoai cua minh sao cho phu hap va hieu qua nhat vdi hp. Tat ca nhflng cupc giao tiep, thuyet phuc, hpi thoai ay se cd phan phan hoi cua ngUdi dan, nhflng phan hoi do dupc ghi ngUpc vao phan mem Ung dung tren, va dfl li^u chuyen thing ve trung tam phan tich cua CA. Cdng ty xac dinh ra 32 loai tinh each tam ly cua dan My, tap trung d 17 bang CA cung chUng minh ring nhflng ngudi trung thanh vdi 6 to My hien nhien la nga
4 Tap chi Khoa hpc Noi vu
\ \ \ NGHIEN CiTU - TRAO DOI
theo Trump[l]. Ket qua phan tich nhflng phan h6i cua cfl tri cflng nhfl ve sd thich, nhan each cua cfl tri giup cho chien dich cua Trump nhan biet dflcfc dinh hflcfng chinh tri cua minh 6 dau la phu hcfp nhat va quyet dinh cua dai ban doanh ve viec tg.p trung vao Michigan va Wisconsin vao nhflng tuan cuoi cung chinh la dfla tren phan tich dU Heu [2].
Vcfi each lam do, ngflcfi ta nhan thay cupc tranh cfl gifla Donald Trump vdi Hillary Clinton vdi chien thang thupc ve Trump va do la mpt chien thang it ton kem va nhi^u hieu qua nhat. Theo so lieu tfl Uy ban BSu cfl Lien bang. Trump da huy dpng dfldc t6ng so 270 trieu USD ke tfl khi bat dau chien dich tranh cfl vao thang 6/2015.
Trong khi Hillary Clinton huy dpng dflcfc 521 trieu USD, gap doi khoan tien ma Trump huy dpng dfldc. Nhflng 237 trieu chi phi cho truyen hinh, 53 trieu cho nhan vien va cac tinh nguyen vien ho trd tranh cfl, mpt khoan tien \dn cho cac bao, dai, cac phfldng tien truyen th6ng. Do cung la ly giai tai sao khi xem cac phfldng tien truyen thong nhfl bao, dai thi co ve HUlary dfldc danh gia cao hdn Trump[3].
Hien nay, co nhflng quan diem trai chieu ve Big Data doi vcfi hoat dpng cua cae dang chinh tri. Co quan diem cho rang cac dang chinh tri hoach dinh chien Iflpc dfla vao phan tich dfl lieu Icfn se an chfla nhieu rui ro va nguy hiem bcfi lien quan den van de an ninh ca nhan, dp trung thflc, phfldng phap phan tich va dac biet la tinh thu dpng, phu thupc vao phan tich dfl lieu cua cac dang, v.v.[4], trong khi do
cf An Dp van cho rang Dfl heu se la anh sang chi dfldng cho chien trfldng chinh tri d day trong bau cfl nam 2019.
Dang Cpng san (DCS) Viet Nam cung dang tflng bfldc thich flng vdi cac yeu cau, doi hdi cua tinh hinh mdi. Cd the ndi rang, vdi sfl lan tda manh me cfla cac nhan to khoa hoc, cong nghe va doi mdi sang tao trong boi canh CMCN4.0 da tac dpng manh me dac biet tao ra nhflng thach thflc Idn doi vdi DCS Viet Nam - tfl to chflc bp may, phfldng thflc boat dpng (cam quyen), cho den cong tac nhan sfl cfla Dang. Thach thflc can ban doi vdi Dang ta trong boi canh mdi cua sfl phat trien khoa hpc, cong nghe, thong tin hien nay chinh la thach thflc doi vdi van de he tfl tfldng cua Dang.
Mpt moi trfldng mdi noi, mpt khong gian tfl tfldng mdi noi - khong gian mang vdi sfl thong tri cua cac mang xa hpi dang dat ra nhflng thach thflc nghiem trpng ca ve van de bao ve nen tang tfl tfldng cfla Dang cho den van de truyen ba tfl tfldng. Cflng vdi nhflng van d^' cfl nhflng trong boi canh mdi cfla sfl phat trien cong nghe thong tin (CNTT) nhfl "diln bien hda binh", "dau tranh chong cac luan diem sai trai, xuyen tac, thu dich",v.v.. thi hang loat nhflng tac dpng mdi cfla cdng nghe len van de he tfl tfldng cua Dang dang dat ra nhfl xda nhda ranh gidi cac 'he tfl tfldng ta-hflu truyen thong'; "tfl duy lai ve Chfl nghia xa hpi";
thuc day cac tfl tfldng duy ly trong mpi hnh vflc, tfl tfldng ve cdng nghe quan ly xa hpi mang tinh phi chinh tri, tfl tfldng phi tap trung hda, tfl tfldng dan tuy... Cung dflng trfldc thach thflc ddi vdi he tfl tfldng
Tap chi Khoa hoc Ndi vu | 5
^ P NGHIEN COU-TRAO DPI m cua dang cam quyen nhfl DCS Viet Nam, DCS Trung Quoc dang dp dung phan m^m Blookchain vao flng diing "thang diem cdng dan" va tich hdp vdi phan mem "hpc tap de trd thanh cfldng quoc"- moi cdng dan, dang vien Trung Qudc tai flng dung nay ve dien thoai, may tinh cua minh, moi ngay md ra de dpc chu trfldng dfldng ldi cfla Dang va nghe chu tich Tap Can Binh ndi ve tfl tfldng cua DCS Trung Quoc va "giac mdng Trung Hoa". Moi Idn dpc va nghe nhfl vay se dfldc cpng diem vao thang diem cdng dan - tinh theo thdi Ifldng nghe va dpc. Lieu rang Dang ta se flng phd va chfl dpng nhfl the nao trfldc nhflng tac dpng cua boi canh mdi nay doi vdi van de bao ve va truyen ba nen tang tfl tfldng cfla Dang hien vdn dang la mdt trong nhflng thach thflc nghiem trong va rat cap bach.
DCS Viet Nam boat ddng trong khudn kho Hien phap va phap luat. Dang the che hoa dfldng loi, chinh sach cua minh thanh phap ludt cfla nha nfldc. Do do, cd le thach thflc Idn nhat va hien hien nhat doi vdi Dang Iflc nay la van de xac dinh tdm nhin chien Ifldc va hien thflc hoa muc tieu, chien Iflpc cfla minh dap flng dfldc yeu cau cfla CMCN 4.0. Viec ban hanh 2 nghi quyet quan trpng so 05 va 06/Hpi nghi Trung fldng 4 (khda XII) ve Ddi mdi md hinh tang trfldng kinh te va Hpi nhap kinh te qudc te cho thay Dang ta nhan dien rat ro sflc ndng va sfl anh hfldng to Idn cua CMCN 4.0 doi vdi viec hoach dinh chfl trfldng, dfldng loi phat trien dat nfldc trong giai doan hien nay Tuy nhien.
viec xac dinh each ti^p can cu the ve each mang eong nghiep 4.0 phfl hdp vdi dieu kien, nang Iflc, trinh do cfla Viet Nam lai la mdt thach thflc Idn ddi vdi Dang trong hoaeh dinh muc tieu chi^n Ifldc cfla minh.
Thflc te tren the gidi hien nay, tuy theo trinh dp phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi va muc tieu. tdm nhin ehien Ifldc ve phat trien edng nghe, cae qude gia tren th^ gidi cd each tiep can khac nhau ve CMCN 4.0.
Cac qude gia von da phat huy dfldc ldi the eua Cach mang cdng nghiep 3.0 nhfl Dflc, Nhat Ban, Hoa Ky, Han Qude, tham chi ca Trung Quoe va mpt sd nfldc Ddng Nam A deu cd doi sach rieng phu hdp. Chang han, khac vdi Dflc, Nhat Ban chpn hinh thai Xa hpi 5.0 (xa hdi sieu thdng minh lay con ngfldi lam trung tam) lam muc tieu phat trien vi cho rang Cdng nghiep 4.0 cua ngfldi Dflc chi tap trung vao san xuat cong nghiep, trong khi Xa hdi 5.0 hfldng tdi sfl trfldng thp va chat Ifldng cupc song cua con ngfldi vdi mpt he thdng phuc ldi xa hpi hieu suat cao dfla tren nen tang cdng nghe sieu thdng minh. Trdng Xa hpi 5.0, khdng gian ao va thflc dfldc tich hdp va hien thflc hda thdng qua flng dung tien bd ciia cac cdng nghe mdi nhfl tri tue nhan tao (AI), Internet ket noi van vat (loT), cdng nghe rd-bdt va dfl lieu Idn. Tren cd sd do, hang hda va dieh vu se den vdi mpi ngudi vao bat ky thdi diem, vi tri dia ly nao khdng phan biet khu vflc, tuoi tae, gidi tinh, ngon ngfl hay cac rao can khac nham dat dfldc tang trfldng kinh te va sfl thinh vflpne, ddng thdi van giai quyet dfldc cac thach thflc xa hdi. Hoa Ky thi nhan manh vai trd
6 Tap chi Khoa hoc Ndi vu
\ \ \ NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D6I I ciaa Internet trong san xuat cdng nghiep.
Vi vay thflc day Internet cdng nghiep ket noi van Vcit (Industrial Internet of Things).
Han Qudc hfldng tdi kinh te sang tao va trien khai Chien Ifldc cai each cdng nghiep 3.0 (Manufacturing Innovation) nham tap trung dfla cdng nghe thdng tin vao eac nha may, tfl dd, nhanh chdng xay dflng he thdng nha may thdng minh. Cac linh vflc cdng nghe chfl chdt dflpc flu tien thflc hien la: in 3D, dfl lien Idn, dien toan dam may, he thdng thflc - ao, cac he thdng ti^t Idem nang Ifldng, ky thuat anh noi ba chi^u, loT va bp cam bien. Trung Quoc tap trung thflc hien chien Ifldc Made in China 2025 (MIC 2025) nham dinh hfldng cho eae nganh san xuat trong thdi dai CMCN 4.0. MIC 2025 cua Trung Qude xac dinh 10 Hnh vflc trpng tam. Cdng nghe thdng tin the he mdi; may mdc dieu khien sd va rd-bdt cdng nghe cao; cdng nghe hang khdng va vu tru; ky thu^t hang hai va cdng nghiep ddng tau bien cdng nghe cao; thiet bi dfldng sat tan tien; phfldng tien tiet kiem nang Ifldng va sfl dung ngudn nang Ifldng mdi; vat lieu mdi; cdng nghe y sinh va thiet bi y te chat Iflpng cao; may mdc va thiet hi ndng nghiep.
O khu vflc Ddng Nam A, Singapore vdi nhflng Ipi the ve khoa hpc va cdng nghe eua minh dang tflng bfldc xay dflng mdt qude gia thdng minh. Thai Lan xac dinh nhflng muc tieu rd rang va cu the de hfldng d^n nen kinh te so.
Nhfl vay, khi xac dinh chien Iflpc phat trien trong bdi canh CMCN 4.0, khdng phai qudc gia nao cung dat trpng tam vao
cdng nghiep, nhflng tat ca deu phai dfla vao tien bd khoa hpc va cong nghe de dat dfldc cac muc tieu phat trien. Mdi qudc gia deu chpn cho minh mdt con dfldng rieng, phfl hdp vdi dieu kien, nhu cau va muc dich phat trien ma qudc gia hfldng tdi. CMCN 4.0 cua nfldc Dflc lay muc tieu phat trien cdng nghiep lam trpng tam (Industry 4.0), Nhat Ban hfldng tdi xa hdi 5.0 Idy con ngfldi lam trung tam (Society 5.0), Han Qudc hfldng tdi kinh te sang tao (Creative Economy), Trung Qudc dat muc tieu san xuat san pham, hang hda mang thfldng hieu quoc gia (Made in China), Singapore hfldng tdi Qudc gia thdng minh (Smart Nation),... Doi vdi Viet Nam, viec xac dinh dflng tiem nang thflc Iflc va dfla ra ddi sach phfl hdp dfla tren chinh nhu cau va dieu kien cfla Viet Nam de hfldng ldi tdi da tfl cudc each mang cdng nghiep mdi va phat trien ben vflng tiep tue la thach thflc doi Dang ta trong qua trinh hoaeh dinh chu trfldng, dfldng loi, chlnh saeh giai doan hien nay.
2.061 vdi nha nfldc
Cudc CMCN 4.0 ddi dau vdi cac nha nfldc tren ca hai phfldng dien tot va xau.
CJ mat tdt, nd giup eac nha nfldc thuc diy nen kinh te md, hnh boat, dfla tren kien thflc va ky nang; thflc dSy thfldng mai ben ngoai cac khdi thfldng mai truyen thdng;
cai thien hieu Iflc va hieu qua cua cac he thdng cham sdc y te va xa hdi; mang lai ldi the Idn ve phdng thu va an ninh - tat ca cac linh vflc nay deu tot len nhieu nhd sfl dung tdt nhat cac cdng nghe mdi ndi.
C5 mat xau, nd khien cac nha nfldc cd Tap ehi Khoa hpc Noi vu | 7
( NGHIEN CfJfU - TRAO D6I tii
the thay minh ngay cang bat Iflc trfldc cac mang Ifldi hen ket khdng Id, cac to chflc theo cap sd nhan dfldc hinh thanh va ngay cang gay dp Iflc. Viec dieu chlnh hdat ddng eua nhflng ngfldi khong Id toan cau nay (va tang thue tfl hp) ed the vflpt qua tam kiem soat cua tat ca cac nfldc trfl cac nfldc Idn nhat, nhfl Hoa Ky va Trung Quoc. Tfl phia cac cdng viee chfl dao cua nha nfldc la hoach dinh va thflc thi ehinh saeh cung gap day nan giai tfl CMCN 4.0.
Cach tiep can trfldc day ve nghiSn cflu va de xuat chinh saeh cdng dfldc hinh thanh tfl eac cudc CMCN trfldc dd vdi dac diem la 'nhflng nha lam chinh sach khi dd ed du thdi gian de nghien cflu mdt van de cu the va dfla ra cac phan flng hay khudn khd phap ly phu hdp. Toan bd qua trinh dfldc thiet ke d dang tuyen tinh va cflng nhac, theo each tiep can nghiem khac tfl tren xudng dfldi'. Hien nay, CMCN 4.0 tao ra ap Iflc va tdc dp thay ddi chdng mat khien 'cae nha lap phap va hanh phap dang bi thach thflc vdi mdt mflc dp chfla tflng cd va da phan cho thay la hp khdng the ddi phd'. Tiep den, viec quan ly dan cfl, quan ly edng dan trong bdi canh mdi cua CMCN 4.0 cflng gap rat nhieu thach thflc ddi vdi chinh quyen bdi hp la nhflng edng dan hien dai vdi nang Iflc flng dung cdng nghe thdng tin rat nhanh nhay va hieu qua.
Cu the, edng dan, ea nhan hoac nhdm cdng ddng gid day se ngay cang sfl dung cdng nghe de tim kiem quyen tfl chu Idn hdn, dieu nay se thach thflc quyen Iflc cua cac cd quan quan ly nha nflde. VI du, cdng nghe blockchain cd the thuc day
cac phfldng phap ti^p can mdi ddi vdi tai chinh ngan hang va ca nhdn. Mpi ngflcfi co thi chon giao dich vdi nhau b ^ g cac lo^
tiSn khdng chlnh thflc nhfl bitcoin thay vi bdng tien te chinh thflc do cac ngan hang trung fldng dieu hanh. Mpt vi du khac la, nang Ifldng tai tao cd th€ lam giam sfl phu thudc cua ngfldi dan vao ngudn eung cap nang Ifldng Ifldi dien qudc gia. Cung gidng nhfl cac nflde dang phat triSn da chuyen thing sang dien thoai di ddng, chu yeu bd qua giai doan dien tho^ii co dinh, vi vay hp ed the ehuyin thang sang mang Ifldi cung cap nang Ifldng dia phfldng. Cung vay, rat cd the nhflng ngfldi cd ky nang va hieu biet se tim each phat trien he thdng cdng nghe va truyen thdng dpc lap vdi nhflng ngfldi khdng Id vien thdng cua nha nfldc.. .Vi vay, niu cac cd quan chinh phu qua cham de ap dung cac edng nghi mdi, hp se that bai ca vl phfldng dien khdng tao ra Ipi ich hieu qua can thiet de duy tri cac dich vu cdng cdng va cdn lam tdn hai danh tieng cua ehinh phu.
Tfl each nhin khac ve xung dot xa hpi cung cd the thay thach thflc vdi quan tri nhd nfldc tfl CMCN 4.0. Rd rang, niu nhflng tac dpng dot pha cua edng nghe qua Idn va qua nhanh hoae neu chinh phu khdng ehu ddng quan tri dfldc chung, viec lam gia tang va bat binh dang cd the dan den tinh trang bat dn xa hpi nghiem trpng. Bieu hien de nhin thay nhat Id neu tang Idp trung Iflu trong xa hpi ngdy nay - nhflng ngfldi dang cd quyen Ipi trong hien trang, dot nhien nhan thay rang hien trans nhflng gi diln ra dang chdng lai hp, nhflng I Tap chi Khoa hpc Npi vu
\VV NGHIEN CifU-TRAO D6I gi robot da lam cho cac cdng nhan cdng
nghiep trong nhflng nam 80 va 90 cua the ky 20, tri tue nhan tao cd the lam thay chd mpt Ifldng Idn nhan vien van phdng va cae chuyen gia trdng nhflng nam tdi. Va thi la, mdt giai tang can ban trong xa hpi se mat cho dflng va quyin ldi, hp se ddn dp Iflc len cac chinh phu, mau thuan, xung dot hoan toan cd thi xay ra.
Nhfl vay, vdi nhflng dien bien thflc tien tren va xu thi phat trien cua nd trong tfldng lai da dat ra cho cac nha nfldc va chinh phu qudc gia nhflng thaeh thflc to Idn ve vai trd, chflc nang cfla minh. Thii nhdt, trong cd cau quyen Iflc chinh tri hien dai, nha nfldc d^n tdc khdng cdn la chu the duy nhat va toan nang trong viec thflc thi chu quyin qudc gia nfla, mac du no van la ehu the hang dau khdng the thay the. Chfl quyen tdi cao cfla nha nfldc dan tpc ve ddi ndi va ddi ngoai thi vdn dfldc duy tri nhflng ludn bi de dpa, bi chia se bdi hang loat eac trach nhiem qudc te, the che qudc tl, the chi phi nha nfldc (ddi vdi eac thoa thuan qudc te). ThiC hai, la tinh tfl chu trong dilu tilt kinh te vi md cua chinh phu hi suy giam nhieu, bi phu thupc, rang bude ngay cang Idn vao cae nang Iflc phat triin khoa hpc, cdng nghe va doi mdi sang tao. Nha nfldc ngay nay van gifl quyen can ban trong dieu tiet, can thiep, chi phdi cac ngudn Iflc va thi trfldng nhflng dang bi han che rdt Idn bdi sfl phat trien cua khu vflc doanh nghiep, tfl nhan - ndi ma thich ling rat nhanh vdi CMCN 4.0, cung nhfl bdi cac dinh che kinh te qudc te khae. Thi2 ha, cung vdi sfl phat trien cua khoa hpc
cdng nghe va bung no thdng tin la sfl phat trien sau rpng eua xa hdi cdng dan toan cau, nhflng yeu td mdi nay dang vfldt khdi sfl kiem soat cua nha nfldc. Cac cdng dan toan cau ngay nay ddi khi lai bieu dat dai dien cho mdt thiit che, to chflc nay khac ma lai khdng phai la dai bieu cho qudc gia dan tdc cu the nao. Van de nha nfldc that bai bdi di dan toan ciu, bdi bung nd thdng tin, bdi sfl vflpt bac cua khoa hpc cdng nghe dang dat ra nhfl mdt van de ndng hoi.
Ddi vdi Nha nflde Viet Nam ndi rieng, nhflng tac ddng cfla CMCN 4.0 den quan tri nha nfldc nhfl phan tich chung d tren vdi tat ca cac nfldc la cung khdng thi tranh khdi. (5 Viet Nam ed rat nhilu cdng trinh, bai viet, hpi nghi, hdi thao, dien dan trao ddi thao luan vl van de nay din eac hoat ddng thflc tiln la Chinh phfl Viet Nam chu ddng xay dflng chiln Iflpc va ban hanh nhieu chinh sach cu the nham tranh thu cd hpi va thich flng vdi CMCN 4.0. Tfl rat nhieu tri thflc va thflc tien ay, cd thi Ifldc thao d day mdt vai ndi dung can ban sau:
- Hdu hit cac hpc gia cung nhfl cac nha lanh dao Viet Nam diu coi CMCN 4.0 la cd hdi cho Viet Nam dot pha phat trien, tranh thu dfla tren nen tang khoa hpc cdng nghe, ddi mdi sang tao de cd cau lai kinh te, ddi mdi md hinh tang trfldng, nang cao nang suat, chat Ifldng, hieu qua sflc canh tranh nen kinh te, dam bao muc tieu phat trien nhanh, ben vflng. Tuy nhien, da sd cac chuyen gia cflng deu cho rang vdi thflc Iflc khoa hpc, edng nghe, ngudn Iflc cung Tap ehi Khoa hpc Npi vu | 9
I NGHliN CCIU - TRAO B6I Ht nhu cp che quan Iy hien tai, thach thflc se la khong nhd doi vdi quan tri Nha nfldc Viet nam nhim thich flng vdi CMCN 4.0 hien nay, Chi tinh rieng doi vdi nen hanh chinh Nha nUdc Viet Nam thi CMCN 4.0 da dat ra rat nhieu thach thflc trong qua trinh cai each; tfl thach thflc trong viec xay dung, hoan thien he thong the che, chinh sach cho den viec day manh flng dung nhflng thanh tUu cong nghe mdi vao nang cao hieu qua hoat dpng cua cac cP quan hanh chinh nha nUdc; tfl thach thflc trong yi^c xay dilng, nang cao trinh dp, nang lUc cfla ddi ngu can bp, cpng chflc cho den thach thflc trong viec giai quyet cac van de xa hoi cfla n^n hanh chinh, v.v.
- De tranh thu cac Ipi the, thdi co va giam thieu toi da cac anh hudng ti^u cUc cua cupc CMCN 4.0, Chinh phfl Viet Nam da xac dinh "tam nhin chien lupc" va cd "budc chuyen manh me tfl nhan dien sau sac sang hanh dpng quyet liet, khan truong" vdi viec tap trung vao cac giai phap, nhiem vu co ban nhU: Ve ha tang so va kinh te so; Ve the che, chinh sach va moi trudng kinh doanh; Ve he thong sang tap qudc gia va he sinh thai khdi nghiep; Ve phat trien nguon nhan luc cd ky nang va chat luong cao; Ve hpp tac va hdi nhap qudc te. He thdng cac giai phap va nhiem vu tren can phai dupc tien hanh mpt each ddng bp, thdng nhat, va thdng sudt. Tuy nhien, giai phap gan chat va dot pha nhat cho viec tan dung cp hpi va Ipi the cua CMCN 4.0 cd le la ve he thdng sang tao qudc gia va he sinh thai khdi nghiep. Cu the la phat trien he thong sang tao qudc gia lay doanh nghiep lam trung
10 I Tap chi Khoa hoc Npi vu
tam va trudng dai hpc la chu th^ nghien cflu manh. Nang cao tiem lUc va trinh dp khoa hpc cdng nghe trong nfldc dl cd the trien khai cac hfldng nghien cflu khoa hpc va cdng nghe lien nganh va xuyta nganh d trinh dp qudc te ve cdng nghe thdng tin, vat ly, sinh hpc, tri tue nhan tao. Tiep tuc tap trung thflc day he sinh thai khdi nghidp ddi mdi sang tao qudc gia de phat trien manh lUc lUang doanh nghiep khdi nghiep sang tao cd tiem nang tang trudng nhanh. Trien khai cd hieu qua De an He tri thflc Viet sd hda va De an 844 ve Hd trd he sinh thai khdi nghiep doi mdi sang tao qudc gia den nam 2025.
- Diem dang Iflu y nhat trong viec thich flng vdi CMCN 4.0 la viec Chinh p h i Viet Nam xay dung Chien lupc qudc gia vl CMCN 4.0. Chinh phu da giao cho Bd K€
hoach va Dau tU 3 nhiem vu, bao gom: (i) Xay dung Chien lUpc quoc gia CMCN 4.0, da trien khai va cudi nam2018sesobpbao cao de lay y kien phe duylt cua cap tren;
(ii) Xly dUng De an thanh lap Trung tam Doi mdi sang tap (DMST) qudc gia, tao mdi trudng thuc day nghien cflu KHCN, DMST tan dung ho trp cho nen kinh te trong nudc; (in) Xay dung mang ludi kft ndi ngudn nhan lUc chat luong cao, cflng nhau thflc diy KHCN phuc vu phat trie'n dat nudc. Trong chie'n lupc qudc gia ve CMCN 4.0, mpt diem dang chfl y nhat la chu truong tao lap mang ludi DMST ViSt Nam - ket ndi nhan tai Viet KHCN van CMCN 4.0.
Chuong trinh ket
DMST Viet Nam da dien noi mang ludi ra tfl 18/8 d&
24/8/2018 dupc khdi ddng vdi chu <J8 "suc
v w NGHliN CffU-TRAO D6I manh Thang Long, Tri tue Viet Nam", cho
thiy dflpc sflc manh cfla dan tdc, tri tue ciia ngudi Viet rat Idn va quy gia. Do do, cung nhau ket ndi khdi gpi lai khat vpng cdng hien xay dUng dat nUdc, gdp phan giup dat nudc bUt pha, trd thanh mdt nudc hien dai, thinh vflpng. Thdng ke cho thiy, hien cd khoang 4,5 trieu ngUdi Viet Nam dang d nUdc ngoai, trong do cd gan 400 ngan ngUdi dang hoat ddng trong linh vUc KHCN ma chung ta van chUa sfl dung dflpc. Dieu nay la rit lang phi. SU kien lan dau tien td chflc, quy tu ve nUdc 100 nha khoa hpc tre tieu bieu trong gidi KHCN dang sinh sdng, hpc tap, nghien cflu va lam viec d cac nudc tren the gidi ve Viet Nam dupc cpi la co hdi de ket ndi, tan dung thflc day DMST phat trien. Trong sd nay, cd the ke den GS Ngd Bao Chau, da thanh danh trong gidi Toan hpc qudc te, ve Viet Nam thanh lap Vien Toan cao d p la minh chflng rd rang cho cdng hien cua tri thflc thinh cdng trong linh vflc KHCN cho xay dung dit nudc.
Mang ludi DMST la mdt hoat ddng the hien rd net quan diem, chfl truong xuyen sudt trong thu hut nhan tai Viet de ddng gdp sU phit trien cua dat nUdc. Thdng qua mang ludi d chuong trinh nay, Chinh phu ky vpng nhflng ngfldi ve Viet Nam cd the chia se thim thdng tin, hole md them mdi quan he cl nhin tham gia chflong trinh de duy tri mang ludi ket ndi. Trung tim DMST dupc xem la mdi trUdng tdt tham khao due rut kinh nghiem the gidi ap dung tai Viet Nam, gin nhu se la diem den ma cac ca nhan Viet Nam cd the quay trd ve cdng hien vdi linh vflc hp tham gia. Tit
nhien, de xly dung cdn khd khan, thich thflc dac biet kinh phi, ngudn luc tai chinh cung nhu trmh tU thu tuc quy dinh cfla Nha nudc ve dit dai.
3. Doi vdi cac to chile chinh tri - xa hoi Vdi vai trd, vi tri quan trpng cua minh trong he thdng chinh tri, cac td chUc chinh tri - xa hdi cung khdng tranh khdi nhflng trd ngai, nhflng yeu ciu, ddi hdi mdi trong bdi canh CMCN 4.0 ngay nay. TrUdc tien dd la yeu cau phat huy hon nfla vai trd cua minh trpng viec tham gia vap quin ly nha nUdc, quan ly xa hdi, xay dung mdi trudng dan chu, van minh. Nhfl tren da phan tich ddi vdi quan tri nha nUdc, CMCN 4.0 d phuong dien nhit dinh cung tao ra nhflng chuyen biln quan trpng trong qua trinh dan chu hoa. Vdi sU lan tda cua tri thflc khoa hpc cdng nghe va phat triin thdng tin, sfl giao Iflu, trao ddi ddi hdi ngay cang phli dupc rdng md hon, khdng khi din chu, ddi sdng dan chu cung trd thanh nhu cau ngay cang bflc thiet hon. Van ddng trong bdi canh nhfl vay, cac td chUc chinh tri - xa hdi vdi tU cich II cac td chflc cua quan chflng nhan dan, cua cdng dan, dai dien trilc tiep cho nhu cau va Ipi ich cua ngudi din, cang cin thiet phli phat huy hpn nfla vai trd cua minh vap qua trinh quin ly xa hdi, vao qua trinh din chu hoa ddi song xa hdi d nUdc ta hien nay. Diy la yeu cau, ddi hdi cd tinh bflc thiit va ndi bat trong boi canh mdi ngly nay.
Tilp din, cac td chflc chinh tri - xa hdi can tiep tuc ddi mdi ve ndi dung va phflpng thflc hoat ddng dap flng yeu ciu ddi hdi mdi trong bdi cInh phat trien khoa Tap chi Khoa hpc Ndi vu | 11
I NGHliN CffU - TRAO BOI Hi hpc cdng nghe va bung nd thdng tin ngay nay. Ban than ddi tupng van ddng tuyen truyen cua cac td chflc nay da thay ddi, dac biet la trong tiep can thdng tin dudi thdi dai CMCN 4.0. Do dd, ddi hdi cac td chflc nay phai ddi mdi phupng phap mdi hy vpng cd the dem lai hieu qua. Them vao dd, mdt ndi dung quan trpng nfla la hoat dpng giam sat, phan bien cua cac td chflc nay cung nhat thiet phai dupc ddi mdi (dac biet la viec flng dung CNTT) chae chan se dem lai hieu qua rd ret hon. Tdm lai, ca hai chflc nang, boat ddng can ban cua cac td chflc chinh tri - xa hdi II van ddng tuyin truyen va giam sit, phan biln deu can thiit phai dupc ddi mdi trong bdi canh cua CMCN 4.0.
6 mdt phuong dien khac, cin nhan thiy rang, trong mdt mdi trudng md va thuan Ipi nhu CMCN 4.0, viec md rdng sU giao lUu, trao ddi, hpp tac, ddi thoai gifla cac chu the tren toan the gidi la mdt xu thi khach quan. Cac td chflc xa hdi cdng din, cac td chflc phi chinh phu... tren thi gidi ngay cang tham gia manh me vao ddi sdng chinh tri thi gidi va the hien vi tri, vai trd quan trpng cua minh. Nhieu van de toan cau bflc xuc da dupc cac td chflc nay giai quyet rat hieu qua. SU trao ddi, hpp tac gifla cac td chflc nay vdi chinh phu cac nudc va vdi nhau ngly cang gia tang va gili quyet ngay cang dupc nhieu van de ma ban than chinh phu, nha nUdc cac qudc gia cung khdng the lam dupc.
Trpng bdi canh chung ay, cung vdi sU phat triin manh me iy la yeu can phai ddi mdi manh me ndi dung va phuong thflc hoat ddng cua cac td chflc chinh tri - xa hdi
nudc ta cho phu hpp, thich nghi, dap flng dupc yeu cau, ddi hdi khi tham gia trao ddi, hpp tie. Dd thUc sU la thich thflc Idn ddi vdi he thdng cic td chflc chinh tri - xa hdi d nfldc ta hien nay.
Tdm lai, viec khio sat, dinh gia tie ddng cfla CMCN 4.0 den HTCT tren the gidi ndi chung va d Viet Nam ndi rilng la rat khd, ddi hdi phai cd nhilu tri thflc, thdi gian vl trai nghiem tilp tuc trong thdi gian tdi. Bli viet nly mdi phic thao dupe mdt sd tie dpng cP ban den dang chinh tri la vin dl truyin bi tU tudng, kit ndi vdi ngudi dan, ding vien va hoach dinh muc tieu tam nhin chien lupc phat trien qudc gia trong bdi canh mdi cua CMCN 4.0. Vdi nha nUdc chu yiu la vin de Ilm sao dl quan tri hieu qui, cung d p tdt dich vu cdngvl cd chinh sich, gili phip cu thi Ung phd vdi tdc dd phit trien cua CMCN 4.0 nhim tranh thu dUpc tdi da co hpi vl giam thieu nhflng tic ddng tieu cflc cua nd. Vdi cic td chflc chinh trj - xa hdi thi cp bin la chiu tic ddng din npi dung vl phuong thflc hoat dpng (van dpng tuyen truyen vi giim sat phan bien) tfl cudc CMCN 4.0.
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brandsvietnam.com/11207
4. Biswas (2018), "VW,yrd;„-„j„„,,.
data analytics for strategies is a risky move for political partiesV economictimes
indiatunes.com/nevifs/
12 Tap chi Khoa hoc Npi vu
