Cai each giao due va thay saeh

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Cai each giao due va thay saeh

GS. VS. NGUYEN CANH TOAN

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en giao due each mang cCia nUdc ta da trai qua m6t so Ian cai each. Khi no! tdi myc tieu cai each thi tarn nhin eDng l<ha rong, nhiTng den Ithi bat tay vao viec thi nhieu ngu6i cho rang clii each giao due da suy thoai thanh thay chudng trinh va s^ch giao khoa pho thong va vi§c cai each giao due col nhif Cham dirt khi da thay sach den Idp pho thong cao nhat va den nay cDng chUa c6 tdng ket xem "hay" - "d6" the nao. Tat nhien, eung eo nhOng cai hay, vi dy nhU bay gid chung ta da dUa dLTde t'n hoc vao trudng pho thong va chCing ta van phat trien giao dye ve so \iS0nQ. NhUng cai "d6" thi eon nhieu. Vfdu - rhil hien nay la thut liJi ve each day - each hoc do viec day

them, hge them tran Ian hdn trudc. nguyen nhan la hau nhu ehCing ta ch? 06 mot con dudng lam giao due la den Idp "thay giang - tro nghe" v6i no! dung da c6 trong sach giao khoa. Va trong eac muc tieu de ra cho hoc sinh phai (J?it den thi rat nhieu myc tieu khong the dgt dUde neu eh? bang each den Idp nghe thiy giang roi ve nha dpe sach giao khoa. Vi dy nhu: "tac phong Cong nghiep", "\u duy sang tgo".,., no chf c6 the den v6i hoc sinh thong qua viee hoe tap, nghien cifu gan lien v6i ddi s6ng chQ khong the ehl bang each "thay giang - tro nghe"

dUdc. De cho hoc sinh gan v6i ddi song bang each phan dau ghep minh vao viec ren luyen nhij'ng nhOng pham chat can cho m6t cuSc song van minh, hien dai thi phai rat col trong phudng hudng gan nha trudng vdi ddi song, tap duyet cho hpe tro van dung nhQng suy nghT va va nhDng thao tae van minh. Sach giao khoa du doi mdi eung chi cung cap dUdc kien thiKc thdi, kho long ma trinh bay dUdc each tu duy, ren luyen nhan each, ren luyen phUdng phap luan.,, Chi c6 thUc tiln cuoc song mdi bupc Chung ta va eijng ren luyen cho chung ta de dan dan eo nhQng thCr do. Hay lay vi dy ve tac phong cong nghigp thi trong mue tieu dao tao tir lau, ta da c6 no! den nhU: tC/ bao nam nay roi, hang trieu ngudi da kinh qua giao dye pho thong va vao ddi, nhUng hp dem vao ddi chu yeu vdi tac phong tieu Ihij cong nghiep chir khong phai la tac phong cong nghiep. Co mot nghich 1;^ la hien nay ngadi viel bai nay cung chua giai thi'ch dadc: ke tCf khi hpc sinh pho thong nUde la tham gia thi toan quoc te cho den nay, nam nao hoc sinh Viet Nam cung dat thanh tfch Idn hdn hpc sinh Nhat Ban. The nhUng khi xet den cac bang sang ch&' cua lao dong san xuat thi trong m6t ngay, so bang sang che cCia lao dong Nhat Ban bang so bang sang ehe eCia Viet Nam trong ba nam. Tdi chua giai thfch vi cung chaa c6 dip nghien eCfu ve giao due Nhat Ban, nhUng toi suy diln nhU sau:

6 Nhat, ngUditasdm chilyden ren luyen 6c sang tao, NgaytiJ thdi Minh Tri, da c6 nhOng cau Igc bo ren luyen 6c sang tao.

Nh&t Ban eiJng r^t chu y den ren luyen tac phong eong nghiep.

NgUdi ta ke I9I cho toi rang: cac xi nghep 6 Nhat Ban rat sach, lay tay quel vao dau cung khong thay c6 bui. va vira roi, Nhat ra khoi nan dong dat, song than la nhd dan Nhat rat eo trat ty, k?

cadng. Con 6 nadc ta, thi cCl nhin trat tu giao thong tren dudng pho thi biet. Ren luyen dUdc diJe tinh nhU vay la phai lau dai va rat CO y thilc. Mot nha khoa hoc nUdc ngoai da n6i v6i mot ban

dong nghi§p Viet Nam rang: "Toi thay cac ong thong cam vdi nhau d l dang qua, cai gi cung eham trudc cho nhau dUdc".

Ngay cai hien nay chung ta diidng ta hao la so huy ehUdng cua hpc sinh Viet Nam trong cac cuoc thi qu6c te, theo toi eung c6 van de la de thi quo'c t§' ch? m6i thCf thach nang lyc giai quyet van de ehQ ehUa this thach nang lUc phat hien van de. Ca hat nang luc nay deu rat can cho su sang tao, nhUng nang lyc phat hien van d l quan trpng hdn. B6i vi, c6 phat hien van de thi mdi c6 van de de nghien c(iu va tCf d6 mdi eo sang tao ra cai mdi.

Cho nin, neu ehung ta ren luyen hpc sinh gioi chf bang each dUa ra nhQng bai tap kho thi chifa dij. Tap duyet sang tao la phai thC/ thach ca nang lyc gJai quy&'t van de va nang lUc phat hien van de. Hdn nOa, muon gan nha frUdng v6i ddi song thi chf rieng nganh giao dye thi chua dCi, vi n6i den ddi song la noi den rat nhieu ngudi, hp lai 6 trong nhQng to chiJc khac nhau. Muon dieu khien hp thi kho c6 t h i dung menh lenh dUdc ma phai dCing nhQng quy luat khach quan vi sQc manh an tron^ nhQng quy luat khach quan d6 - sQc manh CLJa sy tat yeu. An trong cac quy luat do se bupc mpi ngUdi phai nghe. Vi dy: muon de cho hoc sinh pho thong dUdc tham gia nghien cUu khoa hgc ihi phai lien ket pho thong v6i dai hoc de roi hpc sinh pho thong dUdc nhan lay sU phan cong phu hdp vdi trinh do eua minh sau khi da nhan dUdc sy gitlp d3 tU cac to chQc, d6 tile la van dung quy luat troi len eCia ly thuyet he thong. Khong biet dung luat nay thi chi biet keu kh6 "lam sao dUa hpc sinh pho thong vao nghien cifu khoa hoe dUdc", va nhU the, viec ren luyen "tac phong cong nghiep","ti; duy sang tao" cung bj anh hu&ng.

Nhu vay, tCf nhQng myc tieu eai each giao due den vi6c hoc cua tro, day cua thay, to chQc cua nha quan ly hien nay van chiia dUde lap day bang nhQng to chQc chung. NhUng neu c6 nhQng to chQc chuyen nghien cQu nhQng quy luat khach quan ehl phoi eac hoat dong d6 thi se tim ra nhQng each giai quyet rat gpn. vfdu nhU nhd quy luat troi len ma c6 the dUa dUdc phUdng phap sd do mang (PERT) vao lay hoe sinh pho thong nhu da noi den trong bai: "Them hoat dong xa hdi eCa hoc sinh pho ihdng, khong ddn thuan la mot phep cong vao noi khda" (dang tr§n so bao 03-2Q14T^p ehi Day va hoc ngay nay, trang 8).

N61 nhu tren de thay rang tuy chUdng trinh va sach giao khoa la quan trpng nhung con thieu nhieu thy lam thi mdi c6 the dat tdi muc tieu ma cat each giao due da de ra. Dieu d6 phai xay dyng dan dan bang nhQng de tai khoa hpc cl!ia giao vien, bang sU lien ket dsii hpc-va pho thong, bang caeh bam lay nhQng chCitrUdng, ehfnh sach cCia Dang va Nha nUdcnhUchCi trUdng xay dyng nong thon mdi bay gid. Nhin xa hdn nQa eo the tien doan trudc rang, roi den mot ngay nao do, viec to chQc cai each giao dye bat dau bang viec doi mdi chUdng Irinhg va sach giao khoa se tr6 nen lac hau vi khoa hoc - cong nghe thi tiin nhu vu bao, con giao dye thi ch? cd the doi mdi mot each tQ tU, cho nen, each to chQc cai each giao due trude het bang doi mdi chUdng trinh va saeh giao khoa se khong eon thfch hdp niJa, va luc do, se eo each khac va cac cd quan nghien cifu ehien lUOc phai nghT den ngay tQ bay gid.