NGHiEN CUU
RESEARCH
Cac bien phap SPS va TBT trong xuat khau thanh long va ca phe cua Viet Nam sang Trung Qu6c
Phgm Minh Tha, Vu Thi V&i NgQC Vu Hotog Dat, Nguygo Thi Van H&
Trung tam Phan tich va Du bao. Vien Han lam KHXH Viet Nam
Vidt Nam da cd mdt he thdng giam sdt SPS d cd cap qudc gia vd dia phuang, trong dd Van phong SPS ed tdn chinh thflc la Co quan ve sinh Viet Nam va Co quan thdng bao kiem dich thue vat vd Diem dieu Ua thudc quyen qudn Iy efla Bd NN & PTNT. Hien nay, cdc quy djnh vd ve sinh an todn thuc pham bi xam pham va mdi trudng bj dnh hudng, ddn ddn suy gidm khd nang va gia tri xuat khdu cfla n6ng san Viet Ncim ra thd gidi. Gan day, Tmng Qudc da thdt chgt cdc quy dinh vd tmy xuat nguon gde, ma hda cac khu vuc bdng trgt, nang cao kidm djch thue vat va cac yeu eau an todn thuc pham dd'i vdi cdc san phdm ndng nghiep nhdp khdu. Do do, Viet Nam ndn thay ddi each liep can an loan Uigc phdm lu kidm ba an todn thuc phdm cudi cflng sang gidm sdt tat cd cdc giai dogn trong loan bd chudi sdn xudt.
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Tmng Qud'c Id nude nhap khdu Idn thfl hai bong sd tdt cd cac sdn phdm xuat khdu tu Viet Nam, vdi gia tri xudt khdu tang dang kd tfl khodng 2 ly USD nam 2000 len gdn 23 ty USD nam 2016. Trong sd tdt ed cdc sdn pham xuat khdu tu Viet Nam sang Tmng Qudc, ndng sdn cliidm mgt lugng Idn vdi 35% tdng gid tri xudt khdu. Gid Ui xuat khdu cd phd tu Viet Nam sang Tmng Qud'c tang manh tu 90 tridu USD nam 2014 ien hon 330 bidu USD nam 2016. Dang chfl y, hon mdt nua hdi cay tuai xudt khdu tu Viet Nam la Uianh long.
Thi trudng Tmng Qudc la mdt thi trudng rdng Idn va dang phdt trien dd xudt khdu ndng sdn cfla Viet Nam, Ngodi ra, nhd didu kidn dia Iy thugn lgi, viec xudt khdu thanh long va cd phe phai dugc ddy manh, tan dung thdi gian van chuyen il ban va khoang cdcb ngdn bon. Tuy nhidn, viec thue thi cdc ydu cau cao dd'i vdi bdng nhap khdu nhu ma vung trdng, ma ca sd ddng gdi, kiem tra an todn thgc phdm, kiem dich thgc vat sd dua ra nhflng thdch thuc thuc sg cho ndng dan Vidt Nam trong ngdn han. Nhflng ydu cdu dd tu phia Tmng Qudc khang phdi Id mdi vd chung phfl hgp vdi Uidng Id qud'c td. Ydu cdu nghidm ngat vd eac bien phdp SPS vd TBT tu Tmng Qudc se la co hgi tdt cho cdc nhd san xuat vd xudt khdu Viet Nam lap Uung cdi thien chat lugng san phdm trong dai ban. Do dd, vai bd cua Nha nude Uong viec dam bdo thgc Uii hieu qud cac quy dinh vd an toan thuc phdm, sfl dung thudc bdo ve thuc vat, cdn dugc tang cudng ban nua. Song song vdi vide nang cao nhgn thflc va phd bidn kien thflc phdp Iy, cung cdn thidt phdi dua ra cdc ca chd hd trg tai chinh cho ndng ddn vd doanh nghidp dd thuc day viec trdng vd tidu Uiu cdc san phdm trdi cay cfla Viet Nam ddp ung cdc ydu cdu ngdy cdng nghiem ngat ddi vdi thuc pham an toan va Uidn Uiidn vdi mdi Imdng.
2. He thong ve sinh dich te va Iciem djch dgng thvc vat (SPS) ff Viet Nam
2.1. Tdng quan ve SPS Vidt Nam
Viet Nam dd cd mdt he thdng gidm sdt SPS tfl cap Uung uong den cdp dia phuang do B6 NN & PTNT Idm ddu mdi. Hon nfla, nhidu tai lieu phap Iy duge ban banh, nhung didm ydu nhat cua he thdng nay Id kdm trong vide trien khai tren thuc te (Adachi, 2017; Brod, Miss, va Yue, 2017). Dieu do dan dd'n vi pham vd sinh tin todn thuc phdm cung nbu cdc tdc dgng mdi trudng, vd vi pham dd Idm gidm khd nang va gid tri xuat khdu cfla ndng sdn Viet Nam ra the gidi.
HlDll 1: Sa ab to cbnc m^Dg liriil SF5 Vl^t Nam
Ngudn Brod, Mss. and Yue (2017)
Hinh 1 minh boa so do td ehuc cua be Uidng SPS tai
\^et Nam. Cd nhieu bg tham gia vdo he Uidng SPS, bao gom Bd Y te (Bd Y td), 86 Cdng Thuong (Bg Cdng Thuong), Bd Ndng nghiep vd Phat Uidn N6ng Uidn (Bd NN & PTNT). Trong hd Uidng nay, Bd Y td chiu bach
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nhidm gidm sdt vd sinh an todn thuc phdm sau khi Uiu hoach Uong tdt cd cdc giai doan xu ly, chd bidn, chudn hi, ddn nhan cflng nhu Udp thi ddn Udu thu cudi cung (Uong nude va xuat khdu. Cue Qudn iy Thgc phdm Vidl Nam (VFA) Id co quan thuc hidn bang dau vd an toan Uiuc phdm theo MoH. VFA chiu trdch nhiem didu phdi qudn Iy rui ro lidn quan den d nhidm thuc pham, kiem tra an todn thuc pham vd nghien euu an todn thuc pham. Trong khi MoIT chiu trach nhidm sdn xudt vd tidp till dd udng, sua, bdt vd Unh bdl, Bd NN & PTNT chju Udch nhidm sdn xudt ndng nghidp u6ng Ugt vd ehan nudi, gidt md va kiem Ua ehan nudi va sau thu hoach.
Mat khdc, \^dt Nam da ban hanh nhieu van ban phap Iy lidn quan ddn an toan thgc phdm. Vi dy, cd khodng 400 van bdn do Cbinh phu vd cae Bd ban hdnh, va hon 1.000 tdi Udu do chinh quydn dia phuong bein hanh (Adachi, 2017). Mdt sd lugng ldn cdc van ban qudn ly, budng ddn gay ra su chdng cheo va thidu tdp Uung, do dd, hd thdng thdng Un SPS khdng ddng nhdt.
2.2. Bidn phdp SPS ap dung cho xu^t khhi thanh long va cd phe tir Viet Nam sang Trung Qud'c
a) H$ thdng gidm sat cfla Vidt Nam va Tmng Qudc - Phia Vidt Nam cd: Bd Y td (Cue Quan Iy Thuc pham); Bd NN & PTNT (Cue quan Iy chdt lugng ndng Idm sdn, thfly sdn, Cue Thfl y. Cue Bdo ve thuc vdt. Cue Chdn nudi, Cyc Chan nudi)
- Phia Tmng Qudc cd: Tdng cue Hai quan Tmng Qudc (Cyc nhap khau an lodn thuc phdm vd Cue gidm sdl va kidm dich chat lugng). Cdc thda thudn hgp lac song phuong giua Bd NN & PTNT lgi Viet Nam vdi Tdng cue Gidm sat, Kidm tra vd Kidm dich Chat lugng cua Cdng bda Nhdn ddn Tmng Hoa (AQSIQ) trudc day sd Udp tuc dugc Tdng cue Hai quan Tmng Qudc Uiuc hidn.
b) Quy dinh cu thd vd xudl khdu thanh long sang Trung Qudc
- Cdc ydu cdu ky Uiudt vd quy djnb ve an lodn nguydn lidu thue pham (Nghi dinh sd 15/2018/ ND-CP) va An todn thuc phdm Tmng Qudc;
- Cdc quy dlnh cfla Vi^t Nam ve an todn thgc phdm vd kidm djch thuc vat;
- Dang icy kidm Ua ma vflng trdng, md co sd ddng gdi (Cue Bdo vd thuc vat) cd gui Tong cue Hai quan Tmng Qudc;
- Dang k^ kidm dich thuc vat vdi (CIQ-Quang Tay) - cae cdng ty va nhd nhap khau phai khai bao ro rang ngudn gde cua cdc khu vuc trdng - cd nhan;
- Sdn phdm ddm bdo ydu cdu ky thudt ddng gdi, dam bdo didu kidn vd sinh, khdng bj nhiem cdn trung gay hai;
e) Thdng bao gdn day phat hidn dich bdnh tu ndng san Vidt Nam
- Thdng bdo Sd G/SPS/N/CHN/II48, du thao Tidu chudn qud'c gia dd Uiiet lap 390 du lugng cho 125 loai
thudc trfl sau trong thuc pham (bao gom ca thanh long va ca phd).
- Phat hidn thanh long Vidt Nam bi nhidm Dysmicoecus neobrevipes, Pseudococcus jackbeard- sleyi Id dd'i tugng kiem dieh eua Tmng Qudc
d) Quy dinh mdi efla Tmng Qudc vd xuat khdu ndng sdn lfl Vidt Nam
- Qudn ly danh sdcb ndng sdn vd thfly sdn nhap khdu vdo Tmng Qudc;
- Thgc hidn ddnh gid rui ro ddi vdi hdng hda Vidt Nam nhap khau ldn ddu tidn vd chua dugc dua vdo danh sach nam 2017;
- Ap dung chinb thuc kiem tra gidy chiing nhan an loan thuc phdm ddi vdi cac sdn phdm nhgp khdu tu Vidt Nam (ap dyng tfl ngay 1 thdng 10 nam 2019);
- Thuc hidn qudn Iy tmy xudt nguon gd'c bdt budc ddi vdi cdc sdn pham ndng nghiep nhap khdu lu Vidl Nam (ap dung tu ngdy 1 thang 6 nam 2019);
- Quan ly va cap phep cho cde doanh nghidp Viet Nam du dieu kidn xuat khau ndng sdn sang Tmng Qudc, dang ky danb sach va phd duyet gidy phep eho danb sdcb ndy;
- Qudn Iy nhdp khau ndng sdn theo quy dinb.
2.3. Mdt sd ban chd trong vide thuc thi cac quy dinh SPS tai Viet Nam
- Thang bdo SPS tfl Tmng Qudc cho hdng hda xudt khau tu Viet Nam dugc trinh bdy chi tidt bang tidng Trung va chi cd 1 trang dugc torn tat bdng tidng Anh.
Hidn tgi, van phdng SPS Viet Nam chua dfl nguon Iuc va nhan su dd dich cac ndi dung bang tieng Tmng sang Udng Vidt.
- Nhdn thflc cfla cac doanh nghidp Viet Nam vd cde van dd lidn quan ddn SPS chua cao. Thdng thudng cdc doanh nghiep chi ddn van phdng SPS khi hg gap vdn dd true Udp vdi hogt ddng cua minh.
- van phdng SPS khdng thudng xuyen nhgn dugc pban hdi tu cac Bd lidn quan
- Viee thuc hidn cac bidn phap lidn quan tdi kiem dich thuc vat va an toan thuc phdm cfla ngudi n6ng dan khdng cao, Vi dy, hg khdng hidu tgi sao phia Tmng Qudc ydu cau ghi nhan vd md vflng bdng tidng Tmng. Han nfla, qud trinh kidm tra tdt cd cdc logi trdi cay tuai mdi dd xuat khdu phai mat mdt thdi gian dai dd kdt thuc dam pban. Mac du cdc quy dinh ndy da dugc thdng bdo day du cho ndng dan vd doanh nghidp, nhung chung chi thyc hidn tdt, ddp ung cdc ydu cdu cho Id hdng xudt khdu ddu tidn. Sau do, hg se khdng tudn thfl dung quy trinh. Cdeh kinh doanh ndy gay hgi cho ndng dan vd doanh nghidp trong ddi ban.
3. Rao can ky thuat doi trong thffong mai (TBT) tai Viet Nam
3.1. Tong quan ve TBT Vidt Nam
IC
NGHIEN CUU
RESEARCH
Ngdy 24 thdng 11 nam 2017, Thfl tudng Viet Nam da Hang thdng van phdng TBT qudc gia phdt hanh bdn ban hdnh Quy che td chue, van hdnh Mang ludi cae co Un TBT cfla Vidt Nam, bong dd tdm tdt cdc Uidng tin quan thdng bao vd Ban lien nganh vd hang rdo ky mdi nhdt lidn quan den Ilnh vuc TBT vdi cdc chi Uet thuat ddi vdi Ibuong mai trong Quyet djnb sd nhu vdn dd ngdy nay, cac rdo cdn ky Uiudt dd'i vdi cdc 46/2017/QD-TTg.
Bd KHCN td cbuc, qudn ly hoal ddng cua mgng ludi TBT Viet Nam, bao gdm ca quan thdng bdo va hdi dap ve hang rdo ky thudt bong thuang mgi cua qud'c gia (ggi tat Id didm TBT qudc gia), co quan thdng bdo vd hdi dap vd hdng rao ky thugt trong thuong mai cfla eac bd (ggi tdt Id Didm TBT cfla Bd) vd ca quan thyc hien boat ddng TBT d dja phuong. Nhidm vu cu thd cua cdc Diem TBT dugc quy dinh chl tidt trong quydt dinh 46/2017/QD-TTg ngdy 24/11/2017.
Mang ludi TBT Viet Nam cd chflc nang thuc hien
mdi quan tam thuong mgi vd hogt ddng cfla Mang ludi TBT Viet Nam. Ben canh dd, he thdng vdn phdng TBT cua hdu hdt cdc Unh cung hogt ddng khd chuydn nghidp vd hieu qud.
3.2. Vide thuc hien he thdng TBT trong thuc te:
khd khan vd v^n dd
Theo quy dinh, Cyc Tieu chudn Chdt lugng va Do ludng thudc su quan ly cfla Bd KH & CN. Trong khi do, boat ddng TBT lien quan den nhieu hogt ddng xuat nhdp khdu do Bd Cdng Thuong qudn ly. Do dd, didm TBT cua cdc tinh cbi cd Uie trd ldi cdu hoi cfla cdc nghia vy thdng bdo vd nghia vy hoi ddp ve TBT cfla Viet doanh nghidp lidn quan ddn cdc mat hang do Bd Khoa Nam trong vide thuc thi cac dieu udc qudc te lien quan hgc va Cdng nghd quy dinb. Cde vdn de lidn quan ddn den TBT; giflp Ban lidn ngdnh TBT thuc hidn chue nang,
nhidm vy va quyen hgn theo quy dinh tai Dieu 8 vd Dieu 9 cfla Quy chd nay; van hanh Cdng Thdng Un TBT Viet Nam nham bao ddm thuc hidn nghia vu thong bdo vd nghia vg hdi ddp ve TBT cua Vidt Nam trong viec thgc tbi cde didu udc qudc te lien quan ddn TBT; bd trg nang cao nhan thflc cua cdng ddng, cung cdp thdng Un, tu van cho doanh nghidp ve TBT nhdm nang cao khd nang Udp can thi trudng cfla hang hda Viet Nam d thj trudng Uong nude vd nude ngoai.
Be hudng ddn chi tiet ve Quydt dinh 46/2017/QD- TOT ngdy 24 thdng 11 nam 2017, ngay 29 Uiang 11 nam 2018, Bd Khoa hgc va C5ng nghd da ban hanh Thong tu I6/2018^n-BKHCN dieu chinh cac boat ddng, phdi hgp bong Mgng ludi Uidng bao va didu Ua Cdc ca quan vd Uy ban lien ngdnh vd cac rao can ky thuat dd'i voi thuang mai. Theo do, viec cdng bd cac rdo cdn ky thuat ddi vol thuong mai (TBT) dugc thuc hidn nbu sau:
- Tb6ng bao ve TBT duge gui tu WTO vd cac thdnh vidn V ^ O khdc ddn WTO theo Uy ban TBT cfla WTO de thgc hien cdc quy djnb cfla Hidp djnb TBT.
- Chu dd tiidng bdo TBT cfla Viet Nam bao gdm:
Soan thdo cdc quy djnh ky thuat, quy trinh danh gid su phfl hgp vd cac tdi lidu du thdo lien quan ddn cdc vidn phdp ly TBT co tac ddng ddng kd ddn thuong mai, dy thao tai lidu, cdn thdng bdo de tdng cudng Unh minh bach. Thdng tu cd hidu Igc tu ngdy 15 thang 1 nam 2019.
Ben canh do, cd mdt uy ban TBT lien bg, la mgt td chflc dieu phdi lien nganh. Chflc nang chinh cua nd la tu vdn vd de xudt vdi Thu tudng, cdc bp, ngdnh va dia
cdc mat hang khac, diem TBT cfla cdc Unh phdi chuyen ddn van phdng qudc gia TBT. Dieu nay dan ddn su chdng chdo va kdm bidu qua trong cac hogt dgng "TBT d cac Unh. Thuc te la Ban lien nganh TBT hgp sau thdng mflt lan vd ddo tgo mdi nam mdt lan cho cac diem TBT cdp Unh, nhung cdc cugc hgp va dao tgo nay la kbong dfl.
Mdt thid'u sdt khac la viec dam phan cac vdn dd xudt nhdp khau dugc thuc hien bdi Bd Cdng Thuang, nhung ueu chudn chat lugng thudc sg qudn Iy cua Bd Khoa hgc vd Cang nghd. Vi vay, se rat kho khdn dd dam phdn ndu su phdi hgp giua hai bg khdng ddy du va chat che.
Lien quan den TBT, vdn de bat cap nhdt Id van phdng TBT qud'c gia do Tdng cue Tieu chuan va Chat lugng thudc Bg Khoa hoc va Cdng nghd 'dm ddu mdi.
Dieu ndy cd nghia la van phdng TBT qudc gia true thudc cdp Bd, nhung vd chuydn mdn lidn quan ddn TBT, van phdng TBT qudc gia d edp cao ban. Do dd, van phdng TBT qudc gia rdt khd de ydu cdu thdng Un tu cac Bg khdc. Viec van phdng TBT qud'c gia khdng cd dfl thdng Un dan den vide khdng cd tbSng tin eho cac didm TBT cap Unh.
Cud'i cung, ve Iy thuyet, ndu doanh nghidp can bat ky thdng tin ndo lien quan ddn mdng TBT, hg chi cdn ddn diem TBT cfla cdc Unh. Tuy nbidn, nhu da dd cap d trdn, phdn flng vdi thdng tin TBT d cap tinh chua dugc thuc bien mdt cdeh hieu qud.
3.3. Quy dinh mdi vd TBT cho san pham ndng nghidp Viet Nam xudt khau sang Trung Qud'c
Tat cd cdc sdn pham ndng nghiep vd thfly sdn phdi duoc ddng gdi vd ddn nhan va phai cd thdng Un tmy phuang trong vide dam phan vd ky ket cdc dieu udc
qudc Id lien quan den TBT. Uy ban thuc hien nghia vu
cfla Viet Nam theo cdc didu udc qud'c te lidn quan dd'n xudt ngudn gd'c tu nam 2019.
TBT md Vidt Nam Id thdnh vien. Nd cung gidi quydt g^^
cdc van dd ve TBT, khieu ngi va tranh chdp giua Viet Nam va cac thanh vidn ky ket cdc dieu udc qudc td lidn quan de'n TBT. Ban lien nganh TBT chiu trdch nhidm vd nhieu boat ddng Udn quan den TBT.
va ghi nhdn phdi phu hgp vdi cdc quy dinh phap luat lien quan cua Tmng Qudc, cac yeu cdu cfla B6 luat ky thuat qud'c gia la bat bu6c dd'i vdi thuong mai song phuang vd cac thda thugn lien quan.
Ddi vdi thanh long, cdc yeu cdu ddng go! vd ghi
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nhan bao gdm - Tdn cua trai cdy - Khu vuc udng
- Tdn hode sd dan vi ddng gdi / nha xudt khau - Nguydn lieu dong gdi hdi cdy phai dugc sfl dung Idn ddu Udn, sgch sd vd hgp vd sinh
- Khdng su dung ram, vdt lidu hda tan trong nude, su dung gdi bao tdi ludi khdng ddc hai
- Bao bi cd the su dung thung gidy, hdp nhua - Bao bi phdi dugc in sdn vdi nhan tmy xudt ngudn gde - Nhan tmy xudt ngudn gde cd the dugc dan vao uai cdy hodc ddn/in ben ngodi hdp ddng gdi
- Thdng tin tmy xudt ngudn gde rd rdng de hidu - Ngdn ngfl dugc sfl dgng Id tidng Tmng/tidng Anh - Chi dinh cfla khdu nhdp khdu ndng sdn Vidl Nam:
i) Cfla khau Bdng Tudng, CK Huu nghi quan, CK Pd Chai;
ii) Cdng Phdng Thdnh; iii) San bay Ludng Giang- Que Ldm; iv) Cdng Khdm Chau; v) Cua khdu Ddng Hung; vi) Cfla Khau Thuy Khdu; vii) Cfla khau Long Bang
Tmng Qudc coi vide nhap khdu hang hda ngoai danh muc hang hda dugc phdp xudt khdu vdo Tmng Qudc Id budn lau va ap dyng eac bien phap trung phgt dd bat gifl hang hda, bdt gifl ngudi ddn, phat Udn vd cd thd tmy td trdch nhidm hinh su. Do d6, dd'i vdi cdc logi trdi cay ndm ngoai danh sdcb bang hda dugc phep nhap khau, nhu sdu ridng, tranh leo, mang cyt... trudc day xudt khau sang Tmng Qudc thdng qua trao ddi cu dan bien gidi, bay gid khdng thd nhdp khdu vao Tmng Qud'c. Nhung hang hda Viet Nam nay khdng cdn dugc xuat khdu sang Tmng Qudc. Tgi Lgng Son, Tmng Qudc ydu edu hdng hda lu nude thu ba phdi dugc xudt khau qua cfla khdu Hflu Nghj. Hon nfla, giao dich cu dan bidn gidi vdi 8.000 nhan dan Id/ ngudi/ngay dd'i vdi cu dan bidn gidi cflng dugc kidm soat chat che ban trudc ddy vd logi sdn phdm vd sd lugng trdn mdi Id hdng.
Cudi cung, cdc hang rdo phi thud quan Uidng qua cac yeu cdu gia tang ddi vdi cac sdn phdm ndng nghidp nhap khdu cua Trung Qudc da iam tang chi phi va Uidi gian cho thfl tyc hdi quan. Cu thd, tgi cdc Uam kidm sodt dugc lua chgn, Tmng Qudc dat mdt tmng tam chieu xa va ydu cau Uai cay nhdp khdu phdi dugc chidu xa. Trdi cay cfla Vidt Nam phai dugc chuyen sang xe Trung Qudc dd dugc chidu xg, tdi Idn bang tdi dd chieu xg, sau do dugc tai Idn xe dd Udu tiiy. Didu nay ldm tang thdi gian thdng quan va tang chi phi xudt khdu.
Tom Igi, hidn nay, \^dt Nam da hoan thdnh viec dang ky ma vung trdng, dang ky doanh nghidp bao bi cho chin logi uai cdy xudt khdu Uieo ydu cdu cua Tdng cue Hdi quan Tmng Qudc (ban dau gidi quyet cdc ydu cdu vd rao cdn ky Uiual (TBT). Cac didm TBT chi cd thd trd lea va cung cap thdng tin lidn quan ddn cdc mye do Bd Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghd quan ly vi day la mdi quan he dpc cua BO Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghd. Vide td chflc
1"
chdng ehdo gifla cac ca quan quan ly nha nude lidn quan den nganh TBT da Iam giam hieu qua boat ddng hong cung cdp thPng tin kip thdi va day dfl cho cac doanh nghidp xuat khau sang thi trudng qudc gia.
4. Ket luan
Vidt Nam dd cd mdt hd thdng gidm sdt SPS ttr cdp Uung uang ddn cdp dja phucmg do Bp NN & PTNT lam ddu mdi. Hon nua, nhidu vdn bdn phdp ly dugc ban banh, nhung diem yeu nhat cfla he thdng ndy Id kdm Uong tridn khai. Didu dd ddn den vi phgm vd sinh an loan thuc phdm cung nhu edc tac ddng m&i trudng. Do do, su phdi hgp gifla cdc ca quan, pban Uch rui ro va he thdng nhan dang Uong he thdng SPS tai Viet Nam cdn phdi dugc cdi thien, cd d cdp chinb quydn trung uong va giua ehinh quyen tmng uang va dia phuong.
Tidu chudn xudt khau thanh long sang Tmng Qud'c so vdi cdc thi trudng khac nhu Nhat Ban, Hdn Qudc, My hay chau Au vdn kbong qud khdt khe. Dieu nay ddn ddn vide ndng dan trdng thanh long lam dung thudc bao vd thgc vat, chdt kich thich tang trudng dd cd qua thanh long vdi trgng lugng / kich thudc Idn hon va hinh thflc dep dd xuat khau sang Tmng Qud'c. Do do, khi Tmng Qud'c that chat kidm soat chdt lugng vd kiem dich thyc vat sd gay thidt hgi dang ke cho ndng dan Viet Nam trong ngdn hgn./.
Tai lieu tham ithao
Adachi, A (2017). "Sanitary and Phytosanilary (SPS) Measures Status Report on Agricultural Trade between Cambodia, the Lao PDR, Viet Nam and China".
h t l p s : / / c o n n e c t i n g - a s i a . o r g / w p - content/upload&'20I8/05/GlZ^ACFTA_SPS_Study_2017.p df
Brad, M., Miss, F., Yue, J., (2017). "Exporting Agricultural Goods to China Challenges and Opportunities of Sanitary and Phytosanilary (SPS) Measures". bttps://connecting-asia.org/v\^- content/uploads/2018/02/GIZ Report_RegionaI-SPS- Workshop.pdf.
Sakata, S and Takanashi, F (2018). "Vietnam's Lychee and Dragon Fmit Exports to China: Studies of the Production and Value Chain" Chapter 6 in "Impact of China's Increasing Demand for />^ro Produce on Agricultural Production in the Mekong Region", BRC Research Report Bangkok Research Center, JETRO
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