Phat trien cong nghiep che bien - bien phap chinh yeu de phat trien ehan nuoi gia cdm tqi
Dong Nam Bo
V O N G T H I N H NAM
C
hdn nuoi gia cdm tqi Bdng Nam Bd phdt trien manh trong nhiing nam gdn ddy dd gop phdn ndng cao ^fi sdng vd thay d^i bd mat ndng thdn. Tuy nhien, ngiidi chdn nudi cung thiidng xuyen gap khd khan do gid ddu vdx), ddu ra bdt on, lin xuong thdt thUdng, ldm cho ho l§ nqng. Trong dd, thi tnidng tiiu thu khdng 6n dinh Id nguyen nhdn chu yeu dnh hiidng den hiMu qua chdn nudi. Qua nghiin ciiu khdo sdt thiic ti' tqi cdc trang trqi chdn nudi gd cdng nghiep, bdi viii phdn tich thitc trqng, nguyin nhdn vd dexudt cdc gidi phdp dn dinh thi tnidng tieu thq nham phdt triin chdn nudi gia cdm tqi Bdng Nam Bd.Tfl khda: cdng nghiep chi'bii'n, chdn nudi, phdt triin chdn nudi, khu vitc Bdng Nam Bd 1. Thflc t r ^ g p h a t t r i e n e h a n n u o i
gia c a m v a c d n g n g h i d p chl^ b i e n t ^ i D o n g N a m b o
1.1. Khdi quat ttnh hinh phdt trien ehan nuoi gia cdm
Theo T i n g cue Thdhg ke, den cum nam 2015
ca nfldc cd 15.068 t r a n g trgd ehan nudi gia sflc, gia d m . Trong do, Ddng Nam Bg cd khoang 5000 t r a n g trai, cMlm 30% td'ng sd', sd' trang t r a i ehan nudi gia e l m cMI'm khoang mgt nfla.
d day CO n M l u t r a n g t r a i quy md ldn, ap diing edng nghe Men dai vdi von dau tU ldn.
BANG 1: S d ' l i f t f n g t r a n g t r ^ i c h a n n u d 1 Nim
1 Sd trang trai ehan nudi
2011 6.267
2012 8.133
1 g i a s u e , g i a c a m c u a c a ni^dc 2013
9.206
2014 12.642
2015 15.068 Ngudn: Tdng cue Thdng kft.
Bang 1 cho t h i y s6' lfldng t r a n g trsii ehan nudi p h a t t r i e n n h a n h t r o n g nhflng nam g i n day. Ngfldi e h a n n u d i t a p t r u n g phat t r i l n h a i loai v a t nudi la heo v l g l cdng nghidp, vi ca h a i loai n a y cd t h e n u d i theo phfldng thflc cdng nghidp, nudi so' Ifldng ldn b a n g cdng nghd hidn dai, ehan nudi theo h u d n g s a n xua't h a n g hda. C h a n nudi p h a t t r i l n m a n h da gdp p h a n t h a y doi bg m a t ndng t h d n dong thdi chuyen dich d i n ed c l u k i n h t e ndng nghiep tfl t r o n g t r g t s a n g e h a n nudi.
M a c dfl cd sfl t a n g trfldng m a n h , nhflng
n g a n h e h a n n u d i d nfldc t a d a n g t o n t a i da dang, mdt s l ' v i n theo phfldng thflc t r u y e n t h o n g : n u d i t h a , m d t s o ' b a n cdng nghidp v a mgt s d t r a n g t r a i k h a e cd d i l u kidn d i u tfl ehan nudi cdng n g h i d p . Chfnh vi vay, hidu qua e h a n n u d i k h d n g dong d i u , chfla p h a t t r i e n nhfl m d t s d nfldc t r o n g k h u vflc C h a u A nhfl T r u n g Quo'c, H a n Qud'e, T h a i L a n , Inddnexia va n h i l u nfldc t r d n the' gidi khac.
V6ng TTiinh Nam, TS., Tnicmg dai hgc Su pham kj diuatlP.HdChiMmh.
Nghiin cdu Kinh tdsd2 (465) - Thing 2/2017 8 1
Phat trien cong nghiep che bien .
BANG 2: Phat trien ehan nuoi gii c6ng nghiep tai lihu viic Dong Nam Bo va ca ntfflc B(tn vi: trieu con
Dja phuong Canudc Dflng Nam
B6
2010 Ting 218,201
18,738 Gic6ng
nghl£p 102,712 10,861
2011 Ting
sd 232,734
21,771 Gacong
nghifp 60,039 12,970
2012 Ting s i 223,746 21,398
Ga cdng nghi£p' 61,497 14,230
20U Ting s6 231,763 23,106
Gacong nghiSp 71,821 19,194
2014 Tongso 246,028 28.063
Gacong ngliiep 73,274 20,3n Ngudn: 35 iieu tCt Cue ehan nufli (Van phong phia Nam).
Tfl nam 2010 din 2014, tong dan ga ndi ehung trdn ea nflde tang tfl 218,201 trieu con len 246,028 tridu con. Dan gl cdng ngMdp trdn ca nfldc giam tfl 102,712 tridu eon xuong 73,274 trieu eon. Yi vay, ty trgng ga cdng ngMdp so vdi ting dan tren ca nfldc giam tfl 47,07% nam 2010 xud'ng cdn 29,78% nam 2014. Ngfldc lai, khu vflc Ddng Nam Bd eo td'c do tang r i t nhanh, den 2014 sd Ifldng ga cdng nghidp d Ddng Nam bd dat 20,377 trieu eon, cMem 72,6% so vdi tong dan ga ndi ehung cfla vflng nay. Toe dd tang trong 4 nam, tfl 2010 den 2014 la 87,6%. Ne'u tinh trung binh cd#ng tM mSi nam tang 21,9%/nam; nd'u tinh trung binh nhan tM moi nam tang 17,03%.
Nhfl vay, toe do phat triln ga cdng ngMdp trdn ca nfldc va Dong Nam Bd cd sfl khac biet r i t ldn. Dilu do eho thiy sfl phat trien khdng dong diu, do nhting nam vfla qua nganh ehan nudi gia elm ndi ehung, ga cong nghidp ndi ridng gap nMlu khd khan, nguydn nhan cM'nh la thi trfldng tieu thti khdng on dinh va tinh trang nay c6 the ton tai trong thdi gian tdi. Tfl do, ddi hdi phai ed giai phap de giflp nganh ehan nudi nay phat trien on dinh.
1.2. Thi tritdng tieu thu sdn phdm gia cdm hien nay
San pham gia elm tai Ddng Nam Bd chfl
ylu la thit ga cdng ngMdp, ga thfldng pham sdng xuit chuong cho eae Id gilt mo thanh thit tfldi va bin ra chd hay sidu thi. Da sl Ifldng thit dang dfldc che bieh dfla vao bfla cdm cua khdeh vang lai, cdng nhan vien, sinh vidn va tidu thti tai cac bfla an hang ngay cua gia dinh. Do vay, d nhflng tinh, thanh phi ldn, ndi cd nMeu ngfldi sinh sdng, lam vide va hgc tap cung chinh la thi trfldng tidu thu manh.
Cac tinh Ddng Nam Bg la khu vtlc dd thi hda nhanh, cdng ngMep phat trien m£inh, Mdng sinh vien, cdng nhSn nMlu, ndn cac tmh nay la thi trfldng tieu thti nMlu san phim tfl ga edng ngMdp. Nhiing cMnh tfl dac diem d6 da tao ndn tfnh chit mfla vu cho thi trfldng ga cdng ngMdp. VIo nhflng dip Id, td't, cdng nhan, sinh vien dfldc ngM, hg vl qud, cac gia (finh cung chuyin ssmg dflng gl ta, gd tha vfldn va cdc loai thflc phim khac iam cho thit ga cdng ngMep e am, khdng tidu thu dfldc, vi thd' gia ga long thfldng phim giam manh, ngfldi ehan nudi hi lo do phai xuit chuong kM ga din ngay tuoi. Neu khdng xuit bdn tM hau qua cang nang ne hcJn, do dac diem ga cdng ngMep an nMlu va qua ngay thu hoach tf le chit rit cao. Cd nhihig luc gia ga long thfldng pham b Ddng Nam B6 giam con 13.000dong/kg (vao thdng 1 va 2-2010).
BANG 3: Bien ddng gia san p h i m ehan nuoi trong 5 thang dau nam 2013 Ban vi: 1.000 dong/kg
' San ph^m Gid git cingnghifip Gia ga ldng mitu
Thang1 Mien B^c 38.5-40.5
46,5
Mien Nam 32,5 45-50
Thang 3 Miln Bile
33-34 49-50
Mien Nam 30-33 46-47
Thang 5 Miln Bic
25-27 45-46
Miln Nam 17-19 38^10 NguSn: BO Nflng nghiftp vk phit tri^n nflng thfln.
82 Nghidn cdu Kinh tdsd2 (465) - ThSnn 9/onn
Phat tri^n cong nghilp che bien .
TM trfldng tieu thti ga cdng nghidp Mdn nay khdng on dinh, gia ca ldn xud'ng t h i t thfldng, lam cho ngfldi ehan nudi nMeu phen thua Id nang, p h a i ddng cfla chuong. KM dflde hoi, ed d i n 98,18% (54/55) t r a n g t r a i eho biet finh M n h thi trfldng tieu t h u ga thfldng p h i m khdng I n dinh (sd'h$u khao sdt thflc tl^
eua tae gia). V l h d l n a y ed cac nguydn n h a n nhfl sau:
- Nhu e l u tidu dflng trflc tiep cua t h i trfldng khdng on dinh, t h i trfldng cM ed mgt kdnh tieu thi^ trflc t i l p 11 s a n p h i m t h i t ga edng ngMdp di t h a n g vao cac bfla a n ndn t h i trfldng giao ddng, b l p bdnh eho ngfldi nudi.
- Khdng cd doanh ngMep t h u m u a giet md', che bien edng ngMdp d l cac san p h i m c6 th&i gian sfl dung lau va c6 t h i dfla di tidu thti 3 nMeu thi trudng khac n h a u k l ca x u i t k h i u .
- Khdng cd doanh ngMdp t h u m u a g i l t mo trfl ddng nhfl san p h a m t h i t g l d nfldc ngoai.
Neu trdn thi trfldng cd cdc doanh ngMdp t h u mua ga thfldng p h i m , g i l t mS vh trfl ddng vao nhtJng lflc thi trfldng c6 n h u c l u tidu ditng t n i c t i l p t h i p tM gia g l se giam khdng nMlu.
- Cac doanh ngMdp n h a p k h i u nMeu cac loai thit gia e l m b a n tai Ddng Nam Bg vdi gia re, gia thit ga cdng nghidp trong nflde khdng c^nh t r a n h noi san p h i m n h a p k h i u do: (i) chi pM d i u tU ehan nudi, cM pM con giong, cM phf thflc an, chi pM giet m l cdng ngMdp efla nflde ngoai t h a p . . . lam cho gia thanh san p h i m t h a p ; (ii) eae san p h i m nhap v l la dui ga, canh ga, d nflde ngoai xem dd la thfl p h i m cd gia t h i p , nhflng v l Viet Nam cae thfl do lai 11 eae mdn khoai k h i u ndn cang dd ban; (m) co n M l u san p h i m nhap v l la ele san p h i m g i n he't h a n sfl dung ndn gia re. Vi vay, msic du cae san p h i m dd n h a p k h i u vao Viet N a m phai chiu thue 20% nhiing gia v i n r a t canh, t r a n h so vdi san p h i m trong nflde. Nhfl vay, thdi quen tidu dflng va t i n h Mnh n h a p k h i u da a n h hfldng khdng td't d i n t i n h M n h tidu t h u gia e l m cfla nflde t a ndi ehung va Ddng N a m Bd ndi ridng.
1.3. Thuc trqng phdt trien cdng nghiip che Men gia cdm tqi Bdng NamBd
1.3.1. Nhu cdu thi tritdng vi sdn phdm gia cam chi'biih
T r u y i n thd'ng tidu dflng cfla ngflcii dSn Viet. Nam trong q u a khfl la "thit tfldi v l t sdng", tfl dd dem che b i l n cac mdn an theo sd tMch cfla tflng gia dinh. Tuy nMen, n e u n h i n n h a n mdt each d i y du tM thdi quen tidu dflng dd cM p h u hdp vdi n i n c h i n nudi nhd le, tfl cung tfl cap trong xa hdi ndng nghidp.
Con Men nay, t r o n g xa hgi p h a t trien cdng ngMdp, ngfldi tieu diing khdng ed nMeu thdi gian de ehe b i l n thflc a n . M a t khac, n i n c h i n nudi h a n g hda, ehan nudi cdng ngMdp vdi s a n Ifldng ldn t h u hoach t a p t r u n g cflng mdt thdi dilm, khdng t h i duy t r i ldi tidu dflng "thit tfldi vat sd'ng" m a p h a i c h l bid'n cdng ngMep:
ddng hdp, ddng gdi... d l giflp ngfldi tieu diing t i l t kidm thdi gian, dong thdi t a n g thdi gian bao quan, dfl trfl san p h i m , d i l u hoa p h d n phdi, phuc vti t h i trfldng vdi n M l u s a n p h a m phong phfl va da dang hdn.
Ddng N a m Bg la k h u vflc p h a t t r i l n k i n h t^, cdng ngMdp va thfldng mai ldn n h a t nfldc, ndi day t h u hflt h a n g tridu lao ddng d cac dia phfldng khac trong ea nfldc d i n i a m vide, bdn canh do edn ed mdt lilc Ifldng ldn ngfldi nfldc ngoai dd'n sitih sdng va lam vide tai TP. Hd CM Minh va cac t i n h trong k h u vflc. Tfl dd tao ndn thi trfldng ldn ed tfnh chat edng ngMep nen ed n h u c l u ldn v l san p h a m gia e l m c h l bid'n cdng ngMep.
So vdi nhieu nfldc trdn thd' gidi, Ifldng tidu thti thit gia e l m binh qudn d i u ngudi h a n g n a m eua ngfldi Viet N a m cdn r i t t h i p , cM ll,5kg/ngfldi/nam, trong kM dd mdt qudc gia khac trong k h u vijtc la Malaixia tieu t h u den 49,5kg/ngfldi/nam, gap 4,3 l l n Ifldng tidu t h u cfla ngfldi Vidt Nam. D i l u nay cho t h i y , n h u c l u tidu thil thit gia e l m cfla ngUdi Vidt N a m se cdn t a n g r i t m a n h trong tUdng lai*.
1. Poultiy Intemational, thing 6-2015, http://Channuoiviemam.eom.
Nghiin cdu Kinh tgsd2 (465) - Thing 2/2017 8 3
Phat trien cfing nghiep che hien .
VI nhu clu sfl dung san phim gia cam che bien cdng nghidp, kd't qua phdng vlh khach hing tai cac tinh miln Ddng Nam Bd cua tac gia cho thiy: c6 100/105 (95,2%) khach hang da tfllig mua cac loai san phim nay; trong do cM ed 5/105 (12,38%) la chfla mua. Nhfl v|y, ngfldi tidu diing ciing da bill va tidu diing san phim gia elm chl Men cdng ngMdp vdi ty Id r i t ldn; da sd' ngfldi tieu diing diu nhin biet ldi ich cua san phim gia elm che biln cdng ngMdp qua cac kMa canh: nhanh chdng, tidn ldi va re hdn san phim tUdi song mua ve chl bid'n. Bdn canh do, hg eiing nhan thflc mgt so bat ldi so vdi thflc phim tfldi song:
dinh dfldng thip, chfla quen dflng va mdt sd' it eho ring gia dat hdn thit tUdi sd'ng. Tuy i^hien, dilu dang chfl f la ngfldi tidu diing chfla that tin tfldng vao tinh Mnh v^ sinh an toan thflc pham, vi cd 52/105 ngfldi eho rang ldi ieh sfl dyng thflc phim chd'biln la vd smh an toan thflc phim, nhflng ding thdi eung ed tdi 51/105 ngfldi e ngai vl an toan thflc pham cfla thflc phim chl biln cdng nghiep. Kd't qua khao sat ciing cho thay, ngfldi tidu dung mong muon ed nhilu ehung loai san phim gia cam chl biln cdng nghiep hdn nfla de phong phu hdn trong viec chgn mua. Cu the, trong so 100 ngflcii da mua thit che bien cdng ngMdp cd tdi 68 ngfldi muln nMlu ehung loai san phim hdn, cM ed 15 ngudi mudia chit Ifldng cao hdn (cho thiy hidn nay chat Ifldng san phim gia elm chl bien cdng ngMep da cd chat Ifldng td't) vd 17 ngfldi mong mudn gia re hdn. Dilu dae Met la ed tdi 97/105 ngudi bfla
BANG 4:. Danh sach cac doanh
hen se mua san phim gia elm che' bidn edng ngMdp nMlu hdn trong tfldng lai, ngfldc lai eH ed 2/105 ngfldi dfl ki6i mua ft hdn vl cd 6/105 ngudi mua so'Ifldng nhfl cu.
Nhfl vay, ngfldi tidu dung cung da bie't va chip nhan san phim che bii'n cdng ngMdp, nhu elu cfla thi trfldng r i t ldn va se edn phit triln m^uih trong tfldng lai. Bdn canh dd, chat Ifldng san phim gia elm chl" bi^n cdng ngMep ciing da td't, khdng c6 sfl chenh lenh nMlu gifla san pham san xuat trong nfldc va nhap khiu. Tuy nMdn, chflng loai san phim edn han chl, chfla phong phu da dsing ndn chfla thda man khach hang. Vi vay, cae doanh ngMep can da dang hoa, phat trien san phim de dap flng nhu clu thi trUdng.
1.3.2. ThUc trqng sdn xudt che bien sdn phdm gia cdm tqi Ddng Nam Bq
Theo Td'ng cue Thd'ng ke, nam 2012 ea nflde cd trdn 6.000 doanh nghidp trong linh vflc che' bien ndng, thfly san. Day 11 Hnh vflc quan trgng ed so" lUdng doanh ngMdp nMlu nhat trong cdng ngMdp san xuit. Tuy nMdn, sd' Mdng cac doanh ngMdp chl bie'n thit trdn ca nflde noi ehung r i t ft, edn doanh ngMdp che bien gia elm cang it hdn. O khu vflc Ddng Nam Bd, tinh hinh ehan nudi ga edng ngMdp phat triln r i t manh, nhflng cae trang trai xuit ban ga thfldng phim cho cae thfldng lai vl gilt mo vl tidu thu chu yeu blng each ban ra thi trfldng "thit tfldi ga song", tidu thu bap benh, khdng on dmh, tMlu vlng cae doanh ngMep thu mua, ehl^biln cdng ngMdp.
nghiep che bien thit (tiSu bldu) SIT
1 2 3 4 5 6
'
Cdng ty
Cflng ty CP Chft' bieh fliuc phim Tfln Vifit Sinh
COng ty CP Xay dimg cflng nghft Sumimoto Cflng ty TNHH San xuSJt - fliUong mai ViSt Huong
Q y T N H H Q u 6 c t ^ D a T r i Tdng eflng ty Nflng nghiep Sai G6n Cflng ty diSn nufli chf bieh tfiuc phdm Sai Gfln
Cflng ty TNHH Dich vu fliucftig mai san xuSt VietSn
NgfUih san xaSt C& vien, bfl vien, tflm vien, cha cd, ch& gid, gifl flii^, cha lua, xilc xich
Bflt chifin xil, xfly dung
Nem chua, gio cha, xilc xfch, jambon, pate San xuSt fliUc fii&n ehSbife dflng lanh: bo, heo Qia gifl, lap xucmg, nem
Chf bifn lap xuflng, diit c h i hflng, xiic xich, jambon, thit xflng khfli, thit dflng hflp.
Chfbifti fliuc p h i n
£Na phucmg m n d O u M i n h TP. Hfl Chl Mmh I P . H d O u ' M i n h TP. Hfl O u Minh TP.HflQifMmh TP.HflOu'Mjnh TP.HflOuMuih
84 NghlSn cdu Kinh tds62 (465) • Thing 2/2017
Phat tHen cong nghiep che bien...
STT 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Cdngty
C&ig ty TNHH MTV Viet Nam ky nghft sue sanCVISSAN)
Ctag ty TNHH Ihuc [Ain gia tniyln Cteig ty CP Chf bl&i b ^ g xuA k h ^ C ^ Tre Cflng ty TNHH TTiuc i*i4n cflng nghe Bao Long
Cflng ty TNHH Thuong mai PhuAnSnh Cteg ty CP Thuc phdm qudc tf Long Rumg Cflng ty Chf bi& thue p h ^ Vina Ba sao Cflng ty TNHH Thuc ^hdm Tiiy&i Ky Cflng ty Che b i ^ thuc phim Shio (Sngapote)
Co sd Dai Tai
Ctog ty TNHH Chf bifii fliue phin Trang Thang
Doanh nghi^ tu nhan Nhu Lan COng ty Thuc 1 ^ ^ xu^ khiu Tan Finh Ctog ty TNHH Ba Huan Ctog ty CPThuy dac san Ctag ty TNHH Ihuc i M n Rang Dflng Ctag ty TNHH mflt flilnh vi&i ChSn nufli Bmh Minh
COng ty l i ^ doanh Chf b i ^ stlc san Lcmg
£anh
Qtag ty TNHH Thuc i*im Anh Hoang Thy COng ty TNHH Pham Trai
Cac dia phuong khac COng ty CP Dfl h ^ Ha Umg Doanh nghi^ tu nhan Quang Hung COogtyAFEX
Nganh san XU&
Thit tud s<^g beo, trftu, bo, gia c£m. tning, dfl hflp, thit Dgufli, xdc xich tiet trilag Gid hia, gio thu, gio JOD, nem, tic ehung, kun dli Hin Qudc
fTia gifl cjc loai, XIU mai, chao tflm, tflm lan bflt, diahia
Chf bieh cac san [4iSm ga, heo dong hflp, luou San xuai gja cim bao gflm thit g^ tr^g g^ tnhig vit
San XU& nem cha S^xu&nemeha Dfl hflp, xilc xich
San XU& v^ chf b i ^ thuc p h ^ xilc xfdi. thit San XU& thit hflp, lap xuong
Chf bi& gifl, cha, nem dong gfli Nem ehua, gifl cha, xuc xich, jambcMi, pate Chf b i ^ hoa qua dong hflp v^ fliity san dflng lanh
Qif bi& thuc idiiu gia siic, gia cim Cbf bifn thuy hai san, thuc [4ilm ddng hdp Gi^ m6 ehf b i ^ gia sue, gia cim Gift ml, ehf bi& 0a. sac, gia eim Gift ml, chf hiSa gia sile, gia cim Gifl s^g (mflc), ^fl nac heo, (M, gio tai lufli heo
Gift mfl, chf bifi gia eim
Thuc [rfiim dong hflp, xilc xidi lift trhng, cha gifl Chf bifn 1^ xucmg, bdnh pia
Chf b i ^ this; phim dong hflp tCt cd, gid silc, gia cSm
Dia phuong TP. Hfl Chf Minh TP. Hfi Chi Mmh TP.HflChfNfinh TP. Hfl Chi Mmh TP. Hfl Chi Mmh TP. Hfl Chi Mmh TP.HflChiMuih TP. Hfl Chi Minh TP. Hfl Chi Minh TP. Hfl Chi Minh TP. Hfl Oif Minh TP.HflOifMmh TP. Hfl Chi Minh TP.HflOiiMmh TP. Hfl Chi Mmh Dflng Nai Dflng Nai Dflng Nai D^gNai
£Snh Duong
Haiphong Sflc Trang An Giang Ngudn: Tdc gia tflng h ^ .
Trong so' cac doanh ngMep t r e n cM ed mdt so doanh ngMep n h u Cdng ty TNHH Thflc p h i m cdng nghe Bao Long, Cdng ty TNHH Ba Huan ... cd che b i i h thit ga, nhflng vdi so' Ifldng it va cdn b a n che ve m a t hang, cM mdi dflng lai d vai san p h i m nhfl: xflc xich, eha g l vidn, dam - bong, lap xfldng ga. CM ed cdng ty Bao Long co eae loai ga ae ddng hop de b a n vdi cdng dung boi dfldng sflc khde, con cac cdng ty khde chfla cd san p h i m thit ga
ddng hdp. Trong sd' cac dosuih ngMdp chl^
bien thit ddng hop tai t h i trfldng Viet N a m , cdng ty TNHH MTV Ky nghd sflc san Viet N a m (Vissan) cd san Ifldng dang dflng trong td'p d i n d i u , cMein 1/3 efla tong san Ifldng:
khoang 30.000 t l h / n a m , gom ca h a n g n h a p k h a u v l ndi dia^.
2. Bdo DiSn dSn Doanh nghiep, ngiy 24-4-2015.
Ngh'^n alu Knh tSs62 (465) - Thing 2/2017 8 5
Phdt trien cong nghiep ch^bl^n .
1.3.3. Ddnh gid thUc trqng phdt trien cdng nghiep chi'bi^n gia cdm tqi Bdng Nam Bd
" NhOng kii qud dqt dUdc
- Chdn nudi gia cdm phdt triin nhanh Id nguon nguyin liiu dot ddo cho chi bieh cdng nghiep. Chan nudi ga cdng ngMdp d Ddng Nam Bg p h i t trien n h a n h va m a n h n h i t nfldc, khdng cM d i p flng n h u e l u t a i k h u vflc m l cdn eung d p mgt p h i n cho cac t i n h m i l n T l y , Nam Trung Bd v l c i c t i n h eao nguydn.
Vdi lugng eung ldn va chu yeu dudi dang thit tfldi ga song ndn thfldng xuyen d i i n r a t i n h trang ctmg c l u khdng I n dinh, dfl thfla, gia ga giam xud'ng r a t t h i p . Dieu n a y t h u a n ldi cho vide p h a t trien c h l b i l n edng ngMdp, vi cd s i n nguon nguydn lieu t a i chS g i i td't. Hdn nfla, cae doanh nghidp chd' b i l n ed t h i tao quan he eung e i p nguydn lieu thit on dinh vdi cac t r a n g trai. Mat khac, p h a t t r i l n edng nghidp chl' b i l n se giup tieu t h u ga cdng ngMdp on dinh t^o t h u a n ldi cho n g a n h ehan nudi nay phat t r i l n , gdp p h i n p h a t t r i l n kinh t l da't nfldc va n a n g eao ddi sd'ng eua ngudi ndng dan.
- Phdt triin cdng nghiip chi' bie'n thiic pham ldm nin tdng cho phdt trien cdng nghiip chi'biih gia cdm. Mae dfl edng nghiep che bidn gia e l m chfla p h a t trien, nhflng edng ngMdp c h l bie'n thflc p h i m ndi ehung da phat trien tfldng doi m a n h trong nhflng nam vfla qua da tao n i n t a n g t h u a n ldi cho p h a t trien ehe bien gia e l m trong thdi gian tdi. Tfl nguon lflc ma cic doanh ngMep da dau tfl, eae doanh nghidp se md rdng san x u i t , phat trien mat h a n g mdi mdt each t h u a n ldi trdn nen t a n g s i n cd. Do vay, cac san p h i m c h l b i l n tfl ga, gia cam se p h a t trien n h a n h chdng trong tfldng lai.
- Phdt triin cdc ngdnh cdng nghiip phu trd cho che bieh gia cdm. Ddng Nam Bd la k h u vflc phat trien cdng nghidp m a n h n h a t nfldc v l quy md vh da dang n g a n h n g h i , trong dd cd cae nganh cdng ngMep p h u trd cho c h l bid'n gia e l m nhfl: san x u i t eae lo£ii t M l t bi gilt mo, tMet hi che' bid'n, tMet hi ddng gdi, san xul't cac loai nguyen lieu phu, cae loai
p h u gia, san x u i t bao bi cho s a n p h a m . . . Den nay, n h i l u n g a n h chd' Men thflc p h i m da sfl dung may mdc t h i e t hi s a n x u i t trong nflde, n h i t la n g a n h ehe bii'n ndng san, thfly h a i san, gia sflc, gia e l m . . . Nhfl vay, sfl phat t r i l n cfla cac n g a n h p h u trd se la d i l u kidn t h u i n lgi d l p h a t trien n g a n h cdng nghiep che bid'n gia e l m .
- Tqo ra thi trUdng tiiu thu sdn phdm chi bien cdng nghiip. P h a t t r i l n cdng ngMep da lam cho k h u vflc Ddng N a m Bd ed tdc do dd t h i hda n h a n h . D a n cfl lao ddng cdng ngMep va thfldng m a i dich v u khdng cd n M l u thdi gian cho vide b l p nuc, hg c i n cac san p h i m che b i l n s i n d l tiet k i e m thdi gian. N g l n h cdng ngMep t h u e p h i m da dap iing d i l u dd vdi san Ifldng t a n g n h a n h q u a cac nam, tfl dd duy t r i va p h a t t r i l n tM trfldng thfle p h i m chd' Men cdng ngMep. Ttfle t C nhiSng nam qua, n h u c l u cfla t h i trfldng v l thflc p h i m cdng ngMep da p h a t t r i l n r i t manh. Rieng n a m 2014, cdng nghidp thflc p h i m ddng hdp cfla Viet N a m t a n g 24,2% v l Ifldng va 48,7%
v l gia t r i doanh sd'ban h a n g (theo BMI).
" Nhiing vdn de tdn tqi
- Sd' doanh nghiip cd hoat ddng che biin gia cdm con qua ft. MELC dfl hidn nay s l doanh
ngMdp c h l bidn thflc p h i m tai Viet Nam cung nhfl tai Dong N a m Bd ed k h a nMeu, nhflng so doanh ngMep che Men gia e l m cdn qua ft, cM cd mdt vM doanh nghidp nhfl: edng t y Bao Long, Cdng t y Ba Huan..., cdn lai da sd* cac doanh nghidp hoat ddng trong nganh gia e l m cM mdi dflng lai d k h a u gilt mo, do dd chua tao r a Ifldng e l u on dinh cho thi trfldng ga thfldng p h i m . San p h i m trdn thi trfldng v i n chfl yd'u la t h i t tfldi g l song, phai tieu dung ngay do khdng hao quan dfldc lau.
Do vay, kM n h u c l u tieu dflng trflc tiep cfla thi trfldng sut giam, gia ga xud'ng t h i p , ngfldi ehan nudi bi a n h hfldng nalng n e .
- ChUa ddp ling dUac nhu cdu thi tnidng Bdng Nam Bg vd cd nUdc vi sdn phdm gia cdm che biin. NMn ehung trdn thi trfldng Men nay, cac san p h a m che bidn cdng ngM$p tfl gia e l m cdn q u a it ca v l so lUdng i l n
8 6 Nghidn cdu Kmh tdsd2 (465) - Thing 2/2017
Phat trien cfing nghiep che bien.
ehung loai, cM cd mdt'vai loai san p h a m : j a m - bdng ga, cha ga vien, xuc xfch ga, ga h i m thuw; bac. IVong k M do n h u c l u t h i trfldng vd cac loai ga h i m ddng hdp, ga quay, nfldc cd't ga... r i t ldn. Nhflng s a n p h i m n a y khdng chl tidu dflng trong bfla cdm gia (finh ma cdn cd t h i mang theo kM iam vide d xa, di du lieh hay dung vdo nhiMg dip, nhflng ndi khdng tidn n l u nfldng.
- Mac do canh tranh cua thi tndfng vi sdn phdm gia cdm chibiih cdn thdp. Hidn n a y cd qua it doanh ngMep san x u a t che bien gia d m nen cung ndi dia khdng du dap ijtng n h u elu. Vi vay, mflc do canh t r a n h cfla t h i trfldng ve san pham gia e l m che bien cdn r i t t h i p , khdng cd ldi cho ngfldi tidu dung, d i n g thdi khdng ed dgng Me de eae doanh ngMep nd luc phat t r i l n san p h i m mdi cung nhfl nang eao chat Ifldng san p h i m , giam gid thanh.
- Ngi^ tieu dung con e ngai vi an todn thtie phdm. R i t ft ngflcii tidu diing b i l t r a n g san pham chd' bien cdng ngMdp dUde tuyen chgn ky lfldng tfl k h a u nguydn h e u va san x u i t theo quy trinh kiem soat chat Ifldng ngMem ngat, ma da so' ngM r i n g trong qua trinh ehe biln, n h a san x u i t p h a i sfla dting hda chat de bao quan dUde lau, ndn hg ed dinh k i l n r i n g san p h a m e h i b i l n cdng ngMep se khdng vd sinh an toan thflc p h i m . Trfldc bdi canh nay, ddi hdi cac doanh ngMdp phai CO cMen lUde t r u y i n thdng Meu qua de taio long tin cho khach h a n g ve san p h i m c h l biln cdng ngMdp.
- Thieu chinh sdeh, thieu chiin lUdc de phdt trien ngdnh cdng nghidp che bien gia cdm. Nganh edng ngMep chd' bie'n gia cam g i n Uln vdi n g a n h ehan nudi, n h i t l a ehan nudi cdng ngMep cd quy md ldn t a p trung.
Do vay p h a t trien n g a n h nay p h a i n a m trong cMen Ifldc p h a t trien ehan nudi va dong bd vdi cdc n g a n h cdng ngMep p h u trd khac. T h i nhflng d i n nay v i n t M l u v l n g cac chinh sach, c M i n Iflde phdt trien n g a n h cdng nghiep nay. Vide quy hoach n g a n h ehan nudi dang c6 n h i l u v a n de b a t on:
tMd'u d a u t u c M l u s a u cho k h o a hge k y t h u | i t v l gidng, v l k ^ t h u a t ehan nudi; tMd'u chinh sach t h u hflt d a u t u viing nguyen h e u eho san x u i t thflc a n e h a n nudi; t h i l u chinh saeh t h u hflt d i u tfl vao n g l n h edng ngMdp che bien s a n p h i m e h a n nudi noi e h u n g va gia e l m noi ridng. ::
2. M o t s o g i a i p h a p p h a t t r i l n c o n g n g h i d p c h ^ b i e n g i a e l m t a i S o n g N a m B o
2.1. Doi vdi cdc ca quan chUc ndng qudn IS ngdnh
• To chiic quy hoach phdt triin ngdnh cdng nghiip che bien gia cdm
Di p h a t t r i l n n g d n h edng ngMep chl^ b i l n gia e l m , c i n p h a i cd quy hoach phfl hdp vdi dac d i l m efla vflng va q u a n trong la dong bd vdi quy hoach cua n g a n h ehan nudi. Thflc tl^
Men nay, N h a nfldc da cd cMe'n Iflde p h a t trien n g a n h ehan nudi nhflng chfla cd quy hoach cho k h u vuc Ddng N a m Bg v l e h a n nudi gan vdi cdng ngMep che bie'n gia e l m , trong k M day 11 k h u vflc p h a t t r i e n ehan nudi m a n h n h i t nflde^. T h i trfldng s a n p h i m che" Men cdng ngMep hi bd ngd, h a n g n h a p k h a u dfldc hfldng ldi do ft bi canh t r a n h . Do vay, r i t can ed q u a n chflc n a n g n h a n h chdng cd quy hoach cho ca n g a n h ehan nudi va cac n g a n h p h u trd, trong do cd chd' Men gia e l m p h u hdp vdi quy hoach t i n g t h e k i n h td' xa hdi cfla Ddng N a m Bg.
• Cd chinh sach thu hiit cdc doanh nghiip ddu tli vdo cdng nghiip chi'biih gia cdm Hidn nay so" Mdng doanh ngMdp b o a t ddng ehe' bieh gia e l m t a i Ddng N a m Bg eung n h u trdn ca nfldc con r i t It. De p h a t trien nganh nay, N h a nflde can co ehfnh sach t h u h u t cac doanh ngMep dau tfl chd' bie'n sau cac loai gia cam thfldng p h i m , n h i t la ga cdng ngMep dUdc ehan nuoi r i t n M l u tai Ddng Nam Bd. Cu t h e la: ho trd vd'n dau tfl, giam lai s u i t t i l n vay; midn, giam thud' t h u n h a p
3. Thu tudng O i m h phu (2008), Quyft dinh so 10/2008/QD-TTg, Phi duyet Chien iuac phat triin chdn nudi den nam 2020.
Nghiin cdu Kmh tds62 (465) - Thing 2/2017 8 7
Phat trien cong nghifip ch^ hien ...
doanh ngMep; miin, giam tien thud dit...
Ngoai ra, cMnh quyen dia phfldng eung cin CO nhiing sfl cdi md, tao dilu kidn thuin ldi vl milt hi sd, thu tuc hanh cMnh de thu hflt diu tfl, trong qua trinh boat dgng, tranh nhiing thfl tuc phflc tap kMd'n nha diu tu nan long.
• Tranh thu quan he hdp tdc quoc te vi nghiin cOu khoa hgc, cdng nghe chibiih gia cdm
De khdng nguCng nang eao chat Ifldng san phim, vd sinh an toln thtlc phim, san xuit nMeu ehung loai san phim phong phu da dang dl dap iing nhu clu thi trfldng va tang kha nang canh tranh vdi eae san pham nh^p khiu, ein phai hdp tac qud'c td' trong linh vflc ngMdn cflu khoa hoc, chuyin giao cdng nghe cho cic doanh ngMep trong nflde ndi ehung vl Ddng Nam Bd ndi ridng trong hnh vuc san xuit chl bien gia elm. Khi ed dflde edng nghd cao se san xuit san phim cd chit Ifldng eao dl canh tranh vdi cac san phim ngoai nhap va canh tranh trdn thit trfldng qudc te.
• Phdt trien chdn nudi gia cdm di phdt trien cdng nghiip che bii'n gia cdm Trong dilu kien phat trien cdng nghidp chl biln, thi trfldng se sfl dung nMeu san pham ehan nudi dl lam nguydn lieu, khi dd ddi hoi nganh ehan nudi phai phat trien hdn nfla. Vi vay, cae ed quan chflc nang cin tfnh din nhu cau nay dl ed bidn phap thflc day ngarib ehan nudi gia elm phat trien tai Ddng Nam Bg nhfl: quy hoach cae nglnh phu trd, quy hoach vung nguyen lidu san xuit thflc an ehan nudi, dao tao nguon nhdn iflc, cMnh saeh llu dai, chinh sach thu hut, cMnh sach on dinh thi trflcfng
• Tdng cUdng gidm sdt vi sinh an todn thUc phdm de tqo niim tin cho thi trUdng Qua thflc t l khao sat eua tac gia cho thiy ed gin 50% ngudi dxiCc hdi cho rang san pham chl bie'n cdng nghiep c6 vlh de vl vd sinh an toln thflc pham. Vi vky, cac ed quan chflc nang cin ed Men phap tang cfldng hoat ddng kiem tra giam sat ve v$ sinh an toan
thflc phim d^ vdi cac doanh ngMep che bien san phim cdng ngMep nhim tao long tin cho thi trudng, cho nhflng ngfldi sfl dung san pham nay.
3.2. Ddi vdi chinh quyin diaphiitfng
• Ddo tqo nhdn sU chdn nudi di cd sdn phdm tdi cho thi trUdng
Qua ngMdn cflu cho thiy, da so' nhan sfl cua nganh ehan nudi chfla qua dao tao ma chfl yeu la nhan sfl d ndng thdn. Dieu dd t£io ndn nMlu han che' trong edng vide, anh hfldng d^n Mdu qua edng vide efla ca nganh.
Mflt khac, ehan nudi quy md ldn Mdn dai thfldng sfl dung edng nghd va tMet bi Mdn dai, ddi hoi ngfldi cong nhan phai cd trinh do hoac chuydn mdn d mflc nhit dinh. Vi vky, ein xem hoat ddng ehan nudi cflng 11 nghi ngMdp va can to chflc dao tao nghe cho cdng nhan de hg phat triln ban than va nghi nghiep. Nha nfldc cin co chfl trfldng va cae trfldng dao tao ngMep vu ndng ngMdp, cin eo cai nhin khae trfldc day dl t l chflc dio tao, huan luyen cdng nhan trong nganh ehan nudi trong xu hfldng cdng ngMdp hda, Mdn dai hda ndng nghiep ndng thdn, de tao ra san phdm hang hda tot cho thi trfldng.
• Xdy dUng vdn hda, dao dUc trong chdn nudi
D I dap ting ydu clu eua khdeh hang ngay cang eao ve chit lugng san phim, ddi hdi ehan nudi, chl^ Men saeh, saeh tfl trang trai tdi ban an, nhiMg nha san xuat thflc an ehan nudi, nhflng ngfldi ehan nudi khdng trdn vio thfle an ehan nudi chit tang tigng, khang sinh, cac loai hda chat khac ma cac quy dinh khdng cho phdp. Do vay, Chinh quyen dia phUdng, doln the, Mep hdi eung cin phai vio cudc, thfldng xuydn cd cac phong trao van dgng de xiy dflng van hda, dao dflc ehan nudi.
• To chUc cdc hinh thiic lien kei trong chdn nudi vd chibiih cdng nghiep Ddi vdi ehan nudi ndi ehung, r i t cin Nha nflde quan tam, td chflc nhflng md Mnh lien kd't. Md Mnh lien kl't ddi vdi ehan nudi bao gom cac chfl thi cfla nen kinh te thi trfldng:
88 Nghidn aSu Kinh tSsd2 (465) - Thing 2/2017
Phat trien cong nghiep che hien .
N h a nfldc, n h a k h o a hgc, n h a ehan nudi, n h a doanh ngMdp chl^ b i i h , n h a tidu t h u . Td' chflc nhiing md M n h lien k i t n a y n h i m giflp tao r a s a n p h i m vdi n a n g s u i t va c h i t
Ifldng cao, g i i t r i cao hdn, n a n g eao n a n g lflc canh t r a n h . I n dinh t h i trfldng, m a n g lai Mdu q u a cao cho cac bdn t h a m gia de cflng CO ldi.
H I N H 1: M o h i n h l i e n k l ' t b o n n h a t r o n g e h a n n u d i v a c h ^ bien^
- Chfriti sich uu dai quin tj nginh -ChTnh sich thu hiH d^iu -CMnh sdeh thu hdt nginh phu tr?
Nha doanh nghtdp - ThO lao; - MOI tmOng fti;c nghljm
•er quyft c&ig ngM - Guy Mnh sSt xuA
- CAng ngh6 sin xuft tihS bl6i, bio quin...
Nha khoa hgc
Ngudn: Tdc gia.
2.3. Ddi vdi doanh nghiep D l tao sfl I n dinh trong n g a n h ehan nudi, che biln cdng ngMep san p h i m ehan nudi, cIn phai tEio chuoi g i i tri h e n ket gifla eae k h i u , tfl Ban x u i t nguyen lieu, san x u i t thflc In ehan nudi, ehan nudi, t h u mua, gilt m l , c h l b i ^ va tidu t h u t h a n h mgt chuoi khdp kfn de c6 sfl ho trd qua lai trong boat ddng, on dinh thi trflcfng va cflng p h a t trien. Trong do, khau c h l bien edng ngMep sfl dung san pham ehan nudi lam nguyen Heu la mdt p h i n quan trgng cua thi trfldng tieu thu, giflp I n dinh d i u r a cua ehan nudi va can blng thi trfldng. Ngfldc lad, ehan nudi p h a t t r i l n tao r a nguon nguydn lidu ldn va on dinh cho che Men cdng ngMep. Do v^y, r i t c i n tMet tao chuoi gia tri h e n k i t gifla cae k h a u trong ehan nuoi, n h i m mang lai sfl I n dinh cho cae k h a u trong boat ddng ehan nudi che
bien va tidu t h u . Tao chuoi gia tri edn dam bao chat Ifldng cho ca c h u l i d l cd t h i ndng gia tri san p h i m trong chuSi, t a n g ldi n h u a n cho cac t h a n h vien t h a m gia chuoi, tfl do tao dieu kidn cho toan n g a n h p h a t trien./.
4. Vflng Thkh Nam (2016), Didu chinh mO hkh d^
nflng cao hifu qud lifn kft "hda nhJl", Tgp chi Kinh ti'ky thitdt, trudng Dgi hgc Kinh te ky thuat (Tiucmg dai hoc Kmh tf ky fliuit Bhih Duong), sfl 15 - 09-2016, tr.l 1 - 21.
T A I LlfeU THAM K H A O
1. Vflng Thinh Nam, Thiie an ehan nufli - nhfln tf then chf t quyft dinh su phdt tri^n ci^a ng^nh ch3n nufli.
Tap chi Nghiin cdu kinh td", s6 2 (453) thdng 2-2016, tr.50-55.
2. Sdm logi bd khdng sinh trong thdc dn chdn nudi:
Nhiiu nudc da cdm http:/4ihantichmoitniong.eom/
detail/som-loai-tK>-khang-sinh-trong-thuc-an-chan-nuoi- nhieu-nuoc-da-eam.hCml
3. ht^://thaonguyen[rfiat.comAiews/nn-tuc/rhi-tniong -thue-jAiam-dong-hop-dong-goi-Cuoc-chien-tra-hang-ll/
t^hiSn ciiu Kmh tds62 (465) - Thing 2/2oj7
