No 14_Dec2019|Sd 14 - Thang 12 nam 2019|p 50-56
T A P CHI KHOA H O C DAI HOC T A N T R A O ISSN: 2 3 5 4 - 1 4 3 1
http://tckh.daihoctantrao.edu.vn/
Tim hieu triet ly giao due Ho Chi Minh
Tnnh Quoc Viet"
"Hoc vien Chinh In, Bp Quoc phdng Email: tnnhvieltthcm@gmail com
T h d n g tin bai viet
Ngdy nhdn bdi:
06/10/2019 Ngdy duyet ddng- 10/12/2019
Tir khda
Ho Chi Minh; gido due.
tnet ly gido due; con nguai mai; danh nhdn vdn hda
T o m tat
Hd Chi Minh khdng chi duoc biet ddn la anh hung giai phdng dan tdc, danh nhan van hda kidt xuat cua Viet Nam, ma Ngudi cdn la mdt nha su pham mau muc.
Trong sudt cudc ddi hoat dpng each mang cua minh, Hd Chi Minh da danh phan Idn tam tri cho giao due con ngudi He thdng luan didm ve giao due cung vdi hoat dpng thuc tidn giap due phpng phu cua Ngudi da dat nen mdng chp su ra ddi, phat Uidn ciia nen giiio due each mang Viet Nam. He thong eac quan diem dd cua Ngudi dupe hidn thuc hda trong thuc tidn each mang - dd chinh la tnet ly giap due H P Chi Minh. Tnet ly giap due cua Ngudi cd gia hi to Idn va dang soi sang su nghiep giao due hidn nay d Viet Nam
1. Bat van de
Tnet ly giao due la mdt khai mem it duac ban den d phuang Tay, chu ydu hp ban den tndt hpc ve giiio due (philosophy of education or educational philosophy), vii dt nhidn each hieu hai npi ham nay lii khdng hpan toan ddng nhat song cd su tucmg ddng vd mat khoa hoc Bdi vi, ca "tridt hoc giap due" vii "tnet ly giiio due" deu "chi mdt chuydn nganh Qiet hoc Qng dung vao Itnh vuc giao duc"^ Tuy vay, Uiet hoc ve giao due duoc hieu vdi nghta rdng hon va khdng bi gidi han, cdn tnet ly giao due ngan gon, cd due hon Thep GS Tran Ngpc Them, thuat ngQ "hiet ly giao due" duoc hieu ia "tu tudng giap due duoc trinh bay CO due, ngSn gpn vd nhQng yeu cau co ban cua san pham ma ndn giao due hudng tdt, nham dap ung cac nhu cau cua xa hdi trong mdt bdi canh chu the - khdng gian - thdi gian nh3t dinh, cd tac dung dinh hudng cho hoat ddng"^
' Pham Minh Hac, Tnel ly gido due IhS giOi va Viel Nam, Nxb Chinh tn qu6c gia Sir thai. Ha Noi. 2013, tr 39
' https //giaoduc net,vii/Giao-duc-24h/Chu-nhieni-de-lai-cap-quoc- gia-ve-tnet-ly-giao-duc-len-Iieng-post 193400 gd
Vdi hai nghiem vd cung phong phu, sinh ddng qua nhieu ndn giao dye khac nhau h-dn hanh trinh ciiu nudc. giai phong dan tpc. Ho Chi Mmh da n h | n thQc dung ve vai trd, vi tri ciia giao due, phuong hudng phat tnen, muc lieu, phuong phap, npi dung, mo hinh td chuc giao due, chii the va ddi tuong giap due,, de tQ dc van dung vao xay dung ndn giiio due each mang Vidt Nam Thanh cdng cua ndn giao due mdi d nudc ta dd chinh la the hien su thanh cdng cua mdt tnet ly giao due mang dam dau an cua Hd Chi Minh
Thanh cdng cua Hd Chi Minh hong su nghiep giap due, dap tao chinh la the hidn su thanh cdng cua mot Qidt ly giao due each mang dung dan, cd giii Ui ly luan va thuc tien cao, khong chi hong giai doan duong thdi ma van giQ nguyen tinh cap nhat d thai dai kmh te Ui thuc va xa hdi biing nd vd Uidng tin hien nay GS Song Thanh cho rang •'He thdng lai nhQng cau ndi, nhQng menh de chua dung nhQng quan diem co ban nhat ed quan hd ddn muc tidu, nguydn ly, phuong cham giao due, npi dung va phuang phap day hpc. . cd the khing
T.Q.Viel/No 14_Dec 2019|p 50-56 djnh: cd mpt triet ly gido due Hd Chi Minh"'". Hidn
nay. vide tim hieu va khai quat ndi dung tnet ly giao due Ho Chi Minh cdn chua hoan toan thdng nliit, tuy nhien da sd cac nha khoa hpe, nha nghien cQu ddu co ban thdng nhat vdi quan diem trdn cua GS Song Thanh ve CO mdt Uiet ly giag due Hd Chi Minh Va Q-dn thuc te, qua he thdng cac bai ndi, bai viet ma Hd Chi Minh de cap vd Itnh vuc giao due, chung ta cd the thay ro trong tu duy va chi dao thuc tien ciia Ngudi ddu nhat quan hudng den muc tidu xay dung mdt ndn giao due mcri, nen giao due ddc lap de phat Uidn toan dien con ngirdi, do la nen giao due hoan toan Viet Nam Dieu nay da duoc chinh Ho Chi Minh va Dang, Nha nudc, nhan dan ta quan Uidt, thuc hien gdp phan lam thay ddi didn mao nen giao due cua mdt nudc vdn chiu anh hudng nang ne cua giao due phong kidn. giao due thuc dan hang tram nam tnrdc dd
2. Nai dung nghien cihi
2.1. Quan diem ve chdng chinh sach ngu ddn Nguydn Tat Thanh - Nguyen Ai Qudc - Hd Chi Minh sinh ra hong canh nudc mat, nha tan va Idn Idn d vung que Lam Hong ndi hdng, Ngudi da true tidp chOng kien va than hidu than phan cua ngudi dan d mpt nirdc thupc dia, 1? thudc dudi ach eai hi vd cung ha khSc, tan bao cua thuc dan Phap. Chinh sach ngu dan va chia de trj ciia bd may cai tn do thuc dan Phap tien hanh da lam cho nhan dan ta roi vao hnh canli "mdt cd, hai trdng" vdi ddi sdng vd cung lac hau Thuc td dd la mot hong nhQng dpng luc thoi thuc Nguydn Tat Thanh ra nudc ngoai xem ho lam thd nao dd h d vd giup dd dong bao minh NhQng nam thang hoat ddng d nudc ngoai, Ngudi duoc trai nghiem cudc sdng d nudc Phap va nhieu nudc khac d chau A, chau Phi, chau My latinh va chau Au Trdn hanh trinh d3y gian khd dd, Ngudi luon thap len Unh than va khat vong Idn lao la lam sao cho nudc ta duoc ddc lap, dan ta duac hr do, ddng bap la ai cung cd com an, ao mac, ai cung duoc hoc hanh Dang chu y, khi hoat ddng trong Dang Xa hdi Phap va Uiam gia sang lap Dang Cpng san Phap d Dai hdi Tua thang 12 nam 1920, Nguydn Ai Qudc - Hd Chi Mmh chinh la nlian vat dau Iranh manh me nhat vdi chmh sach vdi thudc dia ciia diuc dan Phap, Ngudi luon thd hien thai dd het sue bat bmh den ' ^ phin va khdng ngung td cao. len an, chdng lai tdi ac cua chii nghia thuc dan, nhat la kidn quydt chdng cliinh sach ngu dan ma che dd thuc dan ap dat d nudc mmh cung nhu cac nudc thudc dia, Id thudc khac Khi Qa Idi mdt phong vidn bao Yi Che Pao xuat ban d Thidn Tan, Trung
Qudc, ngay 20-9-1919, Nguydn Ai Qudc ndi "Bang each can trd van mmh va tidn bo ciia dan tpc An Nam, ngudi Phap vinli vidn dat dan tpc nay ra ngoai id cua ndn van mmh thd gidi"". Ngudi dua ra con sd chQng mmh nan thidu tnrdng hoc ma che dd thuc dan mang lai "cd mot nghm nam ham ty niou va thudc phien cho mot nghm lang hong khi clii cd mudi trudng hpc cung cho bay nhieu lang"'-
Tren thuc td, thuc dan Phap cd md cac hudng nghd va ca mdt sd Uirdng cao dSng, dai hoc, song tat ca deu duoc che day bang vd hpc my midu cua cum hr "khai hda van mmh", cdn thuc chat dd chi ia cac Uudng ehi nham dao tao mot sd vidn chuc nhd phuc vu cho chinh sach cai tn cua chung Dieu nay, dupe Nguyin Ai Qudc thang than vach Qan- "Ngoai muc dich giao due de dao tao tuy phai, thdng ngdn va vidn cliQc nhd du sd can thidt phuc vu cho bon xam luoc - ngudi ta da gieo ric mdt nen giao due ddi bai, xao U'a va nguy hidm hon ca su ddt nat nQa, vi mdt ndn giao due nhu vay chi lam hu hdng mat tinh net eiia ngudi di hpe, clii dgy cho hp mpt ldng "hung thuc" gia ddi, chi day cho hp biet sung bai uhQng ke manh hon minli, day chp thanh men ydu mdt Tp quoc khdng phai la Td qudc cua minh va dang ap hue minh. Nen giao due ay day cho thanh thieu men khinh re nguon gdc ddng gidng minh"'''
Tmh than chong chinh sach ngu dan ciia Nguydn Ai Qudc cdn duoc the hidn thdng qua didm thQ 6 heng Yeu sdch ciia nhdn ddn An Nam do Ngudi thay mat nhdm nhQng ngudi An Nam yeu nudc d Phap ky ten gQi den Hpi ngh| hda binh a Versai nam 1919 "Tu do hpc tap, thanh lap cac trudng ky thuat va chuydn nghiep d tat ca cac tirdi cho ngudi ban xQ,". Nam 1925, thdng qua tac pham Bdn an chi do thuc ddn Phdp, Nguydn Ai Qudc da td cao, len an va ket tdi chil nghta diuc dan, nhat la vd chinh sach ngu dan rat tham ddc cua chiing Theo Ngudi dd la ndn giao due nd le ""Lam cho u me dd thdng tn", dd ia phuong phap ma nha cam quyen d cac thudc dia ciia chung ta ua dung nhat"'''
Ddn nam 1930, hong Cuong Itnh dau tien cua Dang do Nguydn Ai Qudc khdi thao da xac dinh rd muc heu phai pha bd nen giap due ngu dan ciia thuc dan Phap
"Phd thdng giao due Uieo cdng ndng hoa"'^ Dieu niiy khang dinh su nhat quan cua Ngudi U'ong chong chinh sach ngu dan, va hudng den ndn giao due mdi dem lai
ht^ //lyluanchinhtn vn/home/index php^al-nol-bat/ltem/967-tr ly-g-ao-duc-ho-chi-minhhtml
" H6Chi Minh, 7"oa« fdp, N:<b Ciiinh tn quoc gia. Ha Noi, 2011, tap l . t r 4 5 7
'- H^ Chi Minh, Toan lop. Sdd, tap 1, tr 38,
" H6 Chi Minh, Toan lap, Sdd, lap l , t r 4 2 4 '•* H6 Chi Minh, Toan tap, Sdd. tap 2, tr 108
" H6 Chi Minh, Toan lap. Sdd, lap 3. tr. 1
T.Q Fiei/No 14_Dec 2019|p 50-56 cudc song tdt dep cho nhan dan, giai phdng nhan dan
khdi kiep nd le
2 2. Quan diim vi mot ddn tdc ddt Id mpl ddn tdc yiu
TQ nhan thuc diing va kien quydt dau tranh den Cling vdi chinh sach ngu dan ciia diuc dan Phap, Hd Chi Mmh cdn xac dinh dung va danh gia cao vai trd ciia giao due hong md mang dan Ui Vi vay, sau klu Cach mang Thang 8 nam 1945 thanh cdng, trong phien hop dau hdn cua Chinh phu Lam thdi (3-9-1945), Hd Chi Minh chi ra 6 nhiem vu cap bach, trong dd nhiem vu cap bach thQ 2 duoc Ngudi nhan manh "Van dd thu hai, nan ddt - La mdt trong nhijng phuang phap ddc ac ma bon thuc dan dung dd cai Ui chiing ta Hon chin muoi phan h^am ddng bao chung ta mu chQ Nhung chi can ba thang la du dd hoc doe, hoc viet lieng nudc ta thep van qudc ngQ Mdt dan tdc ddt la mdt dan tdc yeu Vi vay tdi de nghi md mdt chien dich dc chdng nan mu chQ"'^
Luan diem "Mdt dan tdc ddt la mdt dan tdc yeu"
ciia Hd Chi Minh da phan anh rd quan diem nhat quan ve vai Urd ciia giao due, va day chinh la mdt tnet ly mang tinh khai quat gia hi tinh hoa ciia nhan loai ve vai trd giao due Theo Hd Chi Minh, ddt d day khdng chi han hep d khdng bidt chQ - "mii chQ", ma nd chinh lii
"dan hi" hay trinh dd dan tri, the hidn d trinh do hieu bidt, d h-i tud cua nhan dan tren cac linh vuc cua ddi sdng xa hpi Ngay 04-10-1945. trong bai "Chdng nan that hoc" dang trdn bao Cuu quoc so 58, Ngudi viet
"So ngudi Viet Nam that hoe so vdi sd ngudi trong nudc la 95 phan tram, nghta la hau het ngudi Viet Nam mu chQ. Nhu the thi tien bd lam sao duoc'' Nay chung ta da giiinh duoc quyen ddc lap Mpt hong nhQng cdng vide phai thuc hidn cap toe trong liic nay la nang cao dan Ui"" Hidn thuc hda hr tudng chdng gmc ddt, nang cao trinh dd dan hi, Hd Chi Minh da chi dao Chinh phii thanh lap Nha binh dan hoc vu, md cac \dp hoc budi toi, bat budc hpc chQ qudc ngQ Quyet tam dd cua Hd Chi Mmh va Chinh phii da duoc toan dan dong tinh, ung hd va nhanh chdng trd thanh phong trao "Binh ddn hoc
•vu". thu duoc nhieu ket qua hong xda mii chQ, gdp phan nang cao dan tri
2.3 Quan diim vi Ipi ich tram ndm trong nguai Vol tam nhin sau sac ve vai trd ciia giap due nang cao dan Ui. Hd Chi Minh khang dinh giao due la ddng luc de phat hidn dat nudc, tao ra ngudn nhan luc, bdi dudng nhan tai de phuc vu su nghidp each mang Den
tham lap hoc chinh Ui cua cac giao vien cap I va cap U toan midn Bac, ngay 13-9-1958, Ngudi ndi "Vi Ic^i ich mudi nam thi phai udng cay, vi loi ich Qam nam thi phai trdng ngirdi Chung ta phai dao tao ra nliQng cong dan tdt va can bd tdt cho nudc nha"'^ Doi %'di Ho Chi Minh, giao due phai duoc xem la mdt mat tran quan trong trong su nghidp khang chien, kidn quoc va xay dung chu nghta xa hdi "Van hoa giao due la mpt mat tran quan hong trong cdng cudc xay dung chu nghta xa hdi d mien B§c va dau U-anh thuc hien thdng nhat nudc nha"'^ Bdi le, theo Ngudi, vide xay dung chu nghta xa hdi la qua trinh vd ciing gian khd, phai kinh qua nhidu giai doan khac nhau, song tuu trung lai con ngudi la ddng luc CO ban va chu yeu Vi thd, con ngudi ma sa nghiep trdng ngudi hudng den phai la con ngudi toan dien, con ngudi ciia che do xa hdi chii nghta Ngudi nhan manh "Mudn tidn len chii nghta xa hpi thi phai ed eon ngudi xa hdi chu nghta""" Ddn ban Di chuc hch su mang tinh chat ciia mdt cucmg Itnh tdng ket toan bp tien trinh cua each mang Viet Nam ma Ngudi de lai cho toan Dang, toan dan, toan quan ta, vide giao due con ngudi dac biet la giao due, bdi duong thd hd each mang cho ddi sau la mpt trong nhQng npi dung ndi b^t Ngudi Viet: "Bdi dudng the he each mang cho ddi sau la mpt vide rat quan h'png va rat can thiet"^',
2 4 Quan diem vi xdy dung nen gido due ciia mpl nu&c dpc Idp
Nung nau vd xay dung nen giap due cua mpt nudc ddc lap da bpe Id d Nguyen Ai Qudc - Ho Chi Minh Ui khi Ngudi cdn la hpc sinh d tmdng Quoc hpc Hud nam 1908 Qua nhQng bai giang cua cac thay giao giau long ydu nudc, da tac dpng va thdi vao tam hdn cua mdt hoc smh vdn rat yeu nudc, thuong dan va dam me hpc tap.
D P dd, theo tieng vong cua tinh yeu manh lidt vdi Td qudc, vdi nhan dan, Nguyen Tat Thanh da xudng dudng tham gia phong hao bieu tinh chdng thud Tiep do, Ngudi da thdi hoc va cung cha la cu Nguyin Sinh Sac dl vao Binh Dinh - dia phuong ma Uidu dinh nha Nguyen ra chi du bd rduem cu Phd bang Nguj'ln Smh sac lam Tn phii sau nhieu lan cu Sac tQ chdi ra lam quan TQ Idi kliuyen cua cha minh, Nguyen Tat Thanh da dl vao Nam va tim dudng ra nudc ngpai tim hidu de sau vd giiip ddng bao Va kliat vong giai phdng ddng bao chinh la khdi ngudn cho y tudng xay dung ndn giao due cua mdt nudc ddc lap
" H6 Chi Minh, Toan lap. Sdd, tap 4, L
" Ho Chi Minh. Toon lap. Sdd, tap 4, t
" H6 Chi Mmh, Toan lop, Sdd, tap 11, Ir
" H6 Chi Minh, Toan Igp, Sdd. tap 12. tr -° H6 Chi Minti, Toan top, Sdd, tap 12. tr
^' H6 Chi Minh, Toan (dp, Sdd, tap 15. Ir
T.Q.Viet/'tJo 14_Dec2019|p 50-56 Sudt hanh trinh 30 nam hoat dong d nudc ngoai, Hd
Chi Mmh da di qua nhieu chau luc, tiep xiic vdi nhidu ndn van hda khac nhau, hong dd Ngudi da nghidn cuu va hep thu cac gia Ui tien bd cua cac nen giao due cua cac nudc phuang Tay (My, Anh, Phap), Lien Xd Dd la cac nen giao due dan chu, toan didn, mang tinli nhan van sau sic duoc cd dong hong tu tudng "tu dp, binh d§ng, bac ai" ma Tuyen ngdn Cach mang My 1776 va Tuyen ngdn Cach mang Phap 1989 hudng den. Dd la ndn giao due cd tinh thuc hoc, thuc nghiep cao, Iudn giin ch?t giQa giao due trong nha Uirdng vdi nhu cau ciia thuc tidn va nhiim giai phdng hoim toan con ngudi khoi ap biic, bdc lot, bat cdng ma Nha nudc Lien Xd thuc hien hong su nghiep each mang Nhd tiep thu cac gia tn tidn bd d cac nen giao due nay, da tao ndn tinh khoa hoc, each mang, da dang, phong phii cua tnet ly giao due Hd Chi Minh
Khi nudc nlia gianh duoc ddc lap, ngay 6 la thu dau tien gui cho cac em hoc sinh nhan ngay khai giang nam hpc mdi, Hd Chi Mmh da khang khai va vui mung viet
"cac em duoc cai may man hon cha anh la duoc hap thu mot nen giao due cua mdt nudc ddc lap""" Quan didm nay cua Hd Chi Minli khang dinh ndn giao due each mang chi duoc thuc hien khi nudc nha duac ddc lap, va nd phai hudng den nen giao due cua mdt nudc ddc lap, tien bd Quan diem dd the hien tinh nhan dan, tinh dan tpc ciia giao due, luon lay muc tieu phuc vu ddng dao quan chiing nhan dan liim cai dich Nen giao due dd phai bam sat dudng ldi, nhidm vu chinh tn cua Dang, ph\ic vu cho dudng ldi, nhiem vu chinh tn ay, ddng thdi phiii nam vQng trinh dp, nhu cau van hda ciia quan chiing nhan dan dd td chQc ciic hoat ddng giao due cho phii hop, chdng cac quan didm sai trai, tieu cue trong xem xet, danh gia vd giao due Song de moi ngudi dan nhaji thirc duoc nen giao due mang tinh dan tdc ciia mpt nudc ddc lap, theo Ngudi hirdc hdt phai lam cho nhan din cac dan tdc d Vidt Nam hieu duoc ngudn gdc hch sii hinh th^nh cua minh thep Unh than "Dan ta phai biet su ta, Cho tudng gdc tich nudc nha Viet Nam""^ Thep do, nen giao due ciia mot nudc dpc lap phiii phat huy tmyen thdng ciia dan tdc va giQ gin, bao vd, phat tnen cac gia tq tdt dep cua van hda dan tpc, ddng thai ndn giao diic dd phai mang iai quyen tu do, hanh phiic cho nhan dan Hd Chi Minh nhan manh "Nhung neu nudc dpc lap ma dan khdng hudng hanh phiic hr do, thi ddc lap cung chang cd nghta ly gi""''
2.5 Quan diem ddo tao nhirng cdng ddn hiru ich cho nudc nhd
Khdng chi quan tam sau she vdi su nghiep trdng ngupi ciia mdt ndn giao due doc lap, Ho Chi Minh cdn mong mudn nen giao due mdi d Vidt Nam se dao tao ra nhQng cdng dan tdt cho su phat tnen cua nudc nha Trong thu gui cho cac em hoc sinh nhan ngay khai giang nam hoc mdi. Ho Chi Mmh da viet' "mdt ndn giao due nd se dao tao cac em ndn nhQng ngudi cdng dan hQu ich cho nudc Viet Nam''^^. Quan diem nay cua Ngudi xac dinh ro muc tidu cua nen giao due each mang Vidt Nam, la dao tap ra nhQng cdng dan hQu ich cho Td qudc, Theo dd, ngudi cdng dan hQu ich la nhQng ngudi sdng va lam viec theo Hidn phap va phap luat, giQ diing ky cuong phep nudc, thuc hien tdt cac nghta vu, trach nhidm ciia ngudi cdng dan, mil rong hon do chinh la sdng cd friich nhiem (chia se, ddng gdp.
cong hien) vdi cong ddng, xa hdi, tren co sd Idng yeu nudc, tu hao, tu tdn dan tpc Trong thuc hdn. Ho Chi Mmh da cung vdi Dang, Nha nude, nhan dan ta day cdng gay dung, dao tao ra Idp lap cac the hd ngudi Vidt Nam trd thanh ngudi cdng dan hQu ich, vQa cd due, vQa cd tai, san sang xa than hi sinh, cong hien cho cho su nghidp each mang ciia dan tdc Trong hai cupc khang chien chong diuc dan Phap, My cua dan tpc, thi hau het ngudi dan Viet Nam deu nhan thQc day dii ve nghta vy, trach nhidm vdi Td qudc, vdi cdng dong xa hpi, vdi gia dmh va vdi chinh ban dian ho Nhflng phong hao each m^ng sdi ndi va rpng khap cua cac gidi, cac nganh va hong toan xa hdi nhu: "ba san sang", "nam xung phong"
va cac khau hidu each mang "thoc khdng thidu mpt can, quan khdng thidu mdt ngudi", "tat ca cho tien tuyen, tat ca vi mien Nam dian ydu" da trd diimh menh lenh Ur Qai tim cua mdi ngudi dan Viet Nam
2.6. Quan diim vi nen gido due ldm phat tnen hoan todn cdc ndng luc san cd cua cdc em
Trong Thu ddu ndm hpc mdi, thang 9-1945, Ho Chi Minh da chi rd viec xay dung "mdt nen giao due lam phat hien hoan toan nhflng nang luc san cd cua cac em""^ Quan didm nay cho thay tu duy ly luan het sfle khoa hoc, each mang d Hd Chi Minh Nd thd hidn ro tinh ke thQa cua Ngudi hong tiep thu cac gia hi hen bo ciia Uidt ly giao due thd gidi gdn vdi didu kien diuc tidn Viet Nam Thuc te, viec phat tnen hoan toan nang luc san cd cua ngudi hoc la mdt hong nhQng muc tieu va dinh hudng co bim ciia giao due nhan loai Mdt nen giao due nao cd thd Iam tdt didu nay chinh la mdt nen
^ Ho Chi Minh, J o d n lap. Sdd, tap 4, Ir 34
^ Ho Chi Minh..^od« lap, Sdd, tap 3, tr 255.
Ho Chi Minh, Toan lap, Sdd, tap 4, tr 54
" H6 Chi Minh. Toan Idp. Sdd, tap 4, Ir 34
" m Chi Minh, loan lap, Sdd, tap 4, tr 34
TQ.Viel/'Ho ]4_
cudc song tot dep cho nhan dan, giai phdng nlian dan khdi kiep nd Id
2.2. Quan diem ve mdt ddn tpc ddt la mpt ddn tpc yeu
TQ nhan thuc diing va kidn quyet dau tranh den cimg vdi chinh sach ngu dan cua thuc dan Phap, Hd Chi Minh cdn xac dinh dung vii danh gia cao vai trd ciia giao due hong md mang dan tri Vi vay, sau khi Cach mang Thang S nam 1945 thanh cdng, frong phidn hop dau hdn cua Chinh phu Lam thdi (3-9-1945), Hd Chi Mmh chi ra 6 nhidm vu cap bach, trong dd nluem vu cap bach thQ 2 duoc Ngudi nhan manh "Van de thu hai, nan ddt - La mdt trong nhung phuong phap ddc ac ma bon thuc dan diing de cai tn chiing ta Hon chin muoi phan tram ddng bao chung ta mu chQ Nliung chi can ba thang la du de hoc doc, hoc viet tieng nude ta theo van qudc ngQ Mdt dan tdc ddt la mdt dan tdc ydu Vi vay tdi de nghi md mdt chien dich dd chdng nan mu chfl"'^
Luan diem "Mdt dan tdc ddt la mdt dan tdc ydu"
cua Hd Chi Minh dii phan anh ro quan diem nhat quan ve vai hd cua giao dye, va day chinh la mdt tnet ly mang tinh khai quat gia hi tmh hoa cua nhan loai ve vai hd giao due Theo Hd Chi Minh, ddt d day khdng ehi han hep d khdng biet chQ - "mu chQ", mii nd chinh la
"dan tri" hay hinh do dan tri, thd hidn d trinh dd hidu biet, d tri tud cua nhan dan tren cac Itnh vuc ciia ddi sdng xa hpi Ngay 04-10-1945, trong bai "Chdng nan that hpc" dang hdn bao Ciru quoc sd 58, Ngudi viet
"So ngudi Viet Nam that !ioc so vdi so ngudi U"ong nudc la 95 phan tram, nghia la hau het ngudi Viet Nam mu chQ Nhu the thi tien bd lam sao dupe'' Nay chiing ta da gianh dupe quydn ddc lap Mdt trong nhflng cdng vide phai thuc hidn cap tdc trong liic nay la nang cao dan hi"'^ Hidn thuc hda hr tudng chdng giac ddt, nang cao trinh dd dan tri, Hd Chi Mmh da chi dao Chinh phu thanh lap Nha binh dan hpc vu, md cac lop hoc budi tdi, bat budc hoe chQ quoc ngQ Quyet tam dd cua Hd Chi Mmh va Chinh phu da duoc toan dan ddng tinh, ling hd va nhanh chdng trd thiinh phong frao "Binh ddn hoc vu", thu duac nhidu ket qua trong xda mu chfl, gdp phan nang cao dan tri
2.3. Quan diem vi loi ich tram nam trdng ngudi Vdi tam nhin sau sac ve vai trd ciia giao due nang cao dan hi. Hd Chi Minh khang dinh giao due la ddng luc de phat tndn dat nudc, tao ra ngudn rdian luc, bdi duong nhan tin de phuc \'u su nghiep each mang Den
Pec2019|p5t)-56
UiSm lop hoc chinh hi cua cac giao vidn cap I va cap loan midn BSc, ngay 13-9-1958, Ngudi ndi "Vi Ipi ich mudi nam thi phai trdng cay, vi iai ich Qam nam thi phai trdng ngirdi Chung ta phai dao tao ra nhQng cdng dan tdt va can bo tdt cho nude nha"'^ Doi vdi Ho Chi Minh, giao due phai duoc xem la mdt mat han quan trpng trong su nghiep khang chidn, kidn quoc va xay dung chu nghta xa hdi: "Van hoa giao due la mdt mat tran quan trong trong cdng cudc xay dung chu nghta xa hoi d mien Bac va dau U"anh thuc hien thdng nhat nudc nhii"'^ Bdi 15, theo Ngudi, vide xay dung chu nghta xa hdi la qua hinh vd cung gian khd, phai kmh qua nhidu giai doan khac nliau, song tuu Uung lai con ngudi la ddng luc CO ban vii chii yeu Vi the. con ngudi mii su nghiep trdng ngudi hudng den phai la con ngudi toan didn, con ngudi cua che do xa hdi chu nghta Ngudi nhan manh "Mudn hen len chii nghta xa hdi thi phai cd con ngupi xa hdi chii nghta""° Ddn ban Di chuc hch sii mang tinh chat cua mdt cuong Itnh tdng kdt toan bd tien trinh cua each mang Viet Nam ma Ngudi de lai cho toan Dang, toan dan, toan quan ta, viec giao due con ngudi dac biet la giao due, bdi dudng thd he each mang eho ddi sau lii mot trong nhflng npi dung ndi b^t Ngudi viet "Bdi duong the he ciich mang cho ddi sau la mpt viec rat quan hong va rat can thiet""',
2 4 Quan diim vi xdy dung nen gido due ciia mpt nuac ddc lap
Nung niu vd x3y dung nen giao due cua mpt nudc ddc lap da bpe Id d Nguyen Ai Qudc - Hd Chi Minh tir khi Ngudi cdn la hpc sinh d Uirdng Qudc hpc Hud nam 1908 Qua nhflng bai giang ciia cac thay giap giau ldng ydu nudc, da tiie dpng va thdi vao tam hdn cua mpt hPC sinh vdn rat yeu nudc, thuang dan va dam md hpc tap, D P dd, theo lieng vpng cua Unh ydu mitnh hdt vdi Td qudc, vdi nhan dan, Nguyen Tat Thanh da xudng dudng tham gia phong hao bieu linh chdng thud Tiep dd, Ngudi da thdi hpc va cung cha la cu Nguydn Sinh Sac dl vao Binh Dmh - dia phuang ma tneu dinh nha Nguydn ra chi du bd nhiem cu Phd bang Nguj'dn Smh sac lam Tn phii sau nhieu lan cu SSc tQ chdi ra lam quan Tu ldi kliuydn cua cha minh. Nguydn TSt Thanh da dl vao Nam va Urn dudng ra nudc ngoai tim hieu de sau vd giup ddng bao Va kliat vong giai phong ddng bao chinh la khdi ngudn cho y tudng xay dung ndn giao due ciia mot nudc ddc lap
'* H6 Chi Minh, Toan lap. Sdd, tap 4. t
" H6 Chi Minh, Todn lap, Sdd, tap 4, li
' m Chi Minli, Todn lap. Sdd. tap 11, tr 528 ' H6 Chi Minli, Todn (dp, Sdd, tap 12, tr 647 '" H5 Chi Minh, Todn tap. Sdd, tap 12, tr, 11
" H6 Chi M:nh, Todn lap, Sdd, tap 15, tr 612
TQ.Viet/Ho 14_Dec 2019|p 50-56
Sudt hanh hinh 30 nam hoat ddng d nudc ngoiii. Ho Chi Minh da di qua nhieu chau luc, tiep xiic vdi nhidu nen van hda khac nhau, hong dd Ngudi da nghien cuu va hep thu cac gia tn hdn bd cua cac nen giao due cua cac nudc phuong Tay (My, Anh, Phap), Lidn Xd Dd la cac ndn giao dye dan chii, toiin didn, mang tinh nhan van sau sic duac cd dong U'ong tu tudng "tu do, binh dSng, bac ai" ma Tuydn ngdn Cach mang My 1776 vii Tuydn ngdn Cach mang Phap 1989 hudng den Dd la ndn giao due cd tinh thuc hoc, thuc nghiep cao, luon gan chat giQa giao due trong nha tnrdng vol nhu cau ciia thuc tiin va nham giai phdng hoan toan con ngudi khdi ap bQc, bdc lot, bat cdng ma Nha nudc Lien X6 thuc hidn trong su nghiep each mang Nhd tiep thu cac gia hi tidn bo d cac ndn giao due nay, da tao ndn tinli khoa hoc, each mang. da dang, phong phu cua tnet ly giao due Hd Chi Mmh
Khi nude nha gianh duoc ddc lap, ngay d la thu dau tien gui cho cac em hoe sinh nhan ngay khai giang nam hoc mdi, Hd Chi Mmh da khimg khai va vui mung vidt
"cac em duoc cai may m i n han cha anh la duac hap thu mpt nen giao due cua mdt nudc ddc lap""" Quan didm nay ciia Hd Chi Mmh khang dinh ndn giao due each mang chi duoc thuc hien khi nudc nha duac ddc lap, va no phai hudng den nen giao due ciia mdt nudc ddc lap, tien bo. Quan didm dd Uie hidn tinh nhan dan, tinh dan toe ciia giao due, luon lay muc tidu phuc vu ddng dao quan chiing nhan dan lam eai dich Ndn giao due dd phai bam sat dudng Idi, nhidm vu chinh tn cua Dang, phuc vu cho dudng Idi, nhiem vu chinh tn ay, ddng thdi phiii nam vung trinh dd, nhu cau van hda ciia quan chiing nhan dan dd to chuc cac hoat ddng giao due cho phii hop, chdng cac quan diem sai hai, hdu cue hrong xem xet, danh gia ve giao due Song dd moi ngudi dan nhan thuc duoc ndn giao due mang tinh dan tpc ciia mdt nudc dpc lap, theo Ngudi hirdc hdt phai lam cho nhan dan cac dan tdc d Viet Nam hidu duoc ngudn gdc hch su hinh thanh cua minh theo hnh than "Dan ta phiii biet su ta, Cho tudng gdc tich nudc nha Vidt Nam""^ Theo do, nen giao due ciia mot nudc ddc lap phai phat huy tmyen thong ciia dan tdc va giQ gin, bao vd, phat hien cac gia Ui tot dep ciia van hda dan tpc. dong thoi nen giao due dd phai mang lai quyen tu do, hanh phuc cho nhan dan Hd Chi Minh nhan manh "Nhung neu nudc dpc lap ma dan khdng hudng hanh phuc tu do, thi doc lap cung chang cd nghta ly gi"-''
2 5. Quan diim ddo lao nhirng cong ddn hiru ich cho nu&c nhd
Khdng chi quan tam sau sSc vdi su nghiep trdng ngudi cua mot ndn giao due ddc lap, Hd Chi Mmh cdn mong mudn ndn giao due mdi d Viet Nam se dao tao ra nhQng cdng dan tdt cho su phat hien cua nudc nha Trong thu gui cho cac em hpc smh nhan ngay khai giang nam hoe mdi, Hd Chi Minli da viet "mdt ndn giao due nd se dao tap eac em ndn nhflng ngudi cdng dan hflu ich cho nudc Vidt Nam""^ Quan diem nay cua Ngudi xac dmh ro muc tieu cua ndn giao due each mang Viet Nam, la dao tao ra nhQng cdng dan hQu ich cho To quoc Theo dd, ngudi cdng dan hflu ich lii nhQng ngudi song va lam vide theo Hidn phap va phap luat, giQ diing ky cuong phep nudc, thuc hien tdt cac nghta vu, trach nhiem cua ngudi cdng dan, ma rdng han dd chinh la song cd trach nhidm (chia se, ddng gdp, cdng hien) vdi cdng ddng, xa hdi, U'dn co sd ldng yeu nudc, tu hao, tu tdn dan tdc. Trong thuc tidn. Ho Chi Mmh da cung vdi Dang, Nha nudc, nhan dan ta day cdng gay dung, dao tao ra lop Idp eac tlie hd ngudi Viet Nam hd thanh ngudi cdng dan hQu ich, vQa cd due, vfla c6 tai, san sang xa than hi smh, cong hidn cho cho sQ nghiep each mang ciia dan tdc Trong hai cudc khang chidn chdng thuc dan Phap, My ciia dan tdc, thi hau het ngudi dan Viet Nam deu nhan thQc day dii ve nghia vu, hach nhidm vdi To qudc, vdi cdng dpng xa hdi, vdi gia dhih va vdi chinh ban than ho. Nhihig phong hao each mang sdi ndi va rdng khap ciia cac gidi, cac nganh va trong toan xa hdi nhu "ba san sang", "nam xung phong"
va cac khiiu hieu each mang "thdc khdng thieu mdt can, quan khdng thieu mdt ngudi", "tat ca cho hen tuyen, tat ca vi midn Nam diiin ydu" da tra thanh mdnh lenh U!r hai tim ciia mdi ngudi dan Vidt Nam
2.6. Quan diim ve nin gido due ldm phdl tnen hoan loan cdc nang luc san cd cua cdc em
Trong Thu dau ndm hpc moi, thang 9-1945, Ho Chi Minh da chi ro viec xay dung "mdt ndn giao due lam phat tndn hoan toan nhQng nang luc san cd cua cac em"'^ Quan didm nay cho thay tu duy ly luan het sue khoa hoc, each mang d Hd Chi Minh Nd thd hien rd tinh ke thQa cua Ngudi hong tidp thu cac gia hi hen bd cua Uiet ly giao due the gidi gan vdi dieu kien diuc uln Vidt Nam, Thuc te, viec phat Uien hoan toan nang luc sSn cd ciia ngudi hoc la mdt trong nhQng muc tidu va dinh hudng co ban ciia giao due nhan loai. Mdt nen giao due nao cd did lam tdt didu nay chinh la mdt nen
~ Ho Chi Minh, J o o n lap, Sdd, tap 4, tr 34
^ Ho Chi Minh,.'TodM tap, Sdd, tap 3, tr 255.
HQ Chi Minh, Todn tap, Sdd. tap 4, tr 64
-^ m Chi Minh, Todn lap. Sdd, tap 4, tr 34
" H6 Chi Minh, Todn lap, Sdd, tap 4. tr 34.
TQ.Viet/Uo 14.
giao due hen bp Bdi vi, nang luc san cd cua mdi con ngudi cu the la khac nhau, nhung ndu cd the phat tndn hoan toiin nang luc dd, phat huy nd de phuc vu cho su nghiep each mang khdng phai ta chuydn dd dang Ngudi cho rang, dd lam duoc dieu dd thi chuang trinh, ndi dung giao due phai khoa hoc, phu hop vdi nhQng budc phat tnen cua each mang Theo Ngudi, ndi dung giao due (Ndi dung giao due, theo Ngudi) phai toan dien, bap gdm dap due each mang, giac ngd xa hpi chii nghia, van hda, khoa hoc - ky thuat, lao ddng san xuat
"dam bap cho hoc h-d nhQng Ui thuc phd thdng chac chan. thiet thuc, thich liop vdi nhu cau va tien dd xay dumg nudc nha, bd nhQng phan nao khdng can thiet cho ddi sdng thuc te""'
Chuong hinh, ndi dung giao due, theo Ngudi phai thiet thuc, khoa hoc, phu hpp vdi nhan thQc ngudi hoc va thuc tidn dat nudc (Phuc vu cho khang chidn, kidn qudc va hinh thiinh con ngudi mdi XHCN) Ddng thai, Ngudi cdn ndu ydu cau phai chii hong cat each noi dung, chuang Urinh giao due d nha trudng h^dn tinh than luon gan vdi tliuc tidn, dap Qng ydu cau cua thuc tidn Trong Bill "Ndi vi cdng tdc hudn luyen vd hoc Idp " tai Hpi nghi toan qudc lan thu rdiat ve cong tac huan luyen va hoc tap, khai mac ngay 6/5/1950, Ngudi viet
"- De cap huan luyen gi'' Gdm ly luan, cdng tac, van hoa, chuydn mdn (tinh tpan dien)
- Huan luyen the nao'' Cot thiet thuc chu dao hon tham nhidu
VD day cho ngudi ta bidt con voi la the nao .
• Huan luyen phai nham dap Qng nhu cau Cac nganh cdng tac nhu la ngQai hdu thu hang Ban huan luydn nhu la ngudi lam ra hang Lam ra hang phai dung vdi nhu cau cua ngudi tidu thu Neu ngudi ta can nhidu xe ma minh lam ra nhidu binh tich Uii hang d"'
2.7. Quan diim ve trpng dung nhdn ldi Trong dung nhan tai la net ndi bat, nhat quan Irong tu duy Ho Chi Mmh vii vdi vide kien duet nudc nha flii hi thuc cang quan trong Ngudi \'idt: "Kien duet can cd nhan tai Nhan tai nude ta du chua cd nhidu ISm nhung ndu chiing ta kheo lua chon, klieo phan phdi, kheo diing thi nhan till cang ngay cang phat tnen cang tliera nhidu""
Trong xay dung ndn giao due mdi, Ngudi xac dmh trong dung nhan tiii la dd "Kien thidt giao due" Huan Uii tai Dai hdi so kdt cdng tac Bhih diin hoc vu 6 tliang dau nam i 956, khi ndi ve lua chon ngudi day va ngudi hoc, Hd Chi Mmh da chi ro "Cu dianh men Qai gai tdt dil cho day, xau
Dec 2019jp 50-56
dii khdng cho day Nhung thanh mdn dd neu tdt, bo me la bdc lot, khdng tan thanh boat ddng vdi bd me chong nhan dan thi dd day bmh dan hoc vu Neu pham tdi ldi nghiem trong dii khdng duoc Khdng neng gi cdng tac bmh dan hoc vu ma vide khac ciing die. Neu bd me dianh men do lii dia chu cd tpi, nhung thanh nidn dd khdng iheo cha me ho, ho khdng cd tdi la hp cd quydn cdng dan nhu nhflng thanh mdn khac Hp cQng duoc di hpe, cQng dupe fliam gia cdng tac, cung duoc diam gia cac td chuc dean did"'" Ngudi cdn ehi ra vide can bd cua phong h^o Bmh dan hoc vu phai biet su dung ngudi Uiy trinh do vao cdng vide day hoc sao cho hidu qua nhat "Ngudi bidt chQ day ngudi khdng biet, ngudi biet nhidu day ngudi bidt it"'' Tren Uiuc te. Ho Chi Minh da rat dianh cdng irong \rong dung nlian tai vap su nghiep khang eluen, kien quoc ndi clnmg vii xay dung nen giao due mdi d nudc ta ndi neng Trong linli vuc giao due, Hd Chi Minli da lua chon va bd nluem nliQng tri thirc tai nang vao cuong vi Bd hirdng Bd qudc gia giao due nhu Vu Dinh Hoe, Nguyen Van Huydn, Ridng ddng chi Nguyen Van Huydn da lam Bo tnrdng Bp giao due gan 30 nam, va ed ddng gdp to Idn vao su ngliidp giao due nudc nha
2.8 Quan diim ve gido due ldm ngudi (gido due nhdn vdn)
Giao due nhan van la diem ndi bat trong triet ly giao due Hd Chi Mmh va bao tnim hong toan bd he thdng tu hrdng cua Ngudi vd giao due Theo Hd Chi Mmh giao due nhan van la giao due hudng tdi muc tidu tdng quat nhat la "giao due lam ngudi". Can dan nha tmdng va hoc vien cua Trudng Nguyen Ai Qudc, Ngudi vidt" Hpe de lam vide, lam nguoi trudc khi liim can bd: "Hoc dd Iam viec, lam ngudi, Iam can bd"'"
Theo Hd Chi Minh, giao due lam ngudi la phai day cho ngudi hoc nhan thQc diing vd V] Ui, vai hd, biin chat, quyen va loi ich cua con ngudi, cac pham chat, gia hi tot dep cua con ngudi Vidt Nam trong cudc sdng, smh hoat, Qng xu, , Day chinh la nhQng gia hi mang linh nen tang ma mdt ndn giao due tien bd hudng den.
Va chinh Ho Chi Minh cung vdi Dang, Nha nudc, nhan dan ta da khdng ngung cham lo, xay dung ndn giao due mdi hudng ddn muc hdu dao tao ra cdng dan tdt. con ngudi tdt phuc vu cho su nghidp each mang
2 9 Quan diem vi day tdi, hoc lot
Day va hoc la hai hoat dong co ban cua giao due Nhan thQc thfiu dap ve day va hoc, Hd Chi Minh ndu quan diem "day tdt, hoc tdt" Quan didm nay trd thanh
=' m Chi Minh. Todn lap. Sdd. tap 10. Ir 186 ' ' m Chi Minh, Toan tap, Sdd. tap 10, tr 357-359
" H6 Chi Minh. Todn lap, Sdd, lap 4. tr 114
'° Ho Chi Minh, Todn lap, Sdd, lip 10, tr 370
" H6 Chi Minh, Todn lap, Sdd, tap 10. tr 368 ' - H6 Chi Minh, Todn tgp, Sdd, tap 6, tr 208
54 ' 1
T.Q.Viel/i^o 14_Dec 2019JP 50-56
phuong cham chi dao va muc hdu thi dua cua nganh giao due Trong bQc thu cudi ciing Ngudi gui cho nganh giao due nhan dan dau nam hoc radi, ngay 15- 10-1968, Ngudi vidt "Cac tmdng da cd nhieu cd gang trong viec du dua day tdt va hoc tdt" va "Du khd khan den dau ciing phai tidp tuc Uu dua day tot vii hoe tdt"^' Ngudi luon chii y khoi day va ddng vidn nganh giao due not chung, ciic hudng va Uing thay, cd giao ndi neng phai duy hi va thuc hien thi dua "day tdt va hoc tdt" (hai tdt), Tham nhuan ldi day ciia Hd Chi Mmh, toan nganh giao due da hudng tmg dch cue, tao ra phong frao "hai tdt" het sQc sdi ndi, rong khap, gdp phan vao sir menh ve vang ciia nen giao due nude nha, phuc vu ihidt thuc cho sir nghiep each mang
2 10. Quan diim vi hpc di ddi vai hdnh. ly Iudn gan hen vdi thuc tiin (nguyen ly gido due)
Trong phat tnen giao due, Hd Chi Minh coi hong mdi quan hd bien chung giQa hoc va himh ly luan gan hdn vdi Ihuc tidn Ngudi neu rd. "Hoc dd hiinh Hoc vdi hanh phai di ddi Hoc ma khdng hanh thi hoc vd ich Hanh ma khdng hoc thi hanh khdng trdi chay"''', Ngudi cdn chi ra each thQc gan hoc vdi hanh cho tflng cap hpc. Ddi vdi hpc smh, "Cach day, quan mem day phai khac Day sao cho hoc sinh mau hidu, mau nhd, ly luan di vol thQc hiinh"'^, Ddi vdi bac hoc dai hoc. Ho Chi Mmh ydu cau phai ket hpp giao due vol lao ddng san xuat, vdi cudc dau tranh xa hot Ngudi phd phan nhQng bieu hidn cua vide tach rdi lao ddng tri dc vdi lao ddng chan tay "Mdt ngudi hoc xong dai hoc, cd the goi la cd Iri thiic Song y khdng bidt cay radng, khong biet lam cdng, khdng bidt danh giac, khdng biet lam nhieu vide khac Noi tdm lar cdng viec thuc te, y khong biet gi ca.
The la y chi cd hi diiic mdt nQa Tri thQc ciia y la hi thQc hoc sach, chua phai Ui thuc hoan toiin Y mudn thanh mdt ngudi Ui thQc hoan toiui, dii phai dem cai hi thuc dd ap dung vao thuc td"'^ Trong Di chiic, Ngudi can dan "SQa ddi chd do giao due cho phu hop vdi hoan canh mdi cua nhan dan nhu phat tndn cac tnrdng niia ngay hpc tap, nua ngay lao ddng" Ben canh do, Hd Chi Mmh ydu cau phin thuc hien gan ket nha hudng vdi xa hdi Uen tmh than thdng nhat cii ba khau Nha hudng - Gia dinh - Xa hdi Ngudi vidt "Giao due hong nha tmong du tot may nhtmg thieu giao due frong gia dinh va ngoai xa hdi thi kdt qua cQng khdng hoan toiin"^'
Ngoai cac van dd Qdn, Ngudi cho rang can hoc mpi luc, moi noi, phai hoc nhan dan, coi trpng viec hr hoc, tu giao due Ngudi dd ra phuong cham hoc sudt ddi va COI trong viec tu hoc. tu dao tao Ngudi nhan manh
"L§y tu hoc Iam cdt"'^ va "phai hoc mai, hoc sudt ddi"'^ Dang chu y, Hd Chi Minh dat ra ydu cau phai hoc ca nhan dan, Ngudi ndi: "Hoc d Uirdng, hoc d sach yd, hoc lan nhau va hoe nhan dan, khdng hoc nhan dan la mdt thidu sot rat Idn"''°
3. Ket luan
Cac quan didm cua Hd Chi Mmh vd tnet ^ giao due rat khoa hoc, toan didn, sau sac va da duoc hien thuc hda vao ndn giao due each mang d Viet Nam - Day chinh lii mdt trong nhQng dpng luc quan trong cua cdng cudc khang chien, kien quoc va xay dung chu nghta xa hdi
Cho den nay, tnet ly giao due Hd Chi Minh van con nguyen tinh thdi su, dinh huong cho su phat tndn ben vQng ciia Viet Nam va hon nQa, nd cdn vuot len tmdc va vuon tdi tu duy thdi dai Quan diem dd ciia Ngudi gan vdi muc tieu phat tnen toan didn con nguoi da dupe de cap tu dau the ki XX, va cho den cudi the ki XX, UNESCO xac dinh bdn tni cot cua giao dye hong thdng didp "Hpc tap - mpt kho bau tiem an" (xac djnh hr nam 1997 ve dinh hudng giao due d die ky XXI) Gearmng to be; leaming to live together, learning to do, learning to learn - cd nghta la- hoc dd biet, hoc dd chung song;
hoc dd lam vide; hoc dd Iam ngudi) Nhan xet dieu nay, Phd Tdng Giam ddc UNESCO - Hans D'orville cho rang "Hd Chi Minh da ddng gdp rat nhieu viio su nghidp giao due cho tat ca moi ngudi vi cha gia giai phdng Vidt Nam da tflng la thSy giao va su nghiep giai phdng dan tpc ddi vdi ngudi chinh la "cudc dau hanh chdng lai ba ke thu giac ddi, giac ddt va giac ngoai xam"""
Nliu vay, Uiet ly giao due Hd Chi Minh hoan toan phu hop vdi tdn chi ciia UNESCO la diuc day manh me su nghidp giao due toan dan va tmyen ba van hoa Dieu nay duoc GS Song Thanh nhan manh "Day la mdt kho bau, can khai diac, van dung quan triet hdn con dudng tim kiem mdt Uidt ly giao due hidn dai, tiep thu tmh hoa the gidi. phu hap vdi traydn thdng dan tdc, vdi dieu kien thuc td ciia Viet Nam hidn nay"'^"
^ Ho Chi Minh, Todn Idp, Sdd, tap 15, tr 507
^^HoChiMinh Todn/dp, Sdd, tap 6, tr 361
^^ Ho Chi Minh' Toan lap, Sdd, tap 10, fr 389
^^ Ho Chi' Minh Todn lap, Sdd, tap 5, tr 275 Ho Chi Minh Todn lap, Sdd, tap 10, tr 591
" H6 Chi Mmh Todn lap, Sdd. tap 5, Ir 312
" H6 Chi Mmh Todn Idp, Sdd, tap 15, tr 670 '" H6 Chi Mmh Todn lap. Sdd, tap 6, tr 361
•" Hans D'OrviUe "Tu tuong H6 Chi Minh van giii gia tn thm dai", WWW vietnam+A'ietnamPlus
" http //lyluanchinhtn vn/home/index php/bai-noi-bat/ilem/967-tnet- ly-giao-duc-ho-chi-minh html
7".g.r,e£/No 14__Dec2019|p 50-56 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Pham Mmh Hac, Tnet ly gido due the gi&i vd Viit Nam, Nxb Chinli tn qudc gia Su diat. Ha Npi, 2013
2. GS. I S Nguyen Hung Hau, Suy ngam vi tnit Ho Chi Minh. Nxb Chinh hi qudc gia Su that. Ha Npi, 2015,
3. Hpc vien Chinh tn, Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh vi gido due, Nxb Quan ddi nhan dan. Hit Npi, 2012
4 http://IyluanchinhUi vn/home/index php/bai-noi- bat/item/967-tnet-ly -giao-duc-ho-chi-minh html
5 Hd Chi Minh, Todn tgp, Nxb Chinh hi qudc gia.
Ha Npi, 2011
6 Hans D'Orville" "Tu tudng Hd Chi Mmh v^n giQ gia tn thdi dai", W W W vietnam+A/ietnamPlus
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Learn about Ho Chi Minh's philosophy of education
Trmh Quoc Viet
Article info
Recieved- 06/10/2019 Accepted;
10/12/2019
Keywords:
Ho Ch Mmh education; philosophy of education; new people; cultural celebnties
A b s t r a c t
Ho Chi Mmh was not only known as the hero of national liberahon, the outstanding cultural celebrity of Vietnam, but he was also an exemplary teacher.
Throughout his revolutionary life. Ho Chi Minh spent most of his mind on educating people The thesis system of education tpgether widi his rich educational practice practices laid the foundations for the birth and develppment of 'Vietnam's revolutionary education The system of his views is realized m
revolutionary practice • that is Ho Chi Minh's philosophy of education His educational philosophy is of great value and is enlightening the cuirent educational career in Vietnam
