JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE DOI 10 18173/2354-1067.2015-00010 Social Sci, 2015. Vol. 60, No. 3. pp 57-62
This paper is available online at httpV/stdb.hnue.edu.vn
DAY HOC SUU TAM, DIEN DA QUA M 6 N VAN HOC DAN GIAN C* TRUCJNG CAO DANG SU PHAIM LANG SON
Dang The Anh
Kboa Khua hgt Xd hgi & Nhdn van. TrUdng Cao ddng Suphgm Lang Son
Tdm tat. Trong bai bao nay. tac gia gidi thieu mdt s6 khai niem cong cu, dinh ngbia hen quan va cac dac diem ve day hoc sUu tam, dien da, nhflng thii tuc can thilt de khao sat van hpc ddn gian, phiidng phap sUu lam va van ban hda nghien cflu thtfc dia. Ba btfdc trong day hoc stfu tim, diln da van hoc dan gian gdm chuan hi, liln hanh va tong kel Stfu ilm, diln da la hoat ddng day hoc theo hudng phat tnen nang lUc cua ngUdi hoc thong qua kha nang tu kham cac dieu mdi la til thtfc tiln va cd dtfdc lit chinh van ban stfu tam
TQkhoa: Van hpc dan gian, day hoc sUu tam, diln da.
1. Mcf dSu
Hoat ddng nghien cflu, k i l m tim cac con dtfdng, each thflc, giai phap ndng cao chit Itfdng day hpc trong cac trtfdng dai hpc, cao dang, dac bifit vdi kbdi trtfdng stf pham ngay cang trd nen d p bach bdn. Cac hoat dpng to chflc day hpc deu tiln den gan vdi thtfc tien giup sinh vien cd cp hdi ttf nang cao trinh do chuyen mdn va nghiep vu stf pham theo kha nang cua tflng ca nhan de' phuc vu hieu qua trong mdi trfldng gido due thdi ki ddi mdi, dap flng xu t h l hoi nhap [1. 2].
Dtfdi day la k i t qua ma trong thdi gian qua. chflng tdi da nghifin cflu, van dung day hoc stfu tam. dien da (DHST, DD) va btfdc ddu thu dtfdc mdt sd kit qua trong boat dpng td chflc DH mdn van hoc dan gian (VHDG) cho sinh vifin nganh stf pham Ngfl van va Viet Nam hpc 6 trUdng Cao ddng Stf pham Lang Sdn.
2. Noi dung nghien cu'u 2.1. Day hoc stfu tam, dien da
DHST, D D la hinh thflc to chflc day hpc (DH) Ihong qua viec giang vifin (GV) hudng ddn sinh vifin (SV) phat hien. Ihu Ihap, cung cdp tai lifiu cho hoat dSng nghien cflu. giang day sau lam viec ci mdi trfldng thflc dia Ddi vdi hpc phan V H D G ndi rieng. DHST. DD la rapt boat ddng chuyen mdn cd vi tri, vai trd va y ngbia quan trpng trong vific tao nen "the kieng ba chdn" vflng chac cho khoa ngbien cflu, giang day V H D G (Nghifin cflu li thuylt - nghien cflu hch sfl VHDG - difiu tra. stfu tlra V H D G ) .
Ngay nhan bai. 1/10/2014 Ngay nhan dang 01/4/2015 LiSn he Dang The Anh. e-mail: anhdangls@gmail com
Diing The Anh
Hoang Tiln Tiiu cho rdng: "Trong cac trtfdng stf pham cd dao tao gido vien VHDG, stfu lam VHDG la mdt boat ddng chuyen mdn cin thill va cd nhilu tac dung ich ldi ddi vdi vific hpc tap mdn VHDG ndi rifing cung nhU viec boi dtfdng ngbifip vu stf phara ndi chung cho SV. . Dac biet qua nhflng bud'i smh hoat VHDG cila nhan dan d td chflc trong dpt sflu tim. ngfldi SV se dtfdc cara nhdn trtfc tilp nhilu ddc trUng. thudc tinh ciia VHDG ma khi nghe giang va dpc sdch hp chi mdi nam dtfdc nhflng kbai niem trflu ttfdng, Id md. thdm cbi cdn ldn ldn" [4]. Do dd. du thdi gian ngan hay dai thi DHST. DD dtfpc xera la ddt thtfc hanh kha loan difin, giup cung co, md rpng va dao sdu nhflng kiln thflc cua SV ve VHDG.
Tbem vao dd. VHDG tai dia phtfdng dfldc hie'u la von van hpc iruyfin thdng cua cac dan tpc hinh thimh, phat tnfi'n d dta phtfdng. Vdi nhflng net rieng. VHDG dia phtfdng se gdp phan lara giau thfim vdn kien thflc va tinh ich dung cho ngfldi hpc .sau khi tot nghifip. Nhflng SV raa sau nay trd thanh giao vien Ngfl van hay can bp boat ddng trong linh vUc van hda,.. cd the' vfla tien hanh song songTioai dpng Ihtfc hanh mdn VHDG tai dia phtfdng vdi hoat ddng stfu tim. diln dd nhdm ihu thap ngudn VHDG sd tai, gdp phin "xda dan nhflng vung trang iren ban dd sUu tam VHDG dan tdc" va trd thanh tU lieu "sdng" cho nhflng tilt hoc, cdng trinh nghien cflu vfi VHDG dia phUdng.
Nhu vdy, DHST. DD chinh la vific td' chflc cac boat dpng DH gan vdi radi trUdng thuc te qua vific SV tU giai quyfit nhifira vu hpc tap bang cac hoat ddng tich ctfc cu the': lam vific ca nhan.
thao luan nhdm. thu thap thdng tin, kifi'm chflng, phan hoi. tdng kfit.. dudi stf htfdng dan cua GV, nham ndng cao hieu qua DH theo htfdng phai trie'n nang lUc va ren ki ndng ttf hoc cho SV.
2.2. Dac diem va cac htf6c trong day hoc stfu tam, dien da 2.2.1. Dac diem day hpc sUu tam, dicn da
Theo chflng tdi. DHST, DD cd mpt sd dac diem sau:
- Tinh thtfc hanh va lien he thtfc tifin: Bai hpc dtfdc Ihflc hien ngay tai mdi trtfdng thtfc dia.
SV dtfdc tri giac trtfc nfip va ghi nhdn nhflng hifin tUdng VHDG, ttf duy, nhdn xet va rut ra td'ng kfit theo hudng dan ciia GV. Hoat ddng tiep xuc, trao ddi y kien, cung dn, cung 6, cung lam vific...
tai dia ban sflu tara. dien da da dem lai nhflng kien thflc thtfc tien sinh ddng, da dang nen SV cd cd hdi, cd dieu ktcn de cung cd va hie'u sau hdn kiln thflc li ludn ve VHDG. Mat khac, DHST. DD tai dia phtfdng cung cd tac ddng tich ctfc tdi nhdn thflc va linh cam cua nhdn ddn sd tai trong viec khdl phuc, phat huy nhflng gia tri "dep" va loai ddn nhflng yeu to "can ltd" sinh hoat van hda ciia hp
- Tinh hen nganh: GV dinh htfdng cho SV vdn dung kiln thflc va phtfdng phap nghien cflu cua cac nganh khac vao hoat ddng stfu tdra, diln da VHDG. Bdi, khoa hoc ve VHDG ludn phai dat trong quan hfi ddi vdi cac nganh KHXH khac nhtf dan tpc hpc, sfl hpc, ngdn ngtf hoc, van hoa hpc (dac bifil la van hda dan gian).
- Phoi hdp nhieu phfldng phap day hoc (PPDH) khac nhau: GV chu ddng lfla chon cac PPDH phu hpp nhara to chflc cac hoat dpng hpc tap cho SV rapt each hifiu qua nhU hoat ddng nhdm, theo dtf an, dtfa trfin vln de
DHST. DD hieu qua vdi each thflc iam vific nhdm (il ngfldi). SV phai dUdc trang bi diy dil kien thflc, phfldng phap, each thflc, ki ndng va cd stf hudng din cua GV tien hanh stfu tim, dien da tai dia phtfdng. GV se "khoanh vung" va dinh htfdng "doi tac" phu hdp nhdm dem lai ket qua cho qua trinh hpc tdp cho SV.
Dgy hgr situ ldm. dien dd tpia mdn Vdn bgc ddn gian cbo .sinh vien ngdnh Supham NgQ van..
2.2.2. Cac budc trong day hpc sUu tSm, dien da
Dfi' td chflc DHST, DD, ca GV lan SV can tra IcJi dfldc nhflng cau hdi nhtf Vi sao phdi situ tdm'?: Suu ldm cdi gi'/; Chudn hj .sua ldm; Cdch .situ tdm lgi thuc dia: Nligl ki dien da: Xu li Ut lieu, bdo cda kit qud: NhQng dieu cam ky trang .sifu tdm.... tflc la cin thtfc hifin lot tien trinh gora 3 btfdc: chua'n bi - trie'n khai - tdng kit.
- Bifdr 1. Chudn hi:
+ Ltfa chpn dia ban stfu tlra, dien da la mdt vific lam cdn thilt trtfdc khi stfu tlra VHDG d bat cfl dau. Tuy vao rauc dich. thdi gian va Itfc Itfdng ma xay dtfng tieu chi chon dia ban dfi' stfu Idm. difin da VHDG. Doi tUdng chinh cua hinh thflc DHST. DD la SV. do dd GV nen chpn dia ban quen thupc nhtf thi Iran. xa... ndi raa gia dinh SV dang ctf tru.
+ Tien irara stfu llm, dien da la cdng vific tilp xuc vdi chinh quyin dia phtfdng va difiu tra ban dau ve tinh hinh VHDG tai dd. Tien trara quyet dinh khoang 50% thanh cdng cua hoat ddng stfu tdm, difin da. Thdng thtfdng. viec tien tram do GV bd mdn dam nhifim. vi song song vdi vific ltfa chpn dia ban cho SV thtfc hanh GV da ddng thdi tim hieu, nam bat mdt each cd ban nhflng thdng tin dam bao ti'nh kha Ihi cho cdng viec
+ Chud'n bi Itfc Itfdng stfu tim. difin da tflc la trang bi kiln thflc chuyen mdn (VHDG. lich sfl, van hda, ddn tdc, ngdn ngfl. ) va trang bi phtfdng tifin vdt chit (may anh, may ghi am cac loai, gidy but cdn thiet..).
- Budc 2. Tien hdnh:
Tren Ihtfc ll, ttf lieu VHDG ton tai d ba dang: "d'n" trong ki flc cua nhan dan, "hien" trong .sinh boat dien xtfdng. "co dinh" trong hinh thflc van ban, Ba dang nay cd moi quan he radt Ihilt vdi nhau. song dfi' c6 hifiu qua. ddi vdi radi dang SV phai sfl dung phUdng phap cho thich hdp.
chdng ban nhfl quan sat. phdng vln ddi vdi dang "I'n": ghi chep. quay phira. chup anh ddi vdi dang
"hien"...
PHltu scry TAM VAN HOC DAN GIAN (trang 2) Thong tin doi ttfUng thUc hien
A: Sinh vien I. Ho va ten:
2. Ldp 3. Khoa
4. Trudng . . . 5. Nganh hoc
6. Khda hoc:
B: Gidng vien l . H o va ten:
2. Ddn vi cdng tac-
4. Chuyen nganh GD&NC:
5. Lien he:
Thong tin ddi tUdng I. Ho va len
2 Tud'i' 3. Nghe nghiep:
4. Que quan:
5 Ch6 dhien tai:
6. Lien he:
Thdi gian vd dia diem sUu tam:
- Thdi gian' tfl. gid ngay ...
dln.-.gid,. ngay.,./../..
cung cap
.../ ..
Anh cda ddi ttfdng cung cap (nlu co)
+ Phtfdng phap quan sat. gifl vai tro bd trd cho cac phtfdng phap khac. Bang each tri giac trtfc tifip. SV ghi chep lai nhflng nhdn td cd lifin quan den doi ttfdng stfu tim (gdm ca ngtfdi cung
Dang The Anh
cdp l l n tac phi'm VHDG), cd y nghia doi vdi muc dich stfu tam. nhtf- nhflng bifin ddi. nhflng an diu, nhflng nguyen nhan sdu xa... li giai cho hifin ttfdng VHDG trong ddi sdng. Tuy nhifin, SV phai dara bao tinh he thong, tinh muc dich va tinh ke hoach khi thtfc hien phtfdng phdp nay.
+ Phtfdng phap phdng vln: thu thap thdng tin trtfc t i l p bdng ldi ndi qua hdi-ddp. Khi sfl dung phtfdng phap nay, SV can thilt lap he thong cau hoi gdi md, dieu tra (hai loai- cdu hdi tdng quat va cau hdi chi till) va ltfu y mdt cupc phdng vln tdt, Ihanh cdng la cudc phdng van khdng khien ctfdng, la cudc trd chuyen nhe nhang, linh boat, sang tao nhUng hieu qua thdng tin thu lUdm lai cao.
+ PhUPng phap ghi chep: yeu cau cd ban nhat la dam bao tinh chinh xac va SV khong dtfdc
"can thifip" van tac pham dtfdi bat cfl hinh thflc nao. Cach thflc ghi chep gdm cd ghi toe ki, ghi ngat quang, ghi phoi hdp. Du lUa chon each thflc nao, SV dfiu phai the hien cu the. can than trong sd nhat ki (sd tay). sau dd bifin tap va chep lai vao philu sUu t i m chinh thflc.
THONG TIN TAC PHAM SVU TAM (trang tiep theo) l.Tensanpham
2. N6i dung tac phim;
3. Xult sfl. lai lich tac ph^m:
- Ddi ttfdng cung d p bilt tii bao gid?
- Biet den tac pham d dau?
- Biet den trong hoan canh nao?
-Tac phim do ai sang tac hoac lUu truyin lai?
- Cd cau chuyen nao khac vl sU vat, stf viec. hifin tUdng hoac con ngUdi nao dd lien quan din tac pham khdng? (Nlu cd cin ghi lai rd rang)
4. Chii thich, giai nghia nhiing lit ngfl hoac chi net khd hieu: ,^_^^
BAO CAO THU HOACH CA NHAN 1. Ho va ten:
2. Nhom:
3. Kit qua lam vi§c:
- Nhflng viec da lam . - Kel qua cu the:
4 Nhung thu hoach chinh (vilt cam nhan vl VHDG dia phUdng; y nghia ciia hoat ddng stfu tam.
dien da. De xuat ctia ca nhan):
BAO CAO TONG KET DOT SUU TAM, DIEN DA NHOM 1. Tmh hinh long quat
- Thdi gian, dia die'm:
- Phan cong nhi§m vu va vi tri thUc hi?n:..
- Kho khan va thuan ldi 2. Ket qua - Nhflng viec da lam:
- Kit qua cu the:
3. Ket luan - Danh gia chung - Uu die'm va han che- - De nghi c5 nhan xuat sic-
Dgy hoc suit lam, ttien dd qua mon Vdn bgc ddn gian cho sinh vien ngdnh Sifphgin Ngil vdn, - Budc 3 Tdng kit:
+ Cap dd ca nhan: SV mdi nhdm viet thu hoach. Ndi dung bai thu hoach theo mdu.
+ d p dp nhdm: trong ihdi gian stfu tlra, dien da SV cac nhdra thtfdng xuyfin trao ddX hpi y nhflng din cudi dpi thtfc hanh ca nhdm rut ra nhflng flu - nhtfdc diem, dl xult nhflng y kien de' tifin hanh to cbflc nhflng ddt stfu tara, dien da sau hifiu qua hdn.
+ Cap ldp: tren cd sd ban thu hoach ca nhan, bao cdo td'ng kit cua cac nhdm. GV bp mdn tiln hanh nhdn xel. danh gia kll qua thtfc hien ciia SV.
2.3. Mot so ket qua thtfc hien
Dtfdi day, chiing ldi xin ddn ra mdi sd kit qua thuc hien tieu bie'u cua SV dfi' lam minh chflng vfi u'nh hifiu qua cua viec to chflc boat ddng DHST, DD qua mdn VHDG cho sinh vifin nganh sfl pham Ngfl vdn va Viet Nam hpc 6 trtfdng Cao dang Su pham Lang Sdn,
- Tac ph£m: Lugc khiioi (ken re) - truyen ke ddn gian Nung do SV Hoang Thi Mdi (K5VH-DL) suu lara. Ngtfdi kfi'- Trifiu Thi Khara (dan ldc Nung); 62 lud'i; sdng tai thdn Na Chudng, xa Tri Le, huyfin Van Quan, tinh Lang Sdn.
+ Tifing Niing:
Pua cdn Id ke mi me luc nhinh nuong thuong pi au khuai gid tg hdu mi cim khdu ham. mi vdn ndng mi hong d khdu ham to .sdy, pu ke bd elide pd cdn ndy ddy, pu ke le hen slong d niQa hei mgi cdn mgi mac thay. cdn tdu hel ddy day ihi pu ke pd luc nhinh lui cdn ti. diing ihea cdm thdng cua pu ke mgi u hel moi mgc thay.
O ndng tdng hdt du chang ludn mi cdn ndu hdn ldng cgni cui due deo hel. O tdi nhi hel du am long, tdng ludng. tdng cdi. hdn cdn ndu tung tham tung khdm hel pdn ni day day mgidc''
Dung theo ldi hen cua dng pu ke hoang d hit ddy mac thay an md td dng pd ke cung vdn ndng, tu ke' hdn d tdi nhi hel ddy mac thay vQa ddy vQa mgidc pu ke' hen pd luc nhinh hii d ldi nbi.
+ Dich sang tieng pho thdng (lieng Kinb):
Ngdy xUa. cd mdt dng gid. dng cd mot cd can gdi den ludi Idy chdng rdi md khdng ai den hdi. Mot ngdy ng, cd hai anh den hdi cUdi, dng khdng biel chgn anh ndu, lien ra hen vdi hai anh- mdi anb pbdi Idm mat cdi cdy, anh ndo Idm duac cdy lal vd dep tbi ta gd can gdt rho. Hai anh nghe theo ldi dng vd ve nhd deldm cdy.
Mot anh thi cdm cui ldm a trong nhd khdng at biel vd cung khdng at hdi. NgUdi lliQ hai thi Idm d gdn dUdng tdi. thdy ai qua cung hdi: ldm the ndo dUgc cdy tdt. cdy dep?
Din nguy hen, hai anh mang cdy sang nhd dng. dng nhin lhu\ cdi cdy ciia anh tlni hat vita dep. vUca lot lien gd cun gdi thu anh thd hat.
- Tac pham: Truyen dn Iwi (Truyen mdt Irdng) - Ddn ca Nung do SV Luong Thi Mai Lan {K5VH-DL) stfu tam. Ngtfdi kfi"' La Thi Com (ddn tdc Niing); 80 tudi, sdng tai thdn Khdm Tau, xd Van Mdng. huyfin Van Quan, linh Lang Sdn.
+ Tiing Nung:
Sa et thip hd au chi hai Te hdn quan ludng dd tdi Quan ludng quan lai pdv dc phiiii Pdy leo md ludn mi km ngdi Pay leo tnd litUn mi kin pan Cam phii lien khoan bdc mgy bai
Dang The Anh Bdc vdn tdi etmdn mi cot Bdc van ldi nhi khdu pugng lai An hai pdy hdU liin pdy dudi Pdy Ihdng hdu ti dd day ngdi lai + Dich sang tieng phd' thdng (tifing Kinh)-
Miing mdt. mUdi ldm thdy mdt trdng Nhin thdy quan Idn d dd Nhiiu quan Idn di giao phieu Di quay ve nhd khdng dn cam IrUa Dl quay ve nhd khdng dn cdm tdi Cdm ludn biia chdt cdy Irdng Chdt ngdy thd nhdt nd khdng cm Cligt ngdy ihQ hai vdo niia nhieu Mgl trdng di ddu cung di theo
Dl den khdp moi ndt ai cdng thich ngam nhin
3. Ket luan
DHST, DD la phUdng phap giao due thdng qua hoat ddng quan sal. nghien cflu va khai thac Ihflc te. Nd vfla phat huy tinh lich cflc ciia SV. vfla ddi mdi ttf duy va thtfc hanh nghe nghiep trong dao lao giao vien. Nhd vao DHST, DD ma nhilu phara chat giao due quan trpng radi cd cd hdi ren luyen nhu khdi ddy dc td md, ham bie'u biet d SV; phat trifi'n hflng thu hoc tdp, nghifin cflu. phat huy long yfiu nghfi; tao cho SV hpi nhap vdi cdng lac nghifin cflu khoa hpc. vdi stf say mfi va thich thu dupc tu kham pha cac bi an cua thtfc tifin; ddng thdi phdt trifi'n d SV dtfdc nbifiu ki ndng quan trpng (quan sat, dieu tra, khao sat, thtfc nghiem, chup anh, quay camera, phtfdng phap lam viec nhdra...) tfl dd hinh thanh nhilu thao tdc tfl duy cho SV.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Phung Quy Sdn - Nguyin Ngoc Thanh, 2009, Vdn hda. vdn hac. ngdn ngu dia phuang. Nxb Dai hpc Stf pham Ha Npi, Ha Ndi
[2] Tran Xudn Toan. 2011. Mdi sd phuong phdp diin dd sUu ldm Vdn bgc dun gian. Nxb Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi, Ha Ndi.
[3] Dd Binh Tri, 1991. Vdn hgt ddn gian Viel Nam-lap 1. Nxb Giao due, Ha Ndi.
[4] Hoang Tien Tuu, 1998. Vdn hgc ddn gian Viet Nam. Nxb Gido due. Ha Ndi.
ABSTRACT
Teaching in the form collecting and fleldwork throught Folk Literature at Lang Son College of Education
In this paper, the author introduces some definitions about tools and relevant definitions and theu- characteristics, for exarapre. the teaching in the form collecting and fieldwork direction;
the necessary procedures in the investigation of Folklore Literature, methods of collection and documentation of fieldvi'ork. Three steps were collected of folklore literature in fieldvi'ork:
preparation, expansion and sum up. The merit of leaching in the form collecting and fieldwork towards student's capacity development presented in both exotic discoveries and the fresh knowledge which derive from it
Keywords: Folklore Literature, teaching collecting, fieldwork du-eclion.
