KINHTE
PHAN TICH THlTC TRANG PHAT TRIEN CONG NGHIEP TAI TINH BAC KAN
• PHAM THj MINH KHUYEN
TOM TAT:
Bac Kan la tinh miln nui vung Dong Bac Vidt Nam co nhi^u tiem nang ve khodng san, rffng thuan ldi cho phdt trid'n cdng nghiep. Trong nhffng nam qua, chinh quyen eac cd'p eua Tinh da chu ttgng thiic hidn cdc ehinh sach, chi^n lffde day manh phdt hid'n edng nghidp.
Ngdnh cdng nghiep dia phu'dng da ed nhffng thanh tffu dang ke: tang trffdng ngdnh cong nghidp tang dong thdi tang li ff-gng trong ed ca'u kinh te cua tinh; hinh thanh cac khu, cum cdng nghidp. Tuy nhien, vdi dia hinh nui phffc tap, cung nhffng han chd' ve dieu kien giao thdng van tai, cO sd ha tdng, khid'n eho vide phdt trid'n cdng nghiep cua tinh Bac Kan edn cd nhieu bat cap: ty trgng nganh trong ed ca'u kinh te' tha'p vd chffa tffdng xffng vdi ti§m nang, ldi thd' cua Tinh; hau he't cdc ccf sd sdn xua't cdng nghiep sff dung cdng nghe, day ehuyen may moc thid't bi chffa dong bg, chtfa chu ddng trong van hanh san xua't... Do do, bdi vie't tap trung phdn tich thffe trang phat trien cdng nghidp eua tinh Bac Kan trong thdi gian qua, tff dd dl xud't cac giai phdp de thuc day phdt trien cdng nghidp tai tinh Bac Kan.
Tff kbda: Bac Kan, phat trien edng nghiep, ddn tdc thilu sd', miln nui.
1. Dgt vSn dd
Chinh quyin tinh Bac Kan da phat huy toi da the manh de tdp trung dau tff phat trien cae nganh cdng nghiep co Igi the nhif Cdng nghidp chd'bid'n nong - lam san gan vdi viing nguyen lidu ^n dmh vd ho trd cdng nghiep che'bie'n khodng sdn vd vdt lidu xdy dffng... Dd'n nay, Bac Kan ciing da san xud't dffdc mdt so' san pham cd gid tri tang cao, tieu thu td^t trdn thi trffdng nhff: Van ghep thanh, san pham mid'n dong, dua gd, ehi kim loai...
Tuy nhidn, cdng nghidp eua Bae Kan van chffa phat triln xffng vdi tilm nang, thd' manh eiia dia phu'dng. Mdt sd' dff dn cdng nghidp, nhd't Id eae dff an ehd' bid'n sdu khoang san ine'n khai chdm tid'n do hoac khdng trie'n khai. San pham cdng nghidp dd'n nay ehu yd'u la san pham thd, gia in gia tang tha'p. Mot so' san pham ehe' bie'n nong san chat Iffdng td't, luy nhien mdu ma cdn ddn dieu, kha nang md rdng san xua't cung nhif vide tid'p can thi trffdng con han che'...
2. Tbifc trgng phat tridn nganh cdng nghidp tinh Bac Kan
2.1. Tiem ndng phdt trien cdng nghiep cua tinh Bac Kan
Tinh Bac Kan cd tiem nang phat ti-ien edng nghidp khai thdc nong lam sdn dffa tren Idi the' ve rffng vdi dien tieh bao phu rffng trdn 80%. Khu edng nghidp Thanh Binh thudc dia ban xa Thanh Binh huyen Chd Mdi, nam dgc trdn true dffdng QL3, each trung tdm Ha Ndi 130km Id ndi dap ffng nhu cdu cua cdc nha dau iff vdo Tinh, dac biet la vdo ITnh vffc cong nghiep khai thac ndng lam san.
Trdn dia ban Tinh ed 165 mo vd die'm quang, cic loai khoang san cd trff Iffdng ldn la: Chi kem 70 mo vd diem quang, trff Iffdng khoang 4 tneu td'n, sat cd 13 mo va die'm md, trff Iffdng khodng 22 tridu ta'n; vang ed 17 md va diem quang, trff Iffdng khoang 39 ta'n; da vdi xi mang 150 mdu m^;
da trang, thach anh khoang 460 trieu m^; set xi mang trdn 10 trieu m \ ngoai ra cdn co antimon.
TAP CHi CONG THlAfNG
titan. Kaolin, Silic... Vdi trff lu'dng khoang san ldn, Bae Kan cd trie'n vong dau tff ehe'bie'n sau d quy md vffa va nho di ndng gid tri edc loai khoang san phuc vu cho cac nganh edng nghidp trong nffdc va tien dd'n xua't khau. Dae bidt, ngdnh san xua'l vat lieu xay dffng, nhff: Xi mang, da d'p lai, bdt da cong nghiep, ra't cd tnen vgng d Bac Kan.
Ngodi ra, tren dia ban linh Bac Kan eon cd nhidu he sud'i la dau nguon sdng Ddy, sdng Gam, sdng Chu Iffu vffc nhd, do dd'c ddng chay ldn, long hep va CO nhieu thac ghenh thuan lien eho vide dau tff eac cdng trinh thuy dien nhd.
2.2. ThUc trang phdt trien ngdnh cdng nghidp Mac du chinh quyen cac cd'p cua Bae Kan da ed nhieu nd Iffc, song thu'c te' cong nghiep cua Tinh con gap nhieu khd khan. Gia tri san xua't cdng nghiep giai doan 2015-2018 tren dia bdn tinh (tinh theo gia so sanh nam 2010) cd mffc tang trffdng binh quan 7,08%/nam. Gia tri san xua'l cdng nghiep nam 2018 (tinh theo gid so sdnh nam 2010) dat 1.165 li dong cd mffc tang trffdng an lu'dng 14,82%. Trong giai doan 2015-2017, td'ng thu ngdn sach nha nffdc iff hoat ddng cdng nghiep, tiiu thii cdng nghiep trdn dia ban tinh dat 181,4 ty dong/nam, tang trffdng binh qudn 1,98%/nam. (Hinh 1).
Cd ca'u trong ngdnh edng nghidp da cd sif chuyd'n bid'n lich cffc, ty trong chuyen dan tff edng nghiep khai khoang sang cdng nghiep che' bie'n.
Dd'n he^t nam 2018, ly trong ddng gop cua ngdnh
Hinti 1: Gia tn sar\ xuat va tang tnidng nganli cong nghiep tinh B6c Kan
cdng nghiep che'bid'n chie'm 64%, taiT: -'•' ^*^ X*^' nam 2015; nganh cdng nghidp khai mac ehid'm 27%, gidm 12% so vdi nam 2015. (Hinh 2).
Phat trien khu, cum cdng nghiep Dau iff xay dffng ha tang ky thudt Khu Cdng nghidp Thanh Binh giai doan I vdi quy md dien lich 73,5 ha. Nam 2015, da chap thuan 6 dif an vdi tong so' vd'n dau tff dang ky Id 2.508 ty dong, ly Id Id'p day dat 74,7%. Tuy nhidn, eho dd'n nay cde dif an trong khu edng nghidp hau nhif dffng san xua't, dffng trien Idiai dff dn dau tff xay dffng. Theo quy hoach da phd duyet, de'n nam 2025 trdn dia ban Tinh hinh thanh 21 cum cdng nghiep vd hidn tai co 2 cum cdng nghiep da lap Quy hoach chi tie't (cum cdng nghiep Pii Pet, huyen Ngan Sdn va Cum Cdng nghiep Huyen Tung, thanh phd' Bac Kan), nhffng dd'n nay ea 2 cum cdng nghiep nay deu chffa co chu dau Iff xdy dffng ha lang ky thuat. Nam 2016, da thanh lap cum cdng nghiep Cam Giang, hidn nay chii dau tu'dang kha'n irffdng thffc hien quy hoach chi tid't vd ldp dff an dau tff ha lang ky thudl.
Trong giai doan 2015-2017, san Iffdng khai thdc khoang san hang nam tren dia bdn Tinh dat tha'p so vdi cong sud't. Tinh dd'n he't nam 2017, trdn dia ban Tinh ed 25 mo khoang san dang khai thdc, trong dd ed: 6 mo ehi kem, 2 mo quSng sat vd 17 mo da vdi Idm vat lieu xay dffng thdng thifdng. San lifdng quang chi kem khai thac hang nam dat 148.285 td'n, bang 86,8% tong san Iffdng theo cdng sua't khai thdc (trong cdc mo chi kem dang khai thac chi cd md Chd Dien va md Na
2015 2016 2017
• Gia tn san xuat cdng nghifp Tang trudng nganh cong nghiep
Bdp - Pu Sap la hoat ddng kha d'n dinh; md Nd Tum hoat ddng cam chffng, khdng d'n dinh do xay ra cdc hidn tu'dng sut lun khu vffc xung quanh mo; md Pu Queng, mdi khai thac tff thdng 4/2017 nhffng ham ludng chi kem tha'p; mo Lung Vdng hoat dOng khai thdc tff thdng 7/2017; md Nd Leng - Na Cii khai thdc chua CO sdn pha'm do chifa tim tha'y ihdn quang).
Tren dia ban tinh ed 6 nha may che' bie'n
4 6 So 12-Thang 7/2019
KINH IE
Hinh 2: Cd cau nganh cong nghiep tinh Bdc Kan 100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
8%
Cac nganh cong nghiep khac
• Cong nghiep khai thac
• Cong nghiep che bien
2015 2016 2017 2018
khoang san nhffng hien chi co 2 nhd mdy luydn chi va nha may luyen gang co hoal ddng san xud'l, tuy nhidn hoat ddng cam chffng, khong d'n dinh, cac nhd may chd' bid'n khodng san khdc hien dang ngffng boat ddng san xud't. Giai doan 2015-2017, san Iffdng chi kim loai san xua't tren dia bdn tinh binh quan dat gan 1.000 la'n/nam (neng nam 2017 dat san Iffdng 2.679 ta'n) nhffng so vdi cdng sua't thid't kd' thi van dang cdn d mffc thd'p (dat khoang 15%), cdc san pham ehu yd'u cua nha may luydn gang Bac Kan (hoat ddng san xud't tff nam 2016) binh qudn sdn xua't dffdc 15.304 id'n gang thoi/nam vd 16.255 td'n xi giau mangan/nam, Cdc nha may che' bie'n khoang san dang ngffng hoal dgng san xua'l, anh hffdng ldn de'n cdng tac phat irie'n san xua'l cdng nghiep cua Tinh, cu thd' nhff: Nha mdy Sdt xd'p Bac Kan dffng boat dgng do gid ban sdn pha'm tha'p hdn chi phi san xuat; Nhd mdy Luydn chl lai xa Thffdng Quan, Ngan Sdn dffng hoat ddng do nang Iffc quan tri eua doanh nghidp khdng dam bao, thie't bi, edng nghd khdng phu hdp, thie'u nguyen lieu; Nha may Che' bie'n bot canxi cacbonat dffng hoat dgng do ihay doi ve co dong gdp vd'n, khd khan v l cdng tde van chuyen, khai thac nguyen heu tff mo da vdi trang Na Hai, xa Quang Khe (Ba Bl). Ngoai ra, hidn con cd 3 dff an che' bie'n khoang san dang trien khai edng tac ddu Iff nhffng chffa di vao hoat dpng san xud't, gom
1 dff an didn phan ehi kem va 2 dff dn dau tff xffdng tuyen de chd' bid'n quang nguydn khai
Thtfc le' nganh cdng nghiep cua Tinh trong thdi gian qua da bdc 16 nhieu ban ehe', bat cap nhu':
nganh edng nghidp phdt trien ehdm, ty trgng nganh trong cd cd'u kinh le' thd'p va chffa tffdng xffng vdi liem nang, ldi the' cua linh. Hau hd't cdc cd sd san xua'l cdng nghidp sff dung cdng nghe, day chuyen, may moc thid't bi chu'a dong bd, khdng phu hdp va chu'a chu dong trong vide van hanh san xua't. Mdt so dff dn dau iff trien khai chdm lid'n do hoac dffng irie'n khai nhffng chua du'dc giai quye't dffl didm; sdn pham edng nghidp con It vl sd' Iffdng, ehdl Iffdng chffa eao, kha nang eanh tranh thd'p, mot sd sdn pham sdn xua'l mdi dffng lai d dang ban thdnh phdm (van thanh, tinh quang...). Didn tich dd't, mat bang sach de' thu hut cdc dff dn dau iff trdn dia ban Tinh con II, ban che', chffa dau iff xdy dffng ha lang ky thuat cum cdng nghiep de thu hut dff dn ddu tff...
Nhffng khd khan cua nganh sdn xudt edng nghidp bat nguon tff tdc dgng cua cudc khung hoang tdi chinh vd suy thoai kinh td' todn cau, gia xang dau, didn, vat tif, nguydn lieu dau vdo, thud', phi. tang cao dnh hu'dng de'n hoat ddng san xua't, kinh doanh va tidu thu sdn pham cua cae doanh nghidp Dong thdi, mot sd chinh sdch va thu tuc dau tff chffa dong bd vd thay do'i nhanh, cd sff chong cheo giffa he thd'ng phdp luat ddu iff, luat
TAP CHJ CdNG THirifNG
doanh nghiep vd cdc ludt chuydn ngdnh. Chinh sach ffu dai dau tff con nhieu bat cap vd khong thd'ng nha't giffa phdp luat dau tff vdi phdp lual vl thud', dd't dai. Ha tang ky thudl, nguon nhdn Iffe eua Tinh da cd bifdc phdt trien nhu'ng chffa dam bao phuc vu, ddp ffng eho phdt irie'n edng nghidp. He tho'ng dtfdng giao thdng van chuyen cdn ban che, khd khan trong vide lffu thdng hang hda, san phd'm;
vide khai thdc nguyen lieu d nhffng khu vffc chffa CO dffdng giao ihdng nen chi phi van ehuyen cao.
3. Mot sd' giai phap phat trid'n cdng nghidp kbu vu'c dan toe thid'u so' va mien niii tinb Bac Kan
Trong nhffng nam tid'p theo, tinh Bac Kan xac dinh muc tidu: Phat irie'n cong nghidp mdt each ben vffng, pha'n da'u dd'n nam 2020 cdng nghidp trd thdnh nganh kinh id'quan trgng, lao dgng lu'c thuc day lang trffdng va chuyen dich ed ed'u kinh id' eua tinh theo hifdng cdng nghidp hda, hien dai hda.
De thffc hien dffdc muc tieu trdn, chinh quyen tinh Bae Kan can danh gid thffe td' tffng vung, xay dffng quy hoach vung cdng nghiep va lffa chgn cd ca'u nganh cdng nghidp phu hdp.
Trong do, dd'i vdi cdng nghidp khai khoang, se lap trung khai thac va chd' bid'n cae khoang san cd gia tri kinh Id' eao, trff lUdng Idn nhu quang chi, kem trdn cd sd che' bie'n sau, ehe bid'n tinh khoang sdn sau khai thac dam bao dii nguydn vat heu cho cac cd sd luydn kim cua tinh. Da dang hda quy md khai thdc va che'bie'n khodng san tren cd sd khdng lang phi tai nguyen dudi sff kid'm soal eiia ed quan qudn ly nhd nude. Chu trgng edng tdc tham do lim kie'm md mdi, trff lUdng mdi.
Trong Iinh vffc cdng nghidp ehe'bid'n, chd'tao, tffng bffdc chuyd'n doi ed ed'u cdc phan nganh cdng nghiep theo hffdng thu hut dau iff d l phdt trid'n mdt so' nganh cong nghiep ed ham lUdng ky thuat cao hdn nhff san xud'l ihie't bi dien, cd khi che' tao, dien tff tin hgc. Ap dung edng nghe tidn tid'n dd'i vdi cdc ed sd cdng nghiep dau tff mdi. Dan nang ea'p, dd'i mdi cdng nghe phu hdp d mdt so' loai hinh cdng nghidp de nang cao cha't lUdng san pham, tid't kidm nguydn vdt lieu, nang Iffdng va gidm d nhidm mdi trffdng. Phdl trien san xua'l phdi gan vdi phdl irie'n vung nguyen lieu, gidi quyd'l vide lam, lang thu nhdp cho ndng dan, gdp phdn giai quyd't Iao ddng nong thdn vd ddp ffng yeu cau eua Chffdng trinh muc tidu Qud'c gia vl xdy dffng ndng thon mdi..
Dd' phdt tne'n dffdc cdng nghidp d nhffng khu vffc khd khan nhff tinh Bac Kan, ngodi nguon vd'n
tffngansachnhdnUdc,chuihquylnTiV. •- ? nang ddng tlm kid'm, thu hut eac ngudn dau u,? !-viiac cho phat tnen cdng nghidp: Co ehinh sach thu biil dau tff hap ddn, dau tff xdy dffng cd sd ha lang d khu vUe trgng didm,...
Lanh dao Tinh cdn tap trung tao dieu kien de edc doanh nghidp cdng nghiep hoat ddng sdn xudt thdng qua vide lao dieu kidn ve giai quye't, hffdng ddn va hd trd cae doanh nghidp thuc hidn kip thdi thu tuc hdnh ehinh de phuc vu san xua'l. Dong ihdi, Ianh dao Tinh can thffdng xuyen gap mat, nghe cdc doanh nghiep cdng nghiep bdo edo hoal dgng san xud't, kinh doanh, giai quyd't cac de xud'l kie'n nghi cung nhff dilu chinh kip thdi cdc nhiem vu.
UBND Tinh cung can chi dao cac sd, nganh ehffe nang nang cao ndng Iffc iha'm tra, tham dinh eac dff dn cdng nghidp; dong thdi day manh cdng tdc kiem tra, gidm sdt hau kie'm sau chd'p thuan chu trffdng dau lffde kip thdi phat hidn, kidn quyd't xff ly cdc dff an dau tff khdng vi muc tidu san xud^l san pha'm va cd' tinh tray y, ehid'm dung da'l hoac ehuyin doi, mua bdn dff dn dau iff nham muc dich kinh doanh.
Thffc hidn cae chinh sach nang cao trlnh dd qudn ly phdt trid'n edng nghidp eua ddi ngii quan ly dia phUdng vd hd trd doanh nghiep ndng cao trinh do qudn ly doanh nghidp thdng qua phdt trie'n cdc chUdng trinh ddo tao theo nhu cau dia phUdng.
4. Ke't luan
Trong nhffng nam qua, vdi nhffng nd life cua chinh quyen dia phffdng cdc cd'p, tinh Bdc Kan da dau tff phdl Irie'n ngdnh edng nghidp dia phffdng vdi 2 nhom nganh cdng nghiep khai thdc va cdng nghiep che' bid'n. Tuy nhien, mffc lang trffdng nganh eon cham, qud tnnh phdt trid'n cac khu, cum cong nghiep con gap nhilu kho khan. Nguyen nhan chinh eua tinh trang nay la do nhffng ba't cap trong qud trinh qudn Iy phat trie'n cong nghiep vd quan ly doanh nghidp cdng nghidp edng vdi nhffng kho khan do thffe trang cd sd ha tang va giao thdng kem phdt tiien. Dd' khac phuc tinh trang nay, trong thdi gian sdp ldi, ehinh quyin dia phffdng can chii trong thffc hidn dong bg cdc gidi phap nhU: (1). Quy hoach viing cdng nghidp va lffa chgn ed cau nganh cdng nghiep phii hdp; (2). Thu hiit dau tu iff cae nguIn cho cde dff an xay dffng cd sd ha lang va giao thdng;
(3). Tieh eifc hd trd doanh nghiep; (4). Nang cao chat Iffdng tham dinh cdc dff an dau iff (5). Nang eao cha't Iffdng nguon nhan Iffc quan ly d c- '. nhom qudn ly nha nffdc vd quan ly doanh nghiej M
48 So 12-Thang 7/2019
KINH TE
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Bich Ngoc (2018), Tdp trung phdt tnen nen cong nghiep ben vQng: ThUc trang hoat dgng sdn xudt cdng nghiep cua Bdc Kan, http-//www.baobackan.org.vn/truy cap ngdy 21/6/2018.
2 Thu tudng Chinh phu (2017), Quyet dinh so 582/QB-Trg ngdy 28/4/2017 phe duyet danh sdch thon dac biSt kho khdn, xd khu vuc lif khu vitc II. khu vUc I thuoc viing ddn tdc thieu sovd mien nui giai doan 2016-2020.
3. UBND tinh Bac Kan (2017), Quy^t dinh sd 701/QD-UBND phe duyet De dn ndng cao hiiu qud sdn xudt cong nghiep tren dia bdn tinh Bac Kan, giai doan 2017 - 2020.
4. UBND tinh Bdc Kan (2018), Quyet dinh sd 485/QB-UBND ngdy 30/3/2018. ve viec phe duyet Bieu chinh quy hoach phdt trien cong nghiip tinh Bdc Kan d^n ndm 2020. ldm nhin den ndm 2030.
5. UBND tinh Bac Kan, Bdo cdo tinh hinh kinh te-xd hgi cdc ndm 2014, 2015, 2016. 2017, 2018.
Ngay nhan bai: 7/6/2019
Ngay pban bi^n danh gia va sffa chffa: 17/6/2019 Ngay chS'p nhan dang bai: 27/6/2019
Thdng tin tdc gid:
PHAM THI MINH KHUYEN
Trffcfng D^i hgc Ky thuat Cdng nghiep - Dai bpc Thai Nguyen
ANALYZING THE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF BAC KAN PROVINCE
• PHAM THI MINH KHUYEN
Thar Nguyen University of Technology-Thai Nguyen University ABSTRACT:
Bac Kan province is a mountainous province in northeastern Vietiiam with great potential for minerals and forests which are favorable for industrial development. In recent years, the provincial government has paid attention to the implementation of pohcies and strategies to promote the provincial industrial development. The province's industry sector has experienced remarkable achievements including the industrial growth, the larger share of the industry sector in the provincial economic structure and the formation of industrial zones and clusters. However, due to die complicated mountainous terrain with limits on transportation and infrastructure, the industrial development of Bac Kan province has to address many difficulties. For example, die share of industrial sectors in the provincial economic structure is still low and not comparable to the provincial potential and advantages. Most of provincial industrial units are using nonsynchronous technology and machinery lines, and are not active in production. This study is to analyze the current status of the industrial development of Bac Kan province, diereby proposing solutions to promote the provincial industrial development.
Keywords: Bac Kan province; industrial development, ethnic minority, mountainous area.
