NGHIEN CCru - TRAO o 6 l
CCNG crtfc, VltN CHl/C
oiEM NUT cua cil c4Cf/ HUNH CHINH
ThS PHJI^M THI THU LAN
T
rude diy, klii cic quan he xa hdi dupc difiu chinh theo co ehfi tip ttung, bao cip, mpi eii dfiu dupc"dinh xuit" theo tifiu ehuiii, thi nhu eiu xa hfii vi phue vu din su Ihit don giin. Do dfi, he thdng phue vu din su vi cdng chic, vien chic it dupc quan tim trong he thfing hinh ehinh qufic gia. T i khi chuyfin dfii sang CO ehfi kinh tfi thi trudng da nay sinh nhu eiu eai eieh hanli chinb nhu mdt ti't ye'u eua su phit trifin. IChdi diu li Chuong ttinh eai cich hanh chinh giai doan 1994- 2(XX) vdi khiu ddt phi li thi tuc hinh chinh va sau dd li (jliuong trinh tdng thfi cai cich hinh chinh nhi nudc giai doan 2001-2010. Dfin nay, vin cdn nhifiu vin dfi cip bieh cin phii (hue hifin ttong tifin trinh cai cich hanh ehinh giai doan 2011- 2020. Tiy nhidn, eic hoat ddng hiiih chi'nh cdng se khdng thfi dupe thuc hien nfiu khdng ed ddi ngu edng chic, vien chic du ning luc. Cho nin khdng thfi giii quyfil dupc vin dfi mfit eieh ein ban nfiu khfing quan tim dfin difim nit quan ttpng cua cai eieh: dd li dfii ngu cfing chie, vidn ehie nhi nudc.
1. Cdng chic, vien chire nha nude la ai?
Theo khii niem khoa hpc hanh chinh cfing, cd thfi hifiu mdt cich don gian: cdng chic, vifin ehie nhi nudc li nhing ngudi ed chic ning chinh thue thi phip luit ttfin dit nudc.
Theo Ludl Cdng chdc nim 2008, cdng chic li cdng din Vifit Nam; tuyfin dung.
bfi nhifim gii mfit cfing vu thudng xuyen;
lim viec trong co quan nlii nude; td chic chinh tri, id ehie chinh tri - xa hfii; duoc xfip vio mfit ngach, bic nhit dinh; vi hudng luong t i ngin sich nhi nudc. Vien chie li nhihig ngudi khfing ttong bd miy lanh dao, quin ly vi lim vide ttong cac don vi su nghiep cia Nhi nufic, tfi chic chinh tri, lfi chie chinb tri - xa hdi.
C^ng ehie, vidn chic cfi thfi chia thanli hai loai: dfii ngu cfing chie, vien chic cip thip vi cic quan chie hinh chinh cip cao hon. Cic quan chic hinh chinh efi quan hg gin kfit vdi cie nhi lanh dao ehinh tri. D6i ngu cdng chic, vidn chic thip hon la nhChig ngudi giup vide cho cie quan cblic hanh chinh, thuc thi cdng viec dudi su budng din, kifim tra eia ho. Chinh nhb thfing qua dfii ngu cfing chic, vidn chic niy mi eie quan he vi tic dfing quin ly nhi nudc dfin cic cdng din dupc thuc hifin.
Ndi eieh khic. cdng chic, vidn ehie nliii nude li nhing ngudi thuc thi cu thfi phap luit ttfin lanh thfi va thuc hidn mfii giao tifip bing ngiy giia chinh phi va din cu, vi bing cich dd ma y chi cia Nhi nudc dupc thfi hifin cu thfi ttong ddi sfing xa hfii.
IChfing cd difiu nay tiii quan iy nhi nudc ehi la ehung ehung, khdng dem lai hifiu qui xa bdi. Do dfi, phai ching chiiih la il diy, qua vide tfi ehie va ning lue cia d6i ngu cfing chie, vien ehie, cd thi tim thiy mdt ttong nhing nguyfin nhin ein ban de giai ttu'ch tai sao Chuong ttinh tfing thfi cai
• Hpc vidn Hdnh ctifnh.
34 T4lP CHi QUAN if NHA NUdc - S6 185 (6-2011)
NGHIEN ciru - TRAO D 6 |
each hinh cliinh nha nufic giai doan 2001- 2010 cia Chinh phi Viet Nam chua dat dupc hieu luc vi hifiu qua cao ttong mudi nam qua.
2. Nhiing net die thu eo ban eua he thdng phue vu din su.
a. Nghiip vu chuyin mdn.
Phue vu din su la mdt nghfi, nhung khdng nfin hifiu don gian nhu mdt nghfi bit kl nao dd, chang ban nhu day hpc, thp may, thp ban..., nghfi phue vu din su li nghfi lam eho nfin hanh chi'nh cia dit nude boat ddng, nghia li nd bao quit nhifiu linh vuc boat ddng xa hdi khic nhau, t i dich vu dua thu, buu dien, cho dfin quin ly hinli cbinh trfin lanh thfi. Do dfi, nhdm nghifip vu ehuyen mdn niy ddi hdi khfii lupng kifin thic ehung rit rdng, vdi nhing chuin mue nhi't djnh vfi kidii thic vi ki ning, vi tit nliien ci nhihig quy ehfi vfi dao die edng vu.
b. Quan he cdp bde true thudc.
Til ea eic cfing chic, vifin chic dfiu cd quan hfi cip bie ro rang; ttong dd, mdi cdng chie, vidn ehie dfiu ed quan be ttue thudc dfii vdi cip trdn true tifip, ciiu su hufing din, giim sat, kifim tta eua cfing chic, vien chic cip tten. Trong he thfing thi bic niy, mfii vi tri dfiu dupc quy dinh rd vi nghia vu, quyen ban, lpi Ich (luong).
c. Cosd phdp ly.
Hfi thfing phue vu din su ludn cin dupc dam bio mdt co sd phap ly dfi boat ddng.
Ca sd phip if nay cd the la tip hpp cae quy dinh phip luit hoic mfit dao luit. Dua ttfin cac quy dinii phap luit nay, cfing chie, vifin ehie x i If cic quan he, cic su viee theo y chl eia Nha nudc.
d. Thii life hdnh chinh.
Thi tuc hanh cbinh dupc dit ra li dfi phue vu ngudi din. Nfiu khfing cd cic quy dinh ro rang vi thi tuc hanh ehinh dfi din dfin tinh ttang tu^ tien, hdn loan, vd Id cuong, tie trieh, lam dung quyfin ban, chic vu dfi vu lpi... Tlii tuc hinh chinh hpp If se tao nfin su nfi nfip, thfing nhit, ki
cuong vi khi ning phfii hpp trong thuc thi cdng viec.
d. Su edng minh.
Cdng chic, vien ehie nhi nude phii ip dung luit phip cia Nhi nufic dfi giii quyfit vin dfi mi khdng dupc cd thii dd uu ii, thidn vi vdi ci nhin hoic nhdm ngudi nio ttong xa hdi.
3. Dio tao cdng chic, vien chic nha nude.
Do nhing die thi nfii trdn eua nghfi phue vu dan su, viec dio tao cdng chie vidn chic nhi nude cin bao quit it nhi't li bfin ndi dung sau diy:
a. Kiin thdc.
Cdng chic, vidn chie nhi nudc khdng nhit thifit phai that su gidi vi chuyfin mdn eu thfi. Dieu niy cd thfi dua vio cic chuydn vien kl thuit. T\iy nhien, eic cdng chic, vidn chie nha nude cin dupc trang bj khfii kifin thic rdng. Hp phai bi^u bifit tdi mic nhit dinh vfi nhifiu nganh, nhifiu linh vuc khic nihau. Hp phai dac bifit nhay bfin vi am tudng nhihig vin dfi ehinh tri, phip luit, xa hdi, nhin van.
b. KT ndng.
Ndi ehung, mpi boat ddng thia hinh dfiu cin dfin ki ning niii't dinh. Trong linh vue ki thuit, su ren luyen vi hinh thanh ki ning ea ttong qua triiih hpc tip eung nhu cdng tie dfiu dfi dang hon, don giin hon, bdi le d diy chi tip trung vio nhihig yeu ciu eu thfi nhit djiih cia hinh ddng thuc thi. E>di vfii linh vuc phue vu din su thi vide ren iuyfin ki nang phic tap vi khd khin hon nhifiu, bdi vi nd bao quit mdt pham vi hanh ddng rit rdng vi rit cu the, t i iihing ki ning ttong viee vin dung phip luit dfi x i ly cic vin dfi dat ra, cho dfin nhing ki ning ing xi, giao tifip hing ngiy vdd cic edng din. Do dd, vide idn iuyfin Id nang eho hp cin dupc chi ttpng ei ttong qua trinh dio tao tai cie co sd dio tao cung nhu kem cap tai noi lam vide.
c. Quan hi.
Mdt nhin vidn kT thuit cd thfi lam vide
I«P CHi OUAN LY NHA NUCIC - S6 185 (6-2011) 35
NGHIEN Cinj - TRAO DOI
mdt minh, cdn cdng chic, vidn chie nhi nude, Irong qui trinh hoal ddng cia minh, phai thudng xuydn nim Irong cic quan hfi khac nhau - vdi cip ttfin, vdi cip dudi, Irong he thfing, vdi bdn ngoii, vdi cic cdng din lien quan. Vi Ihfi. nfiu khfing dupc hui'n luyen Ifil vfi nang luc giao tifip. ki nang lim viec nhdm... thi cdng ehie. vifin ehie nha nudc khd ed thfi hoan thinh idt chic ning cua minh.
d. Phong cdch.
Diy la ndi dung dac bifit quan trpng dfii vdi viec dao tao, huiin Iuyfin cdng chie, vidn chie nha nufic. Trong cdng tie hing ngay eia minh. ttong md'i quan he giao tie'p cdng viec, edng chuc, vien chic nha nudc dai dien vi ihfi bifin cu thfi tu cich nha nudc. Do dd, ren luydn phong cich td'l khi lim vide, ing xi, giao tifip trong hoat ddng hing ngiy cua cdng chic, vidn chie dan su li ydu ciu bit bude theo nhing quy dinh eu thfi, ro ring vi thdng nhi't.
Nhu vay, dio tao cdng chic, vidn chic nha nude la edng viec vfi cung khd khan ddi hoi su tuyfin chpn kbit khe, su huin luyen lau dii Va can ke ea trong qui trinh hpe tap eung nhu lam viec.
4. Tien luong cdng chie, vien chic.
Tifin luong khdng chi cd y nghia kinh tfi mi cdn cd y nghia ehinh trj vi xa hfii. Nd phan anh su uu viet cua chfidd chinh tri, su quan tim cua Nha nudc ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng va kfit qua cdng bifin eua ngudi lao ddng, su phit ttifin cua nfin kinh tfi- xi hdi vi mfii tuong quan giia cic ting Idp ngudi ttong xa hdi. Luong dupe Ira ding eho ngudi lao ddng li hinh thic diu tu ttue tie'p cho con ngudi, diu tu cho phit trifin kinh tfi - xa bdi, gdp phin ning cao chit lupng cdng ehie, vien chic din su.
Vdi vi tti li nhimg ngudi hoach djnh chifin lupc, ehinh sich phit ttifin cua di't nudc, nhing ngudi quan ly difiu hinh boat ddng eua di't nude, nhihig ngudi quan ly
"cim cin niy mue" cho mpi boat ddng cua di't nudc, tifin luong cao se li ddng lue eo
bin eho edng chic, vifin chic din su lim vide vi lpi ich qudc gia, cfi lpi cho qudc gia. Tifin luong thi'p, cd thfi din dfin tinh trang khdng It cic cdng chie, vien chic bj chi phdi bdi eic nhdm lpi Ich khic, cac quyfit djnh diu tu khdng hifiu qua hoic cic muc tieu cua ehinh sich bi bifin dang boi cic hinh vi true lpi vi khi dd khdng cdn vi lpi Ich qudc gia nia mi vl chinh cude sdng cia hp.
Thuc tifin eic nude cho thiy, tifin luong eia cdng chic, vidn ehie din su cao hon lifin luong 6 doanh nghiep (Vuong qudc Anh) hoic phai gii tuong quan hpp if vdi lifin luong eua doanh nghifip (Hoa KJ), khfing thi'p hon mie (rung binh eia xa hdi, doanh nghifip (Nhit Ban).
Viet Nam t i nim 1993 dfi'n nay. da ba lin eai each tifin luong nhung tifin luong vi thu nhip eua cfing chic, vien chie vin 6 mic thip, khdng dam bao mic sdng ciia edng chic, vidn ehie; mie tifin luong chua du canh tranh vdi khu vuc tu vi khu vuc nudc ngoii, do dfi, phit sinh nhifiu hi luy trong xa hdi. Trong 3 nam 2006-2009 da cd tdi 16.000 ngudi xin ra khdi khu vuc nhi nudc. Cic te nan quan lieu, sach nhifiu, tham nhung trong khu vue cdng cing ttd nen nghiem trpng vi phic tap.
Mdt ttong nhing nguydn nhin de din dfin linh trang tten li do ehinh sich lifin luong edn nhifiu bii cip.
Chinb vi thfi. vin dfi cai each co bin tiSn lifin luong edng chic, vidn chic din su hien nay vi giai doan tdi 2020 vi hing ttieu cdng chic, vidn ehie din su dang cin dupc tie'p luc dao lao vi dio tao lai, dupc bdi dudng vi huin luyen lai clang dit ni nhu mdt thich thic vi yeu ciu cip thifit cin dupc tie'p tuc nghien eiu, tim cic giai phip manh me, cd tinh bit phi theo tu duy mdi cd su dfing thuin cao eia cfing chic, vien chic din su. CJui ii mfit khd'i luong cdng vide khfing Id, khd khin, phic tap.
Khdng thfi thuc hidn cai cich tianh chiiih thinh cdng nfiu khdng vupt qua duoc thick dfi niyQ
36 TAP CHi QUAN LY NHA NUdc - sd 185 (6-2011)
