Cac yeu to anh hu'dng den
dong lUc lam viec cua can bo^
cong chufc va vien chufc
tai thj xa Nga Nam, tFnh Soc Trang
vo VAN BE*
Tom tat
Nghien cdu den cdc yeu td dnh hudng de'n ddng lytc Idm viec cda cdn bg, cdng chdc, vien chdc thi xd Ngd Ndm, tinh Sdc Trdng thdng qua phdng vdn true tie'p 148 quan sdt. Ket qud phdn tich cho thdy, cd I ye'u td Id Hgc vdn khdng dnh hudng de'n ddng lytc Idm viec, cd 8 yeu td dnh hudng de'n ddng lytc lam viec cda cdn bd, cdng chdc, vien chdc, gom: Tinh chdt cdng viec; Diiu kien Idm viec: Mdi trUdng Idm viec; Luang bdng vd phdc lgi; Khd ndng phdt trien syt nghiep; Ldnh dqo; Kinh nghiem Idm viec; Gidi tinh. Tren ca sd dd, tdc gid de xudt kien nghi hdm y den cdc ye'u td dnh hudng de'n ddng lytc Idm viec cda cdn bg, cdng chvtc vien chdc tren dia bdn nghien cdu.
Tuf khoa: dgng luc Idm viec, cdn bd cdng chdc, thi xd Ngd Ndm, tinh Sdc Trdng Summary
The article studies factors influencing work motivation of public servants in Nga Nam town, Soc Trang province through direct interviews with 148 people. The output indicates that factor of Education does not create any influence while there are eight determinants of the
motivation of the public servants, including Job characteristics. Working conditions. Working environment. Wages and benefits. Career development, Leadership, Working experience.
Gender. Afterwards, the author proposes some suggestions based on these factors.
Keywords: work motivation, public servants, Nga Nam town, Soc Trang province
^
GlOfI THIEU
De can bd, cdng chffc va vien chffc boat ddng ngay cang cd bieu qua, ngay 25/10/2017, Ban Chap hanh Trung ffdng da ban hanh Nghi quyet so I8-NQ/TW ve mdt so van de tiep tuc ddi mdi, sap xep td chffc bd may cua he thd'ng chinh tri, tinh ggn, boat ddng hieu Itfc, hieu qua.
Trffdc do, Nghi quyet sd 30C/NQ- CP, ngay 08/11/2011 ve Chffdng trinh tdng the cai each hanh chinh Nha nffdc giai doan 2011-2020 cung da chi rd, mdt trong nhffng nhiem vu trgng tam ciia cai each hanh chinh la nang cao chat Iffdng ddi ngii can bd, cdng chffc, vien chffc, chii trgng cai each chinh sach tien Iffdng nham tao dgng life thffc sff de can bd, cdng chffc, vien chffc thffc thi cdng vu cd
chat Iffdng va hieu qua cao; nang cao chat Iffdng dich vu hanh chinh va chat Iffdng dich vu cdng.
Tren cd sd nhffng dinh hffdng tren, thdi gian qua UBND thi xa Nga Nam cung da cd nhffng sap xe^p can bd, cdng chffc ciia minh. Den nay, thi xa Nga Nam cd
1.461 bien che, theo danh gia hang nam ludn hoan thanh td't nhiem vu, tan tam tan life vdi cdng viec khdng ngai khd khan.
Trong bd'i canh mdi, de dap ffng nhu cau ngay cang cao ciia cdng viec, nhdm tac gia cho rang, viec phan tich cac yeu to' anh hffdng den ddng life lam viec ciia can bd, cdng chffc va vien chffc tren dia ban thi xa Nga Nam, tinh Sdc Trang la cap thie't phai dffdc nghien cffu.
PHl/ONG PHAP NGHIEN CCu
So'lieu thff cap suf dung trong bai viet dffdc tdng hdp tff cac bao cao, thd'ng ke, ke hoach cd lien quan den de tai nghien cffu qua 3 nam gan nhat.
*Dang uy phifdng 2, thj xa Mga Nam, tinh Soc Trang I Email [email protected]
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 22/11/2018; Ngdy phdn Men: 18/12/2018; Ngdy duyet ddng: 22/12/2018
Economy and Forecast Review
87
BANG 1: IVIA TRAN XOAY NHAN TO
Bien quan sat
Cong viec hien tai la phii hcJp vdi chuyen mon.
Cong viec hien tai co mu'c thuf thach vifa phai.
Thdi gian lam viec la hcJp ly.
Ap life cong viec la phii help vdi anh/chi.
Anh/chi cd moi quan he rat to't vdi dong nghiep va lanh dao.
Anh/chi thu'dng hoc hoi du'dc nhieu dieu tif nhieng dong nghiep lam chung.
Khi can sir ho trd, anh/chi luon nhan difdc Slf hdp tac ciia cac bo phan khac.
MtJc lu'dng hien tai anh/chi dang nhan difdc la phu hdp vdi nang life va suf dong gdp.
Mu'c lifdng hien tai la dii de trang trai chi phi cuoc song.
Anh/chi nhan difdc phiic ldi to't, da dang.
Cac chinh sach khen thu'dng, khuyen khich nhan vien la tot.
To chiJc danh gia thanh tich chinh xac, kip thdi va day du.
Cac tieu chi danh gia la hdp ly, r5 rang.
Ket qua danh gia la cd sd cho viec tuyen dtfdng, khen thifdng.
Cd hoi thang tien trong to chiJc la cong bang.
To chtJc cd tao cd hoi cho nhan vien dtfdc hoc tap nang cao chuyen mon trong cong viec.
Anh/chi difdc cung cap day du cac trang thiet bi can thiet de cd the lam viec hieu qua
Anh/chi du'dc cung cap day du nhieng thong tin diing va can thiet de hoan thanh tdt cong viec.
Khong gian lam viec ciia anh/chi hien nay tao cho anh/chi cam thay thoai mai, an toan de lam viec.
Cap tren luon cung cap day du thdng tin de anh/chi hoan thanh tdt cong viec.
Cap tren ciia anh/chi thu'dng xuyen dong vien, khuyen khich anh/chi lam viec td't hdn.
Cap tren ciia anh/chi phan cdng cdng viec va de anh/chj ttf quye't dinh each thifc hien.
Cap tren luon kheo leo, te' nhi khi phe binh.
Eigenvalues
Nhom nhan td' 1
0,768 0,710 0,735 0,658
0,666
0,719
0,659
6,981 2
0,537 0,692
0,591 0,717 1,938
3
0,752 0,845 0,769
1,819 4
0,710 0,841
1,597 5
0,744 0,858 0,727
1,470 6
0,870 0,803
1,180 7
0,586 0,825
1,142 INgudn: Ket qua xij" ly sd lieu, 2018
So lieu sd ca'p dffdc thffc hien nhffng can bg, cdng chffc va vien chffc lam viec tai cac phdng, ban thugc UBND cac phffdng, xa thudc thi xa Nga Nam, tinh Sdc
Trang difa tren bang cau hdi phdng van da soan san. Vdi so' quan sat dffdc xdc dinh theo Hair va cgng sff (1998) thilu phai la 50, td't hdn la 100 va ty le quan sat/bie'n do Iffdng la 5:1, nghia la vdi 1 bie'n do Iffdng trong nghien cffu, thi can thu thap 5 quan sat (tat ca 28 bien quan sat, do do kich cd mSu td'i thieu phai la:
28 x 5 = 140 quan sat). Thffc te, nhom tac gia da khao sat 150 va sau khi Ipc cac bang cau hdi bi khuye^t, hi ldi con 148 quan sat dffdc dffa vao thffc hien cac phan tieh trong nghien cffu. Nghien cii^
dffdc thffc bien vao giffa nam 2018.
KET QUA NGHIEN cCrU
Ki^m dinh thang do y^'u td' anh hifdng dS'n dong We lam vide
De kiem tra mdt each chinh xac ciing nhff thd'ng ke ve mffe do chat che cua cac bien quan sat trong thang do cac yeu to anh hffdng den ddng life lam viec cua can bd, cdng chffc va vien chffc, tac gia su" dung he so' Cronbach's Alpha de tien banh kiem dinh do tin cay thang do vdi nham loai di cac bien khdng phu hdp.
Ket qua kiem dinh do tin cay thang do vdi he so Cronbach's Alpha vdi 28 bien quan sat cho tha'y cd 3 bien quan sat "Sff phan chia cdng viec la hdp ly";
"Sff danh gia la cdng bang giffa cac nhan vien"; "Cap tren cua anh/chi lang nghe va tdn trgng y kien ciia anh/chi" cd he so tffdng quan tdng bien Ian Iffdt la 0,239;
0,228; 0,236 (nhd hdn nhieu so vdi 0,3), nen loai khdi md hinh.
Kiem dinh do tin cay thang do difclc thffc hien lai vdi 25 bid^n quan sat. Ket qua cho tha'y, cd 2 bien quan sat "Cong viec hien tai cua anh/chi la hap din, thu vi"; "Cdc chinh sach khen thffcing, khuyen khich nhan vien la tdt" cd he so tffdng quan tdng bien gan vdi 0,3. Tuy nhien, xet ve tam quan trgng ciia 2 yeu to' nay va khi loai 2 bien khdi md hinh, thi he sd Cronbach's Alpha khdng thay ddi, nen 2 bien se van dffdc giff lai. Mat khac, cac bien quan sat do Iffdng cac khia canh cdng viec cdn lai deu co he so tffdng quan tdng bien ldn hdn 0,3 va he so'Cronbach's Alpha Idn hdn 0,6. Nhii vay, cac thanh phan ciia thang do deu dat do tin cay.
Ket qua phSn tich nhan td kham pha (EFA)
Tien hanh phan tich EFA thang do ve cac khia canh cdng viec bao gdm tinh
88
Kinli te'va Dif biochat cdng viec, mdi trffdng lam viec, Iffdng bdng va phiic Idi, kha nang pliat trien sff nghiep, dieu kien lam viec, lanh dao dffdc do Iffdng vdi 25 bien quan sat.
Sau khi tien hanh phan tieh EFA lan 1,
"Cdng viec hien tai cua anh/chi la hap dSn, thu vi" va "Cap tren cua anh/chi tin vao kha nang ra quyet dinh cua anh/chi"
bi loai khdi md hinh do cd he so' tai nhan tdnhdhdnO,5.
Phan tich EFA dffdc thtfc bien lan 2, ket qua cd 7 ye'u to dffdc nit ra tran xoay nhan td' ciing cho ta tha'y, cd 7 cdt the hien 7 thanh phan chinh (yeu to) va he so' tai nhan to' cua cac bien deu Idn bdn 0,5 (thda man tieu ehuan cua phffdng phap phan tich nhan to). Dtfa vao ket qua nay, chiing ta cung bie^t dffdc mdi yeu td gdm nhffng bien quan sat nao. Ket qua chi tiet dffdc the hien qua Bang I.
Cac yg'u to' anh hifdng de'n ddng Iffc lam vi$c cua can bo, cdng chtfc va viSn chitc
Md hinh hdi quy dffdc dffdc sff dung de phan tich cac ye'u to mdi tff ket qua ciia EFA va cac yeu td' nhan khau hgc ciia nhan vien, bao gdm: Sd' nam kinh nghiem; Gidi tinh; Trinh do hgc van.
Bien phu thudc la Ddng life lam viec cua can bd, cdng chffc, vien chffc thi xa Nga Nam, tinh Sdc Trang.
Ket qua phan tich d Bang 2 cho tha'y, kiem dinh F sff dung trong bang phan tich phffdng sai la phep kiem dinh gia thuyet ve do phii hdp cua md binh hdi quy tuyen tinh tdng the. Y tffdng ciia kiem dinh nay ve mdi quan he tuyen tinh giffa cac bie^n phu thudc va bien ddc lap. Ta tha'y, gia tri P md binh la rat nhd (0,000), nen md hinh hdi quy la thich hdp va cd the sff dung dffdc.
He so R^ hieu chinh ciia md hinh la 0,695, cd nghia la khoang 69,5% sff bien thien ciia ddng life lam viec cd the dffdc giai thich tff md'i lien he tuyen tinh giffa cac yeu to' trong md hinh.
Ngoai ra, gia tri Durbin-Watson d md hinh = 1,859. Vdi so'bie'n dgc lap trong md hinh la 7 (k=7) va mlu la 148 quan sat (n = 146), tra bang Durbin Watson, ta cd gia tri D^ la 1,832. Nhff vay, gia tri Durbin - Watson ciia md hinh nam trong khoang dao ddng cho phep D < Gia tri D-W ciia md hinh < 4 - D (1,832 < 1,859
< 2,168) cho thay, cac nhan td giai thich cho dgng life lam viec cd tac ddng den nhau, nhffng khdng dang ke, ta cd the bd qua hien tffdng tff tffdng quan.
BANG 2: c A c N H A N TO ANH HtfdNG DEN DONG LCfC LAJVI VIEC CUA C A N B O , CONG CHCfC VA VIEN CHCifC
NhSn t6'
Tinh chat cdng viec va dieu kien lam viec (*) Lanh dao (*)
Danh gia cong viec (*)
Kha nang phat trien sif nghiep (*) Mdi tnfdng lam viec (*)
Lifdng bdng (*) Phiic ldi Gidi tinh Kinh nghiem (*) Trinh do hoc van (**) R^ dieu chinh
Gia tri Durbin Watson Gia tri P cua kiem dinh F So' quan sat
Beta 0,272 0,253 0,136 0,261 0,149 0,206 0,079 -0,004 0,279 0,138
Gia tri P 0,000 0,000 0,007 0,000 0,003 0,000 0,101 0,928 0,000 0,022
VIF 1,213 1,225 1,171 1,175 1,196 1,192 1,093 1,056 1,893 1,704 0,695 1,859 0,000 148 Luu y: * coy nghia dmice 1%; ** co y nghia dmvCc 5%; *** coy nghia d mile 10%.
Ngudn: Ket qua xxS ly tCf so' lieu l<hao sat
Hdn nffa, cac gia tri VIF cua cac bien trong md hinh dao ddng tff 1,056-1,893 (nhd hdn nhieu so vdi 10).
Vi vay, ta ket luan rang, cac bien dffa vao md hinh la khdng cd hien tffdng da cdng tuyen.
Ket qua cdn cho tha'y, trong 10 bie^n ddc lap dffa vao md hinh, thi cd 8 bien cd y nghia ve mat tbdng ke la Tinh chat cdng viec va dieu kien lam viec; Lanh dao Danh gia cdng viec; Kha nang phat trien sff nghiep Mdi trffdng lam viec; Lffdng bdng; Kinh nghiem lam viec; Trinh do hgc van. Trong dd, Kinh nghiem lam viec la ye'u to' cd anh hffdng quan trgng nhat den ddng life lam viec. Ke de'n lan Iffdt la bien: Tinh chat cdng viec va Dieu kien lam viec; Kha nang phat trien sii nghiep; Lanh dao; Lffdng bdng; Mdi trffdng lam viec;
Trinh do hgc van; va Danh gia cdng viec.
KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHj Ke't luan
Trong 148 can bd, cdng chffc, vien chffc dffdc khao sat y kien, cd 61,5% la nam gidi, 38,5% la nff gidi. Tudi tac trung binh ciia cac can bg, cdng chffc, vien chffc tai thi xa Nga Nam, tinh Sdc Trang la 39 tudi. Ben canh dd, ket qua khao sat cdn cho tha'y, thu nhap trung binh cua cac can bd nam 2017 la 5,3 trieu ddng/thang. Trinh do hgc van trung binh ciia cac can bg, cdng chffc, vien chffc tai thi xa Nga Nam, tinh Sdc Trang la gan 16 nam den trffdng, tffdng dffdng vdi trinh do dai hgc.
Ve ke't qua danh gia cac khia canh cdng viec, can bd, cdng chffc, vien chffc danh gia kha cao ve mgi khia
Economy and Foreca.st Review
89
canh cdng viec. Tuy nhien, diem sd chffa that sff cao, cd trinh do chuyen mdn cao, cung nhif co ydu td Iffdng va danh gia thanh tich cdng viec la nhffng chinh sach thu hut nhffng npffdi tre nSng yeu td ma cac can bd, cdng chffc, vien chffc danh gia dgng, cd nang Itfc de chuan bi dgi ngu tha'p nha't. . kd thffa. ^ , . , . .
Md binh nghien cffu de xua't ban dau cd 6 nhdm yeu Xay dffng cac chinh sach tien IffcJng, td Tuy nhien, sau khi kiem dinh do tin cay thang do trd cap, cdng tac phi cd tinh canh tranh, vdi he sd Cronbach's Alpha va phan tich EFA, thi ket quan tam de'n che do khen thffdng, hinh qua cd 7 nhdm yeu td dffdc rut ra, bao gdm: Tinh chat thffc khen thffdng. Xay dffng cac quy cdng viec va dieu kien lam viec; Lanh dao; Danh gia dinh trong viec thang tien mdt each cong cdng vide; Kha nang phat trien sff nghiep; Mdi trffdng bang, minh bach,
lam viec; Lffdng bdng; Phue ldi. Xay dtfng cac gia tri van hda cua Md hinh hdi quy tuyen tinh bdi dffdc tien hanh vdi doanh nghiep qua dd tao ra mdi trffcing bien ddc lap la 7 nhdm yeu td nit ra tff ket qua phan lam vigc nang ddng, sang tao, chia se tich EFA, cung vdi cac bien dac diem nhan khau hgc, giffa cap dffdi va cap tren.
bao gdm: Gidi tinh; Kinh nghiem cdng viec; va Trinh Tap trung xay dtfng cac chffdng trinh dd hoc van. Bien phu thudc cua md hinh hdi quy la dao tao, hua'n luyen cho cac cap quanly ddng Iffc lam viec cua can bd, cdng chffc, vien chffc. de nang cao cac ky nang quan tri nhan Ket qua cho tha'y, trong 10 bien ddc lap dffa vao md sii. Cac nha lanh dao can the hien sif hinh, tbi cd 8 bien cd y nghia ve mat thdng ke sap xep quan tam, ddng vien nhieu hdn tdi nhan theo mffe do anh hffdng giam dan la: Kinb nghiem vien cap dffdi.
lam viec; Tinh chat cdng viec va dieu kien lam viec; Can dau tff thiet ke' cdng viec phii Kha nang phat trien sff nghiep; Lanh dao, Iffdng bdng; hdp vdi cac vi tri khac nhau trong ddn Mdi trffdng lam viec; trinh do hgc van; Danh gia cdng vi, cdng viec cd muc tieu rd rang, cd tinh viec. Hai bien: Phiic ldi va Gidi tinh khdng cd y nghia thach thffc, nhffng khdng qua ap life de ve mat thd'ng ke. can bd, cdng chffc, vien chffc ludn cam
Kid'n nghi tha'y hffng thu vdi cdng viec.
Ngudn nban life la mdt ngudn Itfc quy gia cua tat ^ Ngoai ra, de giai phap dffdc trien khai ca cac td chffc, ddn vi. Nham giup cac ddn vi cd the ddng bd va bieu qua, cac cd quan ddn yj nang cao, day manh ddng life lam viec cua can bd, tai thi xa Nga Nam can cd stf lien ket, cdng chffc, vien chffc, tac gia xin de xua't mdt sd kien tbdng nha't vdi nhau trong quy hoach, nghi nhff sau: dao tao va bd tri cdng viec, cung nhif tao Xay dtfng chien Iffdc phat trien ngudn nhan Iffc cd ddng life cao nha't de can bd, cdng chiic, trinh do chuyen mdn de dap ffng nhu cau phat trien cua vien chffc phat huy tdi da kha nang lam ddn vi, cd chinh sach dai ngd dd'i vdi ngffdi lao ddng viec va sang tao.G
TAILIEU THAM KHAQ
1. Bui Thi Minh Thu, Le Nguydn Doan Khdi (2014). Nghien cffu cac nhan td anh hffdng den ddng life lam viec cua nhan vien trffc tiep san xua't d Tong Cdng ty Lap may Viet Nam (Lilama), Tqp chi Khoa hgc TrUdng Dqi hgc Can Tha, so 35 (2014), 66-78
2. Hoang Thi Ldc va Nguydn Qud'c Nghi (2014). Xay dffng khung Iy thuyet ve ddng Iffc lam vi6c d khu vffc cdng tai Viet Nam, Tqp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dqi hgc Can Tha, so 32, 1-9
3. Lffu Thi Bich Nggc va cgng sii (2013). Nhffng nhan td tac dgng den dgng life lam viec cua nhan vien trong khach san, Tqp chi Khoa hgc Dqi hgc Suphqm TP. Ho Chi Minh, so' 49, 22-30
4. Tran Van Huynh (2016). Nhdn td dnh hudng tdi dgng lytc Idm viec cda cdng chdc tqi sdLao dgng Thuang binh vd Xd hgi tinh Nam Dinh, Luan van thac sT Quan tri nhan life, Trffdng Dai hoc Lao ddng Xa hdi
5. Hair et al. (1998). Multivariate data analysis, Prentice-HaU Intemational, Inc 6. Herzberg, Frederick (1959). The motivation to work, Wiley Publisher, New York
7. Maslow, Abraham H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation, Psychological Review, 50,4
QUANG CAO SO 36 ^ ^ M M l l ^ KINH TE VA DI^ BAO ^
1. Sd Ke hoach va Dau ttf dnh Lao Cai Bia 2
2. UBND huyen Van Ban Bia3 3. Ban Quan ly Khu kinh te'Quang Binh Bia4
9 0 Kinh leva Dif bac
