NGHIEN CUfU TRAOOOi
Phat tpiin ben vvng cong nghiep tren tja ban tinh Thai Nguyen:
Cd hoi va thach thufc
» Tti.S NGUYEN HAI BAC
T
hai N g u y e n la m o t tinh thugc v u n g Trung d u va iruen niii Bac Bg, co n h i e u lepd the so sanh ve vi tri dia ly, khi h a u t h u a n lepa, tai n g u y e n p h o n g phii, n g u 6 n n h a n luc d6i dao, chat luepng cao de p h a t trien m o t nen kinh te da d a n g theo h u o n g cong n g h i e p hoa, hien dai hoa. Mac dii, da tiing dugc coi la t r u n g tam cong nghiep n a n g ciia ca nuoc, t u y nhien cho d e n nay, cong nghiep tien dia b a n tinh Thai N g u y e n p h a t trien van con 6 miic khiem t6n, chua tuong xirng veil tiem nang. Viec n h a n dien nhirng tiem nang, lepd the va CO hgi cung n h u nhiing kho khan, bat lepd va thach thirc la hot sire quan trgng trong vice hoach dinh cac chinh sach p h a t trien c6ng nghiep ciia Tinh, gop p h a n thiic day p h a t trien c6ng nghiep ciia Thai N g u y e n theo hueing ben viing. Bai viet nay cung cap mot so n h a n dinh va d a n h gia tong quan ve n h u n g van de neu tren.1. N h i r n g t i e m n a n g , Igi t h e va c o h o i p h a t t r i e n cxia T h a i N g u y e n
a/ Tiem nang, lai the:
Thu nhat. Thai N g u y e n c6 nhieu co so dao tao n g u 6 n n h a n luc va nghien ciiu khoa hgc - cong nghe p h u c vu cho n h u cau cua tinh va viing. Day la lepd thd quan trgng d a m bao n g u 6 n n h a n luc chat luepng cao p h u c vu p h a t trien kinh te - xa hgi, dua n h a n h khoa hgc, cong n g h e vao san xuat va dod s6ng.
Thii hai, vi tri dia ly la m o t trong nhirng lepd the ciia Thai Nguyen. Thai N g u y e n co vi tri dia ly kha t h u a n lepd cho p h a t trien kinh to noi c h u n g va phat trien cong nghiep noi rieng do gan he t h 6 n g giao th6ng chinh nhu: d u o n g cao t6c, d u o n g sat, san bay, cang bidn, cang s6ng, cua k h a u qu6c te lein...
Ben canh do. Thai N g u y e n con n a m tiep giap Ha Ngi - trung tam kinh te, van hoa, chinh tri Ion, trung tam khoa hgc, cong n g h e cao ciia ca nuoc;
gan cac dia p h u o n g p h a t tiien n h a n h , n a n g d g n g thugc v u n g kinh te trgng diem Bac Bg (Vinh Phiic, Bic Ninh, H u n g Yen, Hai Phong).
Thii ba. Thai N g u y e n co n g u o n tai n g u y e n thien nhien p h o n g p h u , da d a n g . So vcri nhieu dja
phucmg khac t r o n g v i m g va ca n u o c . Thai N g u y e n CO n h i e u tiem n a n g , lepd thd de p h a t trien cong nghiep luyen kim, c o khi, san xuat vat h e u xay d u n g va chd bidn n o n g san... N h u n g lepd the nay cho p h e p tinh co d a y d u dieu kien do t r o thanh mot trung tam c6ng n g h i e p luyen kim, ca khi, san xuat vat lieu xay d u n g , che bien n 6 n g lam san ciia vimg T D M N BSc Bg va d i n d a n m a n g t a m co qu6c gia.
Thu tu. Thai N g u y e n la tinh co truyen th6ng p h a t trien c6ng n g h i e p tir n h i r n g n a m 60-70 ciia the ky tiuoc veii nhieu co s o cong n g h i e p co quy mo trung binh va lein d d u cac n g a n h n g h e , linh
\'irc khac nhau. Sau n h i e u n a m xay d i m g va tich luy, den nay co s o vat chat ky t h u a t cac n g a n h c6ng nghiep ciia Thai N g u y e n la t u o n g doi phat trien so veil nhieu dia p h u o n g trong ca nuoc.
b/Co hgi:
Thii nhat, toe do tang t r u o n g cao ciia vimg dong bang s6ng H o n g va viing KTTD Bac Bg - nhirng nod CO khoang each dia ly gan vod Thai N g u y e n - trong thod gian qua, hien nay ciing n h u trong thai gian toi, theo d u bao la ccr hgi rat Ion de Thai N g u y e n hgi n h a p vao xu the tang trueing nay,
Thd hai trong b6i canh hgi n h a p qu6c te va khu vuc, ciing veii cac dia phucn-ig khac trong ca nuoc. Thai N g u y e n co nhidu c o hgi dd mcr r g n g thi truong xuat khau ciia m i n h .
Thu ba, N g h i q u y d t sd 3 7 / N Q - T W n g a y 0 1 / 7 / 2 0 0 4 ciia Bg C h i n h tri xac d i n h p h a t tridn Thai N g u y e n t h a n h m o t t r o n g n h i r n g t r u n g tam k m h td ciia v u n g T D M N Bic Bg c h i c c h i n se tao dieu kien rat q u a n t r g n g d e Thai N g u y e n khai thac cac Igi the, tiem n a n g ciia m i n h , tang n h a n h thu hiit d a u t u tir ben n g o a i v a o dia b a n , n h i m p h a t tridn t h a n h m o t t r u n g t a m kinh td q u a n trgng ciia viing.
2. N h u n g k h o k h a n v a t h a c h t h u c dat ra c h o T h a i N g u y e n
a/Kho khan:
Thii nhat, d a u t u c h o c o n g n g h i e p , n h a t la de d a m b a o p h a t t r i e n bon v i i n g , d o i h o i v d n Ion, rui ro cao va c h a m t h u h d i v d n , t r o n g khi
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Thai N g u y e n lai la mot tinh ngheo, CO n g u o n thu n g a n sach thap, kha nang tich luy con han che, nen n g u 6 n v6n dau tu phai trien c6ng nghiep cung n h u dau tu cho phat trien co sd ha tang, xay d u n g va phat trien d 6 n g bg cac KCN con 6 miic khiem ton, p h u thugc chii yeu vao su h6 trg tii ngan sach trung uong.
Thii hai c6ng n g h i e p Thai N g u y e n co the m a n h va p h a n Ion t a p t r u n g vao nhirng n g a n h c6ng n g h i e p n h u k h a i t h a c k h o a n g san, luyen kim, san xuat vat lieu xay d u n g , nhiet dien... day d e u la nhirng n g a n h tham d u n g tai n g u y e n , co tac d g n g rat Ion d e n moi t r u o n g , de doa d e n su p h a t trien b e n v u n g ciia dia p h u o n g ciing n h u cac khu vuc lan can.
Thu ba, qua trinh thuc hien va dieu chinh phan b6 c6ng n g h i e p ciia Thai N g u y e n co nhieu kho khan do yeu t6 lich sii cua cac co s o san xuat c6ng nghiep quy m6 trung binh va Ion da ducTc hinh thanh, xay d u n g tir n h u n g niim 60-70 ciia the ky truac,
b/ Thach thiic:
Thii nhat, mgi trong n h u n g thach thiic lein n h a t d6i veii Thai Nguyen trong 10-15 nam teii la nguy CO tut hau so vcM ca nuoc.
Tuy CO nhung lepd the ve dia ly, tai nguyen va n g u o n n h a n luc, nhung gan mot thap ky qua, nen kinh te Thai Nguyen van phat tiien cham chap tiong khi cac tinh xung quanh Ha Ngi da nam bat tot cac ca hgi, tao ra su phat tiien manh va nhay vgt ve kinh te. Khoang each giiia Thai Nguyen veii ca nuoc con rat Ion:
GDP binh quan dau nguod tinh theo gia hien hanh nam 2009 men bang khoang 76'Xi mire binh quan chung cua ca nuoc (14,6 trieu d6ng/nguiTi so voi mire 19,1 trieu d6ng/ngu6d ciia ca nuocl).
M a tran p h a n t i c h S W O T
S t r e n g t h s ( D i e m m a n h ) : - Cc) n h i e u co ser d a o tao, d a m bac) ngue)n n h a n luc CO chat luemg cao, - Co n g u o n tai n g u y e n p h o n g p h u , da d a n g , - Co vi tri dia ly t h u a n
\cn.
- C o ser vat chat ky t h u a t ciia m o t so n g a n h cong n g h i e p t u o n g doi p h a t trien: c a khi, l u y e n kim, san x u a t VLXD, khai thac che bien k h o a n g san.
W e a k n e s s e s ( D i e m yeu):
- Noi Kic yeu, nguon luc dau tu phat trien ce')ng nghiep
\'a CSl n ' con han che.
- N h i i n g n g a n h c6 the m a n h d e u la n h u n g n g a n h cc) tac d g n g IcVn d e n meii trucmg,
- tPieu c h i n h p h a n be") ce'mg n g h i e p g a p nhieu khi) k h a n d o yeu te") lich sii ccia cac cer ser san xuat cong n g h i e p hien ciV
O p p o r t u n i t i e s (Ccr hiji):
- 1 loi n h a p vao xu the t a n g t r u o n g cao, n a n g d g n g cua cac tinh lan can,
• SI' CO CO hoi tiep can, t h a m n h a p thi t r u c m g n u a c ngoai,
- D u g c iru tien p h a t trien t h e o N g h i q u y e t 3 7 / N Q - TW ciia Bo C h i n h tri
Ket herp d i e m m a n h - c a h o i
- Xac dinh cong nghiep miii n h o n la n g a n h co khi che tao; ben canh de') van chii trgng cac n g a n h C N truyen thong va co the m a n h khac: luyen kim, san xuat VLXD, che bien,..
- Buac d a u xay d u n g \'a d a n h i n h t h a n h cac n g a n h cong n g h i e p m a i , CO ky t h u a t cao, c o n g n g h e h i e n d a i n h u : C N I T , SX vat lieu mai,,.
Ket h o p d i e m yeu - ca h o i : - Sii d u n g hieu qua ngue')n v o n d a u t u ciia t r u n g u a n g de phat trien CSl tl', xay d u n g va phat Ine^n dong bo cac KCN, - Co chinh sach ttiu hiit dau tu trong va ngoai nui'rc n h a m tang cucmg n g u o n luc dau tu.
T h r e a t s ( N g u y ca):
- Tut hau ,st) ve)i cac dia p h u o n g khac trong ca nuoc, - San p h a m k h o n g ce') kha n a n g c a n h t r a n h M'TI h a n g ngoai,
- Pha ve'r canh q u a n , mc)i t r u o n g , c a n kiet tai nguyen... ktu d a y m a n h p h a t trien cong n g h i e p
Ket h o p d i e m m a n h - n g u y ca - N a n g cao chat lugng san p h a m , gia tri gia tang va kha nang canh tranh ciia cac n g a n h cong nghiep truyen thong,
- Vice p h a t trien cac n g a n h cong n g h i e p truyen thong phai gan veii yeu cau PfBV, thuc hien d a y dii va nghiem tiic cac b i e n p h a p BVMT, giai quvet thoa d a n g cac van de xa hoi.
Ket h a p d i e m yeu - n g u y ca:
- Kht'mg vi leri Ich trui'rc mat m a phat trien cong n g h i e p m g t each 6 at, thieu tinh loan,
- Tap trung nguon luc de d a u t u phat Irien nganh cong nghiep miii nhgn va cac linh vuc uu tien voi Ig trinh thich hgp.
Hinh 1: Ma tran SWOT ve phat trien ccmg nghiep tren dia ban tinh Thai Nguyen
Thu hai nhieu san pham cua tinh, ke ca cac san p h a m co truyen th6ng san xuat lau dod, thieu kha nang canh tranh ngay ca h e n thi trucmg ngi dia. Vice n h u n g cam ket ciia nuoc ta trong khu6n khd AFTA, WTO... da va so dugc thuc hien day du so gay nen ap luc rat lan d6i voi cac n g a n h san xuat cua tinh, khi hang ngoai nhap co co hgi tu do xam nhap thi truong trong nuoc.
Thir ba, nguy co pha va canh quan, moi truiing, khai thac can kiet cac n g u d n lai nguyen thien nhien, ciing n h u ap lire trong vice giai quyet cac van do xa hgi khi d u y tri va d i y manh toe do tang trucmg cong nghiep,
Nhirng didm m a n h , diem
yeu, CO hgi \'a thach thirc doi ve'ri viec phat tridn c6ng nghiep tren dia ban tinh Thai Nguyen dugc phan tich bang ma tran SWOT n h u trong hinh 1.
Tren co seV phan tich nhirng diem manh, diem you, co hgi va thach thiic doi vcri vice phat tridn cong nghiep tren dia ban tinh Thai Nguyen, hy vgng voi nhiing quyet sach diing dan, trong thod gian teM, c6ng nghiep cua Thai N g u y e n so phat trien hon nira, n h a m thuc hien thang lepd muc tieu dua Thai Nguyen tra thanh tinh c6ng nghiep phat trien kha vao nam 2020, d6ng thcM gop phan day nhanh lien trinh c6ng nghiep boa, bien dai hoa cua ca nuac, 'l'
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