KINH Tt CLTA KHAU MONG CAI: CO HOI VA THACH THtTC
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H O INHAP VA PHAT TRI^N
TRAN THI TVYtr /3!X dng Cdi Id thanh phd nam trdn sdng
J)^* Ka Long cdch thdnh phd Ha Long khoang 178km; mdt trung tam thuong mai ldn d phia bac; gidp vdi thdnh phd Ddng Hung tinh Quang Tdy-Trung Qud'c la cfta ngd quan ttpng thdng thuong vdi Trung Qude va cac nudc ttong khu vyc; cd nhilu dilu kidn thuan Id vd tilm ndng ndi ttdi d bidn gidi phia bdc dl phat triin kinh tl cfta khdu song cung dttng trudc nhilu thdch thttc ttong bdi canh hdi nhap.
1. Kinh td' cijra khdu - Ipi the kinh te' cua thdnh phd Mdng Cdi
Kinh t l cfta khdu la td hpp nhflng quan hd . sdn xudt didn ra tai cfta ngd cia qude gia phu hpp vdi ttinh dd phdt triln nhd't djnh cia cac luc luong san xudt xa hdi, phuong thttc san xudt thdng tri trong xa hdi. Phdt triln kinh t l cfta khdu la nhdn td quan trpng ttong ttao ddi hdng hda qua cdc tinh bidn gi(W, gdp phdn md rdng giao luu thuong mai, cai thidn co sd ha tdng, thuc ddy phat triin kinh t l xa hdi, xda ddi giam ngheo tai cdc dja phuong vung bidn.
Ddng thdi, cung cd va dam bao an ninh qud'c phdng, duy tri tinh huu nghi gitta nhdn ddn cdc nudc.
Theo Quylt djnh sd 19/2012/QD-TTg ngay 10 thdng 4 ndm 2012 cia Thi tudng Chliih phi vl vide thdnh ldp Khu kinh t l cfta khdu Mdng Cdi, tinh Quang Ninh thi pham vi khu kinh t l cfta khdu Mdng Cai dupc xac ldp tai phia ddng bdc cia tinh Quang Ninh vdi didn tich khoang 121.197 ha, trong dd didn tich dd't liln la 66.197 ha va didn tich mat biin la 55.000 ha. Khu kinh td'cfta khdu Mdng Cai cd vj tri chidn luoc dac bidt quan trpng, mdt cfta ngd tilp giap vdi Trung Qude bang ca dudng bd, dudng sdng va dudng biin, vdi cac cfta khdu dupc tiang bj tuong ddi hidn dai phuc vu nhu cdu xudt nhdp canh cia khdch hang,
phuong tidn va hang hda. Ndm ddi didn vdi Mdng Cai la thdnh phd cfta khdu Ddng Hung, noi dupc xem la cfta ngd dl Trung Qude tiln vao ASEAN vd la cfta khdu IA cfta khdu cdp qud'c gia cia Trung Qude vdi nhilu chlnh sach uu dai cho ngudi va hang hda qua cfta khdu, tao thanh mdt ttong nhttng cap cfta khdu qude t l phat triin nhdt khu vyc bidn gidi Vidt - Trung.
Mdng Cdi cd ngudn tai nguydn thidn nhidn da dang, phong phu la dilu kidn thuan Ipi dl phat triln nln kinh t l da dang, bao gdm kinh t l dich vu du ljch, kinh t l biln, ndng lam ngu nghidp, cdng nghidp. Ngodi ra, hd thdng co sd ha tdng ky thudt, ha tdng xa hdi cung ludn dupc ddu tu phdt triln, nhdt Id mang ludi giao thdng, thiy lpi, didn vd buu chlnh vidn thdng phdt triin ddng bd, ddng vai ttd quan trpng tao mdi Udn kit vung, qua dd phat huy dupc cdc lpi thi cia mdi vung trong thanh phd dl hinh thanh va phat triln mdt nln kinh t l tdng hpp va bin vttng.
Trong chiln lupc phat triln kinh t l Quang Ninh, khu kinh t l cia khdu Mdng Cai dupc xem Id khdu ddt phd di phdt triln kinh t l thuong mai, dich vu, du Uch ldn thtt hai cia tinh sau thanh phd Ha Long.
Vdi nhihig dilu kidn thudn Ipi ca vl tilrh ndng ty nhidn, co sd ha tdng, dac bidt la cdc chlnh sach uu tien danh cho cac khu kinh t l cfta khdu ndi chung va khu kinh t l ciia khdu Mdng Cdi ndi ridng da giup nln kinh t l Mdng Cai cd nhilu chuyin biln tich eye, kinh t l cd budc tdng trudng nhanh, gdp phdn cai thidn thu nhdp cia ngudi ddn, xda ddi giam ngheo va tao ra nhihig chuyen biln vl mat xa hdi.
ThS. Trfin Thj Tuyet, Vien Nghien cttu Moi truimg va Phat trie'n ben viimg.
Tran Thi Tuy it - Kinh ticCra khiu hAdng Cdi...
2. NhOmg CO hoi trong phdt trien kinh te' ciita khau Mdng Cdi
Ciia khdu quan trgng cda tinh Qudng Ninh. cda vung Bdc Bd vd cd nudc - Ciia khdu qude t l Mdng Cdi dupc xac djnh la mdt trong nhihig cfta khdu bidn gidi quan trpng cia Viet Nam. Trong bdi canh hdi nhap, dac bidt Id trong khudn khd xay dyng khu vyc thuong mai ty do ASEAN Trung Qude (CAFTA), Mdng Cai se Id cfta ngd quan trpng trong giao luu, hpp tac phdt triln du Uch va trao ddi hang hda xudt, nhap khdu. Theo chiln lupc nay, Trung Qude se tap trung uu tidn ddu tu, tao su bing nd phat triin vung duydn hai Tdy Nam (Quang Tdy - Hai Nam), Udn kit ving nay vdi ASEAN, klo theo toan bd sy phat triln cua ving Tay Nam rdng Idn giau tilm nang cia Trung Qude trong tham vpng tao ra mdt eye tang trudng mdi cia thi gidi va khu vyc dd la eye tang trudng Trung Qude -ASEAN va day chlnh la co hdi dl dua Mdng Cdi bit Idn thanh cfta ngd cia sy kit ndi gitta hai thi trudng rdng ldn nay.
Trdn thuc tl, thanh phd Mdng Cdi cd sy chuyin ddng ttdn nhilu mat khdng chi la vat chdt ma cdn ca vl tinh thdn vdi vide thudng xuydn ddn nhdn sy quan tam, giup dd cia Dang, Nha nudc va tinh Quang Ninh ma cy thi la cac chlnh sdeh uu dai qua cdc quylt djnh, nhu: Nghj quylt sd 54-NQ/TW ngay 14-9-2005 cia Bd Chinh tri vl Phdt ttiln kinh t l - xa hdi vd bao dam qud'c phdng, an ninh vung ddng bang sdng Hdng dd'n nam 2010 va djnh hudng din nam 2020 da khang djnh rdng: "Xay dyng Mdng Cdi trd thanh thanh phd cia khdu qud'c t l quan trpng trong qui hoach vdnh dai kinh t l veh biln Quang Tdy- Mdng Cdi - Ha Long - Dd Son dl ddy manh xud't nhdp khdu gitta Vidt Nam va Trung Qude'"; Nghj djnh 29/2008/ND-CP cia Chinh phi qui dinh vl chi'nh sach dd'i vdi khu kinh t l cfta khdu. Theo dd, khu cdng nghidp d khu vyc cfta khdu Mdng Cai la dia ban uu dai, ddu tu, dupc hudng chlnh sach uu dai dp dyng dd'i vdi dja ban thudc Danh muc dja ban cd dilu kidn kinh t l - xa hdi khd khan.
Nghj quylt sd 19/NQ-TU ngay 9-6-2004 cfta Ban Thudng vu Tinh uy Quang Ninh vl phdt triin thi xa Mdng Cdi din nam 2015,
ttong dd neu rd: "phai tao cho Mdng Cdi cd budc phdt triln nhanh, todn didn vung chdc ttdn CO sd phat huy ddng bd lpi thi cia thi xa bidn gidi cfta khdu qud'c gia, qud'c tl. Xdy dung thi xa Mdng Cdi thanh thanh phd bidn gidi, thj xa cfta khdu hfln nghj hpp tac cing phdt triin"^
Dac bidt, Mdng Cai la thi xa ddu tidn dupc dp dyng thi dilm mdt sd chlnh sach uu dai bang Quylt djnh 675yTTg ngay 18-9-1996 va Quylt dinh 53/2001/QD-TTg, ngdy 19-4- 2001, vl chlnh sach ddi vdi Khu kinh t l cfta khdu bidn gidi cfta Chlnh phi tao dilu kidn xdy dyng Mdng Cai ttd thanh khu kinh t l md phdt triln, ddu mdi giao luu kinh t l cia tinh va ca nudc. Quyet djnh 52/2008/QD-TTg vl vide Phd duydt dl dn Qui hoach phdt triln cdc khu kinh t l cfta khdu cia Vidt Nam din nam 2020, theo dd khu kinh t l cfta khdu Mdng Cai la mdt trong ba khu kinh t l cia khdu ddu mdi phia Bdc, kit ndi vdi Trung Qud'c dupc Chlnh phi xay dyng ddng bd ve kit cd'u ha tdng, md hinh td chttc quan ly, co chl chlnh sach khuyin khich....
Cac chinh sach uu dai nay la co sd dl giup Mdng Cai timg budc hoan thidn va hidn dai hda hd thdng co sd ha tdng theo quy hoach, phat huy dilu kidn ty nhidn va ylu td san cd dl khai thac cd hidu qua tilm nang kinh t l cfta khdu cua minh.
Mdng Cdi khu kinh te md, cd cd biin gidi trin bd ldn trin bien, ed thdnh phd eda khdu qude te ldm hgt nhdn Hidp dinh phan djnh vinh Bdc Bd dupc k^ kit dua trdn cdc nguydn tdc tdn trpng dCic lap, chi quyln va toan ven lanh thd cia nhau, khdng xam pham ldn nhau, khdng can thidp vao cdng vide ndi bd cia nhau, binh dang cung cd Ipi, cung tdn tai hda binh da giup Vidt Nam va f rung Qude budc ddu giai quyet tranh chdp trdn biin, tao dieu kidn thuan Ipi cho phdt tiiln. Vdi hidp djnh nay, Viet Nam da giai quylt dttt diim dupc vdn dl thtt hai trong ba vdn dl bidn gidi - lanh thd vdi Trung Qud'c, dd la bidn gidi ttdn 1. Dac mmg cua TP Mdng Cai la dO thi cia khdu, www.quangninh.gov.vn.
2. Dac ttung cua TP Mdng Cdi la dd thi cua khdu, www.quangninh.gov.vn.
Ng/j/en dm Phit triin bin vflng, si 3 (36) - Thing 9/2012
Trin Thj Tuyet - Kinh tecCra khau Mdng Cai...
dit Uln, vjnh Ble Bd va biln Ddng. Hon thi, Vidt Nam da chlnh thttc tham gia vdo Td chttc thuong mai Thd gidi, day la co hdi mdi, nhdt la mdi trudng ddu tu se dupc cai thidn nhilu, cd kha ndng thu hut dupc nhilu nha ddu tu nudc ngoai. Hd trp cia qude t l ddi vdi nudc ta se tilp tuc tang.
Nhu da phan tich, Mdng Cai khdng chi la ddu mdi kinh t l quan trpng, cd vai trd thuc ddy giao luu kinh t l trong vung, trong nudc ma cdn mang tdm qude tl. Dac bidt trong bdi canh hdi nhap khi ma cdc nudc ASEAN dang md rdng hpp tdc vdi bdn ngoai va Trung Qud'c Id mdt dd'i tac quan trpng, dilu nay cd anh hudng manh din Vidt Nam cflng nhu vung kinh t l trpng dilm Bdc Bd. Mdng Cdi gitt vj tri quan trpng trong true kinh te trong dilm
"Ha Ndi Hai Phdng " Quang Ninh". Cung vdi dd Mdng Cdi la mdt trong ba eye cia hai hanh lang: "Cdn Minh-Lao Cai - Hai Ndi- Hai Phdng; Nam Ninh- Lang Son-Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng" va mdt vanh dai kinh tl: "Quang Tay- Mdng Cdi- Ha Long Hai Phdng - Dd Son", Id dilm giao thoa cia kinh tl, van hda va ky thuat, gdp phdn thuc ddy qua trinh phdt triln bidn mau diln ra thuan lpi hon.
Ngoai ra, Ddng Hung mdt cfta khdu cdp qud'c gia cia Trung Qud'c- thudng xuydn dupc quan tdm ddu tu ttt Chlnh phi Trung Qud'c giup cho boat ddng kinh t l sdi ddng hon va phdt ttiin manh ca vl Iupng vd chd't. Ddng Hung da dupc hudng qui chl dac biet ttt Chinh phi Trung Qud'c, nham xay dyng thdnh mdt thanh phd hidn dai, da chttc nang. Dd'n nay, Ddng Hung da dupc dau tu hon 2 ty nhan dan td (NDT) cho xay dyng co sd ha tdng dap ttng cho nhu cdu phat triln todn didn khu vyc tilm nang nay, dua Ddng Hung trd thanh cfta ngd cia Trung Qud'c tien vao Ddng Nam A.
Tdn dung Id thi la cfta ngd giao thuong ca trdn biln vd trdn bd, thuong mai bidn gid cia Mdng Cdi phdt triln nhanh chdng. Nam 2008, tdng kim ngach xudt nhap khdu cia thanh phd da dat trdn 3 ty USD v d phuong hudng chu dao Id Id'y thuong mai du ljch lam mui nhpn dl chuyin dich co cdu kinh tl, cing vdi vide tang cudng ddu tu co sd ha tdng phuc vu cdc boat ddng kinh t l thuong mai, du Ijch, nhu: hd thd'ng nha nghi, khach
san, cac khu du ljch, tiung tam thuong mai, cdc khu vui chd giai tri,... Bdn canh dd, cdng tac tuydn truyin, quang bd du Ijch cung dupc quan tam v d phuong cham 'nhd nhd ldm du lich, ngudi ngudi qudng bd du lich" nhdm timg budc khdi phyc cdc gia tri van hda truyin thd'ng va dua Mdng Cai ttd thanh dilm din hdp ddn cia du khach trong va ngoai nudc, dac bidt trd thanh dd'i ttpng thu hut ddu tu phat trien kinh t l v d thanh phd cua khdu bdn kia bidn gidi.
Vd Ipi thi quan ttpng nhu vay cing vd xu hudng "cd md" thuong mai ddu ttr gitta ASEAN - Trung Qud'c ttong thd gian td Id co hdi ddu tu kinh doanh cho cdc doanh nghidp cia hai nudc, khdng chi d vanh dai bidn gid ma ca cdc doanh nghidp sau ttong ndi dja.
3. Nhiimg khd khan va thdch thttc trong phdt trien kinh te' cua khau Mdng Cdi Dilu kidn ty nhidn, kinh tl- xa hdi cung vd cac chinh sach uu dai da tao nhieu tilm nang, CO hdi cho Mdng Cdi phdt trien kinh t l cfta khdu. Tuy nhidn trong qud trinh phat triln, Mdng Cdi cung gap khdng It khd khan,
thach thttc. / Trudc hi't Id vi dieu kiin tif nhiin ciia ldnh
thd: Mdng Cai la khu vyc chiu nhilu anh hudng cia cdc boat ddng kid'n tao, dja hinh, dja mao da dang va tuong dd'i phttc tap, chia cdt manh, gay khdng It nhflng trd ngai trong qua trinh cai tao ddt va xdy dyng cdc cdng trinh ha tang. Tai nguydn ddt tuy da dang vl nhdm va loai nhung phan Idn la dat ddc, tdng ddt mdng, chdt lupng ddt suy giam, ban chl din kha nang khai thac sft dung tap trung.
Ngoai ra, Mdng Cai cflng chiu nhilu anh hudng tidu eye cia dilu kidn khi hau va chju sy tac ddng manh cia thiy trilu, dl nhidm man, nhidm phen khd cai tao anh hudng din hoat iddng cia cac nganh kinh tl, nhu: san xud't ndng nghidp va du lich cflng mang tinh mua vu. Tai nguydn khoang san ngheo vl ching loai, trtt Iupng, phdn bd lai khdng tdp trung ndn khd khan de phat triln nganh cdng nghidp khai khodng qui md ldn.
Sy khdc bidt vl dieu kidn ty nhidn va nhung ban chl vl tai nguydn ndi trdn la co sd Nghiin aiu Phit triin bin vdng. si 3 (36) - Thing 9/2012
Trin Thj Tuyet - Kinh ticQa khau Mdng Cdi..
cho su da dang hda ttong each ttng xft v d mdi trudng tu nhidn, dac bidt la sy phan bd khdng dlu vl lanh thd va theo mua cia tai nguydn nudc cung v d dja hinh chia cat da gay nhilu khd khan cho cdng tac thiy lpi, bao vd tai san, nudi ttdng tu nhidn va phdt triln luu thdng hang hda.
Thd hai Id ve ca ehi', chinh sdeh: boat ddng kinh t l trong khu kinh t l cfta khdu chua dn djnh, phu thudc nhilu vdo co chl, chlnh sdeh khdng chi cia Vidt Nam ma cdn ca phia Trung Qude. Sy thay ddi vl co chl chlnh sdeh ttt phia Trung Qud'c rdt khd cd thi dy bao, hp thudng chi ddng hon trong cdc boat ddng bidn mau vdi nhttng co chl chlnh sdeh dupc dilu chinh thudng xuydn, linh boat va It nhilu thau tdm dupc thj trudng ngoai thuong cia phia ddi tdc.
Bdn canh dd, cac co chl chlnh sach cia Vidt Nam danh cho cdc khu kinh t l cfta khdu thudng khdng dupc dilu chlnh kjp thd, linh boat v d sy thay ddi cia thyc tiln.
Dac bidt, sy phan cdp quan ly thudng chdng chIo vd khdng rd rang, chang ban theo Quylt dinh sd 1586/QD-TTg ngay 9-10- 2009 cua Thi tudng Chlnh phi. Ban Quan 1^ khu kinh t l Id co quan tryc thudc UBND tinh Quang Ninh, thyc hidn chttc nang quan I^ nha nudc tryc tilp ddi v d cac khu cdng nghidp, khu kinh t l va khu kinh t l cfta khdu.
Vl td chttc bd mdy. Ban Quan Iy khu kinh t l cd Phdng kinh t l cfta khdu chuydn theo ddi vl cdc boat ddng tai cac khu kinh t l cfta khdu. Thyc t l hidn nay, vide quan Iy tryc tilp tai cac cfta khdu vdn do cac ban quan Iy cfta khdu dupc thanh ldp theo quylt djnh cfta UBND tinh thuc hidn, tryc thudc UBND cd'p huydn n d cd cfta khdu, chua chuyin vl Ban Quan ly khu kinh td' cia tinh theo tinh thdn Nghj dinh sd 29/2008/ND-CP cia Chlnh phi. Ngodi ra, dia phuong cd cfta khdu thudng it dupc phdn cdp va giao nhidm vu true tilp thyc hidn mdt each toan didn trdn cdc Unh vyc ttong vide ddu tu, phdt triin cdc khu kinh t l cfta khdu, phai trdng chd vao cdc quylt djnh ttt trung uong, ddn din su cham chl trong giai quylt cac vdn dl ndng va btte xuc tai dja phuong.
Thd ba Id ve ca sd hg tdng: ttude hit, la kit cdu ha tdng c i a cac cia khdu ttdn bd dang xudng cdp va khdng ddp ttng dupc nhu cdu van tai ngud va bdng hda. Chdng ban, cdu Bic Luan (cfta khdu Bdc Luan) cu, hep va thudng xay ra tie nghen b d vide luu thdng cia nhilu loai phuong tidn khdc nhau didn ra trdn cdu (xe tai, xe hanh khach, ngud di bd) va cdy cdu chl chiu dupc ttpng tai cia cdc phuong tidn d u d 20 tdn. Co sd ha tdng cfta khdu tiiu ngach Ka Long cdn chua cd phuong tidn bdc dd. Phuong tidn van chuyin chi ylu la bdng dudng thiy, ndn chju tac ddng manh cia dilu kidn khi hau, hd thdng ludng lach cdc sdng thudng xuydn bi bdi ldp, dac bidt ludng lach d cfta khdu Ka Long vl phia Trung Qud'c rd't khd thyc hidn cdng tac nao vet do phai cd sy ddng thuan v d Trung Qude.
Ngoai ra, hd thdng giao thdng trdn bd ndi Mdng Cdi v d cac tinh khdc, dac bidt la cdc tinh thudc ving ddng bang sdng Hdng da dupc nang cdp, cai tao, md rdng, nhung vdn cdn nhd, hep, dudng quanh co khd hilm trd gdy khd khan cho luu thdng hang hda.
Ddi v d cfta khdu trdn biln cang khdu Van Gia n d xudt khdu phdn ldn hang hda cia nudc ta sang Trung Qude nhung trang thilt bi phuc vu cang chua dap ttng dupc ydu cdu nhidm vu trong tinh hinh hidn nay:
tau xudng vtta thilu, vtta ylu, chua cd cdu cang, didn tich kho bai cdn thilu. Theo thilt kl, cang Van Gia la cang tdng hpp dia phuong (loai II), gdm bin chuyin tai bdng phao neo cho cd tau ttt 5.000 - 10.000 DWT.
Ndng lyc thdng qua dat 3-5 tridu tdn/ndm.
Ddy la mdt ttong nhfltig dy an uu tidn cia Mdng Cai trong giai doan 2010-2015.
Bdn canh dd, cac co sd ha tdng khac da dupc ddu tu nhung vdn cdn bdt cdp, chua dap ttng dupc nhu cdu phat triln, dac bidt la cac khu vyc xa trung tdm. Mdt sd hang muc tuy da dupc phd duydt song tiln dd triin khai ddu tu xay dyng cdn rdt cham, chdng han nhu: cdu Bdc Ludn II, hd thdng kho chtta hang ttung chuyin, hd thdng thodt nudc va vd sinh mdi ttudng, nha may xft Iy rac thai, he thdng dudng dng ddn nudc ttt hd
E3
Nghan aiu Phit triin bin vOng. si 3 (36) - Thing 9/2012Trin Thi Tuyet - Kinh tecOa khau Mdng Cai...
Trdng Vinh va hd Cdt Ddng vl nha mdy nudc
Trong bdi canh hidn nay, thi trudng la ylu td quylt djnh cho san xudt, gid san phdm dac bidt la gid ndng san thi gid khdng dn djnh va xu hudng chung la giam, trong khi ndng san cia chung ta gia thanh cdn cao, chdt lupng khdng dn djnh. Hon ntta, do co sd ha tdng xudng cdp vd kha nang thdng quan ban chl tai cdc cfta khdu da ddn din ach tdc, giam chdt Iupng hang hda va thudng bi tu thuong ep gid, gdy khd khan khiln hang hda khd tidu thy, thidt hai Idn vl kinh tl, dac bidt kl ttt khi Trung Qude triin khai chlnh sach ban chl xud't nhdp khdu theo dudng tilu ngach, tinh hinh ach tdc hang tai cfta khdu didn ra ngay cdng nhilu.
Trong khi dd, phia Trung Qud'c da qui hoach va ddu tu co sd ha tdng khd ddng bd va hidn dai dpc bidn gidi, cho phep cdc phuong tidn van chuyin trpng tai Idn ra vao cfta khdu.
Ttt sy chdnh Idch vl qui md va mttc ddu tu vung bidn cia Trung Qud'c va Viet Nam da tao ra sy mdt cdn xttng tai khu vyc cia khdu.
Ttt nhilu nam nay, cd mdt dilu nghjch Iy la hang ndng san Trung Qud'c vao nudc ta thi dd, ttong khi hang Vidt Nam xudt qua Trung Qude lai Udn tuc gap ttd ngai.
Thd tu la ve. ddc diem ddn sd'vd nguon lao ddng: ddn sd cua Mdng Cai cd dac dilm la sd ngud thyc sy luu ttu cao hon rdt nhilu so v d ddn sd dang ky theo hd khdu thudng tru. Dac bidt, trong nhung nam gdn ddy do boat ddng kinh t l thuong mai phdt triln nhanh, Mdng (Tdi da thu hut dupc nhilu lao ddng ttt cdc ving khdc dd'n trung tdm Mdng Cdi tham gia cdc boat ddng djch vu, thuong mai, lam tang dan sd vang Iai tai khu vyc cfta khau. Tuy nhidn, lao ddng cd ttinh dd chuydn mdn ky thuat va lao ddng cd ky nang cdn It vl sd Iupng vd kem vl chdt Ittpng so vd trung binh ca tlnh Quang Ninh. Theo sd Udu dilu tra nam 2009, sd lao ddng chua dupc dao tao chuydn mdn ky thuat cdn chidm ty ttpng Idn, khodng 61%, cao hon so v d trung binh ca Unh (52%). Bdn canh dd, sd lao dpng dang boat ddng trong khu vyc kinh t l ndng nghidp viii ehilm ty trpng cao khoang 45,2% nam
Nghiin cdu Phit triin bin Wing, si 3 (36) - Thing 9/2012
2009, khu vuc djch vu ehilm khoang 49,7%
va 4,1% la lao ddng khu vyc cdng nghidp, xay dyng'.
Thii ndm la ve an ninh. trdt tu xd hdi:
dudng bidn gid dai thuan tidn cho giao luu gitta hai qud'c gia nhung cflng rdt khd khan trong cdng tac quan Iy. Hang nam, Iupng ngudi va hang hda qua cfta khdu ngay mdt tang. Cac boat ddng tdi pham dang didn ra hit stte phttc tap tai vung bidn. Ngoai ra, ttinh dd, nang lyc quan ly cia mdt sd nganh chttc nang cdn ban chl, mdt bd phan can bd cdn yd'u vl trinh dd chuydn mdn va tinh thdn trach nhidm, giai quylt cdng vide cdn thilu linh boat da gdy ra nhilu vu vide btte xuc trong nhdn ddn. Sy phdi hpp, gitta cdc luc lupng chttc ndng tai khu vyc cia khdu cdn chua chat che va cd sy chdng cheo; cdc thi tuc thdng quan tuy da dupc cai tiln song vdn cdn philn ha, ach tdc dd nay sinh tidu eye.
4. Mpt sd giai phdp phdt trien kinh te' cfta khau Mdng Cdi
Ve ea che chinh sach: Hoan thidn co chl chlnh sach cia khau vdi chien lupc tdng the va cdc chlnh sach ddng bd, kjp thd nham chi ddng quan Iy va dilu hanh, dac bidt tang thdm thdm quyln cho cdc co quan quan Iy dja phuong nham giai quylt Iinh boat, hidu qua cac vdn dl khd khan vudng mdc ttong vide triln khai thyc hidn cac co chl, chinh sdeh vl ddu tu phat triln kinh td' xa hdi, dam bao an ninh bidn gid, tranh chdng cheo vl quyln quan Iy, tao thudn lpi cho cdc hoat ddng san xudt, kinh doanh, xudt nhap khdu. Ngoai ra, cung cdn don gian hda, thdng nhdt cac thi tuc thdng quan phi hpp vdi dac dilm vung bidn gid, tao CO che thdng thoang va mdi trudng kinh doanh thuan lpi thu hut hang hda xudt khdu cia cac dia phuong qua cia khdu Mdng Cai vao thi trudng Trung Quoc. Vidt Nam cung cdn xdy dimg co quan nghidn cttu chuydn sau ve cfta khdu, dac bidt Id thj trudng Trung Qud'c dl chi ddng dua ra cdc ddi sach thich hpp di ban che tdi da nhutig bdt cdp trong cdng tdc xudt khdu hang hda cia nudc 3. Quy hoach phit triln ngudn nhan luc Quang Ninh, 2011-2()20.
m
Trin Thi Tuyet - Kinh tecOa khau Mdng CSi
ta sang thj trudng Trung Qude va dam bao an ninh bien gid.
Ve kinh ti': Xdy dyng cdc qui chl uu dai nhdm thu hut ddu tu, phdt triln kinh t l nhieu thanh phdn, tang thdm co hdi cho cac doanh nghidp trdn co sd phat triin ddng bd cdc loai hinh boat ddng thuong mai, uu tidn phat triin cac loai hinh thuong mai xudt khdu, cac djch vu xuc tiln thuong mai, hd ttp mua ban hang hda... Ddu tu nang cap co sd ha tdng khu vyc cia khdu va phu trp, ddy nhanh tiln dd xay dyng CO sd ha tdng tai cac cfta khdu da dupc phd duyet, tao dilu kien cho phat triln kinh tl, khai thac tridt dl lpi thi vl kinh t l cia khdu, ddng thdi ndng cao kha nang canh tranh dl Mdng Cai trd thanh dd'i tac manh vd khu khai phdt Ddng Hung n d dupc coi la ban dap di Trung Qude phat triln anh hudng cia minh xudng ca vung Ddng Nam A.
Ve xd hdi: Thyc hidn tdt cdng tac dang ky luu ttu va quan Iy luc Iupng lao ddng ty do din lam an, budn bdn ttdn dja ban Mdng Cdi.
Giai quylt cdng an vide lam, cai thidn dilu kidn sd'ng cho ngud lao ddng thdng qua cdc boat ddng kinh t l thj trudng gdp phdn dam bao dupc an ninh trat ty xa hdi vung bidn va bao vd chi quyln qud'c gia. Bdn canh dd, cung cdn ndng cao chdt lupng ngudn nhdn lyc trdn CO sd ndng cao mat bang dan tri, chu trpng bdi dudng can bd quan Iy cd trinh dp chuydn mdn gidi, cd tinh thdn trdch nhidm, phdm chat dao dttc td't dl ddp ttng dupc ydu cdu trong tinh hinh md.
Co thi ndi, Mdng Cai la n d hdi tu nhilu ylu td de phat triln kinh t l cfta khdu, mdt md hinh kinh t l hidu qua tai cac ving bidn gid, mdt ddng lyc chu ylu thuc ddy phat ttiin va tang trudng kinh tl, mdt cdng cu td't dl xda ddi giam ngheo, nang cao chdt lupng cudc sd'ng cia ngud dan vung bidn gid. Nhiing nam qua, Mdng Cai da dupc dp dung mdt sd qui chl uu dai, dac bidt vao ngay 10 thang 4 nam 2012 v d Quylt dinh sd 19/2012/QD- TTg cia Thi tudng Chlnh phi vl vide thanh lap khu kinh t l cfta khdu Mdng Cii, tinh Quang Ninh se la co sd tao budc ddt pha trong phdt triin kinh t l cfta khdu Mdng Cdi, nhdm khai thdc tilm nang, lpi thi cd tinh bin vttng, phdt huy dupc vai ttd nhdn td trung tdm, khu kinh t l nang ddng, tao ddng lyc lan tda phdt trien cdc khu vyc kinh t l khac./.
TAI LifiU THAM KHAO
1. UBND tinh Quang Ninh, De dn phdt trien thdnh phd cda khdu qud'c te Mdng Cdi de'n ndm 2020.
2. TS. Nguyen Van Phu, CN. Nguyin Thi Hoang Diep, Kinh tecua khdu Ddng Bdc Viet Nam, Ky ylu HOi thao Qu6c gia khoa hoc Qude gia "Nhiing vdn dl mdi trucmg va phat triln bin vihig vilng Ddng Bac", 2007.
3. UBND tinh Quang Ninh, Qui liogch long the phdt trien kinh te -xd hpi thi xd Mong Cdi thdi ki den 2010
4. Cdng ty van hoa tri tue Viet, Mdng Cdi thdnh phd cda khdu qud'c te'-hdi nhdp vd phdt trien, 2008.
5.Trang Websie: www.quangninh.gov.vn
