NGHIEN COU C Q
VE CO CAU KHUNG CUA HE THONG GIAO OUC PHO THONG VIET NAM
PGS.TS. niU Kl£u - TS. TRjNH THj ANH HOA n i n Khoa hoc Gido due Viet Nam Co cSu cCia h§ thong giao due (HTGD) la mot khai
niem c6 n6i ham riit phong phu xet tCf binh dien quSn Ii he thSng. Trong b&i vi^t nay, ehOng tfii chi d^ cap t6i co cgu khung thirl gian vSn hSnh cOa he thSng giao due ph6 thong (HT6DPT) nhSm dat diroc muc tieu da djnh.
1. S0 iKoc v€ he th6ng giao due vd he th6ng giao dueph6thong
1.1. Hi thong giao due
Theo Uy ban Chau Au, HTGD (education system) la
"Cdch thiic giao ti^p ciia cdc ca sd, cdc chuang trinli yd con nguili v6i muc dicii cung c6p gido due (GD) cho m6t bd phgn hay todn thi ddn c/iiing' (Directorate-General for Education and Culture2006).
Oinh nghTa sau day cOa UNESCO se cho mot hinh anh true quan v^ HTGDrTo chife cau (roc tong the md thdng qua dd GO v^ moi dang thCfc va c6p dd dupc cung cSp cho ddn chOng: id cdc cau triic, phi/ang thu:c boat dgng vd djch vu ddm bdo sU GD vd phdt trien tri tue c6a con ngi/di' (IBE - UNEVOC, 1984). Ngoai "HTGD" c6n c6 thuat ngO h& thong giao due quoc d^n (HTGDQD).
1.2. He tit6ng gido due pho thdrtg
HTGDPT la h# thdng bo phSn (he thong eon) cOa HTGDQD. Bin t+iSn no 1^ m6t phic the thdng nhSt bao gfim nhieu h^ thdng bo phan nhd han, nhif h& thdng cd quan lanh dao GD tCrtrung ircfng d^n dja phacmg, cO quan , thanh tra GD, h§ thdng c^c c3p hoc, he thdng triidng hoc, IdphoC. - '^
QuS trinh dko tao dUOc van h^nh trong HTGDPT gom nhl^u giai doan khde nhau. M5i cap hoc la mdt giai doan c6 muc ti^u vh k€ hoach dao t^o cu th^ de dat duae mdt trinh d6 nhat dinh ve van hoa khoa hoc, kl nang, ph^m ch^t cung nha nhOtig hieu bi|t v^ ngh^ nghiep cho ngudi hoe. Moi giai doan GD vk 6ho tao 6su c6 chufc nang vCra ehu^n bj cho HS v^o ddi vLfa chuan bj sin phSm cho giai doan k^ ti^p.
Giai doan sau k l thCfa ket quS dao tao cua giai doan trudc, c6 mLie.ti$u vk ke hoeich dho t?o vdi yeu cau cao hon ve van h6a khoa hgC, kT nang vd hieu bilt nghl nghiep theo xu hudng chuyen bi^t v^ ng^y cang phSn hoa sSu hdn.
2. Cdc tiSu chf tfe mdt he thSng gjao due dUtfc xem Ih phCi hop vol xu the thdri dai vi v&n hhnh co hi4u qu^
ft^ng hpip rheo UNESCOl
HTGDPT di/Oc coi'la phCi hop vdi xu the eCta thdi dai phdi dim bcio cac ti4u ehf ea bSn sau:
1} Ik mot bd phSn cua HTGDQD song mang tinh chinh thltuangddi;
2) Bam bio tfnh dSn tde, ti^n ti^n v^ hien dai;
3) ik mdt h^ thdng gdm nhieu b^c hoc;
4) Th^ hien ro t(nh phd thdng, eo bin;
5) Dim bio tInh dai chiing vk tInh tinh hoa;
6) Thi hien tfnh pho thdng hoa GD ngh^ nghi§p;
7) Dim bio ttnh phan hoa trong tifng bic hpq 8)The hien v i dim bio duUc chuTe nang ecr bin la GD;
9) Dim biotfnh dan ehii, binh dSng v i tfnh hi§u qui;
10) C6 tinh thifa ke vd ed tinh sing tao;
11] Dim bio tfnh da d^ng trong thdng nhSt;
12) Dim bio tfnh trat ti^, tuin tif va ei tfnh nhiy vot (d^nh cho. cic ca nhdn tai nSng va nhutig ngudi gidt, ngudi cd nang khieu hoe vUcft Idp, vi/ot dp, vuot trlnh do);
13} Cd tinh ddc lap tacmg ddi, on dinh ti/ang ddi, ed tinh linh hoat;
14) Li he thdng md.
3. Xu th£ phat t r i l n h^ thdng gido due phd thdng trenth^gidi
HTGDPT d eic nUdc thuctng gdm 3 eSp: tieu hoc, trung hoe Cd sd (THCS) va trung hoc phd thdng (THPT).
Giai doan GD tieu hoc keo dii 6 nam tai so ddng cae nude (123/206 nUdc) va hau het \k bat bude 6 cae quoc gia.
Giai doan GDIHCSthUdng keodii tLr2 d4n 5 nam vdph6 bien Id 3 nam (107/205 qudc gia - 52,3%). Giai doan GDTHPT keo ddi 2 den 3 ndm\ song ddi vdi da sd cic nMdc I i 3 nam.
Nhir vay, thdi gian hoe het cic Ccip hoe phd thdng ed the tif 10 den 13 nam. Tuy nhien, xu hddng chung I i xay dung h^ thdng giio due pho thong (GDPT) vdi 12 nim hoc (163/206 ni/dc, chiem 78,2%). €)ieu dang ehii y I i mot sd nude ed thdi gian hoc phd thong dudi 12 nam dang ed chD tnJong ting them thdi lUdng, vf du: Lien Xd cu tif 10 nam chuyen I4n 11 nam (1984); Bungari, Tnjng Qudc tif 11 nam chuyen \kn 12 nam (1986); PhiMppin da chuyen h§ thdng GDPT 10 nam sang he thdng GDPT 12 nam (2012).
Thdi gian phan bd cho cac cap hoc trong hd thdng GDPT CLia cic nUdc nhin chung IS: 6 + 3 + 3 (Tilu hoe: 6 nam, THCS: 3 nam va THPT: 3 nam). Ngocii ra, c6n ed cac each phin phdi khac (5 + 4 + 3), (4 + 5 + 2), (6 + 4 + 2).
'Thdi gian dinh cho giai doan GD cd bin (hoSn thanh hoe v^n phd thdng cho ngUdi hoc) thudng keo dai tif9 d^n 10 nam. Hien tai, giai do^n nay c6 thdi gian 9 nam la phd bien song thdi gian dinh cho GD cd bin dang ed xu hudng tang^ Mdt vai nu'de nhU Australia, Anh, mdt so Tllu bang cua CHLB Du'e ed quy djnh I i 10 nim (cau true 10+2) cho giai doan cd bin va gSn day theo thong ke ciJa INCA th) trong so 21 nUdc da co tdi 13 nUde quy djnh thdi gian danh cho giai doan ndy la 10 nim^{)a sd cae ni/dc lu^ chon GDPT 12 nam vi nhOmg Ii do sau:
- Vdi HTGDPT 12 nam, HS tdt nghiep THPT khi 18 tudi.
Day la thdi diem phu hdp d l cic em bu'dc vio ddi. Vdi tif each edng dan ddi vdi xa hdi, d Ida tuoi niy, tre da trUdng thanh ve mat nhan each; the Idc, tr! tue da tdt hdn, tarn if on dinh, phan hda rd n4tve nang liicvi dinh hddng nghl nghiep.
-Theo quy dinh Cdng dde cua Lien hdp qudc ve Quyin Xrk em v i nhieu thda thuin quoc t l khac cd lien quan h&n tr^ em thl dd tudi tr^ em dUdc quy ^ n h la dudi 18 tudi. V) vay, GDPT vdi 12 nam dim bio day du quyen Icti GD eua tr^ em.
- Do luong tn thdc cSn dua vio nha trUdng ngiy cang phong phii, da dang, inh hUcmg manh me din cau true va mdc dd cSn dat cua noi dung hoc van phd thdng trong bdi cinh thdi dai mdi. GDPT can phii dio tao dUdc nhdng con ngUcri dip utig cic yeu cau cCia sd nghiep phat trien kinh t l , xa hoi thich dng dUde vdi sif phit trien dd de nang cao chat lUdng cudc song. VI viy, can cd thdi luong phii hap eho GDPT (12 nam) di dap drig nhu cau trang bi kiln thdc cd bin va dinh hUdng nghe nghiep eho HS.
1. Nguon: Vi|n Khoa hoc Giio due Vi&t Nam, Hh N6i, 2013.
2. Nguon: Ngan h i n g T h ^ gidi.
3. INCA, Comparative tables, 2013, bSn djch tieng Vi?t, b i n g 5.2.
s6lZ7-THI^(i4/201B*l
Q NGHIEN CflU.
^ - 6 m d t sd nude, vi nhiiing han ehe eCia dieu kien kinh t e - xa h o i nen t o n g t h d i gian t r o n g 1 nam hoc eon thap, ehO ygu I i hoc 1 b u d i / n g i y , chua ke nhCtng khd khan kh^c cd Ii4n quan t d i d d i n g u giao vien, ed sd v i t chSt... nen t h d i gian GDPT 12 n a m I i p h i i h d p .
4 . Thijrc t r a n g h i n h t h a n h v a p h i i t t r i e n h e t h d n g g i d o d u e p h d t h d n g ^ V i d t N a m
Trong I k h s d d i n tdc, nen GD Viet Nam da cd n h i ^ u d d i t h a y gSn lien vdfi n h d n g bude chuyen t r o n g cac giai d o ^ n p h i t trien eCia Ijch s d dan toe. GD V i l t Nam chiu i n h h u d n g k h i sau s3e eCia GD P h i p , GD L i l n Xd va phan n i o d d I i GD MT. Ngoai ra, p h i i ke t d i nhCfng i n h h d d n g ehifa p h i i da h e t cOa m d t nen GD p h o n g k i l n Nho giao. N h d n g i n h h u d n g d d c u n g t h e hi4n d ca cau khung t h d i gian cCia HTGDPT.
4.1. Thdi Id sau Cdch mang Thing Tarn 4.1.1. Giaidoan 1945-1949
DUdi SLf lanh dao ciia Dang, cudc C i c h m a n g T h i n g T i m nam 1945 t h a n h cdng, Nha nUde Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng h o i dudc t h a n h l i p . Ngay sau khi len ncim ehi'nh q u y i n , Chfnh p h u Viet Nam Dan ehO Cdng hoa da chii jr c h i m lo p h i t t r i l n GD ndi c h u n g , GDPT ndi rieng tren ed sd ba nguyen tSc cCia nen GD m d i I i "dai chiing hoa, ddn tdc hda vd khoa hoc hda". Tuy vay, c d cSu c i p hoe, Idp hoe vSn di^a v i o he t h d n g cu m i n g i i d i Phap da x i y d i f n g trifdc d d (xem h i n h 1).
GDPT g o m cap T i l u hoe 4 nam v i cap Trung hpc 7 n i m , t r o n g d d t r u n g hoc bac cao - t r u n g hoe chuyen khoa (3 n i m ) ed 3 ban I i : ban T o i n , Lf, Hda; ban Li, Hda, Sinh v i ban Van, Sd, Dia.
4.1.2. Giai doan 1950-1955
N g i y 19/12/1946, cudc khang chien chdng P h i p b i i n g nd, GD \ ^ e t Nam d d n g trUde cac yeu c$u cua n h d n g n h i l m v u c i c h m a n g m d i : vifa phue vu k h i n g chien vifa g d p p h i n vao c d n g cuoc kien qudc. IVIot t r o n g n h d n g thay d d i t o Idn cOa GD nude n h i t h d i ki nay I i tien h i n h e i i c i c h GD l^n t h d nhSt n h i m xda b d v l ca b i n i n h hu'dng eCia GD n d djch m i thifc d i n Phap d l lai. Thay d d i HTGD p h d t h d n g I i m d t v i n d l t r o n g diem cOa hoat d d n g e i i c i c h iSn n i y . HTGD dddc CO cSu lai t h a n h he 9 n i m (4+3+2) eho phCi h o p vdi h o i n c i n h k h i n g chien (gidng n h d c a cau cCia HTGDPT d Lien Xd t h d i dd) v d i 3 cap hoe: C i p I (4 nam): Idp 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 thay t h l
LApnhn Nliiil;iili|
S o d i ^ Dp fa!
B ^ k , BtHntn DtlunnA, DtiMn*.
I , t * i , = * . T
1 c^#
• Biag
Nlnia)!
Nlinthli:
N^Y^
lliinb Tau.2
Hinh 1: HTGD Phdp Vi^t danh cho ngUdi bdn xtj^
4. Giao due Vi§t Nam thdi ki CSn dai, PhanTrong BSu, NX8 Khoa hoc Xahai,HiN6i,1994,tr 159.
2*KH0AH0CGlA0DUC
c h o b i c T l l u hoc c u ; Cap II (3 nam): Idp 5 , 6 , 7 thay t h ^ bac Trung hoc c u ; Cap HI (2 nam): Idp 8 , 9 thay t h l d i ^ Triing hoc chuyen khoa cu.
D a n g ehii y I i t r o n g h i t h d n g nay k h d n g bao gfirii fe v d l o n g (sau nay I i Idp 1 t r o n g he 12 nam) v i edn cd 2 nim d d bi dai hoc t r u d c khi n g i / d i hoc d i f o c t u y i n chfnh thft v i o dai hoc. Vi n h i l u If d o k h i c h q u a n , yeu c3u hoc dull dai hoc d d i vdi HS t r o n g t h d i ki d d d a k h d n g t h l thyc fiifj d i i a c (xem hinh 2).
CAO D A N O
DAIH-PL n y - B i B A i H O C
(3 NAM)
m O T H f l ^ f l c A P H i
<2 NXM) ( • r f > T « 6 N 0 C A l ' l l
P H S T H O N C C A P I (4 NAM) VO UDNG (1 NAM)
M A L G W O
y
^
TRUNG C A P
1
•DAOTAOWCHC
/
/
TRUNOCti a i m OAK
BJNHDAI, s o CAP
H)r)h2: HTGDqu6cddn-ndm 1950^
d v i i n g t a m c h i e m t h u d e mien B i c (tif cudi nam 194f tdi t h i n g 10/1954) v i bmiinNam (cho tdi 30/4/W5) m hoe t h e o HTGD 12 n a m , g d m 5 nam tieu hoc, 4 nam pho t h d n g t r u n g hoc va 3 n a m t r u n g hoc chuyen khoa.
4.1.3. Giaidogn 1956-1975
Cudc k h i n g e h i l n c h d n g t h u c dan P h i p k i t thiic bing chien t h i n g D i e n Bien PhCi (1954). fi/ldt nCfa dat nifdc di/oc g i i i p h o n g . Sd n g h i e p each m a n g da c h u y i n sang giai doan m d i vdi cac n h i ? m v u m d i . GD lai p h i i cd sy ddi mdi c^o t h i l t d e t h f e h d n g . W f t Nam t l l n h i n h e i i cSeh ISnthil2vfl HTGD 10 n i m (khdng ke Idp v d Idng), la sif thdng nhSt 2 he t h d n g 9 n a m ( v i i n g t u do) v i he t h d n g 12 nam (viing tam chiem). C d c l u k h u n g eCia HTGDQD t h d i ki n i y ed t h l dif?£
m d t i n h i f sau: Cap I (4 n i m ) : Idp 1, 2 , 3 , 4 ; CSp II (3 nagk Idp 5, 6, 7; Cap III (3 nam): Idp 8 , 9 , 10. D i l u d i n g ehd 0 da khdi phue lai cac ki t h i h i t c&p I, II v i thi tdt nghilp phi
t h d n g (cap III). f
£>d( vdi mien Nam, sau Hiep dinh Geneve 1954, chfr|'' q u y e n S i i Gdn t i l p q u i n v i t i l p tue duy tri h? thdng t r U % Idp s i n c d t d t h d i t h u d e P h i p . Tuy nhien, t i l n i m 19$,.
HTGD Nam V i ^ Nam b^t d ^ u chiu i n h hUdng ciia GD M i # , d i n n i m 1972 t h l HTGD k i l u M i dUdc t r i l n khai r^ng l * | | cac v i i n g d o IV1T va Chinh quyen Sal Gon c h l l m gliJ. G ^ keo dai 12 n a m , g d m ba c a p : T l l u hoe (5 n i m ) , Trung h p ™ ! n h a t cap (4 n i m ) , Trung h g c E ) l nhj cap (3 n i m ) vi bao gsn cac trUdng c d n g l | p d o Chfnh p h i i t 6 chdc v i d i l u hinh,KS d d o c mien hoe phf v i cac t r d d n g t U thuc ed thu hoc f^- Rieng d cae v i i n g g i i i p h d n g , GD p h d t h d n g l|i theo cdcau 10 nam g i d n g nhif d mien BSe.
4.1.4. Giaidogn 1975-1986
Sau khi g i i i p h d n g M i l n Nam, t h d n g nh5t dat ni/fc t h d n g nhilt n l n GD c i n d d c GDPT 6uac trao siJ mang m * chuan b i d i o tao the h ^ t r i d ^ p d n g yeu cau cOa giai dojn m d i cCia s^f n g h i l p c i c h m a n g t r o n g t h d i kl q u i 36 m l§n chLi nghia xa hgi tren m d t dSt ni/dc t h d n g nh^t-Ngiy 5. Nam muoi n i m p h i t trien si^ nghl#p gido due vk 6ko t?o (IWS- 1995), NXB GD, HS Ngl 1995, tr. 431
. NGHIEN
couCQ
) 1/01/1979, Bd Chinh tri da thdng qua Ngh[ quylt 14/NQ- nw ve Cai cich GD Ian thd ba, trong dd quy dinh HTGDPT do dai 12 nam gdm 2 bac hoe sau:
Bic pho thdng cd sd 9 nam, gdm hai cap hoe: cap I noc 5 nam, bao gdm c i hoc van v i cap II hoc 4 nim vdi cac trddng phd thong ed sd 9 nam.
Bac pho thdng trung hoc 3 nim (dp III) vdi eic trddng phd thdng trung hpc 3 nam ed phan ban (xem hinh 3),
B A C I ^ T M CAF11 n NAM)
Mc c l , . , . , i M cAriiiNAu)
• " " ' • « « » " " • '
b D ^
Hinh3: HTGDquocddn (theoNghiquyet 14-1979) 4.1.5. Thdi fci doi mdi (1986 den nay) Td sau Dai hoi Ian thd 6 cua Ding Cong sin Viet Nam (1986), nginh GD da ttin hinh ddi mdi trong mdt qua trinh keo dai gSn 30 nim, trong dd ed mdt sd thay ddi ding chu y ddi vdn' HTGDPT dUdc the hien trong Nghi dinh 90/CP - 1992, do la:
'Chfnh thdcxic nhan sdtrd lai cOa bic(cSp)Tilu hoe v i trddng tieu hpc
- Khdng edn loai trifdng phd thdng cd sd m i chi cd trddng tilu hoe (5 nam) va trddng THCS (4 nam).
- Cap I dUdc thay bang cap Tilu hoe va dp II dddc thay bing cap THCS.
-Trdimg phd thdng trung hoc dUOc thay bing trudng trung hoc chuydn ban. Cap 3 dddc gpi la cap THPT.
Mot sd kien dang ghi nhd trong thdi ki niy eda sd nghiep phit trien GD I i sif ra ddi cOa Luat GD. HTGDPT dUdc quy djnh chinh thdc trong LuSt GD 2005 bao gdm cic bic, c3p hoc sau: GD tilu hoc 5 nam, td 6-11 tudi; GD THCS: 4 nam, td 11-15 tudi; GDTHPT: 3 nam, td 15-1 Studl.
4 ^ . Mot s6nh6n]Kt chung
Can cd vio cic tilu ehf cin ed eCia mdt HTGD ed the nit ra mdt sd nhin xlt chung ve he thdng GDPT d nddc ta nhd sau:
- Da xiy dutig dUoc mdt h# thdng ti;ang ddi hoan chinh ve cap hgc vdi mot mang ludi trddng phin bd dlu khip trong c i nude. Cac loai trddng, Idp dap dng dddc yeu cau hoe t i p cho cic ddi tdcmg t r i binh thUdng, t r i cd nang khieu, tr§ khuylt tat.. Khung thdi lUdng chung v i thdi gian phan bd eho cae cap sau mot sd Ian dieu chinh cho din nay I i tddng ddi phii h ^ . Cd the ndi cd du Idiung thdi gian h i thdng GDPT khi dn djnh tdnim 1981 (b^t dau triln khai cai eichGDI5nthd3).
- Nam hoe 2014-2015,Vi^t Nam hien cd khoing 14,9 trilu HS phd thdng vdi gan 855.478 giio vi^n v i ed 15337 trddng tieu hoq 1QM2 tnldng THCS, phd tfidng co sd; 2.758 trddng THPT; 242 trddng pho ttidng dan toe noi tnj va 687 trddng pho thdng din tdc bin tru. Phd eip GD tieu hoc va THCS trin toin qudc da hoan thanh.
Tom lai, vdi khung thdi lucmg da xac djnh he thdng
GDPT dddc dieu chinh khi linh hoat vdi cae can ed chu y l u sau: Dip dng yeu eSu eda giai doan mdi; K l thCra truyen thdng, quan triet die dilm cua thdc t i l n nhieu mat d Vilt Nam; kit hdp vdi vile tham khio xu t h l eua the gidi. HI thdng GDPT da van hanh theo mdt ed chi thich hdp. Tuy nhi^n, van can phii hoin thien nhilu d l dat dUdc nhdng ket qui cd y nghTa trong vile hinh thanh v i phat triln nhan cich cho the he t r i , tao nen ting vdng chae ddi vdi viec xay dung nguon nhan Idc trong tddng lai. Ben canh nhdng thinh tifu nlu tren, he thdng GDPT (xlt v l phdong dien thdi Iddng) con bde Id mot sd ban ehl dddi day:
- Cd cau khung thdi gian cCia he thdng GDPT tuy da duac cii tiln thudng xuyen trong sudt may chuc nam qua d l dap dng yeu cau phit triln cda dat nddc, dim bio tfnh lien thdng vdi eic he thdng eon khac cda HTGD. Tuy nhiSn, Cd cau khung thtii gian cua he thdng GDPT chi ap dung eho mdt Cd ciu cic loai trUdng: tilu hoc, THCS, trung hoe phd thdng. Day la he qui eua viec thdc hien phan ludng, die biet I i sau THCS edn rat kem. Wee thd nghilm eic md hinh THPT ndng nghiep, edng nghiep, thanh nien lao ddng x i hoi chu nghTa v i gin diy la phd thong kTthuit dlu khdng thanh edng.THPT 3 nam vin la ndi duy nhat de thu hut han 80% HS tdt nghiep THCS eho tdi luc ket thiic GD phd thdng.
- Tfnh md cCia HTGD xet ve m^t thdi Idong edn md nhat; khung thdi gian hoe tap edn dddc quy djnh cd phan cdng nhSe, khdng Imh hoat trong van dung (cho cic ddi tUdng, Cd sd GD die biet, eho cac viing mien von cd sd khac nhau rd ret..).
5. De xuat cO c£u khung cua he thdng giio due phd thdng trong tddng lai
Tren ed sd xem xlt HTGD cua Viet Nam qua cic thdi kl v i tham khao xu hddng the gidi, djnh hddng phit triln trong tdcmg lai, chung tdi de xuat phuemg an (thdi gian) cho he thdng GDPT cua Vilt Nam nhd sau:
Thdi gian van hinh eda he thdng GDPT (theo chu ki) van nen la 12 nim, gidnguy^n thdi gian dio tao eCia cac cap hoc (5+4 + 3) vi vdi thdi gian nhd viy se:
- Dim bio dd thdi gian de thdc hien muc tieu cCia GDPT la dao tao eon ngUdl Viet Nam phat triln toan dien, cd dao ddc, kiln thii'e, sdc khoe, tham mi va hddng nghiep de trdthanh edng dan (18 tudi) va die biet lap/idf trien dddc ddy no cdc thanh to cua nhan each, chuan bi tdt nen ting eho phat trien nhan life trong bdi cinh cua the gidi hien nay.
- Cd cau khung 12 nam cua he thdng va cd cau thdi gian cac cap (5 + 4 + 3) da dUdc thd thich trong thdc tien qua mot thdi gian.
- Dim bio cho viec thuc hien phan hda da dang dUdc thuan Idi, phii hdp vdi SU phit trien da dang khi nang cCia HS, dip dng true tiep nhdng nhu cau rat phong phu eCia ddi sdng, ket hdp vdi xu hifdng gia tang v i hien dai hda tri thdc khoa hoc, kT thuit va nhan van trong nha trddng.
Phil hdp vdi xu hudng trong ITnh vdc nay cua eic nudc tren the gidi. Tuy nhien, trong tUdng lai, Viet Nam cd the xem xet viec ^eu chinh giai doan GD cd bin theo phan bd thdi gian (6+4 + 2),hoac(5 + S + 2)vi:
Kit qui eua giai doan GD cd bin I i the hien trinh dd dan tri tdi thieu cua mdt nudc, the hien hoc van phd thdng cua moi con ngudi nhd la nen tang de tddd phat triln theo cae hddng khac nhau. Trong boi cinh the gidi hien nay, d l dim bio mot nen ting, mot hoc van nhd the thl mdt thdi lUdng hoc 9 nam co the chua du de hoin thanh dddc. Nen them 1 nim de cd dilu kien tot hdn trong viec trang bi (Xem tiep trang 64) sd 127-THANG 4/2016*3
® GIAO DUC NUOC NGOAl
T i r u p a t l , A n d h r a Pradesh, An 0 6 , 5 1 7 502.
[2]. T. Ananda, Khoa Klnh ti, TrUdng D?i hpc Sri Venkateswara, Tirupatl, Andhra Pradesh, A n D d , 517 502.
[3]. M. Krishnaveni, Khoa Lich sd, Dai hpc Sri Venkateswara, TIrupati, Andhra Pradesh, A n D d , 517 502.
S U M M A R Y
Today, India has been recognized as the cradle of skilled human resources, particularly in the field of science and technology. With a network of universities and colleges.
including the international standards institutes, provi good quality education with low cost of living and learning, India was emerged as an attractive study destination for international students. The article discussed about higher education system in India, suggested solutions to reduce students' unemployment after graduation and withdrew lessons-learnt in higher education issues.
Keywords: Solutions; unemployment; India: lessons- learnt.
IIIIIIIMIItlllllllllllllllllllllllltlllUllllllllll lllllllllillllltllltltlllllll
VE CO CAU KHUNG CUA HE THONG GIAO OUC...
k i l n t h d c p h d t h d n g t d c chuyen t d 9 nam sang 10 n a m . Chi can 2 n a m c d n lai d bac THPT d e t i p t r u n g v i o mue dfch p h d n hda sau t r o n g hpe tap.
Vi?e thay d o i t d he 9 nam sang he 10 n a m c d t h l l i t h e o p h d n b d (6-I-4) hode (5+5) ehSe chdn se t a o n e n n h d n g k h d k h a n , d i e b i l t Id v i l e e h u I n bi dpi n g u giao vidn, xay d u n g CO sd vdt c h i t , xdy d u n g chUdng t r i n h sdeh gido khoa, e i c e h l d 6 , chfnh sich... hoac cd t h e la n h d n g b d n k h o a n , p h i n d n g cda HS, p h u huynh... Tuy nhien, n h d n g k h d k h a n t r e n cd t h e khac phue d u p c vi da c6 kinh n g h i l m t r o n g ede tan d i l u c h i n h GD, t h i m nda n l u eo d d t h d i gian d l c h d d d n g chuan bi c h o su thay d d i d d .
Sau THCS cd p l i i n tudng h p p li (theo hpc n g h i hoac hpe t i e p len THPT). N l u giai d o a n G D c d b d n t i 10 n a m t h i sau khi hpe x o n g HS se t r d n 16 t u d i , ed t h e t h a m gia hpe n g h i t d 1-2 n a m h o i c t h a m gia ngay vao t h j t r u d n g tao d d n g hay t i e p t y c hpc THPT. D d t u d i 16 phit h p p h o n so v d i d d t u d i 15 t r o n g p h i n l u d n g sau GD ed b d n . Co t h e cd 3 ioai hinh t r u d n g THPT: Trudng THPT, t r u d n g THPT e h u y d n / n a n g khieu v i t r d d n g THPT n g h i . Loai hinh trUdng t r u n g hoc nghe can dUpc p h i t t r i l n ddn v l sd l u o n g e h l l m ti Id eao t r o n g cdc loai trUdng THPT.
T A I L I E U T H A M KHAO
1. Bd G i i o due va Dao tao, (1995), Ndm mual ndm phdt triin SI/nghlip Gido dgc va Ddo tgo (1945- 1995), NXB G i i o dye.
2. Bd Gido d y e v i O i o tao, KI yeu "Cacdu hi thdng gido ducphSthdng Viet Nam", H i Npi, t h i n g 4 nam 2012.
3. Pham M i n h H a c (2010), Mpt so vdn de gido due Viit nam ddu the kl XXi, NXB Giao due Vidt Nam.
4. Vu Ngpc Hdi, (2013). Qudn ii nhd nudc he thdng gido
(Tiep theo trang 3)
dpe Viit Nam trong doi mdi edn bdn, todn diin vd hpi nhdp qudc te, NXB Giao due Viet N a m .
5. Tran Thj PhUdng Hoa, (2012), Gido due Phdp * Viet d BdcKi 1884-1945, NXB Khoa hoc Xd h p i .
6. Phan Van Kha, (2010), Doi mdi hi thPnggido duequoc ddn Viet Nam, Bao cao t d n g ket d e t i i ma so B2008-3769NV
7. BiJi Ode Thiep, (2011), He thdng gido due Mien Nam Vlit Nam giai doan 1954-1975, Bdo edo t d n g k i t d e tai B2009-37-74.
8. http://data.uis.unesco.org/index.aspx?queryid=219 9. htttp://Inea.org.uk
10. h t t p y / w w w . n i e r . g o . j p .
SUMMARY
The general educational system is a sub-system of the national education system. The training process operated in the general educational system DPT includes different stages, each level is a stage targeted and specific training plan in order to achieve certain level of scientific culture, skills, qualities as well as professional knowledge to students. Each stage functions to prepare students for life and product for the next stage. The paper addresses the issue of frame structure in general educational system in Vietnam. In the article, the author presents-1 /briefiy introducing of general educational system; 2 /Criteria for an appropriate education system in trend of times and operate effectively; 3/Trend to develop general educational system in the world; 4/The situation of developing and improving the general educational system in Vietnam; 5/Recommend its frame structure in the future.
Keywords: Education; frame structure; educational system; general educational system; national education.
tiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiititiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiii [iiititiiiitiiiit
f' LOl CAM ON ^
Tat ea d c bai v i e t d i n g t r e n Tap chf K h o a h p c Giao d i i c Sd 127 d e u d U o c p h i n b i e n kfn t h e o m p t q u y t r i n h rat c h a t ehe, k h d e h q u a n .
B i n c a n h s u g i d p d d cda Hdi d d n g Bien t d p . T a p chf K h o a h o c Giao d u e x i n t r i n t r p n g e d m a n c i c n h a khoa h p c , c i c c h u y i n g i a t h u d e n h i l u ITnh vUc n g h i e n c d u k h o a h o c c d a V i e n K h o a h o c Gido d u e Viet N a m , b a o g d m : PGS.T5. Nguyen Tien Hung; PGS.TS, Ddo Thdi Lai; PGS.TS. Phan Vdn Nhan; PGS.TS. Nguyen Due Quang; TS. Luang Viet Thii; PGS.TS, VUdng Thanh HUdng; TS.VUcmg Hing Tdm; TS. Nguyen Thi PhUdng Thio; TS. Nguyin HSng Thuin; TS. Nguyin Thi H6ng Vin; TS. Pham Thj Bich Dao da rat n h i e t tinh g i u p d d v l m d t n p i d u n g d e T a p chf Khoa h p e Giao d u e x u a t b a n t h i n h c d n g sd b a o nay.
T r a n t r o n g I
64*KH0AHgcGiAooyc
